The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, November 12, 1919, Image 6
^TAKING NOTHING
fc?4 FOR GRANTED
Germany Required to Give Se
curity For Carrying Out
Treaty Obligations
"Washington, Nov. C?.?Notice was
served on Germany by the allied and
/associated powers in a note and ac
cent panyirig protocol, forwarded last
Saturday, that the treaty of - peace
would not go into* force until Ger
many executed to the satisfaction of
the allied and associated powers ob
ligations assumed under the armis
tice' convention and additional agree
ments.
The note, made public tonight by
the State department, provides that
the German government shall send
representatives to Paris November 10
to malte final arrangements for the
putting into effect of the treaty. But
the note specifies that before the
treaty can be made effective through
a process verbal of the deposit of the
ratifications, the German representa
tives shall obligate their nation to
carry out the terms of the protocol.
The protocol contains a number of
obligations assumed by Germanv in
the armistice convention and comple
mentary agreement which have not
been carried out ami which have been
the subject of urgent representations.
These include the withdrawal of
^German troops from Russian ? terri
tory and the delivery of certain Ger
2nan tofmage.
< Most important, however, in the
obligations Germany is asked to as
sume under the protocol is the re
placing of vessels destroyed at Scapa
Flow with five light cruisers, and io
make -op for the first class battleships
sunk at Scapa Flow by turning over
floating docks and cranes, tugs and
' dredges equivalent to a total displace
ment'of 400,000 tons, in this respect
the - protocol declares:
"The allied and associated powers
can jaot overlook without sanction the
other> infractions committed against
the armistice convention and viola
tions as serious as the destruction of
-the German fleet at Scapa Flow, the
destruction of the submarine U-C 4S
? off Ferrol and the destruction in'the
North Sea of certain submarines pro
ceeding to England for delivery."
. Replacement of the submarines de
stroyed through the turning over of
additional submarines and subntarine
machinery is provided.
Provisions of the armistice agree
ments and peace treaty which the
protocol demands that Germany car
ry out are:
Delivery of 42- locomotives and 4,
460 cars as yet not turned over.
Delivery of all documents, specie,
values of property and finance, with
all Issuing: apparatus, concerning: pub
lic or private interests in the invadpd
countries. ? l
Delivery of additional agricultural
implements in lieu of railroad ma
terial' ,
Restoration of works of art and ar
tistfc documents and industrial ma
terials removed from French and Bel
gian territory and as yet not com
pletely restored.
Payment of the value of aerial ma
terial exported to, Sweden. Holland
and Denmark i in violation of treaty
terms.
The protocol concludes with the
following paragraphs:
"In case Germany should not ful
fill these obligations within the time
specified the allied and associated
powers reserve the right to have re
course to any coei*cive measures or
other which they may deem appro- j
priate."
MOVIES IN BRAZIL
American Films Are Popular in
South America
Rio Grande do Sul. Brazil, Sept. 2r<.
?An American visiting small towns in
Brazil can easily gratify his desire
for home scenery. "Whaiever the
place, large or small, he is sure to
find on the main street at least one
moving picture theatre and never fails
to see there an American production,
in fact, seldom anything else.
The Associated Press correspondent
had occasion to make a trip on a
Brazilian coastwise stea ler which
made stops at the ports oi Paranagua,
San Francisco do Sul. Florianopolis
and Rio (Irande. the latter being the
largfst with about 14.04)0 inhabitants.
In these typical towns, as in tin
smaller communities of the United
States, the moving picture seems to
be the chief source of evening enter
tainment.
Adorning the foyers of the theatres
are'always to be seen posters and pho- j
tographs of well-known American
moving picture stars, sent from the
t'nited States with the film and with
captions still in English. These are
usually supplemented, however, by a
brilliant poster done in hand by a
local artist, with Portuguese t<-.\t. em
phasizing the thrilling features of the
production. I
The North American visitor may!
discover thnt ho has seen the film at
home two or three years auo. but even |
so. he v ill find something new in the
manner in whieh a film is presented in
Brazil. Hefe instead of a continuous
picture, the film is cut :it critical I
Junctures of the plot and there follows i
a flash on ihe screen of?*dos minutes!
de interval!"." The Lights go up and
thus for an interval of two minutes'
the audience is held in suspense won-j
dering what w.?ll happen next. .
