The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, August 20, 1921, Page PAGE 5, Image 5
Lofcal Warehousing
o?jCotten E ssential
to Economic Handling
Address Delivered June 1,
d921 at the American Cot
fo? ?-Conference, New
York City, by Hon. J.C.
Rivers, Warehouse
Commissioner S. CL
Mr. Chairman and Members :?f the
?, Conference:
In .attempting to address ^ry re
marks, to an audience composed as
it is at .present of those who<aJe^in
terested-vitally in Jhe^welfartf-or-the
country generally, and especially at
this time are directly interested-in
the subject of one ?f the nation's
greatest productions, that is, cot
ton, I am not unmindful of the fact
that I am addressing an audience
composed of students or those who
have made a study of thWneeds
which pertain to this great subject.
First, I wish to say to you; thtft we
can not*consider the subject, which
I.'wish-to approach, withont ' our
minds running back to the farm or
'plantation upon which the produc
tion about which I wish to speak' to
you, coine from. Therefore/ we
find the beginning of this produc
tion tts one of the nation's sources
of eleiiientary wealth, which Is pro
duced by the Southern farmer,'by
hard'and toilsome labor, and'by
; the expenditure of his means and
energy, so that the resultant oro
duetion. becoms a part of his second
nature. There, we see it'. picked
and harvested from his fields, after
a time: of endlss toil and labor, then
ginned and baled and placed in
marketable shape and "condition.
Several, months have lapsed., since
the seeds were placed in the ground
and the.tiny weaklings of plants be
gan tA:JBpring up from the soil, to
the time when the product .from it
comes into his hands ready to go to
market. This length of time has
been one to him of toil and thought,
because, should he relax his vigil
anee,the crop is a failure* and the
amount of his reward in the cotton
he?produces, depends- upon the
amount of. intelligence and f<^re
thought' he has extended in its care
and cultivation; not only that, but
ihe amount of the value ' of his I
N products depends to a great ex-;
tent upon how energetic in getting !
from "the fields his crops, when it.
is ready lor harvestingarid how'
much intelligence he displays in the
proper' handling of same after it is
harvested. ; " J
That, leads to my subject; when j
- the-cotton which he so energetical- |
ly and. intelligently\ has., prepared j
for market, by net allowing it to
remain..'in the. field: . after .:.jk<has j
opened its fleecy locks to nature's
sunshine and rain, to the tiroe when J
it would be-injured^ thereby, and '
is ready for .market, and to go into:
the channels of commerce,-he-fir ".1
v that already hi? neighbors andmaar
neighbors ?engaged- in . like calling
are ready with theirs; ,:and? that1
along^^ith' him; they arfe p*aeing?a
. 12"m??nthsr and " soi?etlmes more,;
consumption of material on *the
market'?ih' be taken' care it>f by*
somebody ^within a period of two
or th?*e*" months.' Consechiently,
his creditors are calling hitnf-*for
his accounts, his family needs "at-.
tentic^,' which require m^hey 'whfch
he 'jxpects to'obtain frojp hS'year's
work.' To sell'is to sacrifice and if'
he carries his' production 1 or crop
home* ihe' has no piace to tfuir it,
away^from the exposure of the ele
ments ordeterioration*?nd;h? place
to store in where he can convert it
. into collateral to meet his immedi-;
ate needs. This is where warehous- I
lng comes in and I wish to,say that
theory and fhe opiniqp of those who
are ' not familiar with the r actual
conditions that prevail are very
much, at variance with the* actual
facts.; i t '*
It seems that all the talk of ? ware
housing cotton emanates from the
dealer's viewpoint. Ths-t is, all the
cotton grown is assembled at a ?*w
concentration points, immediately
after it is taken- from the. fields.
