Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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~-J1- ' ?- *? -' The Watchman and Southron Published Wednesday and Satur !/; v H i' ) day by .. v ?stren Publishing. Company, *n. Sumter, S. C. Terms: $2.00 per annum?in advance. . Advertisements: ? Qn?i Scfuare, first insertion __$1.00 "E?Bry>-*ibsequent insertion .50 Contracts for three months or; lonlrer? will Jae made at reduced \ ~ Fates. All" communications .which sub serve private interests will be charged for as advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of rer speet will be charged f sr. The ' ? Sumter Watch man was founded: in 1850 and*^ the True SotSpfcron in 1&66. The Watchman and Southron now has the com bined circulation and influence of both of the old papers, and is man ifestly 4he best advertising medium in Summer. . , ? .. = TrHjEf WILSON FOUNDATION. . U >)!:.;' J : ;j:^ews and Courier). No'Similar movement in many a J?ng day, if ever, has been greet ed witljf such widespread popular favor .-as the campaign for a fund - of ?$?;9'd0,000 with which to -es tablisb" the Woodrow Wilson Foun datipn,, , Americans as"a rule have not! " generally been very responsive to | appeals of this. character. It was \..f^or example, only with the great ? est difl?eulty and after many years that th'e money for the Washing ton ^onunt^nt was secured. But m spire of the prevailing financial depression, this campaign for a fund" th'e purpose of which is to . $o honor to the great American who led and inspired his country men in' the greatest crisis of the nati6n*s' history, has been hailed with .enthusiasm. -"j : . The, Charlotte Observer says that j developments indicate that the j quota of $5,<)?? assigned Charlotte ^^hd. Mecklenberg will be raised, t and -perhaps this community may go beyond that." In Savannah "?ifbseViptions are being received in amounts ranging from 25 cents to ^ J|10.0, a .check for the latter amount ;^ixaving>: *>een donated by the Sa ? " vftima*r:Chapter^ of the United paug$tej:s of the Confederacy. The . Sayaaiu?i Chapter, Daughters pf the^American Revolution, forward "^a eftejek fox $25. Atlanta is an other southern city where the con tributions are coming in rapidly, a > Apparently there is no local or ? gahiz?tlon in charge of the. cam paign, fpr the fund in Charleston ^but, r.aa.y already announced, The ^^wskarid Courier will be glad to ] receive donations and forward tr\em.?o. Governor Cooper who is chairman for South Carolina. It Is announced that each donor to the "fund yftll be given a certificate of ? acknowledgment, all the certifi- j . cate^; .being alike no matter what! the amotint contributed. ' This cer-' tificate^ which bears a picture of President- Wilson, is in sepia tones, nine,by;,twelve inches in size. It?sbould be understood that ? KmaUv?ohtributions will be welcom ed gJLadVy, as well as lagrer ones. As the] Springfield Republican puts it, "the .million dollars which will be raised could easily be contribut '~d by; a comparatively few persons . of wealth in this country, who are admirer? of Mr. Wilson, but the purpkyse' of the Foundation's pro moters'would be best realized by making! its financial basis as broad ?nd -democraiie as possible. In so far:as^rhe Foundation will be an* end?rjng* memorial fo the former ' president of the United States, his personal gratification will no doula be measured by such evi dence as the subscriptions may give of a w:ide popular response." ... ^jMxr-y ?': ' ? Strmter should have a part in the .Woodrow WilsBn Foundation and. should contribute her mite to- ! ward rhe million dollar fund that j Is "being: ( raised by the friends j "and admirers of the great states- ! men-who did more than any other! man 'to^make the world safe for j for democracy," and whose advice j and leadership, if followed would j have sswed fhe world 'from the Intolerance ills that, have and still oppress mankind the world over, | as the aftermath of the great war. j There- "ttrh many people in Sumter i who recognize the debt that the world.owes Woodrow Wilson, whose! ; judgment has not been swayed by ' the malignant cafnpaign of vituper- ! ation and1 misrepresentation that i , was wqft'fl against him by his en- < yio'4S; ahd jealous partisan one-j mies, who have placed party above j patriotism, and have labored to j wreck the world in order that they! 1 might ttcstroy Wilson by so doing, j Tiriie Will fully vindicate Wilson j and his policies and history will] dq^ him justice. The proposed j founda"rTo"n is just a manifestation] of .the esteem in which Wiison is j held, by millions of people, ?and fho^e who contribute will have a share ifT"honoring the memory of a man worthy of honor by all who! havs iaiih in democracy. I I j INJUNCTION AGAINST CAPITA!;. 