Always the theatres are filled t<> I
capacity and the Brazilians discuss j
the merits Of American actors a/id ac
tresses of the screen ys familiarly aS|
any moving picture enthusiast in thej
T'nited States. Tlx- comedians are
intensely popular- and there is <>.io.
distinguished Cor being extraordinar
ily fat. to whom the Brazilians have}
given the name of "Chico-Boia,":
meaning ''"Little Bull."
The advent of a film showing "Chi- j
eo-Boia'' combined witl thai of ai
.Spanish ventrilofluisi was made
occasion of a ; is night a: i V mo ;
irg -picure theatre in the !ittjy town]
of Paranagua. A
Automobiles in Brazil.
Bio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 15.?
Results of coffee crop failures are
seen in the large number of high
grade automobiles available for public
hire in this city. Most of them were
originally purchased for private use
in times of prosperity but their own
ers were compelled to sell them when
the crop failed and financial distress
ensued.
The widespread use made of them
for business, pleasure or social pur
poses is a striking feature of life in
the Brazilian capital. They are not
ofVthe usual taxicab type but expen
sive ears.
The broad, smooth avenues and
boulevards are admirably adapted to
the use of automobiles, and as there is
no speed law the one great object in
life for the native chauffeur appar
ently is to go at top speed whether in
city or suburb. That there are not
numerous daily accidents is due. per
haps^ mainly to expert handling of the
cars.
Brazil in Financial Straits.
Rio de Janeiro.. Brazil, Sept. 3.?
President Epitacio Pessoa gave warn
ing in his first message to the Bra
zilian congress today that the gov
ernment must practice economy if it
is to avoid financial difficulties. "We
are at this moment in a position which
warns us of our danger," he said.
Four-fifths of the nation's reve
nues, according to the president, now
are absorbed in paying the salaries
and expenses of what he characterized
as the ''inordinate and ever-increasing
governmental personnel." This'leaves
but twenty per cent of revenues for
the purchase of materials including
equipment of the army and navy.
The president pointed out that twice
since the beginning of the republic'
the country has been forced to sus
pend payment on the public debt and
had been compelled to issue bonds
secured by customs revenues to meet
excessive disbursements. These bonds!
were held by'foreigners and have not!
been redeemed and the president stat-1
ed that instead of economizing to j
pay otf these obligations. Brazil had I
allowed them to remain unpaid.
Criticism was made of the incurring
in the last five years of a defict of
$250,000,000 and of the issue of
loans to meet it. This was described
as a step which "aggravated the
financial situation, disturbed econom
ic conditions and forced into circula
tion an unexpected amount of "paper
money, continually depreciatig in val
ue."
Although the war reduced the cus
toms revenues to a minimum. Brazil's
expenses had grown with the increas
ing personnel of tHe various minis
tries and this had produced a super
abundance of employes, inactive indi
viduals and had increased the pension
fund until it amounted to more than
$12.500,000.
"It is impossible for any nation to
continue along such a path and not
eventually fall into difficulties," said
the president. The country now
found itself confronted with demands
for increases in salaries to provide for
the necessities of life in abnormal
times resulting* from the war. To
grant these would be a wrong policy,
the executive asserted.
The government had made use of
all possible means of credit in the last
five years, including the,emission of
more than $^00.000.000 in paper mon
ey. The president asked whether it
would be possible to continue this
?'palliative narcotic policy," which in
his opinion, would soon "lead us ,to
the stern reality of submitting our
selves to the exigencies of our cred
itors." He asked congress to avoid
increasing more obligations except in
cases of extreme necessity. 1
Albert. King of the Belgians.
