The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, January 05, 1921, Image 5
WORLD NOT YET
: NORMAL IN 1920
European Nations, Especially,
Are Bei;ct With Troubles Dur?
ing Period of Readjustment
PRINCIPAL EVENTS REVIEWED
Failure of Senat? to Ratify Peace
Treaty Leaves United States Tech?
nically at War?Presidential
Election Holds Interest.
By DONALD F. BIGG9.
The world throughout the year 10-0
Was passing through the troublesome
period of readjustment nml reaction
r I begun with the close of the World
war. or ?II the (real powers that had
been* invdwd la the conflict the Unit?
ed States alone remained technically
n a state of war with (Jermany
h the failure of the senate to
mtlfy the peace treaty. For all prac
tN :?l purp?. s??s, however, the United
s .es was at pence and conditions In
this COOntry were more nearly normal
than in must of the nations of Kurope
which had accepted the settlements
agreed upon hy the peace conference
?t Paris.
Although the great war had ended,
the world was not at peace In 1920.
Territorial disputes and Jealousies
Cowing: out of the war resulted In a
rge mind ?er of minor conflicts.
The In !i prohlem remained un?
solved and Hie situation In the Emer
afd Ivfe mi u ! serious as the year
progressed. In the United States, de
Spite minor radical activities and the
it, mpanylng the read?
justment of bnslness and Industrial
conditions there was continued pros?
perity and optimism.
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
"l !>e World war wns formally ended
January ft> when Germany and four?
teen of tlu.' powers allied against her
In the war exchanged ratitlcutlons of
the Treotyeof Versailles at Paris. The
UnHed Htatea, however, was cot
among the n us participating in this
ceremony. ,?s the treaty had not bctn
fat Mod hv the Mate.
The Longa Nations came Into
actual being;at Paris January 10 when
the eiectltue COtlUCtl held Its tlist
meeting with representatives ^rom Bel?
gium, Brazil, England. Italy, France,
Japan, Greece and Spain participat?
ing.
i i p Ilussjan government made a
atep tonfard securing peace with Its
warring | neighbors by concluding
treaties with Ukraine und Ksthoniu.
The Tfrklsh peacr terms were com?
pleted on March and a week later
I Allied feclded to use force to lin
- the terms upon Turkey, sending
troops to occupy Constantinople. The
filled for<-? 4 occupied the Turkish
capital without opposition,
Polish troops began a spring offen?
sive ^gainst the Russian Bolabevlkl In
I tglon oi Man h Warsaw
reported heavy fighting nt many points
on the 400-mile front. Three days" lat?
er Poland offered peace terms to Itus
ala, providing for restoration of the
gfegdom of 177J. return of Off and
r treasures, r.tsl an Indemnity for
Invasion* since 1P1 I. Polish troops ad?
ministered a .severe defeat to the F?ol
?m-vikl |1 Podolll April 13.
I'ohs and Ukrainians negotiat?
ed a treaty on April 27, lecognlzing
retrain Ian Independence from Uussls.
\ aaabluet] army of Poles and Ukrain?
ians then bunched an offensive against
the Ilussian "Hed" forces capturing
Kiev on May 8 and the great port of
< I h***u on May II.
r.olshevlk troops Invaded Persia at
As'am May Is*. forcing the withdrawn!
of Hrltlsli troops, r.olshevlk troop?
on the Polish front wore re-enforced
and branched an at'nek on a ninety
sails front, >M?ekinu' to Open oommunl
cution with Fast Prussia. <>n .lane 3
tb??> succeeded In flanking and driving
pa. \ General 1*11 ndakPa Pollah troops.