Such- is not the case, nor can it<be,
because of the great -volume-of the
crop, and the extremely short 'per
iod of "picking and ginning *which
renders that an impossibility in'so
short "a space of time. It caw not be
so assembled and concentrated in eo
large an amount, in time to prevent
damage by loss and exposure-' to
climatic-conditions, therefore, we
have the charge of 75 millions of
dollars to the" crop as a result of
weather, waste by country damage,
andSvhich, to my mind, is very well
founded. In order to prevent this
enormous waste and loss, from con
ditions^ which can not be prevented,
the farm or community warehouse
must be stressed and its importance
brought to the front in any scheme
that can be devised to prevent such
a loss. . As I have said before^ the
cotton which the farmer produces,
on account of the enormous amount
of toil, and expense he has incurred
In Its production, is a part of hi8
being,: and, therefore, he refuses to I
part with the physical'control of
his identical bales, until such time
as he converts the same into actual
cash. And before he will ship it
away from his comVnunity to be
placedTln the melting pot for stor
age, he will either sell the same on
on overloaded and glutted mar
ket, ?ttd ^thereby add to the bad
conditions an x further depress1 the
price, even if his cotton is not dis
tress c?ttoa, as we call it In 'the
South,"?r he will carry It back to
his farm and allow it to lay around
his premises unprotected from
weather and fire. In my state, we
are stressing the importance of the
farm or community warehouse to
take care of such cotton, where the
grower, under his own direction,
can store his cotton until such time
as the^n^arket conditions will justi
fy the selling of his product and
where'ne can have properly graded
and weighed the cotton before it is
stored.. .tinder such conditions, the j
product does not deteriorate, the
pales although having probably
been stored for six or eight months,
have been found to be in good
shape, the fibre has not deteriorat
ed, but has rather improved, and it
can, from there, be taken to the
mills for manufacturing, or to the
centralizing points for compressing
and be there prepared for exporting
to foreign countries. The f>rm or
community warehouse, gentlemen,
Is to my mind, the solution of the
problem of country <damage. Let's
quit talking so much about large,
well equipped, sprinklered, storage
houses for cotton. Those who deal
in cotton, after it leaves the farm
er's control, will look after that:
but rather, to my mind, is the prob
lem of caring for the cop before
it goes on the market. T.';e perfec
tion of the warehouse receipt, for
cotton stored in the name of the
producer, by systems of checking,
grading, proper authority in issuing,
so that the grower can realize on
the cotton to some extent, for his
needs upon the crop he has produc
ed. This will be an incentive to him
jto care for the products and pre
serve it from the fearful toll he Is
now paying by reason of the cotton
not -being stored on the farm or in
the community in which we never
can expect to be stored if we de
per.d upon the grower taking it!
great distances away from his,
farm, losing the identity of his pro- j
duct and all the control and say- j
so in its care. The spot dearer can
and does make arrangements to
care for the cotton he purchases.
The cotton mill people very prop
erly provides for the care of their
stock of raw cotton. The export
ers and compress people as a gen
eral proposition have plenty of
warehouse space, but the farmer
'and grower of cotton, situated as
i he is, and must of necessity be,
jaway from large reserve supplies of
j water, >. and not fitted with
elaborate fire apparatus at his place
of business, must depend upon tak
ing care of his products which is
gathered, if gathered in time to
save loss or damage in the fields,
and in a space of six or eight
weeks, on the farm on which it was
grown or in ' its immediate com
munity. Otherwise loss from
country damage will be the in
evitable result, because it is a phy
sical impossibility to get enough of
it sold or otherwise collected togeth
er to prevent a great percentage of
it from damaging in hands of the
grower, within the time it will take
the market to absorb it and the
consumers of the world to use it.
We have, therefore, figured in our
minds, when speaking or thinking
of cotton, and the loss resulting to
it from country damage, as if it
were an all the year crop, when the
facts are, that cotton is harvested,
if taken at its best, ia a very short
space of time, and is then either
sold within the time by the produc
er,. thus overload Ing the market
with excessive offerings and with
deflated values, or else must be j
shipped away from the community J
to be thrown into, the melting :pot
of large: storage* ^systems, and< in >
most cases the identity of the aotu
a1 bales are i lostr-Kjostiftg : freight,
?rayage and storage charges, which
'in most cases, the grower can not
understand. . Theae are the acutal
facts as applied to the condition of
cotton growers. These are the
reasons .why a penalty is i placed on
this great commodity for waste and
coil nt ty damage ? an d unt? ? w e: oga
out among the glowersbaaidushew
them and help them to storf and
care for their crops on their own
larm, or *n their own community,
help them to get their crop in such
shape that the receipt theiefor will
go current in the money markets as
good collateral, throw around them
the safeguards of the law, and gtod
business principles, we may expect
to find the same loss from country
damage as now prevails. For I say
to you. that they will not part with
the physical control of their sweat
and toil into strange hands and
suspicious environments for stor
age, preferring rather the loss it
sustains under his own 4,Vin*j and
Fig Tree," or selling and taking the
loss on a depressed niarket.
? ? ?
Keeping Good Roads
Road Patrolling Better Than
Repair Gang System
The road patrol system used in
Grant County, Wash., is pointed out
by the United States Department of
Agriculture as an illustration of
how highways can be maintained
most successfully and economically.
Other counties in the States use
the "gang" system, assigning to
each gang a long section, upon
which they make repairs at inter
vals, seldom reaching all the neces
sary points. In Grant the plan is
to prevent a road from getting into
bad condition rather than to make
repairs.
There are 13 patrol sections, each
from G to 10 miles, in the 87.83
miles of county highways. Each
section is in charge of a patrolman,
who works constantly on his piece
of road, feeling that he alone is
responsible for its condition. While
these men work under the direction
of the county engineer, the details
are left largely to their judgment.
A specially constructed light road
machine, called locally a "road fix
er," is used. It has a long wheel
base and two .cutting blades rigidly
connected with the carrying frame
of the machine. The rear wheels
are on separate axles, controlled
by separate levers. The patrolman
carries the necessary small tools for
clearing weeds, trimming should
ers, cleaning ditches, and for hand
ling surfacing material. He makes
his own repairs in the county re
pair shop under the direction of a
skilled mechanic
The annual cost of this system,
states the Bureau of Public Roads,
averages $223 a mile, which is less
than other counties pay when
roads receive attention "only when
the., need it." Grant County has
graveled roads second to none In
the State, and its people are en
thusiastic supporters of the patrol
system.
