Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Tilt: SI MTl It WATCHMAN, Kstablls CONSOLIDATED AUG. 2, If RAILROAD MO NOPLY AT WORK Efforts Made to Re-establish Unfare Rate SOUTHERN J?ORTSI SUFFER If Discriminary Rates Are Re? established in Favor of North? ern Ports Washington. Jan 9.?Word has IQgjOhad Washington through authori? tative channel* that a concerted plan to smash existing export freight rates from th?* west ami middle west to Mouth Atlantic und Gulf ports bus been uncovered. The effect ot abol tBhyiK th ? present railroad rutcs would not only be detrimental, it is claimed, to shippers north ot the Ohio river and east of the Mississippi, but would Staat the commercial hopes of orts on the Uult ard South Atlantic coast und restore the blight that rest? ed upon them for llfty yean follow? ing the cl\ il war. Evl b e of plans hf eastern trunk line rallrcuds to move in concert against the present export rates has been producid in th* form of a let? ter frjm u president of one of the large eaatern trunk lines which tups the middle west. The existing export rates, put into effect by the now evtl tct L'nlteu .utes railrot.d udminlsjration in December, 191?, for 'he first tune in more than half a century put the South Atlantic und Cult ports on un trial footing with the North Atluntlc ports, and resulted In the upbuilding of ten points of outlet in the south and southwest for American shipping originating in the Middle West and West. AS a result of the railroai admin? istration's action which w ;%ed out the theretofore existing discrtmtnu tory. and In many cases prohibitive, ex-port rates from wlddlewestern and wostera points to South Atlantic and ?u'.f ports, tho freight congestion at New Vork ami other North Atlantic ports, which for a time threatened '.he success of America's war activ? ities, was relieved and for the first -Jane in fifty years manufacturers in u territory producing more than sixty per cent of tho manufactured pro duets of the country were given the I t'ption of touting their export goods through >ny Atlantic gateway from lialne to Oulf ports. The Otltt porta which have been Strengthen- d ?r d?ive| ?ped under the fOllcy of equality of rates are New Orleans, (ialveston. Houston. Mobile snd Pensacola. while on the South Atlantld coast Wilmington. N. 0., Charleston, S. <\, S-ivunnuh, Oa.. Itrunswi'k, Ca., and Jacksonville, >iu . have materially increased their ? xport activities. Disinterested advocates of a great American merchant marine have g?>n eral'^ approved tho equal opportun? ity for development afforded all At? lantic ports?both north und south? through the medium of the rates *s> tabltshed more than a year ago. but despite the evident fairness of th-? ex? isting tariff en export, so far as ship? ping out. 's are concerned, the east? ern railroad trunk lines, through their corporate ohioers, huvo for some time in Heated a disposition to cancel the present rates and return to the rate schedules which for years gave the so-called eastern "bottlo neck" a decided advantage over tho South At? lantic and Oulf ports. A litter frOSfl the president of 01M of the great eastern trunk lines, re? cently received herOi revealed the purpose of the easterr roads to at? tack the export rates now In effect. Thi? letter aa the only frank an? swer to lliquit h* addressed to all ssnecutiv of the trunk lines, the oth? er railroad heads who were interro? gated apparently evading the ques? tion or proteasing Ignorance ol any I ?nr t,i contest 'ho existing sched? ule*. The railroad president who nc knowUdged that a movement was on ft?Ot ?o return to the old order. In effect Bald thi? th.- a-teui would be tak*n os ihe thcoi) that the present tales were unfair to the eaatern ports. "The* niitt.i Is nOU unsW-r lnV**4t? B*>tlon," h< ? ild, "with a view to pre? senting he subject to the Inter-,ate comno ree con mission." He pointed that the officers of the cas ern railroads had protested ngalnat the action oi the railroud administration in aotabllshlng the preoent rates and intimated Ihit the protest would soon be i ? nett ed with vigor. A previous protest from Ins eaet i i ' titlves wad dlasp proved by \\ alk< r I?. If in? s while he wss dlrectoi g< ncral of ran we vs. air (lines, himscil forAleriy connoot ed with one of the I .g trunk line*, beld ths there wus m> Justice in th* complalnf <>i' ihs eaatern roads iu il.i 11> dlainlaasil Ihs < on ttentnu, that rates were discrimina? tory on a mileage basis. a lettei Daniel Wlllnrd, prcs int of th Baltimore ?v Ohio roll? lg and M tili? 11 mi chairman of Committee of railroad prcsi in tasters classification tern ten No .'ember 2r>, lilt, Mr. lid ?a ralh o >ds have no tr??"?i (or obJ< r lion on t he boats of the d Ist am e to <' ? n.uliu rt try considerably greater With Atlantic and Oulf arece led this cor lu HrSU-Iim nf that ?he h J| AtlantU and <I ill Hitch the c ,- . | ;, i-;t 11 - usre protesting, w tied April, 18.