Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Published Wednesday and Saturday X Z- ? ' ' ?? ?BY? ?-. OSTEEN PtJBXlSiflNG COMPANY SUMTKR, S. C. Terms: 91.50 pa? annum?in advance. ? ? Advertisements. O^e Square first insertion . .$l.0? Svery subsequent insertion.50 ?Contracts for three months, or ionger will be made at reduced rates. Ail communications which sub wer\? private interests will be charged Vu* <us advertisements. Obituaiies and tributes of respect will be charged for. The Sumter Watchman was found ing In I860 and the Trur Southron m 186?. The Watchman **ud Soutiron now has i^e combined circulation and influence of both of the old papers, aad is manifestly the best advertisi:-.; medium in Sumter. NEWSPAPERS. The tendency of newspapers every where in recent years has been to grow con?mS?Hy larger.*-.It is a nat ; urai course of-development, answering to the steai?fcr /increasing scope of news-g?theriri^Taciilties," the increas ing1 interest ol^^ public in' national and international, affairs, the popu lar demand fbr features and depart mental matter and the advertising de mands of modern business.. It may become necessary, however, to check this -natural course of evolu tion. A size-limit mnst^ ? be reached some time, on account'\>f the mater iah? required; and. the^ifficulties of distribution." At present the prob^m of mater- ! ial is serious. The paper supply is I very short. The newspaers are now | using 10 per cent mere paper than! the mills are producing. The special convention of the Pub lishers' Association "tailed in New York to consider this * shortage of j news-print has voted unanimously to; limit the size of the papers. It is evident that if the size of newspaper page, or the number of pages, is to be reduced, there must be a reduction in the average size of the advertisements, and advertising rates based on quantity of space must therefore be higher. The advertiser need pay no more, but for the same money would, be obliged to accom modate his ads to smaler>space. Such an arrangement could " hardly impose any hardship on.anyone if the plan were applied uniformly.1 The thing that counts in advertising is not ab solute size but proportionate size. The same principlesrwould be ap plied naturally, to ..tftei reading mat ter. And it must be admitted by an honest editor that reading matter as well as Advertising matter would probablyi|5ain in quality and effective ness from/such "boiling down." There is too rauch mere bulk through the average present-day newspaper. HOMB-BUIIiDING FINANCE. j ???^? The American Builuer" declares! that it is the first down payment that' balks thousands who would like to! build homes. "If that were in hand the rest would be easy, since the reg ular financing machinery of mort gage loans and easy payments over a period of years would then come into plajr. This magazine suggests that it is just as easy to start a Home Buying Club as a Christmas Savings Club. The latter flourish everywhere, and so did the Liberty Bond buying on the installment plan. Most Americans earn money enough so that they could save something regularly if they would. I It is only the happy-go-lucky temperament of the breed that keeps them pfeor and prices high. If ao"family wants a home, why does it not budget the project along With the milk bill, and save a definite I sum e\qery pay-day towards it? Ev erybody survived the strain of buying "Liberty; Bonds. There were no pa thetic stales of starvation due to that cause.';1 People proudly did with few er lurries. People proudly lived in smaller; quarters. Why not proudly do the same for the sake of owning a home? I: is a perfectly good excuse for those who feel obliged to keep up with the Joneses. "1 din't buy the fur coat?4&r the new rrsr?because we are sabring for a home." It $besr.'t take long to lay up the first ^yment, and then, as the Build er suggests, the rest is easy. ??; ORGANIZING THE TEACHERS. The danger of schoool systems be coming demoralized through the clos ing Ot thousands of schools and the Xmdejrmaning of thousands of others was Emphasized by Dr. W. C. Eaglej of Columbia University in an addres? at a? recent teachers' convention*. T5$s was one of the reasons why Dr. Eagley urged the organization of tcacfiers, the creation of a minimum wage *or tnc teaching profession and various other somewhat radical re orms. He also declared that much of the th of Bolshevism might be trac i-ectly to the inadequate educa lities in the lower grades, roundabout way from the meet of teachers into other professions, making a deficit of teachers, to the necessity of teachers' organization. But it. shows the con scientiousness of the teaching profes sion. ! Any teacher can leave his school today and get a job at higher pay and shorter hours somewhere else. Therefore money alone is not a con sideration. But wise and loyal teach ers everywhere are seeing what hap pens to the children in the schools j when teachers leave in great num bers. Something must be done to ren der the teaching profession attractive J to high-class persons, or soon there will be no education for American youth. The organization of teachers to secure