Wonder who paid the world's
bills before Columbus discovered
us??Nashville Tennessean.
Turks Fight For
Freedom
Nationalist Party Determined
to Drive Out Greeks and
Rule Homeland
Angora, Asia Minor, July 11.?
The Kcmalist government, with
the aid of its army, is determined to
solve the Near East problems it
self; a fact to which the Allied
western powers are said to be blind.
This is the chief impression
which the Associatped Press corre
spondent received on a trip of hun
dreds of miles by sea and land from
effete, befuddled Constantinople to
the clear atmosphere of this little
city, situated on a wide plateau,
where the Nationalists have pitch
ed their political tents.
The stranger, putting his foot on
the soil of Nationalist Anatolia,
feels a new air. It is not-a privilege
extended to all and sundry but once
good faith has been established, the
doors of primitive hospitality are
opened wide, and the stranger may
do what he will or go where he
pleases.
Re-visiting the interior after two
years, when the Natinoalist govern
ment had just received its baptism
by the declaration of rights of the
Turkish people at Sivas, the corre
spondent found the same gray, be
flowered, treeless distances, the
same toiling peasants, the same
dull villages and towns. But the
air is charged with a new purpose.
The correspondent saw Mustapha
Kemal Pasha, Halide Hanum, the
woman Nationalist leader, and oth
er personaliities with whom he
talked at length two years ago. To
day, they make the same declara
tions as then; they are fighting for
their homeland and for national
existence; they will have nothing
less.
They are also close students of
American history; they compare
their war to America's struggle for
independence. "What boots pov
erty or ill-clad soldiery, if the heart
be right and the cause be just?"
they ask. /
The correspondent put the
Question bluntly to Mustapha Ke
mal, to Yussuf Kemal Bey, his
Minister for Foreign Affairs and to
other leaders. "Are you not un
sportsmanlike to organize yoursel
ves for the purpose of beating a
just peace after you were whipped
in the great war?"
The answer came: "No. We have
given up Syria and Mesopotamia.
We have left these former Ottoman
countries to their own destinies.
What further penalty should we
pay for our defeat?"
It is the intention of the Nation
alist Turks to live or die on the
issue of national independence arid
the integrity of the soil inhabited
by :Turks with no interference from
foreigners.
IAS regards Bolshevism, it is ap
parent that the Turks are securing
arms.and a certain amount of as
sistance from that direction; yet
they are as afraid of Bolshevik con
tact as western Europe is. The
Turks do not desire any' political
foreign control from any direction.
' The intention is to drive out the
'Ore'eks and then to retake Constan
tm?pTe, make'it their comrrfercial
capital airrd begin rebuilding Tur
key on the basis of good roads, ed
ucation, and export trade.
Today, they are refusing to is
sue Nationalist p?per money, for
fear of debasing the old currency.
The Turks declare that the Na
tionalist movement, which has
historically been going on for half
: a century but has been smothered
by the greed of sultans and pashes
is destined to live.
The Roaming Fad.
New York, Aug. 9.?The roaming
complex, sometimes called the
wanderlust, has become epidemic
among Eastern girls of debutante
years. Not a few of them are
tramping across the continent this
summer, gathering an occasional
"lift" from kindly automobile
tourists and walking the rest of the
way. Socalled sensible shoes, khaki
trousers and the will to work when
the purse becomes emaciated char
acterizes most of them.
Some of these Eastern girls de
clare they find the West safer for
young women than New York City.
Rebecca Brownstein and Myra Le
vine, former students of Syracuse
University who recently hiked from
the Pacific to their home here,
praised Western men so highly that
many mothers began praying that
their dear daughters would not get
any of "these crazy ideas of walk
ing across the country" into their
heads.
Florence Rosen and Gladys Zim
merman of New York, reached Los
Angeles a few days ago after a long
tramp across the continent, brok
en by jobs of stretching octaves on
typewriters wherever funds ran
low. They like dthe open air life
so well that they Immediately began
saving up for a return trip.
? ? ?
Aviator Completed Dive From
Aeroplane Over Lake Junaluska.
Lieut. B. R. China, of Sumter,
known as "Fearless Scotty" com
pleted successfully and without in
jury, a 150 foot leap from an aero
plane speeding at the rate of 112
miles iVer hour yesterday afternoon
owr I^n.k?> .Tun.aluska. It was stat
ed last night that Lieut. China suf
fered severe bruises when he land
ed and was for several minutes
practically unconscious. He was
picked up by a speed boat and
<iuickly carried to the shore.
Harry L. Runser, of Runser and
Turner, owners of the plane, was
pilot of the machine am1 it was
stated that he failed to steer as
close to the water as was intended,
in order not to disappoint the wait
ing throng the aviator tried the
stunt at the height and was suc
cessful. It was considered to be a
remarkable feat and he was hear
tily applauded.