*>?. Re Just i 181. BRITISH NAVY TWICE AS^ GREAT In Ships and Guns, John Bull Has Double the Strength of Uncle Sam WHY SHOULD ENGLAND * j FEAR AMERICA? j i Official Report on Comparative^ Naval Strength of the Great Powers Washington. .ian. 7. (By the Asso? ciated Press.)?What officials believe to bt complete information as to the relative naval s'rength of the prin? cipal world powers Is now in pos? session of the American government. Whether it wili be presented to tht senate foreign relations committee in connection with that committee's consideration of proposals looking to world disarmament bus not been determined. The informatio nhas been compiled I in the form of tables which show that Great Britain's sea power is double that of the United States, anu that although the British prc ponderancc in capital ships will prac? tically have been overcome by the I United States wrh the completion in 1V23 of .he American building pro? gram, the American navy will still bo relatively inferior in type of ves? sels which naval officers regard as extremely important, notably de? ist royers, cruisers and light cruisers, Icruising submarines and airplanes. The American navy today, accord? ing to this information, has more than doubled th ? strength of the .la pant so navy "?nd th s ratio will bo maintained oven with the completion of the building programs of the two countries. The United States will be ifar superior not only in capital ships but also in destroyers and | submarines. Japan, however, will have double the number of battle | cruisers, now possessing four such vessels with eight others projected while the United States has only six I building. Without reference to second line ships of which Great Britain has a preponderance In all classes* over the United States and Japan, tne British navy contains 2t> battleships carry big at leant ten ffJns each of 12 inch caliber or larger and displacing 20, 00'? tons or more. The United | States lias 10 such vessels, Japan | six. Franca seven and Italy 4. Great Britain- has no first line battleships under construction, while the United States has 11, Japan seven, France four and Italy four. A recapitulation of the figures shows that the January 1, 11*21, strength of the tl re I principal naval powers in first lln? major ships (bat? tleships and battle cruisers) mount? ing guns of 13.5 inch calibre or great? er is as follows: threat Britain. 2*4 vessels of 723.650 tons; United Mates, lo vessels of 300.100 tons, and Japan, nlnu vessels of 2f.7,">20. This compilation excludes capital ships mounting guns of less than 13.5 inch caliber because of their low rate of efficiency In modern battle. the same as in effect between central freight association territory and New York. Boston. Portland, Me., Mon? treal, St. John, N. B.. and Halifax, Kovs Scotia, the latter three (Cana? dian ports. Central freight associa? tion territory includes the states of Ohio. Indiana, the greater portion of Illinois and all ot Southern Michi? gan. Those officials who are interested in th?- UBbUtldilUJ of the American mer? chant marine and the development of all Atlantic and Gulf ports, without regard to sectional location, point out SI significant that tin- chairman of a committee appointed some ten months ago hy a New York commer? cial organization ,0 promote action 1 against an equality of rates to all At? lantic and Quit pOrtS was DelOl W. Uookc. ars'.stant director of the Brit? ish owned Canard lines. This committee, which was In? structed I?' epp< al o the trunk lines sssoolaihui end the Interstate com? merce OOmmission fOr cancellation of export freight ratet lo South Atlan? tic and Quit ports, so far as is Known hen, is Mill in I xsence and there Is I ? suspicion in informed quarters that Ihe plan to attack th * existing rates. si revealed In the letter of the presi? dent of one of the t unk lines, was prompted by this i ommlttee headed by a high official oj i ne ol the most 4 in ports n British owned traus-At lantk iin< s. < ancell.ition of th" present expor: lates. which now give equal oppor? tunity to ail American Atlantic and Gulf ports, would have tho effect. It is declared her. . ot diverting traffic that DOW gOeS to the ten ports of the Smith Atlantic and Gulf states, not so much to New Yolk, which is receiving the great share of the American svport hnslnosa hut lo llit t^anadlan ports of Montreal, Bt. John and Halifax ports m call for British steamers. The t i ; si Was expressed here to \ thai when the business men and ihlppers of central freight associa? tion territory, as arell as those of tatst farther west, awake to the ef fo t of a ret urn to tbe old order I hey will be as quick as the port oll.4es of tin South Atlantic ami Gulf states to comhul tbe efforts of the eastern trunk line officials t ? oaneol the pfeeeni tat ffa A revoralon to the txpoit rates that