PROGRAM TO
BEAT BOLL WEEVIL
IN Slie COUNTY
. R. B Belser, Chairman of Committee on
Farm Crop Program, Formulates
Schedule For S?mter County
Committee of Progress
c:.At a conference of fifty citizens
^presenting every section of the
^'?^nnty,'which.'-'was held in the
1 Court House two weeks ago, it was
?^cided to tak^ immediate steps to
^ 'create an erganization of the farm
[*.. ers and business men of the county
iy.:$or :the' purpose of close co-opera
J tion^n the effort to find ways and
I; means to re-create and maintain
^Agricultural and industrial prosper
. I 3ty in Sumter county despite the
; f*1boI! weevil. Mr. A. C. Phelps was
;. elected chairman; R. B. Belser and
I -33; G, Osteen, vice chairmen, and
John J. Riley, secretary- and treaft
^t?Per;* An. executive committee
i .composed of the ' officers and the
| Xoliowing; representatives of the
p several sections of the county was
^selected: H. M. McLaurin, E. E.
g Aycock, S. A. Harvin, C. J. Jackson,
r-~ J? F. Williams, E. C. Brown, E. W.
j^lJabbis. Jr:, .Stanyarne Burrows, J.
1 T.Tiei*ais, L C. Strauss, R. M. Jones.
h. Mr. Belser .was made chairman
?: of : con;mittee to formulate a
1 program.
- Mr. I. C.v Strauss was im?de
>.. chairman of a , committee to ar
? range for .a meeting of the busi
*; ness men o| the city to discuss the
olrganization and to secure their in
i Merest and their ^nancial and per
sonal support of the plans of the
Coimnittee of Progress. This meet
?? ? -j&g was held in the Court House on
'(: Monday night two weeks ago and
results.were most encouraging
; mnfi satisfactory, the attendance be
iii^iboth largeand representative of
; at?tthe bns?aess interests of the city.
The problems to be solved, if farm- 1
\ jjU^ffo-.tp be made profitable under'
r ^be? - weevil conditions were dis
| ?ts?sse? :and it was the unanimous
- decision of the meeting tnat the
Movement to put on a campaign
?iga?er tbe auspices of the Commit
;tee of Progress be endorsed and
^.iS?feon:-.hearty and substantial sup
''.y'-^ort: .-A' substantial sum was rais
' ed. to-pay the expenses of the cam
;j?aisn; asd a committee of volun
- teers was formed to solicit addi
r ^jkn^V0?0^^111^^05 from business
: men. not present.
fT^e "objects of the Committee of j
?l .^tofsess. were presented to the
mass - meeting- of farmers in the
I Opera House: last Wednesday, and
?4feo <: organisation of community
: Xci^miitees in* all sections of the
^ c^t?sty.:? now being undertaken by
^'rtho^^ w^? attended the original
mjB^ng; .It is, expected to put on
I .'.v^^ea^o^cfBipaign at once and
l?J^:<j^6D^'j2??i''be spared to make
'(:' punter: count^ independent of the
- - fcwe?weeviL ? by- a sane, practical
{Vjjj^bjp??.. <ttf diversified farming and
i :hy^ the utilization of the natural
? - resources thatfare within the reach
. every farmer. As the first step
|n. this campaign the program
l iornjt?ated.by Mr. Belser after con
:..;'^??ial?>& with County Farm Dem
onstrator J- Frank Williams, and
~.-the:everts; of. the Extension De
| ?$>ar^ment o'? Cfemson College and
;vV-:?8^^'^?d3^of the bulletins of the
c^epartrr^aVof Agriculture in re
?fi0e^^to iBxjnhis. practice under
'tf&afa^weevil conditions, is herewith
^.^fresonted.. The careful study of the
? Jj^gram and the suggestions con
?i&i'ced therein is recommended to
every farmer and especially to land
who rent or share-crop
their lands. It is beheved that the
adoption of this or some similar
. prpgram is the only salvation of the
'?; .farmers *o? Sumter county and of
: ^every business interest dependent
upon the. asricuitural prosperity of
; ^th'e county. .This belief is based
not . upon mere theory, but upon
" ;.:-Jthe experience ...of other boll weevil
infested . sections. The program
outlined,by Mr.: Belser follows::
FARM PROGRAM.
- After careful consideration, the
following schedule of crops for an
' average one-hprse crop has been
agreed upon, and is recommended
, . for use under boll weevil condi
tions. It is intended, of course, that
- each individual farmer shall make
v* such minor changes as the needs
; of his farm require. The number
I of acrels? of the given crops and the
'.number of cows, sows and poultry,
should be.multiplied by the number
. of acres in your farm.