America has never received a nobler
guest than Albert. King/ of the Bel
gians.
Years ago he visited our country,
as a simple earnest young prince, pre
paring himself for the unknown duties
of a perilous throne, lie was quietly
studying end "seeing the world" be
cause he felt that his kingdom would
be part of it and must stand or fail
by its eternal laws.
He saw the world to good purpose.
The education of the Prince develop
ed the qualities of the man; modesty
with confidence, courage with pa
tience, justice with sympathy, integ
rity of heart, and a kind of moral
sagacity which trusted right against
blight. In the years of peace these
talents made his reign prosperous and
won the heart of a difficult people. In
the fierce emergency of war they
stood the strain: rose to that spiritual
height of genius which upholds the
right "iu scorn of consequence"; ami
they held the heart of that difficult
people loyal to then good cause em
bodied in their King. In thousands of |
the huts and lowly lodgings where the
poor exiles of Belgium had found
refuge, homeless, hungry, and dis
tressed, have 1 seen enshrined and
honored some simple picture of Al
bert, lioi des Beiges.
For more than four years of strug
gle and suffering the King shared
the perils, privations, and hardships
of tin- army and the people. He
clung to the last unconquered corn
er of Belgium as if it were his Holy
Land. Whatever else he was forced
to surrender, he never gave up honor
and hope. .And when at last by the
help of France and Britain and Amer
ica, on which he had counted, the
victory was won and the German
hordes were driven back, he rode in i
Quiet, simple triumph through his an
cient liberated cities, not boasting nor
breathing'out revenue, but thanking!
Cod. who had been with him and his!
people in their just cause.
glory and honor; by the judgment of j
the world a hero;' l>y the consent of
his people ;i King; by the grace of
God a true man. At his side. hisj
equal in moral stature and an help
meet for him, comes the brave Queen
who forgot her own frail health in
ministering to her people, and grew
strong as she spent herself in helping
otiiers. To this l yal pair, great in
character and exalted in service to
tie- world. America gives a royal dem
ocratic welcome--From "Belgium's
Spirit Incarnate.'' by Henry van
Dyke in the American Review of
Reviews lor October, 3 919.
Admiral Sims on Rod Cross.
Washington, Nov. 7.?The gratitude
of our lighting men afloat for the
service rendered them and their fam
ilies by the American Red Cross is
voiced in a characteristic appreciation
by Vice Admiral William S. Sims,
commander of the American naval
forces in the war zone, which was
made Public today in connection with j
the Third Red Cross Roll Calf.
"The only red tape about the Red j
Cross." writes Admiral Sims, "is the
two small bits that make its symbol.
The use of navy funds is limited by
law and the auditor. The Red Cross
placed no limit upon its help to the
navy, and there is no limit to the
havy'S gratitude for assistance ahroad
and care of the families at home."
The Family Budget and Health.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics of
the United States Department of La
hor, in its country-wide investigation
of the cost of living in 191S-1919, se
cured itemized budgets from approx
imately 13,06.0 families. Special in
tensive studies of each of the major j
items of expense in the family budget
have been, or are being made. Con- 1
siderable data showing the relation
ship between the family budget and
the health of the family are already
available.
Detailed dietary . analysis of the
food of 9S3 families, selected at
random from 11 representative cities,
indicates that 21.2 per cent of these
families purchase-less than 2,f.00 cal
ories of food per man per day; 49 per
cent of these families less than 3,000
calories, and 74.5 per cent less than
3,500 calories. Allowing for con
siderable variation from the recogniz
ed standard of 3,500 calories pur
chased per man per day, these figures
point to the fact that approximately
20 per cent of the families are pur
chasing food entirelj insufficient for
the maintenance of health, 30 per
cent ar^ on the border line between
sufficient and insufficient nourish
ment; arid 50 per cent are in all
probability well nourished.