prevailed prloi to Decemberi 1911, it i.led here, md Fear Not?Ixu all the. ends Thou A SUMTER, S. C WEDNESDi* OIL AND GAS IN CHARLESTON Found at Depth of 2.047 Feet. Question of Quantity is Not Established _ DRILLING OPERATIONS TO BE CONTINUED Operators aud Drillers Are Quite Confident of the Early Re? mits (Newa and Courier, Jan. S.) (.'rude petroleum und natural gas have b?;en struck on the eastern out? skirts of Summervllle. so much is es- I tablished, but the question of quan- . tity la yet to be determined. it is the fact that petroleum and | gas ure coining from the Mabeleanor I well, operated by a syndicate head? ed by Mr. Maurice C. Burton, acting us trustee. This well has been sunk to u depth of 2,04 7 feet. .Mr. Burton told Tho News and Courier loot night that he was called Friday because of a small showing Of petroleum on the surface of the water. Saturday, the slush pit was baled and less lubricating oil than USUS) used on the machinery. Every effort was made to insure against a seepage. . Monday, the showing increased, but still those in charge waited before letting announcement escape, desir? ing to make absolutely sure. Thurs? day oil cams and there were small ebullitions of natural gas which con? vinced the operators that crudo oil and gas haa been encountered. Mr. Burton t>t id that the oil was showing up agt.,/ist a water pressure of about a thousand pounds, which Is r.bout ten times as much as the pressure in an ordinary steam boiler. Tho opeartors and drillers believe that if the well were baled and the water pressure removed, it would be a pro? ducing well now. However. Mr. Burton said, the only way to tell Is through proper test. So far., the commercial indications are net known although they are very ?promising. The showing of oil ap? pears to grow steadily stronger. It is the purpose of the operators to continue the drilling, probaly to 2, f>00 feet if the indications warrant. A sample of the crude petroleum V:as been sent to the Parker labora? tory for analysis. in a preliminary report, it is stated that in the labora? tory's belief, it is crude peroleuin, but it is not prepared to report on its quality, The syndicate which is drilling the well is headed by Mr. Maurice C. 1 urton. acting as trustee. He re < sntly came back to Charleston of which he was formerly a resident. In.ring four years while living in Phil? adelphia, Mr. Burton became inter sled and Investigated the Pennsyl? vania oil fields. Be came to the con? clusion that some indications are Common to producing fields. He interested a number of Char? leston and Philadelphia people In testing out his theories. Mrs. Bur? ton accompanied him on many of his trips. When a guest at Pine Forest Inn. I Summorvllle. she walked with a friend to the eastern end of Sum inerville. She noticed peculiar indi? cations and called these to Mr. Bur? ton's attention. Although not then considering South Carolina as a probable oil pro? ducing held, Mr. Burton made further investigations and found to his satis? faction that Mrs. Burton's conclusions were correct. Boing already interested in South Carolina. Mr. Burton decided to drill a well in this state. With the results that are related in the foregoing. The well, the Mabeleanor. is so named In reoognltion of the Chris? tian homes of the tWO ladies who really located this oil Qeld If such it works out to he. Reports reached Charleston yester? day morning that od had been struck near Summcrvilie and vc ry lively in? terest was displayed. To a late hour lost night many telephone Inquiries about these reports were still com? ing to The News and Courier. PRIZE FIGHT BOARD Meeting in New York to Regu? late Boxing Matches - New York. Jan. to?Representa? tives of so v en teen states where box Ins is legullscd met here today to form a national board of control over the Sport, One tentative rule calls for a maximum price of fifteen dollars for admission to champlonahlp bouts and ton dOllara to contests where no titles are at Stake, POPULATION OF MACON AND TAMPA \\* ' hingt on, Jan. 10,?The negro population of Macon, Qa., is given as 88.091; White, 89,900. Negro popu? lation Of Tampa, Fin.. 11,680; white,; In 7. would serl rualy deter the develop, ment of American foreign trade in that it would slow up the move hv hi of froljfht und recreat?? Ihn ?> ? ri?