The acreage and estimated aver
- lage^xeturn, and the number of live
Vstoci per one horse farm is as fol
lows:
5 to 6 acres of cotton, esti
f\: -f m?ted value (5 acres) ..$250.00
6 acres of corn, with velvet
: beans, at ^.35.210.00
, 5 td 6 acres of oats and
i wheat, <1 acre wheat),
. followed by peavine hay,
" value including hay, at
~ ?30.00 ;4 _.180.00
l acre sweet potatoes_100.00
I acre Irish potatoes, follow
ed by peanuts -.100.00
X acre snap beans, followed
by peanuts._120.00
1 acre in sorghum, sugar
cane and similar crops ._ 50.00
2 acres in tobacco, or some
substitute inoney crop 200.00
And live stock as follows:
BBfecow. increased to two as
soon as feed is available,
estimated value of milk
and cream, one cow._ 150.00
I sow and. pigs_100.00
Flock of poultry, 20 to 25-, 40.00
Estimated total yield per one
horse farm, under this
% plan.. _$1,500.00
Cotton.
The cotton should be of an early
variety and planted early. Ground
should be well prepared and
^thoroughly pulverized, to insure a
: <juick start. All weevils found in
the buds of the cotton and in the
early squares should be picked off
and destroyed. As soon as the
squares begin to form and punctur
ed squares show up, they shquld
be picked off. The cotton should
he cultivated at least once a week.
; Dusting with calcium arsenate is
still in the experimental stage, but
in a dry season it certainly pays. As
soon as the cotton is open it should
be picked as rapidly as possible and
the stalks'destroy ed as soon as it all
has been picked out. The boll wee
vil destroys all top crop, so it should
be practicable to cut down and
plough under the stalks in October.
Experience has proven that if this
; be thoroughly done, the yield of
: cotton- the following year is mater
! rally increased.
. Corn and Velvet Beans.
Corn, under boll weevil condi
jtions, becomes one of the leading
i crops in the cotton territory. By
; the use of a good crop of velvet
j beans, planted ? in with corn, the
corn land will bring as high a re
turn as any of the staple field crops. I
The velve* beans so enrich land that
they will soon make commercial
fertilizer, other than acid phos
phate, unnecessary'. A good yield
of velvet beans often runs from
twenty to thirty bushels per acre,
and the value of these, added to;
the corn, makes this combination,
a very desirable crop. . **
The people of the south under
stand^ this crop well, and in every
community there are plenty of
farmers whu can advise those who
may. be unfamiliar with the best
methods of handling these crops.
As many of the velvet beans as
posWble should be gathered in the
pod, as these have a good market
value and can be handled through
the selling organizations of the city
of Sumter.
Oats.
Oats do well in this soil and cli
mate, and with the pea vine hay
which should follow them, ought to
give a return of from thirty to forty
dollars an acre, : Oats should be
planted in October, when possible, j
and certainly during the early j
part of November. At least a part
of the oats should be threshed and
used as a money crop. The Caro
lina Products Company and a num
ber of other business firms of thej
city will be able to buy or sell the*
seed oats for you.
Wheat.
At least one acre of wheat should
be planted to the plow, and this
will satisfy the needs for home
consumption. The Sumter Roller
Mills is in position^to take care of
all wheat which the county is like
ly to raise, and .have been making
an excellent "grade of flour.
Sweet Potatoes.
The sweet potato is rapidly be
ing developed into one of the best
market crops of this section. The
Porto Rico is one of the best mar-1
ket varieties. It is suggested that1
a few rows be planted very early
and that vines be cut from these;
for planting the main crop. Po- j
tatoes raised from vines, if the vines
be set out early, will give a greater I
proportion of Number 1 potatoes
than either sprouts or slips. If you i
have not the potatoes for your own ,
bed, it will pay you to buy the
sprouts or vines for these early
rows. Full information as to the
time of planting and manner of
grading, crating and curing can
be obtained from Clemson College,
and from the Agricultural Exten
sion Department. These potatoes,
when cured, can be sold either
through the South Carolina Sweet
Potato Association, or through the
Carolina Products Company of
Sumter. Good farmers are making
as much as one hundred bushels of
No. 1 potatoes with about an equal
quantity of seconds and culls, which
are all right for use on the plan
tation and for hog and cattle feed.
Irish Potatoes.
Irish potatoes should be planted
In February* and are ready for mar
ket in May. A fair yield runs from
sixty to over one hundred bushels
per acre. The market price also
varies- widely, but gross returns
from $100.00 to $150.00 per acre
should readily be realized. This
crop can also be used on the farm
to advantage, both as human food
and as food for the ^ogs and cows,
if at any time the price is so low
as to make it unprofitable to grade
and ship potatoes. Potatoes can be
housed and preserved all through
trie summer; and there is always a
very good local demand for pota
toes, after the garden crops are
exhausted. Returns of from $.200
to $300 per acre are sometimes
realized in favorable years. This
crop, therefore, offers a chance of
being highly profitable in favorable
years, and can always be utilized
on the farm and a portion of it
sold to the local market; and we
think that at least the one acre to
the plow should go on every farm.