The supreme council continued Its
eff'Hfs to complete * the pence settle
sjenta, The treaty with 111lti^nry was
signed June 4 at Versailles, Amhiissa
dor Wallace signing for the United
cs t> rkey was greeted fifteen
days ndd tlonnl time to present Its
*-*s rt'-?*an,mk tne treaty with that
(try.
ills these peace negotiations were
I tin.; continued at many
i Dvet MX) Italian prisoners were
dj hy Albanians it Tirana an Jone
In retaliation f,,r the BSSJiaOlnatlOSj
IsjDaaad Pasha in Paris on Jane 18.
tuppor' ? 1 I I P.i II Mi trOOpS and hat
ihlpa nt Malta and Constantinople,
0reeks began o rntupalgii to o i^t
(he Turk I-h Nationalist* from parts of
m\n Min* r.
<m J:d> 7 the Bolshevik troops cap
PJgared atovono, throwing the Pete, into
?tro.it on the entlro front. Poland
opened negotiations for nn armistice
snid these on tinned f<r a week when
It wns pep or ted that Run la had or?
dered the postponement of the negO
itlons r ml the capture of Warsaw,
lolsuevls troops captured I.omr.a ami
|Jga>st l und he^an a drive on
pnberg August 1. Inning the next
week* the) contlnueil to advance
fD August 1" were within twelve
War u .v. 'I he Poii-h capital
jflooosed, but on the |7th the
Hau ?. io d a gn al founter-of?
? 1 it?*\ IW hack
|? Heartened hy the crush
jplven the l!us-;:in forces,
(pKted hevlk peace
ajL i i Augur 11. the,
French for*Ign office surprised the oth?
er bowori by Bating recognition to
General Wrnngel> de facto govern?
ment In South Rueajg,
The Turkish peace treaty was llgQfd
en August 10 by all nut Ion? concerned
except Serbin and the Hedjaz. Soviet
Rm.sia continued Its effort to make
peace with its neighbors by glgnlng ft
treaty with Latvia and agreeing to
armistice terms with Finland.
On October 12 the Coles signed an
armistice and preliminary pence treaty
with Russia to become effective Oc?
tober 18.
The relation of hostilities on the
Polish fronts enabled the Rolsheviki
to strengthen their other fronts. Di?
rected by Trotzky, the war minister,
the Bolshevlkl launched a violent of
tensive on October 31 against the
Sou^h Russian armies commanded by
General Wrangel. They succeeded in
smashing General Wi-angel's forces
and drove on throng!. Crimea.
The Bolshevlkl forces captured So
bnstopol November 14. General
Wrangel and the remmmts of his army
were on board American, French and
British warships which steamed out
of the harbor as the Bolshevikl en?
tered the city.
An agreement on the Adriatic ques?
tion was reached November 10 at a
conference between the Jugo-Slavs
and the Italians and a treaty embody?
ing the agreement was signed at Ra
pallo two days later.
The Assembly of the League of Na?
tions opened its first session at Ge?
neva Novenber 13, Paul Hymans of
Belgium being elected president.
On November 29 President Wilson
accepted an Invitation extended by the
Council of the Leagueof Nations to act
as mediator between Armenia and
Turkey. Two days later the Russia
Bolshevik took Krlvan and announced
the establishment of a soviet Armenian
republic. On December 3 Armenia and
the Turkish Nationalists signed a
treaty of peace.
Several attempts to secure action on
amendments to the covenant of the
League of Nations were voted down
by the league assembly. Because of
this action the Argent ne delegates to
the assembly withdrew on December
I!. On December 1 Austria was 'admit?
ted to the league, the first of the allies
of Germany to be grunted member?
ship.
FOREIGN AFFAIRS
With continual strife, amounting vir?
tually to civil war, In Ireland, with
spasmodic revolutionary outbreaks In
Germany, v 1th counter-revolutionary
movements developing at Intervals In
Russia, with cjvil war In China and
with political upheavals In Franco,
Italy, Greece and other countries,
the unrest and changing conditions
growing out of the World war were
reflected In the disturbed Internal con?
ditions of many countries of the old
world in 1020.
<>:ie of the unexpected political de?
velopments of the early days of the
year was the failure of Premier Cle
menceau to obtain election as presi?
dent of France upon the expiration of
the term of President Poincare. Paul
Pesehanel was elected on January 17
and the following day Clemenceau'*
cabinet resigned. Alexandre Miller
and formed a new cabinet at the re?
quest of President Poincare.