><'i? al commercial congestion that existed in the eastern ports prior to and since the world war. thus increas? ing the expense of Shipments and Causing hurtful delays. I Ims't at be tliy Country'*, Thy Gocr? n lY, JANUARY 12, 1921 COKER GIVES j COST OF COTTON Discusses Present Situation in. Comprehensive Manner i A PROBLEM FOR NATION I _ I Facts and Figures All Should i Know Concerning South's Great Crop fiartsville, Jan. 10.?The Coker Cotton company, oi Hartsvllle, of1 which Mr. David it. Coker is presl dent, has just sent out to its custom- j era a cotton news let tor which in comparatively brief space covers the situation of the south today in a way that is exceptionally informing end j comprehensive. Mr. Coker discusses j the cost of making cotton and the ef- I feet upon the south and the country j I of tho present low prices and gives facts and figures which ought to be .known to all. His letter follows: \ As the staple situation has shown jvery little change since our letter of j December 1, we thought that our cus? tomers might like to have us discuss the cost of the production of cotton | and its relation to the present and future situation. We believo that few j outside of the south, and by no means all In the south, realize the distress? ing features of the present situation or are able to diagnose their effect upon the civilization of the south and the future of tho cotton Industry. A brief consideration of tho facts, how? ever, will promptly convince everyone Interested in the industry, whether in the north or the south, that there lu j no future for it at present prices and j that a continuaion of present condi- j tions wouid threaten tho civilization | of the south. Government statistics show that tho average production of lint cotton in ;he south is between one-third and tour-tenths bales per. acre, but in or? der to show how impossible the pres? ent situation is we are going to first discuss production figures under the ideal conditions of a bale per acre production at 15 cents?a price above the present market. Tho bulk of the crop of the south is produced on a share crop system, the most popular share contract in ?his section being one undder which the landowner furnisher, tho land, buildings, planting1 seed and fertilizer and the tenant furnishes the livestock, tools and labor. Ginning and baling exponsoa are divided. Landlord and enant divido the cotton equally, but the lundlord receives all of the seed, j Under this plan let us see what would : be the returns to landlord and tenant jon.a twenty-acre crop of cotton pro? ducing or.e bale per acre. The farm will contain about thirty acres, including a little woodland and a few acres for corn and other minor crops. If the land is good enough to I produce a bale l>or acre a fair valua ItiCn for the farm including building I Will be between $6.000 and $10.000. A minimum charge for rent on the cotton land, therefore, to cover in tercet, repairs and taxes would be no less than $25 per acre. The lundlord . expecting a hale of cotton per acre ! would buy not less than $20 worth of fertiliser p?t' acre for the cotton and, las he must exercise supervision over "his croppers, a charge of $5 per acre 1 for supervision should bo made. Tho i total of those expenses is $50 per acre. (His returns will be one-half hale of ] cotton at 15 cents?$37.50; seed, $10; 'total, f47.f>0; lers one-half ginning, I $8. Net income, $14.00 per acre. These figures Ihow a net loss to tho , landowner of $5.50 pe r acre. Some ! may oh.'ect to the charging of rout land supervision to crop expenses. To 'ihis we answer that th se are neces? sary preliminary expenses for crop I production without w hich capital con not be secured. To make this crop tho tenant fur? nishes a mule and feed costing per year $12:,; depreciation on imple? ments, taxes, etc.. $25; hire for pick? ing ten bales of cotton, $tf)0; one-half , ginning, $60; total, $3*0, besides Ihe j labor of himself, wife and throe chil? dren. Ueceipta from ten bales of cotton at IS cents p? r pound .$760 I Kxpenscs besides labor of family 3<i0 Balance.M*0 I Divide this amount by 365 and you got the magnificent cum of $1.07 per day with which the tenant must pur? chase oloth'ng. shoes and household ( quipmenl and must supply a large l?ar; Of the food for the family and besides must pay the doctor and the preacher if they are paid. It is true that the tenant raise;, home corn, a few vegetables, and sometimes has a pig or a few chickens. The pitiful poverty under which most of them live, however, keeps them moving fr<>m place to place, tho average term of farm tenancy being about two y< ars, and it is the exception rather than tho ru'e for the tenant to have ony livestock besldee his mule or any poultry. (?'. ,?? m>' ? thai With cotton at 1 I eius per pound $1.07 is the maximum amount that a tenant can4receive for tho lal or of himself, his wife and three children In producing the Ideal yield of one bale of cotton per acre on twenty acres and this is a larger acreage than the average one-horse crop in tirs section and must be fur llu.r curtailed thla year. The bom for picking t< n bales is absolutely necessary for the tenant nnd his fam? ily cannot gather more than half the crop In time to prevent serious de? terioration Of the grade. Please remember that the average nd Truth's." THE TRUE SC ?. S. WITHDRAWS: FROMiCOUNCIL State Department Does Not Say United States Will Not Be Repre? sented Washington. Jan. 10.