This crop comes off of the land in
June and will leave the land clear
ed to be followed by peanuts, sweet
potatoes, or any other crop desired.
Snap Beans.
Snap beans is one of the safest
truck crops, and one for which
there is most general demand. They
are also planted early and come off
of the land early?by the latter
part of May. Successive crops of
these beans ran be planted, if de
sired, or they can be followed by
peanuts or other crops. Snap
beans are rapidly becoming one of
the staple truck crops, and yields
of 100 to 200 crates per acre are
beins obtain'u brin^in^ in money
returns of $?.0t" to $300 per acre.
Mexican Bandits
Release Americans
State Department Advised
That No Ramsom Was
Executed
Washington, Nov. 22. -? Four
Americans who were captured late
yesterday by Mexican bandits at
Santa Eulalia, near Chihuahua,
were released without ransom, the
state department has been advised.
? ? ?
Beans in Place
of Cotton
H?lly Hill Farmers Succeed
With Fall Crop
Holly Hill, Nov. 22.?On account
of the desiructiveness of the boll
weevil, the farmers of this section
made a very poor crop of cotton,
the majority of farmers averaging
a bale to anywhere from five to
.fifteen acres. They, therefore, de
cided to plant fall beans to help
pay the expenses of the year. The
bean crop was not good owing to
the extremely dry weather, but in
spite of this we have shipped over j
4,000 crates. Had the season beeen
favorable the yield would have been
doubled; besides, the returns would
have been much better, since car
load lots would have been shipped
instead of two or three hundred
crates at the time.' However, the
farmers more than cleared ex
penses on their beans and have
gained some valuable experience,
which will benefit them no little in
the future.. It is predicted that a
good amount of truck will be plant
ed next yea.r at this place.
PLANNING TO PARDON
ALL TRAITORS |
Washington. Nov. 22.?President
Harding will soon begin a study
of the records of all persons con
victed of war time offenses with
view to the extension of pardons.
The subject was considered, at a
cabinet session.
Like all truck crops, there is some i
risk of unprofitable prices at mar- j
keting season, but if the crop turns J
out well once in every two seasons,
it will pay to plant it. They oc- i
cupy the land only a short time and j
can be followed by peanuts and a J
number of other, crops. Further- j
more, should prices make it un
profitable to crate and ship the
beans, they can be aflowed to dry
on the bushes and sold as dry beans
and as seed. The green beans are
also good cow and hog feed, so the
crop cannot cause serious loss and
may prove highly profitable. The
Carolina Products Company is go
ing-to make a specialty of handling
snap beans and Irish potatoes, and
expects to ship them in carload lots
to the produce merchants of the
large eastern cities. They should
be planted as early as danger of
killing frost is over and pushed to
maturity. Red Valentine is the
usual market variety.' *
Peanuts.
. There is a ready market for pea
nuts through the oil mills of this
state. In addition to the peanuts
there is a yieid of 1,500 to 2,000
pounds of peanut hay, - which is
worth as much as peavine hay.
Sorghum and Sugar Cane.
The sorghum should be used both
as feed cut green for hogs and cows
and part for syrup. The sugar cane I
syrup is readily marketable if well j
made, and at least part of the j
syrup yield should be marketed.
Tobacco.
Tobacco is one of our staple i
money crops, and the acreage in j
this crop should be much increased
in this county. We are not advising
any one who has not experience in
curing tobacco to go into tobacco
raising extensively; but wherever;
experienced help can be obtained
for curing, we believe tbe crop I
should be planted. If tobacco is j
not planted, this acreage should be j
put into some other money crop. I
Sweet potatoes, cotton, or corn will
utilize the land reserved for tobac- I
co to advantage, where the farm j
owner is not in position to plant j
the acre of tobacco.
Cows.
The cows will be found of the !
greatest value to any system of di
versified farming:. Through her you
market your peanut hay. your cull
sweet potatoes, a portion of your
surplus oats, and any other of the
crops which may prove unsalable
and be left on your hands. She will
also add immensely to the fertility
of your soil and lead to a system
of legume crops?velvet beans,
peanuts, peas and similar soil-en- ;
riching crops?which will soon J
make fertilizer, other than acid
phosphate, unnecessary. The cash
returns from cream coming in every .
two weeks, while they may seem
small at first, will count up to a
very considerable amount in the
course of the year. The skim milk
can" be used to advantage as food j
for the farm hands and their j
families, for the poultry and for
the hogs. When the returns in the
form of cash for the cream, the
value of the skim milk on the
farm, and the fertilizer value of I
the manure and cf the soil-building j
crops, which the dairy cow utilizes j
are taken into consideration, the '
cow will be found one of the best
return producing factors in any \
system of diversified farming to
meet boll weevil conditions. We
urge that the fuil program of two ,
cows be realized at the earliest
possible date.
Hogs.