1 V The court-injunction has. always been a red rag to labor. The un jions have regarded it as their in j veterate enemy. It has been con- j j ventionally regarded by them as a diabolical'device of capital"to en- j slave labor. Xow a Tabor union itself has re sorted to the injunction, and finds \ it a friendly instrument of justice, i ready to its hand. The Internat- j ional Garment Workers' Union. ; appealing to the courts to prevent j the Xew York manufacturers from j enforcing a 49-hour week and j piece work in defiance of their j contract with the union, is upheld. | The court has granted a permanent I order restraining the employers j from this breach of contract. If the employers persist, they will be ordered into court for punishment; lilce" any other law-breaker. This is said to be the first rime a ; labor union has ever tried to avail I itself of the injunction. The result j is hound'to have" an illuminating j effect on both sides, but especially j I on labor. As Justice Wagner said, j in announcing his decision,Y'A court J 'of equity is open to employer and j employee alike," but employees do not seem ever to have realized that, or "believed it. Hereafter >hey will believe. ' This is a forfunate episode, promising better- industrial rela tions. The outcome should be new res. ect for the courts oh both sides, ] and new respect for contracts by ? both sides, with a. corresponding growth of mutual confidence and K cc-operation. - --m ? ??? A TEST OF NEED. Because many persons who do not need relief are taking advan tage of the situation this winter to seek' it, a director of ehariites make this suggestion. "Do not give a dime or a nickel to the beggar who asks it at your door or on the stree.t Either di rect him to the nearest station for charitable relief, or offer him food from your kitchen, and see that he eats it. Or offer to take hin* into the nearest restaurant and buy him a meal, if you are approached 4m' the' public thoroughfare. The really hungry man will accept your offer of food gratefully; the pan chandler will refuse. A dime is not enough to buy a meal for a man who is hungry, but it is too much to give to one who is not de serving." It'isra fair test of genuine need which does not imply heartlessness.; Every dime which goes to help \ I fraud is a dime taken from the ' needy. x i ? * A JAPANESE PLEDGE. i i - r *, ! The past few months have seen j no development -more significant ! than the growing understanding j between the United States and Ja-j '.pa.ii. This-has now had another boost. Viscount Shitjuwasa, high in Japanese political and diplomatic j circles, has been rmiring the Pa-j cific coast for some'time, studying , Japanese immigrant conditions. At a farewell dinner tendered him in San Francisco just before he sail ed for him. he pledged ^the re mainder of his lifje to the solution of the land ownership and immi gration questions v/hich for so long Have made trouble between Japan artd America. ? One such pledge, given at one such dinner, though made in good faith, might mean little. Added to the steadily mounting list of man ifestations of good intent in all di rections, it i? significant. It is the more important because it has to do with the settlement of the Pacific coa?9t 'situation no matter how great lirogress may be made between the United States and Japan in Far Bastern matters, as long as the Japanese situation in the western part of this country is a source of irritation to both na tions, peac will never be assured. -? ? - MONEY TO WORK \\ITH. - The hardest problem in his ca reer, John I). Rockefeller once said was "to get all the money n'eces-I sary to do all the business he could I do." His money-mak5ng possibrli-I : ties were limited mainly by his bor- J rowing power. I It is much the same with every ' i business man. Expansion, develop ment, creation of new opportun!-I ! ties for production and profit, even the carrying on of rcfeitine busi ness, all are limited by the^quan tity of capital available. Capital is one of the two indis- , j pensable requisites, labor i?*-iiiK the I ' other. Pan labor is usually avail able more liberally than efeipital. The lack of capital has been ore- j of the greatest obstacles t*> tin- re t viva! of business for the iasi year and a half. There may ha ve been plenty of capital in the ?country, j ! but business men could fiort get it. I They were hampered by jthe ex- j treme caution of bankers and the exaction of high interest rates. The result was as it would be it' ;i farmer tried to farm without fer tiiizer. The most promising feature of the present situation is that this obstacle is vanishing. Money rates have gone down, and are Koin^ still further. Money is available, on tolerable terms again, and in large quantities, for legitimate enter prise. The main thing needed now is the spirit of enterprise?which has been much-dampened of late? to seize th;s hew opportunity as it appears. -? ? ? Feed Terms Every Farmer Should Know. ciemson College, Jan. 17.?Every farmer should know the meaning of certain terms commonly used in discussing the subject of feeding. This is essential for the proper un-, cterstanding of the literature relat ing to the subject and for the in telligent application of its recom mendations to feeding practice. In discussing the chemical com positioix of feeds the terms protein carbohydrates, .fat, nitrogen-free