The AH Russian government in Si?
beria, headed by Admiral Alexander
B. Kolchak, was Anally desiroved with
the killing of Admiral Kol? hak by So?
cial Revolutionists at Irkutsk on Feb?
ruary 7.
In Great Britain the government t
took Its first definite step toward a
settlement Oi the Irish question on
February 23 by presenting to tthe
house of commons Its Irish home
rule hill, providing for autonomous
rule under a dual par"ument, repre?
senting boll Hie north and the south.
On March !0 Ulster voted to accept
the bill.
A new counter-revolution, directed
by militarists, broke out in Berlin
March l.'i. The revolutionists gained
control of Berlin end Or. Wolfgang
Kapp proclaimed himself chancellor,
The revolution was short-lived, how?
ever, ending In failure on the Kith
when I>f. Kapp resigned.
The Irish situation continued to at?
tract the attention of the world. On
March 10 the mayor of Cork was kill?
ed by nssasslns. In the House of
Commons the Irish Home Rule bill
passed Its second reeding on March
:t1. 348 to 04. On April 4 Irish tax
ottlces and records were burned at
many points and wire communication
from Belfast was cut.
In Mexico the preshientla campaign
developed | revolution which resulted
eventually In the overthrow of the
Carranag government. <>n April 10 the
-t?te of Sonora w ill drew from the
republic and lighting between the
Honors troops and fe loral forces be?
gan. By April 21 nlnr Mexican itatM
had joined the secc^lon movement.
The revolutionary movement gained
rapidly and on May V President Car
ranag led from Mexico CHty toward
the taeteru coast. On May 29 Car*
ran/a. the fugitive presldeat, was shot
and killed by troops in his eacort
while asleep.
A cabinet crisis in Italy on Jane 0
resulted in the realgnnllon "t* Premier
Mtti and his cabinet. Si;:, or Orlando
also resigned as president of the cham?
ber, a new cabinet was formed June
17 under former Premier Giovanni Ol?
Ollttl. th? .Inno 27 Italian troopl mu?
tinied at AnCOni and "Red" upris?
ing broke out all gver Italy in what
appeared to be a COt carted anarchist
plot.
on auguul 19 Mayor Terence M?c?
Swincy Of <'?>rk v. a . n t ?? '!??! b> Brit"
i-ii troopl for sedition in holding a
Sum COUli ut the City Hall Me
was coii\h tetl by n court martial on
|>e 17th sud taken to au English pi t*
I
en, whTe he Immedlntely entered tip
on r hunger strike. Riots and in?
cendiarism continued to assume more
serious proportions at many points.
In the constitutional election held
In Mexico September B General Al
vara obrogon was elected president.
President Descbehcl of France re?
signed September 21 because of hi
health and on the 28rd Preipler, Alex?
andre MUerand was eiecte<i to succeed
hltn. Georgia Leyguos, minister of
marine tinder Clcmcnceau, become pre?
mier.
Further disturbances were reported
In Italy during October. On the 18th
leaden of the Socialist party and the
General Confederation of Labor or?
dered demonstrations In every town In
Italy In an effort to force the Italian |
government to recognise soviet KUS- i
sla, and on the following day many
persons were killed ami wounded In j
the course of a two-hour strike called
as a protest against the arrest of polit?
ical offenders opposing the allied pol?
icy toward Russia. The government
began a drive on the 17th to round up .
all advocates of violence In the coun?
try.
After a hunger strike of 74 days,
whlah had drawn the attention of the
world, Terence MacSwiney, lord mayor
of Cork, died in Rrixton prison, Lon?
don, October 25. Great pressure had
. been brought to hear to secure Mayor
MacSwiney's release, but the govern?
ment stood Arm In Its Stand against
the hunger strikers.
King Alexander of Greece died on I
October 25 as a result of a bite by a I
pet monkey, and It was announced
that the throne would he offered to
Prince Paul, third son of former King
Constantlne. .