Bleeding the
Credulous
Fortune Tellers and Other
Fakers Prosper in Germany
Berlin, July 26.?The business of
making a living by playing upon
the credulity and ignorance of the
people, which has been developed
into a skillful and lucrative profes
sion in Germany during the past
two years, now is practiced l>y
thousands of men and women, the
majority of whom are living lux
uriously in Berlin, recent investi
gations have disclosed.
The investigations grew out of
the unusual number of "mysteri
ous advertisements" which have
been appearing in virtually all the
provincial newspapers and showed
that graphologists, hypnotists, as
trologers and "the apostles of per
sonal magnetism" were reaping by
financial rewards.
There are 500 persons in Berlin
engaged in the Occupation of inter
preting t heS stars, at a few marks
per head and they are reported very
busy. Their clients are drawn
from the poorer classes, many of
whom canot afford to buy suffici
ent food for themselves and de
pendents and have turned to the
fortune-tellers in an effort to learn
if the future holds out any hope for
them.
More than 1,000 persons are
making a living here by interpreta
tion of hand-writing, claiming to be
able to read character and forecast
the future. Many of them are said
to be uneducated and hardly able
to read any kind of writing. Their
customers are chiefly women and
girls.
The "doctors" ?"-f hypnotism and
"magnetism" recruit their patrons
from all classes of society, a large
percentage being the rich and the
idle who are seeking entertainment,
or simply are experimenting. It is
asserted that among the students
of "hypnotism" there are also
many questionable characters,
working under the impression that
a knowledge of the occult will help
them in picking pockets or robbing
rich householders.
A number of charlatans have
infringed on old American patents
and, after advertising that they
have the secret of making a million
marks in a few minutes?a secret
they will sell from five to 50 marks
?and having received the five or
the 50 marks they send back the
curt formula: "Make it as we do."
All of the patrons of the Berlin
professional fortune-tellers or
"strengtheners of will-power" are
not natives, for it has been ascer
tained that some of the "profes
sors" enjoy a wide reputation and
have recruited customers from the
wealthy, but "weak" or wanting; of
Denmark, Austria, Hungary and
Poland.
Record Cut in Cotton Acreage.
Time was when a 5 to 10 per
cent change in the national acreage
of a dominant crop was considered
rare if not extraordinary. Well,
here are the 10 leading cotton
states of this country going 4m
record with a cut to 10,104,000
acres or 2S per cent from last
year's acreage.
The states affected include Ala
bama, the Carolinas. Tennessee,
Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Geor
gia, Oklahoma and Mississippi. This
is not all. These states are also re
ducing their tobacco crop 262,
000 acres, or 32 per cent, while
rice is cut 450,000 acres, or 19 per
cent, making a total reduction of
all three crops of no less than 10,
906,000 acres.
With the gradual approach of
business to normal, and the large
and insistent demand for cotton,
which will go hand in hand with
it, cotton at $125 per bale is going
to be a scarce as hen's teeth one
of these days.
?? ?
Yes, It Was True.
"Is it true that you threw some
thing at Mike that caused the
swelling over his eye?" the squire
inquired of a little wiry Irishwo
man who appeared one day, sobb
ing as if her heart would break.
"Yis, sor, I did," said the wo
man, catching her breath, "but I
nivor mint to lurt him, an* well he
kno%s it! We'd just come home
from me cousin's weddin' and I
was feelin' kinder soft to Mike, an'
1 up an' axed him if Ijie loved me
as much as he did the day we
was married; an'?an'?yer anner,
he was so slow answering me that
I up wid the mop and hit him wid
it. If we poor women don't have
love our hearts jist breaks inside
uv us!"
Mrs. Otey Entertain??.
Mrs. Otey entertained the Wed
nesday Morning Bridge Club yester
day in honor of the guest Mrs. Auld
of Eostover. After the game a
delicious course with iced tea was
served.
The first prize, a dainty piece of
lingerie, was won by Mrs. Guy
Battle. The guest of honor was al- j
so presented with a similar prize.
Mrs. Otey's guests were: Mes
dames Martin. Platt. Aughtry, Boy
kin, Moore. Beddingfield. Morrison,
Courtwright. Battle, Korn, J. J.
Williams, Riley. Lynam. Stansill.
Auld. Cole of Char-eston, Miss
Gregg.
- ? ? ? ?
CONSCIENCE MONEY
New York. Aug. 17.?A con
science-stricken mother who. in
1016, travelled from New York to
Chicago with a child between 5
and 12 years old for whom she
paid no fare, has just sent a money
order for $9.55 to J. F. Shinn, gen
eral passenger agent of the Erie
Railroad here.
Desiring to clear her mind of
"the wrongful act." the woman told
h?-r pastor, the Rev. W. S. Hich
cock of Negaunee, Mich., and ask
ed him to ascertain the amount
due the railroad, with interest. This
was done and the amount was for- I
warded and acknowledged by W.
J. Moody, treasurer of the com
pany.