extract, crude fiber, and ash are used. These terms are explained briefly by W. D. Salmon, assistant animal husbandman. Protein?This is. a complex nitro gen-containing compound. Rough ly the amount of nitrogen in a feed multiplied by GJJ5 gives the amount of crude.protem. Protein is essen tial for the production of lean meat, milk, the white of egg, con- i nective tissue, skin, hair, horn and j hoof. Reproduction and growth of i the animal body are impossible j without protein. Hence larger amounts o this nutrient are re-! quired for young growing animals ! than for mature animals, although | the latter rriu.st have some protein j in the feed to maintain the normal body functions. The chief sources of this compound for livestock feed ing are cottonseed meal, linseed oil meal, soy beans or soybean meal, j peanut meal, velvet beans, tankage, fish meal, blood meal, skim milk, and alfalfa or clover hay. The green forage" crops and grasses while young and tender are also important sources. Carbohydrates?These are com pounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They furnish heat to ke(*p the body warm and energy for do ing'work. Any surplus is convert ed into animal fat. The carbohy r?tes are thV most important nu trients for fattening animals. The chief sources are starches and su- j gars in the grains and the crude; fiber of the roughages. Some feeds j high in carbohydrates are corn, i rice meal, wheat, barley, oats, po-. tatoes, sorghum, and timothy hay. Fats.?The composition 6f fats | resembles that of the carbo'hy-: drates and they are used for the same purpose by the animal. They furnish 2.25 times as much energy per uniCas the- carbohydrates. The chief sources are the grains, and leguminous seeds?soy beans, pea- I nuts, and velvet beans. Some of i the by-products like tankage, co-' coanut meai, peanut cake, sunflow er seed cake, and oil meal, are rath er high in fat. Nitrogen-free Extracts?This em braces everything in'the carbohy drates except fiber. The term has at times led' to confusion by people ; thinking it means nitrogen-carry- : ing compounds, whereas it meant compounds carrying.no nitrogen. Crude Fiber?This is the woody 1 portion* of a feedstuff. It is a car bohydrate but it is less digestible and has a lower nutritive value than the other constituents of feeds. Certain forms ofv liber are almost entirely indigestible and are used ! only as fillers in feeds. The rough- j ages are all high in fiber. . Ash or. Mineral Matter?Ash isj used in building bc^e and in many j of the life processes. The minerals j most likely to be deficient in the) rations of farm animals are calcium \ Clime), phosphorus, and common salt. The legume hays?clover, al falfa, soy bean, and cow pea?are rich in calcium. Wheat bran is 'high in phosphorus. Tankage, fish meal, and skim milk contain both calcium and phosphorus in con siderable quantities. Death. ... Miss Cecile O'Donnell of Ander- ' son, S. C, died at 7:20 Wednesday! morning at the Church Home and Infirmary. Baltimore, Md., after a long illness. The funeral services were held in Anderson Th?rs- { day. Miss O'Donnell was a cousin of Mr. Neil! O'Donnell of this city, j and from early girlhood had been j a frequent visitor in Sumter. She ; bad many fronds hen; who will j learn of her death with sincere sorrow. ? ? ?? Washington, Jan. 19.?Figures showing the growth of federal bonded warehouses 2"or storing ag ricultural product^, issued by the j agriculture department, shows two I hundred and seventy-five cotton warehouses, with a capacity of on? million two hundred thousand! bales, a like number of grain I warehouses, holding fourteen mil- 1 lion bushels, and five tobacco warehouses. Mexia, Texas, Jan. 19. ? Military pule in this mushroom*.city is re ported t<> have resulted in souk- im provement in conditions. < ?n? hundred and fifty arrests have been ? made. The whiskey seized i was found to contain lye and thirty pei cent of fuseloil. Thousands of undesirables have left tie- city. It in now up to England to get Up on its ear and throw oft the British yoke.*?- Worchester Tele gram. Judge Landis says he is in base ball for the love of it. The salary is merely to keep Iiis love from growing cold.? Canton News. Plenty: An amount equal to that possessed by the neighbors. \ 1 Gen. Robert E. Lee's Birthday Anniversary of Birth of1 Great Southerner Signaliz ed by Movement to Re establish on Firm Founda-! tion the School of Journal ism in Washington and Lee University. _ j A Fitting Celebration of Lee's ? Birthday - ! For fifty years, since the death ? of its matchless hero, the South has celebrated the birthday of 1 General Robert E. Lee with patri- : otic gatherings, banquets, and elo quent orations. This January nine teenth is to be made memorable by a far more fitting and worthy cel ebration; one that would delight the heart of General Lee were in; still living: for he always shrank ' from adulation but/ardently sought J and welcomed helpers in carrying! out his great plans. r With keen, practical wisdom that he might rebuild his wrecked and devastated land, he founded