Peace in China seemed to he finally
assured hy a proclamation Issued by
the government November 1, declaring j
that there had been a reunion of North
nnd South China and calling for the
election of a new parliament.
Fierce rioting between Unionists
and Sinn Felners broke out in North
Relfast, Ireland, November 7. Seri?
ous disorders were reported also at
Londonderry, where five policemen
were shot and many ships burned or
wrecked. The Irish home rule hill
passed the house of commons on Its
third reading November 11. At Dublin
on November 21, following the murder
of 14 British officers, a force of troops
raided a football game and flred upon
the crowd, killing and wounding a
large number of persons.
A political upheaval came In Greece
with the defeat In the general election
fon November 14 of the party headed
hy Premier Venlzelos. Premier Yenl
zelos resigned on November 17 and
George Rhallis, former premier and
leader among the followers of ex-King
Constantlne, formed a new cabinet.
On December 4 the Greek people, in
a plebiscite voted for the return of
King Constantino. On December 11?
Constantlne returned to Athens In
triumph.
The Irish situation neared a crisis
during the closing weeks of the year. 1
Wholesale arrests were made by the
British authorities during the last
weeks of November, among those
taken being Arthur Grlflith. acting
president of the "Irish republic" ami
many other Irish leaders. On No?
vember 28 Irish plotters set fire to
several large warehouses on the'Llver
pool water front and killed two men.
Mnrtlal law was proclaimed in south
Ireland on December 10 ami two days
later a large part of the business dis?
trict of Cork was burned In reprisal,
It was claimed, for Sinn Fein raids.
DOMESTIC
The year 1920 being a presidential
election year, politics held the atten?
tion of the people of the United States
during the greater part of the year.
Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio
was nominated for President by the
Republicans at Chicago .Tune 12. The
Democratic nnxlonal convention at
San Francisco nominated Governor
James M. Cox of Ohio on July fj on
the forty-fourth ballot.
In the election on November 2, the
Republican national ticket was elected
hy an overwhelming majority, receiv?
ing 414 electoral votes while the Demo?
cratic candidate! received 117. The
Republicans also won an overwhelm?
ing majority in congress.
By winning their long light for
equal suffrage, the women of the coun?
try gained the right to vote for all
offices In the November election.
The United Stales Supremo court !
on January 5 upheld the constitution?
ality of wartime prohibition and the
Volstead enforcement act. On Janu?
ary 10 nationwide prohibition! under
the eighteenth amendment to the Con?
stitution, went Into effect
m January 10 the New York as?
sembly, with hut two dissenting voices,
voted to exclude the five Socialist
members of that body, pending trial
on charges that the platform of their
party is revolutionary.
The anti-radical campaign resulted
In the Indictment of 88 loaders of the
Communist Labor party In Chicago
on January 21.
The railroads of the country were
returned to private operation on
March 1, under the terms of the Cnni
mlns-Esch railroad reorganisation act.
Senator Truman 11. New berry of
Michigan was convicted in the federal
court itt Grand Rapids on March 20
on charges involving the use of exces?
sive campaign funds. n?. und 10 co
defendants were given prison sen?
tences, but remained at liberty pending
an appeal to the higher courts.
The trial of the the Socialist mem?
bers Of the New York assembly ended
with their expulsion from the legists*
tare April 1.
Several suits had been Instituted
.luring the early month** of the rear
attacking Ihe validity ^f the eight?
eenth (prohibition) amendment All
theae Cases were taken to the United
States owvicaic court aud ou Juua ?
If
I
(Tint tribunal decided Ihst the Amend?
ment und the Volstead enforcement
set wn?> constitution.0.
Rig in res801 in rn'es wore granted
ihe raJltoada <f 'he country hy the
Interstate commerce commission July
!I1 lo enable the roads to meet in
crossed wages. Passenger rates were
Increased 2<* per cent, with n Pullman
surcharge nf 60 i>er cent for the rail?
roads. Freight rates were Increased
1'rom 'J? (a 40 per cent in different sec
lions of the country.