-?Tha imme? diate withdrawal of trie United States I from further participation in the ( council of ambassadors in Europe is I reported to have been decided upon. The state department has declined to discuss the report, but did say that the American government would not be represented at the meeting of premiers next week at which France and Great Britain discussed ways and I means for enforcing the terms of the j Versailles treaty. ; production in the south is less than i four-tenths bales per acre. The pro- j dueticn in this state, however, for the past year has slightly exceeded one- ' half bale per acre. Based on one-half : tale production, the tenant farmer's , e-xrpenses would be reduced by the item of picking, $150. and half of the gin (ning, $:io, making his expenses $180 ['instead of $3tiu. He would receive fori I his half share of ten bales $375, leav? ing $180, or 51 cents per day for the I sustenance of his family. But, at I least half the tenant farmers irakei j less than one-half bale per aero in I South Carolina or less than one-t ilrd I bale &er acre in the rest of the cotton belt except in North Carolina. How' can these people keep body and soul together, much less maintain a decent Standard of citizenship, if cotton does ! not advance materially? I During the years 1917, 1918 and j 1919 we had a period of comparative i prosperity in the south during which both the landowner and tenant class? es made more money than they ever dreamed of. Many, however, never having seen a hundred dollar bill be? fore, had no training in thrift and spent their money without thought of the morrow. Many are poorer citi? zens today than they would have been if we had not had this period oC prosperity, for, having had a glimpse of financial heaven and being again plunged into the hell of abject pov 1 erty, they arc natura.ly bitter and ! discouraged. , Tho only remedy for the present 'situation upon which all seem to be agreed is acreage reduction. Most cotton sections know no money crop except cotton. How can the land I owner or tenant figure to keep b->dy j and soul tcgethcr on a greatly re? duced acreage of cotton even if the [present price is doubled? Yet they must somehow do this If better prices are to be hoped for. What the south needs is a steady price for cotton which will allow a return tu the landowner and de? cent wages to the tenant. At the present costs of the commodities they must buy for crop malting purposes, i'O cenft is, we believe, the lowest price which the industry should con? sider. Thirty cents will not pay the landowner or tenant on the very re Jstricted acreage that must be planted ; this year. It will give the tenant I farmer producing a bale to the acre on ten acres only a little over $1.50 or about he If of this if he makes a normal yield of one-ha'f bade per acre. A few weeks ago the writer was talking with a banker from Weat Vir? ginia who told him that he had just O. KM a payroll for a small coal j min*? and that the average daily pay for the laborers was over $17.40 per day, remarking that these laborers ' were working six hours per day but that tfceV were only employed 6u per cent of their time on account of car shortage. I have other evidence to Bhow that the coal miners are re? ceiving at least ten times .as much as tho cotton laborers, who are also paid far less than the laborers in the wes? tern wheat farms or in the mills of any sect! >n of the country. Every interest in the cotton trade should recognise the terrible unfair? ness of this situation and should re? fuse to consent to its continuance. EJvery ShOUthern interest is bending its energies to restore and maintain 1 price basis for our money crop i which will allow something besides a drear and miserable existence?that Will allow us to build and maintain schools, cuhrehes, roads and other facilities necessary to the mainten? ance of a decent civilisation. Bank? ers, merchants and professional men are cooperating heartily with the farmers to protect the basic Industry of the south. Tho is not enough, however. The whole country is at fectod by the condition of every sec tion. If the south is stricken witl poverty, Its labours will dock, to the cities of the north and west and in? tensify their race and labor problems, it the southern farmer cannot meet expenses for a l?mg period the re? sulting financial chaos will affect all the money and trade centers of the country. If we do not receive suffi? cient money returns to support a de? cent civilization, the civilisation of all sections Will be affected. Large classes in the south have, ex? cept for brief periods, struggled along ever since the civil war in a poverty BO abject that decent food and clothes could not be obtained. During the periods when cotton sold for 4 l?2 "ents to S cents many families had to live on 25 cents per day or less in I right now the prospect for many 's no better than then. Th ? understanding sympathy of the nation ennnol prevent terrlflo loaaea to the south nor remove the necessity for acreage reduction and other measures necessary to equalise the supply of the staple with the de WFBBOtr, Ksiablished Jas* i, 1806. VOL. LL N0.42 DEBATES ON ' NITRATE MATTER Question of Muscle Shoals Dis? cussed ADDRESS BY E. D. SMITH South Carolinian Talks of Con? ditions of Farmer, Past and Future Washington, .lan. 7.?At tho end of a day's debute in the senate on the bill proposing a government corpo? ration to operate the nitrate plant at Muscle Shoals, Alabama, proponent** ol' the measure said tonight that a vote probably would bo reached to? morrow. House advocates of the $10. 