a school of engineering, arid planned a school of commerce and business administration, with a still deep er insight into the needs of a be wildered people whose whole social order had 'been shaken to pieces he founded -the. first School of f Journalism in America or tin world, that his people might be furnished with trained leadership' during the harassed and critical era of dissolution and reconstrue- . tion. After his death increasing pov erty quenched the lamp lbs genius had lighted, and the South, from that day to this, has never had an j all-South School of Journalism. His great idea has borne fruit in j other sections, and strong schools of Journalism * in the East, the North, the West, and oh the Pa cific coast are sending out their streams of trained journalists; but Lee's own land still waits the frui tion of his hopes and plans. It is no wonder then, that the newspaper men of'the South have decided that this birthday celebrar tibh shall be', more worthy and [ fruitful than banquets and ora- j tions. It is their intention, by a simultaneous appeal to-the public, j re-enforced hy their own contri but ions, to re-establish and endow the Lee Memorial School of Jour- j r.alism, as their tribute to the ed- ? ucarbr who first recognized jour- ! nalism as a learned, profession, j tneir practical contribution to the welfare and development of the i South. ?, It is'.needless to say that in this! patriotic enterprise the Item will j do more than its full share. We think we know our loyal and pa triotic constituency and we confi dently predict that to this call the response will #e ion per cent Let>every'admn\-r of LeeTold and young, contribute something. Let I every member of the Confederate j Veterans, the Daughters.' of the j Confederacy, and the Sor* of Vet- i erans be not orrly a contributor but an energetic tender, and Bet the re sponse from our*city and-constitu- ; ency bear witess to our patriotism, pur public spirit, and our;liberality. ; We will keep on o*ir^ jedijtorial j page a standing list of co^itribettors and we hope to see this roll of honor soon become almost a city directory. Of the half-million 1 which is needed for this Jiving and working memorial of General Lee let Siimfer contribute her full share. \-? ! America's First School of Journal ism. * On March 30th, 1SC9, President; Robert E. Lee brought before the boaud of trustees of Washington: College a set of resolutions, already approved by the faculty, for the] establishment of special courses.1 with free scholarships "not ex I ceeding fifty in number, lor young men intending to make j practical printing and journalism their business in life." The second resolution was "to make such ar rangements for or with a printing office a ' may afford practical in- i strucfion, and. so far as practicable, compensated employment in their business, to such young men." i Here we have: 1st. The establishment of reg- 1 ular college instruction in profes- | sional journalism, ' a generation ahead of the age; /'2nd. The addition of regular! daily practical instruction to sup plement class-room lectures, an other progressive step, in a day when student laboratories were al most unknown, and 3rdv The nUra-modern part-1 time combination of earning and : learning which most educators j consider the most recent "dis- ] covery" in higher education. In honor of the genius and for* - ! sight which founded such a 20th- j century school in 1869, as a '.ab ate and monument to the smith's ideal hero, and as a contribution in southern welfare arid develop ment, the admirers of General Lee, led by the editors of the south, are going to re-establish his school of journalism and carry out for all the future his*wise and beneficient purpose. Lee, The I'.ducator. In every civilized laud military] experts still sit at the feet of Lee.! the Soldier consummate master of I he Art of Wa r. 1 u a t: '!i<?n ! American homes young and old revere and honor him as tin- ideal , Christian gentleman, the finished flower of soui hern chivalry, culture and character. l'el few. even in the south, recognize <>r appreciate his genius as .-? broad-visiohed. far- . seeing educational statesman. His sublime renunciation of of- ; fered wealth and ease and luxury | thai h<- might, in the face of uni-ji versal poverty and desolation, give | himself to tie- task ot rebuilding : Washington's ,\'ar-wrecked and j bankrupt institution was only equaled l>y the steadafst zeal and -j consummate ability with which he'< essayed and accomplished the seemingly impossible ia.sk. In an aar when collejre training meant only Latin, Creek, Philo sophy, and ?rathematics. when '?practical" studies and student lab oratories and the chairs of Eng lish and modern languages were practically unknown in college cir cles, when law was taught almost entirely in lawyers' offices through private insrruonon. and our mod-, em university schools of jour nalism and of commerce were un dreamed of: in a little mountain village fifty miles from the near est railroad: in a locality and a I section desolated and impoverished I almost beyond conception by the hellish ravages of invading armies. Genera] Lee in live years gathered a large faculty, secured for the times an ample endowment, built necessary buildings, gathered the largest student-body in the south, and made his institution not only ?nancially prosperous but the one conspicuous center of southern \ higher education, crowded with eager ex-soldier students from ev-j ery southern state. Yet these achievements .