The trial of Hie Communist Labor
party loaders in Chicago, hi progress
for several months, ended August 2
with the conviction of 20, who were
given jai| sentences.
The five Socialist assemblymen ex
"pelled from the New York legislature
In the spring, having been re-elected,
were again unseated when the legis?
lature met In special session Septem?
ber 21.
Sharp drops In the prices of cotton,
wheat and other farm products
brought appeals for assistance from
the farmers of the country during the
latter part of the year. Night riders
appeared in southern states in an ef?
fort to force the growers to hold their
cotton for a higher price ami a move?
ment was started to secure the holding
of wheat from the market.
NATIONAL LEGISLATION
The continued light over the ratifica?
tion of the treaty of Versailles, with
the League of Nations covenant, re?
sulting in rejection of the treaty for
the second time, occupied the atten?
tion of the United States senate during
the early months of 1020 and monop?
olized the attention of the public, so
far as congressional action was con?
cerned. The Oummins-Eseh bill, tin- I
der which the railroads of the country '
operated after their return to private
control, ami the army reorganization
hill were the principal pieces of legis?
lation enacted before the first regular
session nf the Sixty-sixth congress
ended June 5?
On January 10. the house, by ft vote
of 'A'2H (o (\, for the second time* re?
fused lo seat Victor Borger, Socialist,
who had been re-elected to congress
from a Milwaukee district after he
had been once barred hy the house
because of his alleged disloyalty dur?
ing the war.
The Water Power Development bill,
which had long been pending in con
irress, was passed hy the senate Janu?
ary 1.r>. A similar hill had been adopt?
ed hy the house In July, 1010.
Another long congressional fight,
for the adoption of the Oil Land Leas?
ing hill, was ended when the confer?
ence report was adopted hy the house
on February 10 and the senaie two
days later.
The senate then turned its attention
to the peace treaty. The original
Lodge reservations were again adopt?
ed, with some amendments. The
treaty, with the reservations, came to
a vote on March 10, and for the second
time failed to secure the requisite two
thirds majority, the vote being 40 to
80. The following day the rejected
treaty was sent back to the President.
With no prospect of the early adop?
tion of the treaty, resolutions declar?
ing the war at an end were Introduced
In both the house and the senate. Both
houses adopted the Knoz senate res?
olution. President Wilson vetoed this
resolution, however, on May 27.
A few days earlier, on May L'4. Pres?
ident Wilson asked the senate for au?
thority to accept the mandate for
Armenia that had been offered by the
supreme council, (hi June 1 the sen?
ate "respectfully declined" to gi"C the
President the authority requested.
Ott June 8 the house voted. ."?4a* to
8, the repeal of all war laws except the
Lever net and the enemy trading act.
the measure already having passed the
senate, but President Wilson withheld
his signature front the act and It died,
with several 'other Important meas?
ures, with the adjournment of con?
gress. On the day before adjourn?
ment. President Wilson vetoed ihe
budget bill which had been passed hy
both houses.
Congress reconvened on December 6
for the short session. President Wll
son In Ills message, which was read
tno following day, recommended that
the Philippine! he given their Inde?
pendence.
LABOR AND INDUSTRIAL
Industrial unrest which manifested
itself during the period of reaction Im?
mediately following the war, became
even more marked during the year
1080, Radical activities were Involved
in some of the labor disputes in this
country, but this was true to a much
larger extent In the labor troubles that
beset most of the countries of F.urope
during the greater part of the year.
The first month of the year was
marked, in the United Stales, by the
abandonment of the steel workers'
strike which had been begun on Sep?
tember L"J.
ltullrond traffic was tied tip in
France, February *J7, hy a general
strike of rail workers. The premier
calhd all the strikers into the army,
and two days later the strike was set
UihJ by a compromise.
Fence was declared between the
bituminous coal operators and miners
Marth 31, when tliey signed a two
year agreement based ?n an award
made by Ihe coal commission named
b\ President Wilson.