A study of the total yearly income
in relation to the food budget also
bears out these conclusions. 4 4.6 per.
cent of the total number of white
families included in the investiga
tion were receiving annual incomes of
SI,500 or more, and were probably
getting an adequate* and reasonably
balanced diet. 22.7 per cent of the
families were receiving annual in
comes of less than $1,200, which iff
wholly inadequate to permit of the<
purchase of sufficient food for a fam
ily of average size, leaving 32.7 per
cent of the families in the income
group of $1.200 to $1,500, where the
food necessary for an average fam
ily would be subject to serious cur
tailment.
A sufficient number of calories,
however, does not necessarily mean}
a well balanced ration. Many of the]
dietaries in which 3.500 calories were I
purchased.. w<-re seriously deficient in
milk, "eggs, green 'vegetables, and',
fruit.
From a cursory examination of the
clothing expenditures reported in
this investigation, it 'was estimated
that a yearly average of $90 per
adult male would probably result.
Further study has shown that this
estimate was too liberal. During the
past two years, clothing purchases
have' been cut drastically. A careful
study of the clothing budgets of 641
families having children under 15
years of age, and Hving in Northern
cities, shows an average yearly expen
diture of $$$'.33 for the clothing of
the husband, and $55.75 for the wife.
In Southern cities, the average for 207
families. similarly chosen, * shows
$75.59, for the husband, and $62.0S
for the wife. While the clothes pur
chased fori these sums may be suf
ficient to keep the wearers warmx, it
is certain that decency and health
can not be maintained on such a
small outlay for clothing.
Judged by the standard that over
crowding begins when there is more
than one person per room, a consid- j
erable proportion of the families in
cluded in this investigation must be
ciassed as overcrowded. A study has
been made of 2.455 families living in
rented houses in 24 different cities.
Fifty per cent of these had less than I
one room per person. 17 per cent had!
less than .07 of a room per person,
and 3 per cent, loss than .05 of a room
per person. Very"little information
was gathered which will give conclu
sions as to housing conditions from
a sanitary standpoint. In New Or
leans, however. 31 per cent of the 147
white families included in the in
vestigation lived in houses without
bath rooms, and 90 per cent of the
102 colored families.
Miscellaneous items which in
clude expenditures for eure of health,
education, amusements, insurance
premiums, and numerous other items j
of a miscellaneous nature, comprise j
from 17 to 24 per cent of the family j
budget, the amount increasing uni
formly with increase in income.
Detailed data on miscellaneous ex
expenses for :',() representative cities
have been compiled. In these various
cities, the yearly expenditure per
family for health. which includes
doctor, dentist, hospital, oculist, med
icines, ranged from an average of
$31.27 to S?l'.TT. the mean being
approximately $58.00.
The corresponding figure on amuse
ments, which includes movies, plays,
concerts, excursions, vacations, rang
ed from an average of $9.95 to $35.59
per year per family, with a mean of
between SI 7 and $18. |
The average yearly expenditure
per family for education and uplift,
which includes newspapers, maga
zines, books, school tuition, music,
ranged from $8.87 to $27.57, the mean
being approximately $17.
None of these averages would seem j
to depict extravagance on the part of
the workingrnnn's family along the
lines of medical attention, recreation,
or self development. Especially do
some of tlie family averages appear
meagre when taken in connection
with the average number of persons
per family, which for white families
is 4.9 persons.
Subs2rib? to The Dally Item. Only
10c per week, delivered.
THE OLD HOLLID AY
OWNED BY RUST. W. PLOWDEN
/
*J~.i,ts.~- ? -_?.a^.'^r'-_2L?J
10.30 A. M., Rain or Shine
This farm, containing 532 acres, situated within three miles of
Paxville and one mile of Silver, in Clarenon County, on the
Sumter and Summerton road, has been subdivided into small
tracts and will be sold at auction on above date at your price, let
owner make or lose.
in Gold Given Away
EASY TERMS. Music by Brass Band.
BS
Crosland-Tyson Realty & Auction
Company
BENNETTSVILLE, S. C.
' WE ALWAYS SELL IT"