Hogs are another important part!
of the program, and if given
proper attention the beg products
sold from each one-horse farm i
should exceed greatly the $100.
put down in the estimated returns i
on the program given above.
Poultry*
Poultry too should receive much
more attention than in the past
The skim milk mak"S one of the j
finest poultry feeds known and will!
The Freedom
of the City
The Origin of the Custom and
What it Meant in Former
Times
New York, 'Nov. 21.?"To one
freedom of the city?0 beaver
skins."
Entries like this would have dot
ted the debit side of the expense ac
counts of Foch, Dia? Beatty, Jac
ques and others of the brilliant pro
cession of old world figures drawn
to America in the wake of the
world war, had they come about
three centuries eaYlier.
And instead of riding at the
head of triumphal processions to
the city halls of various municipali
ties, there to receive the freedom of
the city at the hands of respectful
mayors, to the accompaniment of!
bands and cheering throngs, they
would have had to fde petitions in j
court for their > freedom and take
oaths not to offend against the law !
of the land.
Conferring of the freedom of a
city-on a visitor has come to mean
almost precisely the opposite of
what it meant in the young days i
of America and?earlier?in the
medieval days in Merrie England.
"The origin of the custom of
granting the freedom of the city
to aliens is virtually lost in an
tiquity," said Professor Harold Mc
Bain, instructor in municipal gov
ernment at Columbia University,
commenting on the round of bril
liant receptions that have kept the.
mayors of New York and other
cities almost constantly in tall hats
and frock coats in recent months.
"It appears, however, to have
grown directly out of the medieval
organization of industry on a mo
nopolistic?.basis, and was original
ly an economic measure, pure and
simple.
"In the old English borough it
amounted to a license to carry on
business, and later, to vote. With
out the status of a freeman, con
ferfed by the grant, a man could I
not rise above the class of employe, j
The early Dutch settlers, of New i
Amsterdam?now New York?set
up a similar status, called the
Burgher Right, in 164 8, as a pro
tection against 'Scotch Merchants
and Petty Traders who spoil trade
and'business by underselling.' Per
sons not holding the Burgher Right
were prohibited from conducting I
business either with Christian or
Heathen. The fee was six beaver
skins.
"Freedom of the city was pro- j
vided for in the Dongan charter of
1686?the first English charter off
New York city, and its dispensa- j
tion was entrusted to ye mayor or j
any three or more of ye aldermen.
The fee by this time was reckoned
in British pounds instead of beaver
skins?3 pounds, 12 shillings for
the shopkeeper class and 1 pound,
4 shillings for handicraftsmen.
"Persons receiving the grant
were required to take the oath.
'Obeysant and Obedient Shall ye j
bee to the Mayor and Ministers 'of
this Citty,' and swore to take turns
at the watch, pay their taxes, and
warn the mayor of 'Any Gatherings.
Conventicles or Conspiracies made
against the King's Peace.'
"IL was in the latter part of the
eighteenth century that the practice
of bestowing gratuitous, honorary
freedoms of the city appeared.
"Early New York records recite
the bestowal of the freedom of the
city of New York on Captain Sir
Peter ? Warren for his exploits
against the Frenche and to Gener
als Shirley, Monckton and Gage.
"Later there is an entry showing
the honor was bestowed on three
sailors of a vessel lying in New
York harbor. in recognition of
their services in helping extinguish
a disastrous fire."
The formality had nearly died
out when the termination of the
war brought, a revival, designed to
honor noted visitors. Professor Mc
Bain said he knew of no records
showing the origin of the practice
of delivering the "keys of the city"
to persons receiving the honor.
increase egg productions to a very
marked extent. There is always a
market for poultry and the farm
poultry flock is a part of our farm
opportunities which we have been
sadly neglecting and which will
handsomely repay proper atten
tion.
Modification of Program.
We shall, of course expect each
individual farmer to make some
modification, in the foregoing pro
gram, as the needs of his farm re- \
quire, but as a general rule, we be- i
lieve that a farm planted and oper
ated as above outlined will prove j
profitable under boll weevil condi- !
tions, and that the general adop
tion of this plan, throughout the !
county, will result in this county j
being more prosperous, three or
four years hence, than was ever
the case under a mainly cotton
farming practice.
The Organization.
Committees are being organized
in every school district to give in
formation as to kinds of seed and
methods of cultivation and prepa- ;
ration of the crops for market, i
These committees will be kept !
posted by the central committee,
and will be prepared to give you !
timely information as needed.
Possible Results.
If thk> program could be carried
out on every farm of the county it
would make an aggregate farm !
production for the county of
over $12.000.000 and. in addition,
would save the county over $1.
000.000 of its annual fertilizer bill.
This would be double the normal
time yield of the county before the
boll weevil arrived. If we only
half realize it. we shall even then
produce more than the county has
been producing.