, HEAD OF ANTI-BOL
SHEVIK GOVERNMENT
i Tokio, July 2\.? S. Merkulov.
chairman of the new anti-Bolshe
vik government which gained con
trol of Vladivostok late in Mas
last, is: a peasant's son of the Amur
district. Ih> received his education
at the gymnasium and the univer
sity, and is a graduate of the fac
ulty of Natural Science and Law.
After completing his education
he studied conditions in tix> Far
East. Merkulov is considered an
authority in Far Eastern matters
and has published many works on
economic questions.
? + ?
South Carolina Poppies for a New
York Memorial Day.
(By Julia Lester Dillon, Sumter,
S. C.)
The soil in the park is a very j
light sandy loam with a clay sub- |
soil about three feet underneath. I
The sand is so porous that no wa
ter is held in it. In the spring of !
1920, shrubbery beds were pre
pared by digging down to this clay
subsoil and removing much of the j
top sand. Then a layer of stable j
manure, mostly fresh because that j
was all that was available, was
placed in the trench and the sandy
topsoil was replaced. This made
as nearly ideal a shrubbery foun
dation as was possible under the
circumstances.
In November the only prepara
tion for the Poppy seed was to
clear away all grass and weeds and
rake the ground> smooth. Tnis
was done in the foreground of an
evergreen shrubbery border and
the seed of mixed Shirley Poppies
sown broadcast on, November 15,
the bed about three feet wide.
They were then left absolutely
alone all winter; they were not
even weeded or thinned out. Oth
jer work on the street trees kept
the men busy and it was not until
the first week of .April that they
came back. Then the Poppy buds
were beginning to open. Weeds
were pulled out of the border but
no thinning was done. On April
9 a lawn party was given in the
park in order that the women !
might see and enjoy the Poppies. I
Never were any flowers more j
enjoyed by a whole town than
were those from the 250 feet of
border and from one-half ounce
of seed. They were cut daily by
hundreds. Little children, old
men, pretty girls, studry boys,
charming women and negro work
men came to the Memorial Park
for Poppies. No one was turned
away empty handed.
The flowers went to the schools,
they brightened countless homes,
they graced receptions, they were
placed on the altars of the
churches, they softened the harsh
ness of new-made graves, and j
they gave pleasure to numberless !
visitors.
Many boxes of buds were sent to
Augusta with no other preparation j
j for shipment than wrapping inj
waxed*paper immediately after cut- j
{ting. One friend wrote, "When j
the box of Poppy buds came on
Sunday, they wefe a mystery. On
Monday, the opening calyxes and
unfolding petals were an ecstasy. !
On Tuesday they are the glory of j
the whole house. I thank you for j
remembering me in so colorful a J
way." One box sent ^ on Monday
furnished decorat ions for a party
on Friday and were the wonder and
admiration of all the guests.
On June 3 the plants were pull
ed up and thrown out having giv
en eight consecutive weeks of |
beauty.
The seed being of mixed colors
it was impossible to say what
ratio of blossoms were red; from
one-third to one-half possibly
would be the right proportion
but they were all of such dainty,
exquisite colaring and the texture
was so fine that they were like but
terflies or fairy flowers in the gar- j
den as well as in the rooms.
Readers of the Exchange have!
read that a poorly packed ship- j
ment of the buds reached the of- j
fice of The Florists' Exchange on
'Thursday night after being on the
way since Monday. On Friday, !
May 27. 585 buds were cut and
sent to New York florists, hoping
there would be some scarlet ones
for Memorial Day, May 30.
They were cut with long stems,
dipped in boiling water, securely
wrapped in bundles of twenty-five,
and should have been in New York
Saturday night. Instead, the flor
ist wrote, "Poppies received at 9
a. m. Monday in perfect condition.
Sened bill for any and all expense."
Think of it, the American Le
gion flowers, grown in a Memorial
Park in Sumter, S.. C, helped to
make the New York Legionnaires
glad on Memorial Day. Inciden
tally it proved that Poppies grown
in the south, blossoming for weeks
before the 3oth of May can be
sent to the Northern florists for the
occasion.
Will someone say where seed of
scarlet Shirley Poppies may be se
cured? Another year when Me
morial Day orders come, it must
not be necessary to mark the box,
"Colors not guaranteed."
We would like to have red ones
enough for all planted in masses
by themselves, and also the love
ly delicate shades for other uses
and other borders.
We are not aware of any firm
offering Shirley Poppies to color,
although we believe some seed
growers grow them separately and |
blend them afterward.
There are, however, seedsmen
who list the scarlet English ri.-ld
Poppy which, as is well known. ,
was, through selecting a chance
bloom with a white base, develop
ed into the strain we know as !
Shirley, by Rev. W IVIIks in his j
vicarage garden at Shirley, Sng
land.
-? o ?
Lost time and wear and tear on
cars and trucks in- heavier taxes
than K'uxl roaas would entail.