-is an ::d ministrator were far outdone by the edueariwial transformation of a j typical classical college into an in-! stitution a full generation ahead of; its tinu-s. in iiv.; short years he added Schools of Law. of Journal-j ism, and of Engineering, depart ments of Physics, English, Modern Languages and had already plan ned "what would hrfye been the tirst college School of Commerce and Business Administration when, worn out with his herculean la bors he fell at his post, and left his institution as his legacy to his be loved land. Thus the five years' work of Lee tin- Educator fittingly crowns and supplements the work of Lei- the Soldier. Ami. undoubtedly, when the long roll is finally called and Iiis total contribution to the uplift and betterment of the human race j< finally assessed and determined, his work at Lexington will out shine and outweigh all the more transient glories of his military careert Amid the~ battle-smoke anu' dtist of"conflict of that stormy era of war and reconstruction, his ma jestic figure iias been steadily ris ing in the eyes of the world as the purest and loftiest and most sym metrical character yet evolved by our Christian civilization. A l ilting Monument to An Edu cational Statesman. Facing a stormy era of social and economic reconstruction. Gen eral Lee. with a prophet's insight and a statesman's wisdom, strove to furnish to his stricken and be wildered people ;i nursery of high minded and broadly-trained leader ship. By re-estabJishing his School of Journalism we may share his spirit, carry out his purpose, and furnish to our no less stormy and bewild ered era a stream of trained jour nalists, which, issuing from his home and tomb and institution, shall lead the public opinion of the nation along the lofty paths of his own broad-minded and unselfish patriotism. It is pecularly fitting that this work has been undertaken by the editors of the south as their trib ute to the many-sided greatness of the soldier-statesman, who, a generation ahead of his times, first recognized the place of the journ alist in modem civilization, and founded the first school of journ alism in America. Their; enterprise, thus carried otiL will accomplish a three-fold purpose. : It will raise a more lit ting monument than any pile of lifeless marble, however splendid and costly, to the memory of Gen eral Lee; it will furnish to future generations a much needed and most fruitful nursery of patriotic leadership: and it will uplift and inspire the whole south by bringing this m-wer and busier generation into close contact for awhile with the ideal virtues of the old south as embodied in the matchless character of Robert Edward Lee. who. fifty years ago, sacrificed his mortal life that his lifework might thus become immortal. General Lee's ^University. Washington and !.<??? University was founded as Augusta Academy in 174:<. the fifth in order of found ing among the ancient and historic institutions of learning in America. In the spring of 177<;. two months before the Declaration of Independence, by unanimous ac tion of the Hoard of Trustees, its name was changed to Liberty Hall. L; !7sl'. it was formally incorpo rated as an independent institu tion., under- a self-perpetuating hoard of trustees, [n 1798, it was endowed by George Washington with a gift of $50,000, and by him formally authorized to bear his name. After the wreck of the Civil War. tin- institution .,ras re organized and developed by the genius of Robert E. Lee. who ac cepted its presidency in 1st-,.", fixed its traditions of courtesy, honor, and patriotism, hallowed for all lime its spirit, and bequeathed ti lls keeping his sacred dust and his incomparable name. Mis great kinsman, being rich, had endowed the college with his money. Gen eral Leo, having no money, gave himself ;?> the institution and thus enriched it forever. After his death, the name of the college was changed to Washington and Lee University. In its ennobling mem- i ories and traditions no institution in Aunrien can compare with Washington and Lee. h is the only historic institution in the South independent of both church and state control and limi tations, and patronized by the whole South without regard t<> state lines and denominational di visions, for this reason it was lelecfetl by General Lee as his igeney for upbuilding the whole i <u.Hi. For the same reasons it is ? ?day. as it was then, the one his- j ? n ie all-South institution, ideally j 'u ted. i herefore, 1 o he the hone- of : non-state, non-denominational. til-South school of journalism. In its location, its history, and ts great founders, it seems forever ! et apart from low aims and sor-1 i did labors to serve the things of the spirit and lift young men to ward leadership and public service of the Washington and Lee type ?? ? ? Robert Edward Lee. Robert Edward Lee was born at St rat foi d. Westmoreland county, Virginia. His father was Light-] Horse Harry Lee of Revolutionary fame, and he was a descendant of two signers of the Declaration of j Independence. Patriotism was a tradition of the family. So it was? natural that he should be educated; for the army. He graduated from West Point in 1829, entering tie engineering branch, of the service. At 2-", he married .Mary Curt:-:.