reforms in remuneration and in other conditions, is one step to ward making teaching desirable. The whole matter of education de serves far more thoughtful consider ation from the general public than it gets. No child should receive less than one-fortieth of the attention of a competent teacher. In few cities does a child at the present time get more than one-sixtieth the attention of a teacher, who may be' competent and may not. Raising the pay, raising the stand ard of the profession, lowering the number of children in a room, are imperative reforms. If organization of teachers will bring these about, teachers" should undoubtedly be or ganized. ~ ' PEACE-TIME WASTE. There have been many charges, since, the war ended, that military supplies and equipment' left on the government's hands were being allow ed to rust, rot or otherwise deterior ate entailing enormous loss to the nation that paid for those goods. Now a similar story comes from France, supposedly the most thrifty of' nations. Large stocks cf supplies were turn ed over to France by the American army when it departed/ France ac quired the stuff on very liberal terms, with the understanding that it was sorely needed by the French pop ulation, and would be distributed in such a way as to allay suffering and help meet the bitter war losses. To a great extenf, some of the French newspapers declare, these stocks have been neglected and wasted, stolen or allowed to decay. Snys one paper, regarding an important accumulation of goods at Montoire, near St. La zaire; "On 120 docks covering 3,000 square metres there is a mass of merchandise left by the American army which had been unloaded from 900 freight cars. Lying there in danger of rotting are 98,000 sacks of grain and 150 tons of chocolate. Three employees ad minister liquidation and there are sentinels, but there is no proper man agement no record of the goods. Pil laging goes on steadily. To stop the looting, people told an investigator it would be necessary; to ? arrest, the whole town. There is no system of liquidation, no responsibility, though the merchandise is worth millions. Everything is sold by weight, which is ridiculous when selling canned stuff, liquids and the like. Neverthe less all is sold by weight, and as the depot lacks proper equipment rfor weighing, the administrators guess at weight" All of the belligerent nations dur mg-tho war practised an etficiency and economy in the handling of useful commodities that aroused the world's admiration. Why can that efficiency and economy not continue now tnat the war is over? The need is almost as great. Is there no such thing as practis ing war virtues?or mere common sense, for that , matter?in time of peace? THE ' PROLETARIAT " Radicals are always prating about the '?proletariat." lied propaganda is full of it. Ami the ordinary Ameri can for the lifo of him, can't figure out what they mean, even when he has read literature written in the So cialist or Bolshevist or I. W. W. jar gon. Why? Because there is no pro letariat in America. The word, as applied to economic? by Karl Marx and as used by bis fol lowers, is a collective term moaning the "proletarian^." who in turn are iat the Century Dictionary defines ..s people "without capital or regular employment." or "persons possessed of labor force and nothing else." They are those always on the edge of want, who own no homes or no property o!' any kind save the most elementary personal belongings, and who, though they may have jobs today, would starve in a werk or two or live on charity if those jobs were gone. Now look around you in this city, in any American city, and where arc those "proletarians." Making $5 to $10 a day. Or. if they are unemploy ed, abb" to get jobs at ?hat rate when ever they wan? them, and in spite of the cost of living, aide to subsist according to their usual standard on about half of what they ran earn and ,o are not proletarians at all. It is a European term, for Eun> :ar?. It dec^ not apply to Ar-icrica. ; At the very time that this proletariat j stuff is being made most of in this I country, its falsity is most apparent. If there is any proloiarianism dis coverable in the United States, it i.< alien. Any real American is not (merely a workman but, to drop into I the Socialist jargon again, a "bour igcois." Thai is. he owns something, [lie is acquiring capital und ceif-re spect. He is ambitious. He in getting I ahead. lie or his son one of these ! days will be an employer ot* other j men, or a professional man, or a re tired capitalist. This is true of adopt | ed Americans as of native ones. It is ! a matter of spirit. But the capacity 'of the human xr>-'nd for self-delusion ; is unlimited, and so there are men ! who talk about an American prole tariat and really fancy that the term means something. j GOLDEN RULE IN BUSINESS. ! William Goodal Young, a New J York citizen, has set about to es ! tablish the Golden Rule as the rule J of business. He has started a pub j lie propaganda for the idea, and is organizing "Golden Rule Clubs." The movement was formally launched at a dinner in a big hotel the other night. To any one who objects to the "ini ! practical" or "ultra-idealistic" nature j of the undertaking, Mr. Young re I plies that "it is about time somebody came forward and tried to put a lit tle common sense into things." "My idea is perfectly simple," he adds. "I am afraid it is too simple. It is just a matter of getting every 1 one to stop and think, 'Now, how woula f feel if I were in the other person's position?' i This, he is sure, is the way to fight radicalism, and also the way to pro cure for Americans the rights guar anteed them by the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. ?Will it work? Can business be carried on if anyone who wants to buy or sell anything puts himself in the other fellow's position, and tries to do as he would be done by? Pos iaibly it can provided the other fellow Iis engaged in the same unselfish pro | cess. Herbert Spencer, who knew a j good deal about psychology and eco i nomies, figured out that a time would i come eventually when all men would j act from altruistic motives, as they ! have acted heretofore from selfish motives. But is mankind as yet with [in 100,000 years of such moral pc-r j fection ? I We have had the Golden Hule ap | plied to politics ? in Toledo, by that i unique mayor, "Golden Rule Jones," i / i jand it was-applied even to police ad ministration once upon a time, by I ?? ; Chief Kr.hicr in Cleveland, in Tom I '?' ^ i Johnson's regime. But in business, in 'this so-called Year,of our Lord 1910? I Tt is mere:TCaris 1 ian:ty, of course. [And this 5s agjjghristlan nation.! But?i ; isn't :t odd iHyw flabbergasted people j arc when djj3p?ono oropeses :o put [Christianity into practice? i _ I ""FLtJ" MEDICINE. ! 1 The "fiu" vanished, last summer, ! after a devastating winter and spring. It may come back. Already there are hints of its revival in some communi ties. What is to be done? ! "In the fight against the repetitio ; j of the terrible epidemic," r.as a' I public statement by a big municipal j health department, "medical science I has proved two efficient and effective safeguards?good ventilation and reg ulation of temperature." ! As for the ventilation: "To live in j bad air, to work in had air or to j sleep in bad air reduces the disease ! resistance of the body and furnishes ia fertile ground for the 'flu'-germ to j I- . , : work on." Good ventilation in the j house means changing the air in oc j oupiel rooms about three times an j hour, bringing the fresh supply from ?outdoors, driving the used air out j doors, having the air clean and not j too dry. ! As for temperature regulation: Inj j rooms where people live when awake i and dressed, the best average degree ! of warmth is '58 degrees Fahrenheit, las indicated by a thermometer placed '"nose-high." Bathrooms should be a j little warmer. Sleeping room:;, while slept in, should be as nearly as pos i sible the temperature of tin- outside I air, with windows open and enough j ; bed clothing to avoid chilling. I These "medical science" safeguards, j bc it noticed, have nothing to do with i "niedicine." except in the modern j sense of "preventive medicine.' It is! only when they are ignored that the medical man comes in with his drugs. KILL A RAT. From a disagreablc but compelling little book on "The Rat." published by the Public Health Service, the reader; learns that tin: rat population of the United States just about equals the human population. A big male; rat for every man. a. big female rat for every woman, a nest of little rats for; every houseful of children. All ugly.; rastv, destrutcive and disease breeding . j It ccsti* nearly $2 a year to feed HARBY & CO., Inc. COTTON iO FERTILIZER MERCHANTS If you have cotton to sell, see us, it will pay you. If you have fertilizer or fertilizer materials to buy it will pay you to see us before you buy, Cash or approved collateral. 9 West Liberty Street a rat. The food?good food, fit for human consumption?eaten by those rats in a year is worth $180,000,000. The food they spoil in one way or an other maV be worth more than that. ?And this is no time to be lavish in the expenditure of food. Add to that the damage the ro dents "do in gnawing holes where no holes ought to be, in starting fires and :n general devastation and defilement. Add the deadly diseases they car ry and spread among other animals and among human beings, whose ulti mate cost is impossible to estimate. The inevitable, unanimous conclu sion is "Kill the rats:" If everybody kills one. they will be exterminated. POLICE OFFICIAL ISSUES WARNING Hears of Proposed Bomb Out rages at Christmas Philadelphia, Xov. 19.?A warning issued today by the superintendent of the Philadelphia po'hce that informa tion has reached him of possible bomb outrages at Christmas time through the sending: of gift packages to na tional, state and city officials to take extra precautions to circumvent pro posed plots by radicals or others. James Robinson, the superintend- j ent, said tonight he had nothing to j add .to the warning he issued today. He did not know what persons mar ked "by the supposed plotters, nor did he know, he said, who are suspected of plotting against the lives of pub lic officials. The information he has in his possession, the superintendent said, came to him in the course of investigations by the police bomb squad into the activities of local radi cals. Superintendent Robinson stated he had sent the information he received to chief of Police ijuigley of Roeh esiern, X. Y., chairman of the board ofLgovernors of the national bureau of' criminal identification and presi dent of the International Association | of Chiefs of Police with the request that the matter be given wide' pub licity.' ifelDENT TO I DEAL WITH REDS In His Next Annual Message to! Congress i ? Washington, Xov. 17.?Legislation designed to strengthen the hands of ;he federal government in dealing \"uh radicalism will be left to the n<>:?"