An ?outlaw" strikt nf railroad
switchmen began in Chicago April 10.
i and spread rapidly lo other parts of
die country. Federal onlcers arrested
:>? lendcri of the strike in Chicago,
April lo, on charges nf Interforliw with
the mails and violation of the Lexer
act. On Anvil Hi the Joint railroad
wage board created hy the Cummins
Kscli hill, ncnouheed that it would not
hoar i >es of i len who were on Strike.
A new coal strike was Inaugurated
Lu Ulli oik uud ivuiibaa Apul o
Are thousand men going nut because
of dissatisfaction with 111?? wage
awards made hy the coal commission.
The first of a long series of slrikes
Involving Bolshevik activities tonic
place in Italy March 25, when work- i
men stud peasants in Naples and the
provinces of N'ovra, Alexandra. Itter- :
<la and Xrevlso, attempted to estsbllsb
Soviets. Troops restored order and
the strike ende?] within two days.
n'i May 1 there were rleta In Paris,
and railway workers struck for na?
tionalization of the railroads. French
nock workers and coal miners joined
the strike on May 5. The French gov?
ernment took vigorous steps to end
the Strike, moving to dissolve the Gen?
eral Federation of Labor snd eher?
acterlslng the strike leaders s*^ Bolshe?
vists. The strikes were called off by
ihe General Federation of lather on
May 2J.
The Railway Lahor hoard announced
its decision on wage Increases on July
20, awarding increases of from 20 to
27 per cent to nearly 2,000,000 employ?
ees, the total increase amounting in
about 1000,000,000 a year, about half
the raise that employees had asked.
The award was accepted hy the rail?
road unions.
1 hiring the lstter part of July coal
miners again struck in Illinois, Indi?
ana ami Kansas, hut on July 111 they
were ordered hack to work, after an
appeal had been made by President
Wilson.
Serious riots occurred at Denver Au?
gust 5 in connection with a street car
strike, many being killed and Injured.
Federal troops were ordered to Denver
to stop the disorders.
The Railway Labor board made an
i oilier award August 10, granting an
Increase amounting to $.'io,ooo,ouo s
year to 75,000 railway express workers.
On August 80 President Wilson ap?
proved the majority report of the an?
thracite wage commission, swarding
wage increases of from 17 to 20 per
cent. <>n September 1 anthracite op?
erators and miners signed a two-year
Contract based on the award, but thou?
sands of men remained on what they
termed "vacation" in protest against
the award.
Industrial conditions grew more se?
rious In Italy during the late summer
and fall. An obstructionist campaign
was started by 500,000 workmen on
August 22. On August 31, in Lorn- !
hardy, BOO metal-working planis were
seized by employees and workmen's
councils took charge of the plants. On
September 14 the workmen's council
voted for co-operative management
and profit-sharing hy the work?
men. At the same time the workmen
took over 200 chemical work* snd sev?
eral textile mills. Premier Gl?Uttl in?
tervened, and on September 10 the em?
ployers agreed to his terms of jsettle
mettt, granting Increases of pay ret?
roactive to July 15. The workmen ac?
cepted the settlement snd ordered the
factories returned to the owners.
An industrial crisis was precipitated
In England on October 16 by a strike
of I.immuxhi coal miners. On the 28th
an agreement was reached for an in?
crease in wages in consideration of a
pledge on the part ?>f the miners to
help increase production. The strike
was called off November S,
A severe business depression was
felt throughout the Fnlted States dur?
ing the closing weeks of the year. The
trend toward lower wages was marked
by the announcement of the textile
mills of New England in December of
a reduction in wages amounting to
22% per cent
"sports
The revival of interest in sporting
events of all kinds which was appar?
ent in 1010, following almost a com?
plete suspension of athletic activities
during the war, was even more marked
in 1020.
The first of five races between Sir
Thomas Upton's Shamrock IV, chal?
lenger for the America's dtp, and the
defender, Resolute, was held off New
York July 15. The Shamrock won the
first and second race??, but the Resolute
took the next three, winning the cup
on July 27.