* great-granddaughter of Martha j Washington and heiress of tl e beautiful estate of Arlington on ! the Potomac opposite Washingt? n City. Fortune seemed to have marked him for its own. To birth, wealth, a cultivated mind, courtly j manners, a fine physique and hand-! some face were added personal happiness and eminence in his pro fession. As chief engineer of the] army in tbe Mexican War h<- won distinction: as superintendent of West Point in the fifties he intro duced the best methods known in Europe. At the beginning of the Civil War he had only the rank of a colonel, but General Winfield Scon, head of the national forces was too old to take the field, and"1 he looked upon Lee as his most; probable successor. In 1S"?2, in entering his own son at West Point, Lee said to him, I "Duty is the sublimest word in the i language; you cannot, do more than your duty; you should never| wish to do less." Now the question of duty confronted Lee himself. From the very beginning of our; government the question of state; sovereignty versus the Union was a matter of debate. The south had j generally advocated the principle of state sovereignty. Lee was a ?outherner. He felt that his fidel ity belonged first to Virginia. In the same crisis Admiral Farragut decided for the federal govern ment. Tn renu mbering Lee's de cision, it must be reniehrbered that his interest lay with the govern-; ment, win-re immediate promotion awaited him. with protection for his home and family within the j fortifications of the capital. There! is a reason to believe, now, that j he knew that the union must triumph, so that he consciously led a lost cause from the beginning. i Beautiful Arlington. his wife's birthplace, his own home for thir- ' ty years, and his children's ances- \ tral inheritance, -was lost im med iately. It lay on the natural line of defense of the capital, and be- 1 came the first camping ground of the northern army. His fortune | was lost when he resigned his com- \ mission and offered his services to the south. In the spring of 186*2 he was placed in command of the armies operating in defense of Richmond. The masterly strategy which Lee displayed in the "Seven Days" battles around Richmond showed him to be a commander of the highest order of ability. Tin same' may be said of his movements in opposition to General Pope a few weeks later. Lee's success Lagainst McClellan and ?Pope em-i boldened him to attempt an in vasion of Maryland in the fall of j 1S62. This campaign was termina ted by,the battle of Antietam. fought oh the TJth and 17th of September. Not being pursued by McClellan after this battle Lee re-! I crossed the Potomac unmolested. | I and then turned up the Shenandoah valley of the Rappahannock, tak , ing position near Culpepper court ; house. McClellan at length fol ! lowed, but on the 7th day of No- \ vember, was superseded by Gen-1 eral Ambrose E. Burnside. Soon: I after assuming command of the army, Burnside moved up the Rap ; pahannock, intending to cross the I river at Fredericksburg and pro- \ ! ceed from that point to Richmond; ? but. when he reached Fredericks- I : burg, he found Lee in position ready to dispute his passage. After some delay Burnisde succeeded in j crossing the river and attacking 1 Lee, but was defeated with con siderable loss. HC succeeded, llOW \ ever, in recrossing the river, and ; a few days later was relieved of ; his command and General Joseph ! Hooker was appointed in his place. ? ; After considerable time spent in ; preparation Hooker moved againstj I Lee; but was defeated and driven i back at the battle of Chancellors ; ville. May 2-4. Lee soon gathered together Iiis available forces and moved northward", his campaign [ending with the battle of Gettys burg, which took place on the first j three .days* of July 186*3. On the fir&t two days of this battle tile ad vantage seemed to rest with Lee's army, but on the third day he stak ed the issue in a grand charge, which was completely repulsed, and he was compelled to order a re treat. He succeeded in recrossing; the Potomac, ami was again safe in Virginia. No operations of importance were undertaken by either army during the winter of 1863-64, but early in .May ist; i. Lieutenant-Cencral LT. S. ('.rant was called to Wash ington, and took tin- held against Lee's army in person. Grant at tempted to turn Lee's light Hank by a inarch through tin- densely*; wooded region known as the Wild erness. Here occurred two days bloody but indecisive