! regular session of congress. Its ? 'acftjoht is exp cted to be one of [ the pressing matters which Presiden Wilson will touch upon in his mes sage to which he no\y is giving thought. The'' administrtaion's proposals for legislation already have been outlin- j ed by Attorney Oeneral Palmer. They I were supplemented today by a bill introduced in the senate by Senator Poindexter. Republican. Washington, and in the house by Representative Summers, of the same State. Senator Poindexter failed, however, to turn the senate aside from consideration of the peace treaty while he discuss ed I. W. W. outbreaks in his State where former service men were shot ; down during the Armistice Day pa rade at Centralia. Washington. The senator's measure forbids un der heavy penalty either written or sjpoken agitation for overthrow of the government by violence and car i-ies its penalties even to the owners of buildings or grounds where radi cal meetings might be permitted to gather. Any person causing the | death of another while violating the j provisions of the bill would, upon i conviction, be punished by death. The measure was referred to the judiciary committee with no prospects! that it or other pending legislation of similar character would be taken up before adjournment of the special ses- j sion. The department of justice bill has not yet been introduced. ARE NEGOTIATING WITH BOLSHEVIKS Conference Opens at Dorphat in Baltic States i i ' Dorphat. Nov. 18.?M: Litvinoff. I :the head of the Bolshevik delegation | conferring with the representatives of j tho Baltic States here, states that he had an initial meeting with tin- oth er delegates yesterday afternoon. ! credentials being exchanged. AI-1 though the present discussions cover j merely the exchange of prisoners they arc regarded as important as the at titude of M. Litvinoff on that question will probably indicate the position of T>olsheviki on the question of an ar-l mistics and pca.ee. ' ROW BREWING WITH MEXICO Washington Government Will Demand Satisfaction For Arrest of Jenkins Washington, xov. 17?Convinced of the innocence of William O. Jen kins. American consular agent at Pueblo, Ivlexico, of the charge that, he connived with Frederico Cordova, the rebel who kidnapped him, the State department has made strong representations to the Mexican gov-r ornment against Jenkins* arrest. It was said officially that information al ready at hand justified the presump tion that Jenkins was innocent. State department officials regard the charges that Jenkins connived j with his abductors as highly improb able in view of the rumor current in Mexico City that the eighteen peons upon whose testimony the arrest was predicated by the State authorities of Pueblo had been threatened with death Unless they testified against Jenkins. The peon9 were said to have been held in communicado by j the police authorities after their ar rest at Jenkins' : .ch. j According to Mexican newspapers, udge Franco, of Pueblo examined ! .Tcnlcins before declaring that in his ; opinion it was a genuine case of kid ; napping. The secretary of State, of I the State of Peubla, however, subse I quently ordered the police activities j which resulted in the arrest of the peons. Judge Franco was urged by Luis Cabrera, according to reports :r> I Mexico City, to order the arrest of Jenkins from the bench, following h:s investigation, but he declared there was no evidence upon which to base ?uch action. The governor of the 't?te of Pucbla is a brother of Luis Cabrera. " Although representtaions on the ' case are understood Jo have been made dear to Mexican g. overnment a. complete investigation would be1 made by the Washington government. As a consular ag^ntt, he is not im mune from arrest, but it was said stops would be taken to see that his' rights are in no way abridged in pro ceedings brought against him. LABOR AGITATOR KIDNAPPED John B. Lawson Driven Out of Nashville Nashville. Nov. 1.?Kidnapped by a squad of unidentified men as he vas leaving the office of his attorney, John B. Lawson, alleged labor organ izer, who led the recent Knoxville street car strik", was hurried out o> Nashville, late Wednesday with orders not to return. Last reports said he xvas on a train traveling in the direc tion of Evansville, Ind. BIG BREAK IN COTTON MARKET New Orleans, Nov. 20.?The fail- j ure of the senate to ratify the peace j treatp was responsible for the heavy j selling of cotton at the opening of j the