A one-ton truck or a two mule
team docs double duty on a good
Whaley Decides
Against Richardson
Hold Over Chief of Police of I
Columbia Ousted by Court
Order
Columbia, Aug. 13.?In a lengthy
decree by Judge M. S. Whaley, of
the Riehland county court, handed
down this evening, Fred S. Strick
land, chief of city detectives, elect
ed last Tuesday by the Columbia
Municipal Council as chief of po
lice, was declared legally elected
and John W. Richardson, incum
bent, who has held the office for
nearly rven years, was ordered to
vacate. The transfer of authority
took place tonight at 7:05 o'c lock.
The former chief of police
through his attorney gave notice
of appeal shortly after the decree
was tiled and wrote a letter to the
members of council advising them
that, although legally he could hold
on until his appeal was adjudicat
ed, yet he would deliver his office,
reserving, however, all his rights.
He contends that he is still chief
of the police department.
Chief Richardson was defeated
for reelection last Tuesday by a
vote of 4 to 1 and he immediately
took the matter into the courts, se
curing a temporary injunction, re
turnable yesterday.
Judge Whaley, in Iiis decree held
that the commission form of gov
ernment act, under which Columbia I
operates, is constitutional and that \
an ordinance passed several years j
ago limiting terms of office under j
the Civil Service Commission was
in conformity to the statute law.
The contention entered by the re
tiring chief was that he could not
be ousted from office without trial,
for charges, sustained by a major
ity of council and the Civil Ser
vice commission acting in conjunc
tion, while the members of council
advanced the plea that the law
never contemplated an indetermin
ate continuation in office, but, if it
did it was violative of the consti
tution.
The litigation was the result of
a fight between the retiring chief)
of police, and William A. Coleman, j
councilman, extending over a pe
riod of two years, in which Mr.
Coleman has been indefatigable in
his efforts to have Chief Richard
son dismissed from the force.
Trees With a History.
Carson City, Nev. Aug. 9.?Un
veiling a monument near here,
the Native Sons of California on
Sunday ?will mark ?ne site of the
"Kit Carson Tree."
The California tree, a pine or.
which iKt Carson carvecL his name
in 1S44 when acting as a guide to I
Col. Fremont, has been' given a I
place in the Hall ot Fame for trees I
with a history by the American]
Forestry Association, following its!
nomination by F. N. Fletcher ""of;
Carson City, Nevada.
It was on this trip that Col/j
Fremont discovered "Lake Tahoe. j
The pine was in a pass through the
Sierra Nevada mountains. The j
tree was cut down in 18S8 by Wil
liam Thornburg and J. F. O'Gor
man, the association's data shows,
and the trunk with Carson's name
cut in it was moved to Sutler's
Fort, where it may now b seen.
A full account of the tree's history
has been st aled up in a container
in the monument by Native Sons.
The hickory tree that grew in
the fireplace of the Kansas log cab
in of John Brown of Osawatomie
and Harper's Ferry has been nom
inated for a place in the I lall of
Fame by Miss Eleanor M. Free
man of Seattle, Wash'. In IS75
Miss Freeman's father visited the |
John Brown farm, accompanied
by a son-in-law of Brown. Only
th? log foundation of the cabin
was left but from the fireplace was
growing a hickory tree which Mr.
Freeman trimmed and from a
branch made a cane, which his
daughter now has.
From Guilford College, N. C,
has come the nomination of the
New Garden Oak lr> Mark C. Mills.
This oak saw history made in the
Revolutionary War and near it the
grandfather of Joseph O. Cannon
is buried. "Uncle Joe" was born
at Guilford, May 7, 1X36. In nom
inating the New Garden Oak Mr.
Mills says:
"After the battle of Guilford
Court House. March 15, 17S1. near
what is now Greensboro. North
Carolina, both General Green and
Lord Cornwallis withdrew, leaving
their wounded. These were cared
for by the people of the Quaker
settlement of New Garden, four
miles and a half southwest of the
battleground. Soldiers that died
were buried in the shade 4^what
is now a magnificent old'"?white
oak. Here in recent years has been
erected a simple monument."
? ? -c
There are two kinds, of cops:
those who use their clubs prompt
ly and freely, and those who are
afraid.?Baltimore Sun.
? ?? ? .
New York is deeply mortified
that it didn't recognize the dollar!
mark when it saw it.?Philadelphia j
Record.
? ? ?
The very young thing who has j
been wearing skirts that came well
below her knees will soon be old
enough to get her hair cut.?Wil
mington (N. C.) Star.
Groesbeck. Texas. Aug. 16.? Alex
Winn. a negro. was hanged al j
Datura by an armed mob after an
axtitck on :i while erirl.
? ?>> ? ? -
New York, Aug. II. -Six auto- J
mobile bandits today held up u j
ticket office of the elevated rail
road and escaped with the mods.
The new pay as you enter eabi
tu ; for checking parcels and bags
at the A. C. L. station are a real
convenience and we wonder why j
sonn- one didn't think of them long j
ago.
?
Time is money. Good rands <
make bigger loads and f. wer trips !