Charles Kvans, Jr. of Chicago, won
the western amateur golf championship
July 17, and Jock Hutchinson won the
western open golf championship Au?
gust 5. Edward Ray Of England won
the American open golf championship,
j August Fi. iTiarles Evans, Jr., won
i the national amateur golf champion?
ship, September 11.
The United Stales, for the seventh
consecutive time, made the biggest
s?ore In the Olympic games at Ant?
werp, Belgium, with 212 points. Fin?
land was second with 105 and Sweden
third with 05.
Jack Dempsey retained the heavy?
weight championship of the world by
knocking out Rill Miske In the third
round at Benton Harbor, Mich., Sep?
tember 0. Georges Carpentler of
France, knocked out Rattling Levlnsky,
October 12, and became light heavy?
weight champion of the world.
A sensation was caused in the base?
ball world just before the close of
the season by the exposure of s con
spirscy by which the world's series of
1010 was "thrown" by the Chicago
American league team to the Clncln*
natl National league team. S#\on
members of the Chicago team, Includ?
ing several Stars, and one former mem?
ber were sccuscd of accepting bribes,
and they later Were indicted by u ? "1*1
< ago grand jury. Cleveland w??n the
American league pennant <<n IV lol.er
! 2 snd met the Brooklyn club. National
league pennant winner, in the world
series on October 5. CU*veland won
the series by taking tie' seventh game
from Brooklyn, October l".
A baseball war ^;e*> threatened by a
eoufticl be'u eon clubs of the Amcrl?*an
lengtf'j cv??r plans for a reorganisation
of the game. Peace was declared,
uowevty, uu November IS, and u usw
hoard of control was estr.bljshed with
Judge rtenesaw M. Leadls of Chicago
as chairman wiih an innual salary of
$42.500 a year.
Roscoe Saries won the 290-mile au?
tomobile rare at Log Angeles Koveja
bet 25. In !lits mee Gatt? Chevro
Ict was killed in a collisloa.
DISASTERS****^*
The world was camparativelyjfree
fr??m disasters causing great lem of
life during 1020. Tornadoes in the.
United Siafes and earthquake* in fIsly
ainl Mexico, caused the greatest de
structlon. ^
Several thousand pcoplo were report
ed killed by w rieten! earth ?heck la
central Mexico January .'i, the jdam
sge being particularly heavy is the
western part sf Vera Crux, -
More* than 100 parsons were silledfj
many were injured and heavy prapeVy
damage was caused by Tornadoes whiuft
swept Georgia. Alsbsma, IndisnaA)hla
and Illinois. March 28.
Three hundred persons were killed
by an explosion of s munition* dump
at llotheostela, Last Prussia, April It,
Another ternade caused heavy dam?
age In Alahama, Tennessee snd Mis?
sissippi. April 20. More than 180 per?
sons were killed and property valued
at ti^ooojooo was des: roved.
Fi fM-nine persona were killed by a
tornado in Cherokee CSSSJlJ, Vkls.,
May 2.
Great floods were reported In Japan
! August 10, with heavy los* of life.
A severe earthquake In the district
north of Florence, in Italy, en Septem?
ber 7, destroyed 100 town* sad tilled1
about 4?s> persons.
Disastrous earthquakes occurred la
Chile and Central America Deceia
her D, and later in the month.
NECROLOGY
Death took many persons pm mi neat
in national and world sffsir? lu 10'J<>.!
among those who were best knewu or
most active in their particular riejns
of labor, were the following:
January I, Nicholas Sicard, fsroeut
Franco painter; Jsneary 8, Maud Pow?
ell, world s foremost woman vioiialst;
January id, Reginald Denare?, Amer
lean composer and music critic; Jsa-1
gary 23, Richard U Garner, suthor snd
explorer; January 24, Rev. Cyrua
Towusend Brady, widely-known outlier.