lighting, after which ("rant again sought to turn Lee's Hank by marching to Spott sylvauia Court House. At '.his place on the loth day of May, tin tv was anotlu r bloody and inde cisive engagement between the op posing forces. The two command ers continued to confront and ma- ; noeuver against each other for some weeks without coming to a general engagement and without any result, save thai Lee was grad ually forced back toward Rich mond, until lie occupied Very near ly tin- sann- ground that McCIei lan's army had occupied two years before: After making an unsuc cessful attack upon Lee's position at Cold Harbor on June 3rd, Grant moved down the Chickahominy to tin- James, and after crushing the _ iaiier river, entered upon the seige of Petersburg, which" continued: until the spring of i$<55. Grants! army then entered upon more ac-i five operations, and Lee was com pelled to abandon both Petersburg and Richmond. lb- was still hotly pursued by Grant, and a few days; r?ter at Appomattox Court House \ his entire forces surrendered, and the war came to an end. Lee might i have prolonged the struggle inde- i finitely by the breaking up of his army into guerilla bands and scat- ' ter them about the mountains, but: this he refused to do. There are: few instances of the nobility with t which he accepted defeat, and sej himself to helping to make his country once more a union of loyal , states. Although impoverished by the1 war and face to face with old age; I he refused wealth and place of : honor in service abroad, to accept the presidency of Washington and" Lee University at Lexington, Va.,: its doors had been closed for four1 y?-ars. Thi< was General Lee's part j in tin- work of reconstruction, it! was tlx- last call to duty. In the ):i.s:. five y*-:trs fit his Iii"*; ?O0 youns southerners came under his care.: to learn the duty of cooling their I hot hearts and sweetening their1 bitter hearts. The- day of final re- i conciliation must have seemed very faraway, when on October Li, 1STo "Marse Robert" fell asleep, and was buried in the college snapeL Student's Reference Work. -e~?^> ? The Anniversary of tltv Birthday,] ot Itoberl E. Lee. J The anniversary of the birthday, i of General Robert E. Lee was ap-rj propriately observed today in the.; diff< rent schools of the city. At j assembly this morning at the; Loys' High, school the following, program was given in a very a:- j tractive manner by all of the par- j t ieipants: Song ? Come. Thou Almighty j King. ' i Robert E. Le<?C. Whilden. ? Marse Chan?H. Shaw. The Sword of Robert Lee?F. ; Kirk. ^ Traveller?J. Davis. S-atue and Tribut.?B. Pitts. Song?Dixi". The satin- was true of the Girls' I fish school at its regular assem bly at midday. The following program was very attractively given: Song?March of Triumph. A Si- j-ch of Robert E. Lee?El-1 len Stuckey. A Tribute from Dixie?Eleven1 Girls. Heien Cuttino, Mamie Mc CoHum, Daisy China, Emmie, Qsteen, Marguerite* Roper, Mary Alderman, Catherine Timmermam, Leiia 1 lejriot. M a m i e W e 11 s, j Margaret Edmunds, Lydia Ryt- j ten berg. An Ode to Lo<?Mamie Tucker. Song?Tenting on the Old Camp \ Ground. , i Song? Dixie. j In all of the rooms of the pri-J mary and grammar school build- i ings appropriate exercises were held to impress upon the minds of the [ boys and girls the greatness of this | great southern leader. Attention is called particular-J ly to the invitation that follows: The public is cordially invited to attend the exercises given tonight at S o'clock at the Girls' High school under the auspices of the ? Woman's Literary Club assisted by the Afternoon Music Club: Program. ^ Solo?The Swallows ? Clifton j Ringham?Miss Haynworth. Duet?Overture 'from William' 'Tell?Rossini?Miss MeLeod and I Mrs\ Hearon. ^Dixie. j A Review of Gamaliel. Bradford's. "Lee. the American" j ?Pr. S. IL Edmunds. Tenting Tonight. Violin Solo. Reverie ? W. Ten Hare?Mrs. , Alexander. Chorus. A Love Song from "A Day in Venice." - ??*><> Directors9 Meeting Held by Bank! National Bank 01 South Car-; olina Holds Annual Meeting i The usual meeting of the ?irec-i tors of tin- 'National Lank of South I Carolina was held on January 16, All the* officers of this bank and j the members of its board of direc tors were r< -elected to serve during] the ensuing fiscal year and the fol-j lowing new names added as <!!-? rectors: Messrs. < >. L. Williams.: s. K. Nash, c. L. Stubbs and A. G. | Stack. The banl; reported having en- I joyed a very good year's business , and is looking forward to better business conditions during the coming year. -<? <Sj? Hold Up Train Uor Gin. A Santo !'e tn%in was held up near Streator. LI., recently by a party <<<: Uinr. robbers in an auto mobile. One of tin- express cars' was broken into and twenty-five cases of gin were taken from it and : placed hi the motor ear. Shortly after tin- robbery the mojor car, in which tin- gin was being carried; caugbi fir'- ami the robbers de camped.. The police saved ten] cases out of the twenty-five. Tim rin stolen was part of a shipment being sent from Chicago to San Francisco for w h ich a p? rmit had -o ? o MEMORIAL SERVICES IN THE SENATE Columbia. Jan. 1'.'