If. on the other hand, we fail
to follow some such course, and al- |
low the agriculture of the county
to go to pieces, as so many boll
weevil infected sections have don.-,
we may expect our farm production
to be cut to one-third of its pre
boll-weevil averege, and that re
sult spells bankruptcy for us nU.
Grade Crossings
Eliminated
State Railroad Commission
Works Out Plan to De
crease Danger to Public
Columbia, Nov. 22.?The elimina
tion at a stroke of more than twen
ty dangerous grade crossings on
various railroads throughout the
state is being worked out by the
South Carolina Railroad commis
sion, according to a statement made
today by Frank Shealy, chairman of
the commission. Details in con
nection with the elimination of
many of these crossings have al
ready been arranged, and the final
action is expected shortly.
At one point in Union county the
straightening of a piece of highway
will eliminate eleven crossings,
where the highway now crosses the
railroad again and again within a.
very short distance. At a point in
Orangeburg county, near Norway,
five crossings are to be eliminated
by straightening out a piece of road.
Two are to be eliminated near
Prosperity, two near Rock Hill, one
near McCormick, three in Barn well
county, and others in various parts
of the state. James Cansler, of the
commission, has just returned from
a trip of inspection on the Pros
perity crossings, and he recom
mends the construction of a mile of
highway on the south side of the
railroad, to eliminate a piece of
road that crosses the rails several
times within that distance.
The commission has decided to
issue a rule on the county super
visors and the state highway com
mission, requesting extreme care in
preventing road builders from drag
ging dirt over the rails at crossings,
thereby making the crossings dan
gerous. At least two derailments
have been caused recently by dirt
being dragged over crossings. Other
complanits have reached the com
mission, and the railroads have ap
pealed to the commission for help.
?? ? ?
A New Day For
the South
Rev. J. W. Moultrie Writes
Hopefully of the Future
Editor Daily Item: -
Find enclosed clipping from De
troit paper concerning Ford activi
ties in the south. I send them to
you for partial publication or men
tion so that our wide-awake Sum
ter League and alert Chamber of
Commerce would stud?- if. The
south has wonderful opportunities
during this depression and deflation
to take on other fields of economic
and industrial activities. The ne
gro is still there, while the mule
and cotton on account of boll
weevil are discounted. Your busi
ness men should not despair. Mr.
Ford will sell thr "Muscle Shoals"
everywhere and nc seeks a million
laborers, mostly negroes, in Ala
bama, the heart of the south.
My suggestion is that a wide
awake committee there should get
into the program and do some mis
sionary work. Offer one arm to
this proposed plant in the southeast
where labor is plentiful?I am
boosting Sumter. S. C.?while the
other arm may look toward Texas
or the Mississippi valley. This might
heal "the boll weevil scar" and
help save all our people, black and
white, from sore need and suffering.
I am a negro preacher doing mis
sionary work for the states of
Georgia, Florida and South Caro
lina among colored Methodists. We
are just closing a wonderful nat
ional missionary convention here,
represented by delegates from ev
ery country and race. I am a part
of this big missionary program,
looking toward and seeking the
conversion of the millions of the
unsaved. What a fitting time for
such a convention when the "peace
conference" at Washington is at
tracting world attention and hearth
side prayers!
Even here and now I think of
Sumter and entertain the earnest
wish that this suggestion from a
negro preacher and citizen there,
wh$> is a subscriber to your paper,
a patron of your schools and a stu
dent of your history, will receive
more than a passing' notice and
may lead to other suggestions
having the good and prosperity of
all our people as a high objective.
J.*W. MOULTRIE.
Detroit, Mich.. Nov. 19, 1921.
Baptist State
Conventions
Columbia. Nov. 22.?The Gener
al Board of the Baptist State Con
vention and the several commis
sions of the convention will meet in
Columbia next week, to prepare for
the work of the Baptist state con
vention, to be held in Greenville De
cember 6-8. The conclusion of the
Seventy-Five Million campaign will
be discussed by the officers. The
present week is "Pay Up" week,
and the board hoped to report
great success in this direction to
the convention. The Greenville
convention will be the Centennial
Convention. Dr. W. J. McGlothlin
is president of the General Board
and will have charge of the meet
ing hen-, the dates for which are
November 29-30.
-+?*>?*>
Announcement From Col. Dargan.
Editor The Daily item:
After listening to many and j
earnest suggestions from people of
good intentions, I find myself hold-j
ing lirml;. to my announced purpose
in your columns to stand firmly foi I
election to till the unexpired term
of Mr. Clifton. I am ready to meet \
any opponents of my purpose as I
Senator, as announced, or after this
announcement, for discussion, wel
coming always enlightened criti
cism, adverse or favorable, especial- |
ly adverse thru I may have all my
errors exposed before the election.
JOHN J. DARGAN. !