February 4. Edward Paysen Jtipley,
far 24 years president of Santa Fe
railroad; (this C. Barber, organiser
of the match Industry { February 11,
Gaby Deslys, noted French dancer;
February 1-, Julius Chambers, New
Torfc author snd explorer; February
is, Gea. William R. Mkkla, for roasV
years adjutant general ef the Unfieol
Confederate veterans; February' 2t>,
Hear Admiral Robert K. Tesry, fj. Sd
N.. retired, discoverer of the Nerta
pole. ? j
March 1, John H. Bankhesd, stub*
United States senator from Alahaisv;
March 8, John J. O'Shes, CathelicVu
IhOT and editor; March 24, Mrs.
Humphry Ward, famous F.nglish nov?
elist; March 20, FJtner Appersou, pi?
oneer automobile manufacturer.
April 1, Dr. William Martin, ?. ST.
N.. retired, yellow f>rer expert; April
0, Laurent Honore Marqueste, Frearh)
seulptor; April 7. Rdward Harold Mett,
humorist; April It, Ferdinand Royfeef,
French ?rii?t; April 19, Theodore fv.
Vail, pioneer in teb graph a ml tele?
phone Industries.
May I, William Barrett Rblgely, for?
mer controller of the treasury; Msy 9,
BiShop .lohn IL Vincent sf the Meth?
odist Kpisoopal eh-uvh. fsunder ef the
Chaulauqua assembly; May 11, Wik?
Ham Dean Howells, famous America's
novelist; May 1H. Levi P. Mortos, ger^
mer vice president. A
.Line I, Rev. Charles Aagaotxej Stett
dard of New York, author and thes*
loglsn; .lune 13, Mme. Cahrieiie <*har
lolte ReJane, famous French aotress;
June IX. Georgs W. Perkins. New VorX
financier; June 2b\ Rev. Dr. WiJUaiu
Henry Roberts, for more than flirty
yean stated clerk ef the Prcseyterlsa
general assembly.
July 4, Major Qewai d William at
(Jorgas, former sargeoa gaasral af 4he
United States army; July 10, cfefca
Arbuthrot Fisher, former first lord of
the British admiralty; July 11. fanner
Rmpreas Begeale, widow ef Nspoieea
III; July 22, William K. Vsnderellt,
(losncler and former railroad presi?
dent. \
August 1, I. Frank Hanly, ex-gov?
ernor of Indiana and Prohibition csa
dldate for president in IUI?; August
3, lsh.im Randolph ef Chicago, nwi?d
saglneer; August 10, James 0*Neil.,t1a
mous Irish actsr; August Irt, ??ir ISor
man Issckyar, eminent Kngliah Siles
11st ; August 2e\ .1 sines Wllsea, fersier
secretary of agriculture; September 15,
Raimunde de Madrazo, famous Spaa
ish portrait painter; September 115,
Jacob H. Behls?, American financier
snd philanthropist.
October 2, Winthrop Murray Crane,
former United States senator Iroia
Massachusetts; October 5, Charles
Norrie Williamson, mued l.uglish su?
thor: October 12, Mrs Ogdaa Mills, so.
oial leader in New York and Fori?;
October 13, Charles M. Alexander, fa
mous sittgins evangelist.
KovemlH r 2, Louise Imogen Guinea/,
American poet and essayist ; NoVaSX*
her l\ Ludwig 111. former king of1 Ba?
varia i November 10, Henry Thode,
noted Gennsn historian; Nevetehtr 1?,
Franklin Fori, former goveftMMT of
New Jersey; NovemlH?r 22, < Ue Theo
baldl, Norwegian violinist; N?%-eiube
i 23, Margaret Brewstec, American
writer. Novcinlier '><?. Ragesm W.
Cits flu, prohlhlllon candidate for pres?
ident in US*! Hiel HM2.
De? end?<v .'t. Francis Lynna Btetsea.
elhincnt nltometr nf Now York; l?o
ccmbcr hi. Horace K, Dodge, aetexau
bile uiaaafacturer; Marquis Ltella Cliie
sa. brother of th< pope; Decsmher 12.
Olin Se ii einer, novelist.
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