000.000 appropriation to finish the work on the Wilson dam said they would leave the question to the sen? ate. ^Representative Byrne, Democrta, Tennessee, said he expected the sen? ate would include the appropriation in the sundry civil bill in which case he was prepared to move concur? rence by the house. Denunciation of the "fertiliser trust" and defense of the standards of living of the farmer featured tho senate debate. Senator Heflin, Dem? ocrat, Alabama, charged that "pro? pagandists," acting s? agents for the "fertilizer trust," were attempting to defeat the measure and cited an in? terview with Hampden Norman of Memphis, Tenn., on 'he question of condemning the project, published in a Washington newspaper. Senator McKellar, Democrat Tennessee, said ho had telegraphed to Memphis in an effort to Identify "Mr. Norman" and that the chamber of commerce there had replied that "there eras no such person." Senator Heflin said the "DuPont ring opposed the measure because he imports Chilean nitrates as does the fertilizer trust, which is pillaging tho American farmer." Senator Smi'.i. Democrat, South Carolina, said the present condition of the farmer was not a result of ex i travagance but was because "we al i lowed the manipulation of our at j fairs to convert the wave of victory . into an overwhelming tide of disaster 'and ruin." He urged support of the i measure as a moans for developing new sources of fertilizers and mak? ing the United States indepsedont of foreign sources. It was charged, he said, that there had been an "unwise' expenditure of funds at Muscle Shoals as was the case at Hog Island and j other places during the war but that i it was done under war time condi? tions when it was not cortain this ! country could got the necessary sifpv 1 ply from Chile, and when the pres i ident had ordered the plant com I pleted within a year. The present situation of the farm 1 ers, the South. Carolina senator de? clared, was not a result of extrava ! ganee but followed the introduction Of better living standard:- vhich had "inspired hope, energy, enterplrse and l thrift through the agricultural re? gions of tho Cnited Statoo us never dreamed of before." Washington, Jan. 7.?An array of bottles that wou d put a druggist to shame graced tiic desk of Senator Smith of South Carolina today when tho wrangle over the future of Muscle Shoals, A'a.. government nitrate plant eamo up again. Tho senator was conducting a ve rbal drive in favor of the proposed government corporation to operate the plant as a fertiliser factory. He used samples of fertil? izers to appeal to the eyes and noses ot his colleagues as well as their oars. JOHN L. MIM NAUGH DEAD Leading Merchant of Columbia Passes Away at Age of 64 Columbia. Jan. 9.?John I^antye Mimnaugh, one o: the leading mer? chants ot South Carolina and reputed to be one of the wealthiest men in tho city of Columbia, died at his homo bore this morning after an illness of several months. The deceased was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, the eon of John and Isabella Mimnaugh. March 1$, 185T, When seventeen years of ace he wenl to Glasgow, where lie worked for one ysar, emigrsting to America in 1*73, landing at New Yerk cu>. Ho then emigrated south, working as a clerk in dry goods eetablkihmeats at Au? gusta. Oo., for ti\o years. In 187$ he moved to Winnsboro and went into business for himself with a capital of $r ;.o, remaining there until iksr.. when he came to rolumbia and established .* dry goods business, which has grown to one of tho largest department stores in the state. He was married to Miss Helen Missouri W dllford, of Winnsboro. Outside of his large dry goods bus? iness he was Identified with other interests of tin- city, bi ing during his extended csreer s director in banking and financial InetltUtloas and execu? tive of other enterprise. He was one of tho most extensive realty holders in this city, mand. A nationwide and undemand? ing sympathy* however, can ami will make It cash r tor us to got the financial support necessary to tide over the present emergency and trill protect us from the reelection of bar? riers to foreign trade without which the cotton farm can never thrive.