Stateburg. s. <\. Nov. ? 2. j :?l* i. I
France Endorses
Stand of Premier
Paris Newspapers Say That
"France Speaks Through
Mouth of Briand"
Paris. Nov. 22.?"France speaks
through the mouth of Briand" is
almost the universal caption in
Paris newspapers over the aecount
of the premier's address at the
Washington conference.
? ?
Migration of
Mennonites
200,000 Plan to Move From
Canada to Mexico
El Paso. Texas, Nov. 20.?One of
the largest migrations of Christian
people of modern history is that of
about 200,000 Mennonites, 50.000
families, from Canada to Mexico,
which will begin in December.
Their trek is expected to last two
years.
The Mennonites for the past year
have been looking for a new home,
claiming unjust treatment in Can
ada during the world war. Eight
nations have invited them. Land
"sharps," "boomers" and others
have tried to influence them.
After a dozen trips to Mexico,
during which representatives con
ferred with President Alvaro Ob
regon and officials of the Mexican
immigration service, the loaders al
most decided to settle in Mexico.
Then editorials from various
sources, save Mexican, declared the
Mennonites were "making a mis
take," that religious freedom which
they have sought could not be
guaranteed them under the Mexi
can constitution. Another trip was
made to Mexico and state and nat
ional governments assured the Men
nonites that they could worship
God as they pleased, that thei'
could hold all the tenets of their
religion and could enter that coun
try and make their permanent
home.
Canadian Mennonites hold the
same belief as early members of
the sect who settled in the United
States?that of non-resistance. The
Mennonites, in defending their be
lief, declared that they suffered less
in the early days at the hands of
the Indians than did others who
waged warfare against the savages.
The Mennonites still refuse to
enter any war.
Another peculiar custom of these
people is the washing of feet. They
say that the example of Christ to
his ?isciples in washing their feet
stands on same spiritual level as His
acts of distributing food and drink
to the hungry and thirsty. To the
Mennonites the story related by St.
Luke is comparable to the ones oth
er Christians regard, including the
Sacrament and communion.
Community property is another
belief of some Mennonites, al
though it is not general. The mem
bers of the sect cooperate in build
ing roads, school houses and
churches.
The removal of the Mennonites
to America came about when Wil
liam Penn had been granted land
for his Quaker followers. He was
told of Mennonites who had fled
from Germany to Holland and his
Quakers came to their aid. The
Quakers are credited with helping
them financially and in colonizing
parts of Ohio, Indiana, Kansas, Ne
braska and South Dakota. Later,
colonies were established in Sas- j
katchewan and other parts of Can- j
ada*. During the past year a few
of the sect have settled in Florida.
For years there were 14 inde
pendent bodies of Mennonites, but
years ago the sect was reunited.
The Mennonites will settle in
Chihuahua and Durango, principal
ly in the former state. Options have
been taken on land in both states
and improvements are being made
on one large tract, the Bustillos
hacienda, or ranch, near Bustillos
and Chihuahua City. The colonists
have paid 25,000 pesos to hold this
tract, the money being on deposit to
the credit of the Zuloaga family,
heirs fo the large land owner, Car
los Zuloaga. The purchase price is
000,000 pesos.
Officer Kills Negro j
Pulls Pistol When Search of j
House is Started
Holly Hill. Nov. 21.?Sunday!
morning Magistrate L. R. Rhame
was informed that Simon Grant, a I
negro, living five miles from Holly \
Hill, was making and selling whis- [
key, whereupon a search warrant
was issued. Magistrate Rhame, O. j
D. Rhame and Rural Policeman j
Fanning proceeded to the home of
Grant and told him of their pur- i
pose to search the house. Grant,
it is said, was boisterous and drew
his pistol on the policeman, where- j
upon Fanning, it is alleged, fired
and the negro was killed instantly. 1
Grant's brother appeared on the I
scene with a gun in his band, but
the handcuffs were applied and
the negro landed safely in jail.
An inquest was held over the ,'
body of Simon Grant, the verdict
being justifiable homicide.
The search, however, was made. !
and a jug partly tilled with whis
key was found in the house, and
a half barrel of mash was found in
the kitchen.
Washington. Nov. 22.?The revo
cation of scores of brewers' per- j
mits for the manufacture of near
beer is said to be under considera
tion by the prohibition enforcement i
officers. Investigation has disclos- j
ed. the officials said, that many 1
brewers are selling beer with al- .
coholic content well beyond the le
gal limit.
? ?? ?
Madison. Nov. -'2.?Six hunters
were killed during the deer hunting
season in Wisconsin, and upper
Michigan. game conservative
committee ;i nnounced.
Red-springs coated with atumi
hum paint will n<>t rust.
China's Fate Dis
cussed in Secret
Powers Having Openly Agreed
on Integrity of China To
Take Up Details in Exe
cutive Session
Washington, Nov. 22.?With the
Far Eastern negotiations advanced
to the stage of agreement on gen
eral principles by the powers de- j
daring their intention to respect
the administrative and territorial
integrity of China, the Washington
conference today resumed discus
sion at a further executive session.