market today. In the first half hour of trading here prices dropped seventy-two to ninety points. - Chance for College Education. Editor Daily Item: I am publishing the letter below in j order that any who may be interested ! may communicate with me. S. H. Edmunds, j - To Superintendent of Schools, Sumter, j S. C. It is requester that you furnish mci with the names and addresses of all. the young men who have recently.' within the last three years, graduat-j ed from the High School of your city i who desire to enter the State Uni- j versity of South Carolina. I want to get in touch with those; men. especially if they cannot finan-! eialy afford to attend the University,) to show thorn how they can increase ! their education at a very slight ex pense and how they may earn the: money to meet this expense. In other words I want to get these , men to enlist in this company | which will probably be stationed here j for some time. Arrangements have been made with the authorities of the University whereby a. number of men now in this camp arc in attendance. These men must be single and phy- j sically able to pass the examination! for enlistment. j K. L PEPPER, j Captain. 46th Infantry. Command-! ing Company. j Camp Jackson. S. C._ i JX)ST?One Jersey colored butt head heifer and three heifer calves.1 Strayed from my place at Chandler's' X Roads, about the 14th. W. J. I Need of Naval Armaments. Tokio, Oct. 4.?The Kokumin Shim bun publishes an article pointing: out the difficulties involved on the. reduc tion of naavl armaments. It says that the fact that the final victory won by the allies was due largely to the great naval power of the British Empire will surely be a bar to the solution of the armament reduction problem to be dealt with by the League of Na- . tions. Above all, Japan being sur-\ rounded by the sea. must depend up on commodities imported from' other countries. The Kokumin adds that even if the-, present conditions of the navy be made the standard of the reduction of armament. Great Britain and Amer ica will not feel dange* mtsir na-. tional defence. But *aapan has not ", even a sufficiency for defence and' cannot admit that the present condi tion of the navy is the standard of armament. The Kokumin also ex pressed the opinion that it would be unfair to make the length of coast line the standard of the restriction of armament. Nitrate Gives Prosperity to Chile. I Santiago, Chile, Oct. 15.?Prosperity {is coming back to Chile already-{as a result of the first shipments of part of the 500,000 tons of nitrate'sold to "English, buyers by the committee ] formed in London by the Nitrate . \ \ Producers' Association. It will all i be delivered \within the months of ? j October and March and virtually j places the control of the nitrate trade 4 j for the time being in the hands of ! Great Britain. British ships are car-. - I rying the fertilizer. Expert duties on nitrate form the ; ! main source of the" State's revenues . and the.present fiscal year had shown a heavy deficit on account K the curtailment of nitrate sales. The present undertaking, however, 'has had a tonic effect on exchange which, i at this writing, has gone up almost two points.- Likewise, all stocks re lated to nitrate also have risen, i ? Unrest in Chile, due to, the high" -cost of living and the desire of labor for better working conditions, took the form. early in SeptemNir of a small strike among the brewery hands which later called out various other / trades in sympathy. The* general strike lasted five days and troops were called out in some instances/ to handle trains, street cars, run baker ies and protect non-union men who; continued to work.. Two days after the general/walk out, however, the executive commit tee of the Labor Federation placed i their dispute in the hands of the j government, declaring that 'patriot ism impelled them not to -hinder the., production of the country whenl ev ery effort was needed to improve the economical situtaion." The govem j meat thereupon appointed a perma ! nent Court of Conciliation which, in i future. Hvill -consider and arbitrate \ all labor disputes. j London, Oct. 20.?England needs j to produce a great deal more, wealth j than she did. before the war and she l can best learn from America how to do it said C. A. McCurdy, Parliamen I tary Secretary to the Food Controller, f in a recent speech dealing with Eng ! land's industrial and labor troubles. 1 "Machinery and motive power are the tools you give the worker for his business,' he continued. "Before the war the American worker was far better equipped in this respect than the Bi'itish workingman. He had fifty percent more motive power, steam power or electrical power to help him in his task. "Wo might double the efficiency and the output of British workmen by giving British industry cheap and abundant motive power." BICYCLES The best makes. Reasonable prices. Ride a bicycle. You will feel better and live longer. REPAIRING of all kinds promptly done. Complete stock of parts car ried. Repair department is in charge of A. J. Hatfield. We give you satisfaction. Hatfield & Cato 26 E. Liberty St. '^t&cKmBBmutacmn a?a i # -5 i i Is