. ?The senate Wednesday night devoted us s< s burg. both of whom died in I y?0. Xutii!"cs Senator's made strong j eecbes respect to [he two late j senators, both c?f whom wer?.- prom- . ijieni in Li- legislative delibera- ; A Municipal Abattoir Chairman of City Board of Health States Reasons For Advocating Establish Establishment of * Plant Editor Daily Item:. 1 would like to say just a word about the proposed city abattoir. Somone has said that if SumterH had such an enterprise and fol low the rules and regulations thai other towns have adopted that it would be like building a wall around Sumter and shut the farm ers out. ' i wonder if the writer of the ar ticle in the Daily Item of J;:nu ary ICth has informed himselt of the rules other cities are using for their abattoirs. The health cer and the -members of the board of health have gone into this ... ter carefully, and they find that tnieipal abattoirs require all ?:',. ats sold in tbv city to be slaugh tered and inspected at the city abattoir. That in itself would be a lieljj ;<; the farmers,"" by placing this phase of farming in the open id assure Tie- public they are1* getting a clean and wholesome at supply and thus stimulate consumption. The city abattoir will slaughter, inspect and put in cold storage all cattle, hogs and sheep for less money than the farmers can do it at home. It will ye a better appearance and the storage will make meat more* pal atable. 'We find that all the kicking and knocking in other cities where mu nicipal abattoirs are operated is ? ion.- by the local butchers and not By the farmers who raise the ... at We also find that in most cases the opposition lasts only for a short while, and you bould not get the butcher." back to the old plan of slaughtering.* A municipal abattoir would not prohibit the sale of government in special meats that are shipped to Sumter, or meats from any other abattoir where there is inspection. \V> are going to have more cat and hozs. put on the market from now on than ever before, owing to the boll weevil, and. we-; need inspection for diseased meats which are sure to be slaughtered. How can we have inspection with out some central place of slaugh ter? / I We need the municipal abattoir. It will, if managed properly, pay all expenses of operation, and* be a source of pleasure to the public and all concerned to know they are protected against diseased meats, and that they are slaugh tered and handled/* in a sanitary way. if anyone ooubts the need of an abattoir, just get in your car and take a ride out to all of the slaughtering places. Even . the mai ketmen acknowledge the need of an abattoir. Wry respectfully. H. L. TISDALE, chairman Board of Health. Sumter, Jan. IS, 1922.. ? ??? o ? Threat of Anarchy in Bulgaria Order of Allied Council Tc Disband Army is Unpopular Sofia, Bulgaria, Jan. ? <JL9.?An archy is feared in Bulgaria if the orders of The allied council of? am bassadors to disband the army are obeyed, according to the war min ister. Veterans Re-elect Board of Pen sioners. The Confederate Veterans of the county met on Monday.- January i*k and re-elected the old board of .pensioners consisting of Captain EL s. Carson arid Messrs. W. O. pain aftd W. H. Graham to serve for a period of two years*. Judge T. E. Richardson is ex? officio clerk to the board. , -? ? ? DEATH. ^Crs. L. I. stack, of Culumbia, S. C, diV-d at the Tourney hospital, January 19, 1922 at 11:40 a. m. The funeral services will be .held at the residence of Mrs. D. R. Stack. IT Corbett street, at 3:30 Friday afternoon. The funeral v ill be conducted by Dr. J. Wn Daniel, pastor of Trinity Church. Interment will be at the Sumter Cemetery. li is necessary to reduce taxes urjlCail taxpayers are "agreed in principle" as the diplomats say, ii it is difficult to find two men to agree on where the expenditures are t<> reduced and what is to* be left off. one man will say cut out the farm demonstration agent and the home demonstration, and save twenty-five hundred dollars. An ther says get rid of Cue rural po lk . men and save $6,000 ,in salaries and a considerable sum in "kici dentais. another says get rid of the s< hool attendance officer and save > ...en. an-.iher wants the court ex penses reduced, another says there is too much money spent on schools for the results obtained, others say money is wasted on road work. In fact there are almost as many opinions as there are men. It is a fact, however, that the tax bur den is too heavy to be borne. The county budget for 1922. exclusive of int? rest on road bonds is $1*29, ? ??>. Besides this sum the school taxes are are to be taken into ac count. In state, county and special s? In ol taxes the people of Sumter i oumy paid more than $450,000 in IS20. and but little less in 1.921. They cannot continue paying at this rate. * _____ > < -i \c, MEX?Women, over* 17, desiring government positions, $130 monthly, write for free list positions now open. J. Leonard, (former civil Service examiner), 444 Equitable Bldg., Washing ton, D. C.