Save 50 Per
Cent of Teeth
Milwaukee Dentist Says Prop
er Treatment Will Save
' hem
Milwaukee, || g. is? More than
50 per cent oi^he teeth now be
ing extracted tfifild be saved by
proper treatm??t, Dr. J. F. Bid
dle of the Uni g^sity of Pittsburgh
told the NatioEtl Dental Associa
tion here toda\i|a
"Teeth are i(g many eases the
source of bodil?ailments and their
extraction has gin some instances
resulted in cur?8 svhch seem almost
miraculous," 1-1 Biddle said.
"However we must not lose sight
of the fact that many times teeth
are sacrificed with the hope of cur
ing almost every disease known to
science.
"Undobutedly abscessed or pulp
less teeth shoul i not be permitted
to remain in the mouth if they
cannot be put in a healthy condi
tion. On the other hand all teeth
in whi? h pulps have been remov
ed should not be condemned."
Proper treatment which Dr. Bid
die said would save half the teeth
being pulled consisted of "infinite
care on the part of the operator,
strict observance of approved
methods of sterilisation, the verify
ing of results by ^jthe X-ray, and
follow-up by examination and X
ray at regular intervals."
May Mean Cheap- *
er Fertilizer
Extract Phosphoric Acid in
Oil-Burning Furnace
With the installation of a new
high-temperature oil-burning fur
nace now being installed on the ex
perimental farm at Arlington, Va.,
the Bureau of Soils, United States
department of agriculture, will con
tinue investigations into the ex
traction of phosphoric acid for fer
tilizer from phosphoric rock by the
application of heat.
Experimental runs with an old
furnace several months ago appar
ently demonstrated the practicabil
ity of the new method developed by
department scientist? of separating
th? phosphoric acid. The present
commercial metnod is by the ap
plication o' sulphuric acid to
ground phosphate rock. It is not
practicable for low-grade rocks and
makes necessary the shipment of a
large proportion of inert material
with the phosphate. Early experi
ments in separation by heat were
made with electric furnaces, but
the expense seemed a serious: ob
stacle to the introduction of the
new- method. It was found, how
ever, >:thet sthte petroleum-burning
furM.Kle ooutd be made to-do th^
work-ttt.anjlflh) less, expense. *
?Experiments will be continued
'with %\\view. to. establishing, methods
which {will ^permit; the use of much
phosphate roek which now,goes to
waste, and also to a material reduc
tion in freight rates on commercial
fertilizers.
tfl.i-rr? -?? ? ? ,-f.
COTTQN \ CHOP, CONDITION
.SfTitSlO
'.OA''kttjAi?s*6binmerci?l Appeal)
Reports to the Commercial Ap
peal of the average date of Aug. 11
indicate that about normal deteri
oration of the cotton crop has oc
curred since July 25.
Deterioration in Texas, South
Carolina and Georgia has been rap
id and severe, but the crop of the
central, belt is in relatively good
condition. ^. H
Temperatures have been rather
high throughout most of the belt.
Georgia complains mostly of too
much rain, while the trouble in Tex
as and Oklahoma and over consid
erable areas of N'orth Carolina was
drouth. Hot winds caused fruiting \
to be retarded In Oklahoma and
some plants- were killed, but dam
age still more serious, caused by
hot winds, occurred in Texas.
Notwithstanding many draw
backs, the crop of Central and
North Texas appears to be in fairly
satisfactory condition. The ex
tremely hot winds in Texas, judging
from reports, did not check the boll
weevil activity to the extent that
might have been expected. Boll
w<?rms are also complained of. Wet
weather in Georgia was favorable
for weevil activity.
The crop in Arkansas seems to
be doing well, although deteriora
tion, due mostly to boll weevil, has
been severe in some localities,
while drouth caused further dam
age in others.
Fruiting, it ii reported, has been
fair to good, 3; I most sections re
port a fairly ?^?d bottom crop al
ready assuredJjfrut many state that i
this is about d? the crop that will
!??? made. m
Cultivation gas excellent, and
this has been v big fac tor in the
progress of the crop thus far.
The future of the erop is prob
ably more dependent upon bolt wee
vil than of any other one thing.
Dry \v?-uther to the point of dam
age from drouth, it seems, is re
garded as the most favorable con
dition for the crop from this time |
forward. This would hasten ma
turity and probably also check wee
vil.
Fields as a role are clean, labor
is plentiful an the plant healthy
looking. f
Tin- above r*?ort is based upon
replies receives from correspond
ents of The Sommercial Appeal,
covering 7S2 -. untes and parishes j
in l" principal cotton producing
states.
Marri:'?a?e License.
Unite:
Willar E. Brunson, Sumter and
.Marie Martin, Blshopville.
Colored:
Dewey Bowman and Janie Finch.
; Jadsden.
Robert Commande' and George
mna Dingle. Borden.
Jeff Blanding and Rosa McCants,
Sumter.
COTTON MARKET
NEW YORK COTTON.