The Horror of Famine!
Russia in the Grip of a Great
Hunger
Samara, On the Volga, Oct. 27
(By a Staff Correspondent of The
Associated Press).?The numerical
and geographical extent of the
great famine cannot be given.
There is today and has been as
much food available in Samaria,
for those who have money, as in
Baku, on the Caspian Sea, ^2,000
miles distant. The Russian refu
gees from Bolshevism in Constan
tniople are suffering from hunger
and lack of clothes almost as much
as those Russians in Poltava and
they in their turn as much as those
in Orenburg.
The Associated Press corre
spondent completed a journey from
Constantinople to Moscow by way
of Tiflis, Baku, Astrakhan and Sa
mara, and everywhere found in
tense misery, the most sordid of
which was seen in the dreary steppe
region between Tiflis (Georgia) and
Baku (port of Aberbaijan on the
Caspian Sea).
There revolution after revolution,
for five years, has left a trail of de
struction and ruined houses and
wrecked railway stations which
cannot be matched in Russia. Add
ed to the lack of food, is the con
stant battle with malaria, cholera,
and typhus, and added to these is
the cold against which there is little
shelter or fuel.
No more pathetic sight was seen
than that of the Baku central rail- i
way station where thousands of'
men, women and children, goin'
nobody could say where, we.e
camped on dirty sidings, for the
most part dressed in rag3 and eat
ing scraps of food like hunted ar t
mals. . *
To the north, 'along the V? -r
in Russia, the msiery is often of :1
respectable, cleanlv kind. A
Czaritzzyn thousands of fami'i'
are living in railway cars. Oth r I
have been housed in villas a
palaces.
Begging is rather the exception
than the rule everywhere in the
famine regions.
The Gwraan colonist villages and
towns along the Volga are so clean
ly and orderly, surrounded by such
florid luxuriance of field and forest,
that it is hard to believe their peo
ple are suffering from hunger. As
everywhere in Russia, the churches
are open, and services are held. At
Volsk, when the correspondent at
tended vespers, he was followed out
of the church by one of the priests
who begged that food come from
America before his people starved.
In the worst areas there is far
more hunger swelling than was
seen in Vienna in the winter of
1918. This is the last stage of star
vation and when it comes neither
food nor medicine will help.
The majority of such cases are
to be seen in the- cities, about the
railway station, in the trains or
about the landing stages and on
the steamers of the Volga, where
hundreds of thousands of peasant
wanderers are seeking to reach
friends in districts where they
imagine food conditions are better.
The government is trying to dis
courage such wanderings but they
are continuing.
The distances made by peasant
families are incredible. At Sara
tov, about the river front, may be
met families from Orenburg going
towards the Ukraine, where the
crops did not fail, and then fami
lies from Astrakhan going up river
to some one of the German vil
lages such as Volsk or Baronov.
While there is perfect order in
all Russia, on every hand the in
dividual struggle for life, for daily
food, is bitter and hard. No one
thinks of anyone else. Robbery is
limited, as robbers are shot when
caught, but trickery in small trad
ing is the rule. A warm place to
sleep, something to eat, and cloth
ing, are the beginning and end of
daily life. Children are brushed
aside, ignored or treated like little
animals.
A person invited to a meal will
eat twice what good manners would
permit. He is laying in a stock of
food, building up his body, he fig
ures, for the winter cold. Those
with money are hoarding food. In
some places peasants refuse to seil
bread at any price. They are ;
afraid of the winter famine.
Woman on Trial
For Murder
Orlando. Fla.. Nov. 22 ?Lena M.
T. Clarke, former postmistress at
West Palm Beach, was today placed
on trial charged with the murder of
Fred A. Miltimore, a former em
ployee of the postoffice. Baxter
Patterson, the chauffeur who drove
Miss Clarke to Orlando the day of
the killing. August 1st. was placed
on trial with her.
?-? ? ?
Medicinal Beer
Up To President
Washington, Nov. 22.?The anti- ?
medical beer bill, passed by con- !
sress last week, has been received :
by President Harding and by him
has been referred to the treasury
department for recommendation
;is to its approval.
The State Bor
rows $200,000.00
The State of South Carolina
Is a Havy Borrower in Anti
cipation of Taxes
Columbia, Nov. 22?The state
finance committee, consisting of
Governor Cooper, Sam T. Carter,
state treasurer, and Walter E. Dun
can, comptroller general, "has ne
gotiated another loan for the state
government and the money will in
all probability be borrowed today.
All arrangements have been com
pleted for the borrowing, Governor
Cooper said yesterday, and only the
signing of tlr^ notes is left before
the money will be turned over to
the state's credit.
The amount arranged for is
$200,000, it was said yesterday, and
it is to be borrowed through the
Palmetto National bank of Colum
bia. This sum will bring the total
borrowed this year to $4,000,000.