Yetdys
Open High Low Close Close
Jan 13.27 13.48 13.12 13.45 13.22
Men 13.43 13.72 13.38 13.72 13.43
May 13.52 13.84 13.50 13.84 13.5$
Oct 12.85 12.99 12.69 12.98 12.78
Dec 13.24 13.43 13.12 13.41 13.19
Spots 20 up; 13.00
NEW ORLEANS COTTv
Y'st'dy's,
Open High , Low Close Close
Jan 12.82 13.07 12.70 13.04 12.78
Mch 12.92 13.23 12.88 13.23 12.95
May 13.08 13.35 13.08 13.35 .13.08
Oct 12.30 12.58 12.22 12.56 12.32
Dec 12.71 12.97 12.60.12.95 12.70 "
Spots unchanged; 12.00
LIVERPOOL COTTON
Close: Jan 8.74; Mch 8.81; May
8.83; July 8.83; Oct 8.66; Dec 8.73. .
Sales 6.000.
Rects 12,000 ?i-LMi?
Amn 11,800
Mids 8.41; G. M. 9.21
COTTON LETTER
New Orleans, ?ug. 18.?-Fros
pects for further rains in Texas .
having faded away indications
pointing to the continuance of hot.
dry weather there for balance of
this week, probably higher tem
peratures market recovered some
what today.
Private crop accounts -remain
generally very unfavorable with ad
vices from central and eastern por
tions of the belt becoming worse -
owing too much^ rain and damage
by weevil.
A well posted man in central
Texas is of the opinion that the,
average condition of the Texas crop
today is about 50 vs 62 last mpnth ..
when a yield of only 2,443,000 bales .
were indicated for Texas against
4,326,000 last year.
There is the probability of the.
next government crop estimate
pointing to total yield for the en
tire belt of only about 7,500,000 va
8,203,0000 one month ago and 13.
366,000 bales last year.
In that event the indicated pro
| daction for this season would be
j nearly 6,000,000 bales smaller than
[last year's crop. In that event
j there is the possibility of a com-"'
j parative scarcity of cotton "next"
j summer providing the world takes
(about 12,500,000 bales of American
j this season, which it is expected to
; do as the probable carryover of*
American cotton at the close of
July 1922 would be about 4,694,
000 bales vs 9,194,000 this year.
Whenever the carryover by the -"
world falls to abeut 5,000,000.bales,
such a surplus in the world, which, '
includes mill stocks, etc., through-'
out the world, is considered small.
During the war, it dropped to about "
i 4,000,000 the smallest for many
j years and a famine^was threaten
j ed and only averted by the South
increasing its acreage the follow- ?
ing year.
I Now tthe acreage is th? smallest p
I in about sixteen years' and for this
I reason and-because of weevil 'be!?$^|
i widespread and the use offertilizer ?
limited to only about 50 per cent
of one year ago, prospects are for..
the shortest crop in 26 years or -
since 1895. .
I This stubborn market in failing
; to respond as yet to bullish situa- ,
tion is likened to a balking horse
hard to move but when started, <
usually runs away. : <>?---.
? ? *
Government Weekly Weather and
Crop Condition Report,
Texas?Cotton deteriorated on ac?. ,
count of hot dry weather causing
shedding and premature opening.
Picking made excellent progress.
Condition of cotton fairly satisfac?
tory in much of the northern and
I central portions but elsewhere gen
| erally very poor. Weevil decrea!?f *
ing, damage still moderate in east
and south.
! Oklahoma?Rainfall moderate to
heavy in northern and mostly light
in southern portion, favorable for
cotton and improvement general.
Weevil activity decreasing. Condlr "
tion satisfactory to excellent In
northern and very poor to rather
poor in southern portion.
Georgfa?Cotton not much, im
proved, large weed, but poorly
fruited, top crop very poor. Picking
progressing in south.
A labama?Progress of cotton
ranged from deterioration to. satis
factory advanee. Condition from
very poor to very good. Consider
able shedding in many sections.
Weevil numerous and causing con
siderable damage in many sections,
serious damage in some sections.
Sveral bales of this years' crop
marketed during week.
Mississippi?Cotton made satis
factory progress in the north cen-. ?
tral portion but poor progress else
where. Weevil causing moderate to
eonsidrable damage in the south ?
and slight to moderate damage in ????
the north.
Arkansas?Unfavorable for cot>
ton progress poor, considerable ?
damage by weevil and shedding
badly in places due to cloudy rainy ?
weather. Bolls beginning to open
in south. Moderate deterioration oc
curred in most portions.
South Carolina.?Growth of cot
ton very good but general condition ?
and fruitage poor on account of
extensive to serious weevil damage
except in north. Early bolls open
ing more generally in centrat a ad '
southern portions.
North Carolina?Cotton made
very good progress doing well in
south but doing poorly, or at a
standstill or failing in north, on a.c- .
count of drouth.
Tenessee?Progress and condi
tion of cotton generally very good.
Florida?Cotton favorably af
fcted by light precipitation and
warm weather. Opening rapidly
progress and condition very good
? xcept rather poor in much of the
northern sections where weevK .
more active.
Louisiana?Condition of cotton
mostly poor to fair some com
plaints of rank growth with few
bolls. Weevil causing considerable
damage in some localities*