The general appropriation bill pro
vides that money not to exceed $5,
050,000 can be borrowed in antic!-?
pation of the taxes. Indications
now point to anoth'er loan before
the end of the next legislative ses
sion, but a rush of new tax money
may stave off this additional loan.
Winners in Athletic Contest.
The following named ? boys are
the winners in the- athletic events
of school day at the county fair:;
50 yard dash for boys under 100
pounds?Banks Boykin, Pinewood;
1st; Lin wood Graham, Pinewood,
2nd; Cecil Rodgers, Pisgah, 3rd.
50 yard dash, boys under 135 j
pounds?Douglas Barwick. Pine- -;j
wood, 1st; Eugene Keels, Shiloh
High School. 2nd; Clarence Ged- I
dings. Bethel, 3rd.
100 yard dash, boys unde?-r&0 ?J
pounds?Banks Boykin, PinowoodV *
1st; Jack Newman, Concord, 2nd;
Linwood Graham, Pinewood. 3rd.
100 yard dash, boys under 135
pounds?Douglas Barwick, Pine
wood, 1st; Clarence Geddings".
Bethel, 2nd; Eugene Keels, Shiloh |
High School. 3rd.
Standing broad jump (any rural
??.hool boy)?Clarence Geddings, m
Bethel, 8 feet, 4 1-2 inches, 1st; %
Robert, Binkins, Loring MilL 7 feet,
?i inches, 2nd; Johnnie, Logan,
trinity, 7 feet, 3 inches, 3rd. --^M
Running broad jump?Douglas; >?
Barwick, Pinewood, 15 feet, 4 in:,
1st; Johnnie Logan, Trinity, .14
feet, 10 inches, 2nd; Richard Cain,
Bethel, 14 feet, 3 inches, 3rd. .
Running high jump ? Johnnie
Logan, Trinity, 55 inches. 1st; Clar
ence Geddings, Bethe?, 54 inches,
2nd; Richard Cain, Bethel, 53 in.,
3rd.
Tug of war (boys under 100 |
pounds)?Bethel team composed of
following boys: Ladsen Geddings,
Clifton Geddings, Percy Geddings,
Willard McLeod, Dwight Cain, 1st.
Tug of war (boys- over 100
p?unds)-^^??*)?! team composed
of the ' 'following boys:: 3SS&
Brunson, Hyatt Bmfisc^g^J^tot^^
Brunson, Sam Hodge, Sidney-New
man, 1st.
By allowing three points for first
places, two for second; one for
third, and five for winning tug of
war, the various schools and- indi
viduals participating may be graded
as fallows:
Pinewood, 18 points..:
BetheL!7 points.
Concord, 7 points.
Trinity, 6 points.
Shiloh High School. 3 points.
Loring Mill, 2 points.
Pisgah, 1 point. ..t
Individual honors go to Doug
las Barwick of Pinewood with -9
points, however, he is closely fol
lowed by Clarence Geddings . of
Bethel with 8, while Johnnie Lo
gan of Trinity and Banks Boykin
of Pinewood tie with 6 points each.
The Fair Association gave prise*
of one dollar each to each boy winr ?
ning a first place and to each boy I
on a winning tug of war team.
Printers School Graduates Thirty. |
Macon, Ga., Nov. 21.?Thirty va
cancies were created In publishers*
typesetting school here when dur
ing the past month that number of
students finished the course of: in
struction and went out to accept,
positions. One went to New^ff^-^
leans, one to Texas, and some went
to North Carolina. Kentucky, and
other states.
The course of study that was ar
ranged four months ago, as a re
quirement for each student, was.'v?
sent to owners of monotype, lino
type and intertypes in various parts ^
of the country, and- their opinion
of the practicability of the course
was asked. Some approved it most
heartily; ethers said it was thor
ough, but that it contained re
quirements that no student could
meet within less than two to four
years. Some superintendents of j
printing plans gave this latter opin
ion, based, perhaps, on their experi
ence with the progress of appren
tices. It has been found, however, J|
that nine et of ten of the students
who undertook the course about
four months ago* completed it be
fore the end of the four months. ^
The. Maco'n Educator, a ninthly J
paper printed by the studentsStfidfl
edited by the president of the I
Georgia-Alabama Business College,
is being sent to all who are inter
ested in the work of the school eith- |
er as prospective students or as
former students, or backers.
MRS. JAMES J. HILL DEAD
St. Paul, Nov. 22.?Mrs. James
J. Hill, the widow of the former
president of the Great Northern .
Railway, died at her home here af- *
ter a long illness.
Washington, Nov. 22.?Disord?
marked the beginning of the sen
ate consideration of the conference!
report on the tax bill, reaching a
climax in the unusual procedure of
expunging from the Record.words
used in the clash between Senators
Penrose. of Pennsylvania, and Hef
hn, of Alabama.
Trial by jury is said to have ex
isted in 2/000 B. C.