Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Be^Teils Senate It Is One of World's Greatest 5wE ? t. Document? miAL TO PEACE r T i OF WORLD Sfcat?j?Jf^ Exposure of Partisan slag) ?f Republican Leaders /Washington, July 14.?Praising the league",or .nations covenant as ' one cf t^et>5^rkl's\greatest documents," Sen ?to? gwanson of Virginia, a Derao xtetic'member of the foreign relations c&mmittee, told the senate today that ' if th'e United States rejected the league "it would mean Jhat she would skulk in the greatest world crisis that eyer^occurred." <The speaker defended the league against, the-,objection that ^it would Sacrifice sovereignty and American traditions-and asserted that on the contrary, it would result in immense material gain in protecting American integrity and preventing war. He de clared it would not create a super soVereignty, involve objectionable ob ligations nor invalidate the Monroe doctrine. . "The.pathway of our duty is plain," said Senator Swanson.. "Let us not ? : be-frightened by oar . own. prodigious* . shadow as it projects itself into world affairs. Let us not be deterred from <n?r manifest duty and destiny by a - craven fear of becoming great in giv ing service and direction to a world tp^a. dire hour of its. needs and dis tress." ^Pointing out that the war had shak en the social order to its foundation the Virginia senator said it was a par .,fcmount obligation of responsible statesmen to prevent another such conflagration, which would return the world "to the rule of brute force and baTJBarism of the dark ages." ?*The covenant of the league has been .assailed from two opposite sources," he continued. "The league wilLneither be a su^e.-State nor sov ereign^ nor a helpless, powerless as sociation of nations. The instrument ^CSeartins. the league is a 'covenant' en teredvinto by . sovereign States. One of 'T&eT- 'attributes, of sovereignty is ^he _ ability to make covenants or agree ^twis.*'* .That.a State reserves its full Vjs^>^reigrity; is conclusively settled by ^t?pe-provision allowing any member tc Withdraw: No nation, super or other ^.3^se,^'ever;. thus -expressly provided I means -for its dissolution. ?^r?This covenant," if ratified- by th? iSjen?te, ^ would-be no more nor - less ? *$iau a;treaty legalized under our con ' r*ituiion. The-plan for the formation <^*ttiei league is skillfully conceived ;aiid :the only one possible under ex isting political conditions. ^The assembly of the league will be ??tnposed of representatives of the members, who will be selected in ac . eo?dance with the laws of the respec ! py& States. In the case of. the United States, the representatives b*ing offl <fersr. created by treaty, would be ap ;pointed as provided by an act of con vgress. Much opposition has been urged because-a great nation, like the Unit ;ed^ States has only one vote in the as sembly: v .But what difference dpes the number of votes make. whejvupon ail important mattersiihe^s^on cf the w ..assernbiy" riRist' be "unanimous, or have the-unanimous concurrence of the council, upon which the United States isvpermanently represented? . .''The league could never be organ ized on any basis other than of equal representation. If members were ac corded difference in representation, upon what basis should the apportion ment be made? If upon population, China -and India would dominate the ifijB&te and the United States would have only one-fifteenth of the num **. bisedUpon wealth and mili tary power, the situation would be equally -as uncertain and unsatisfac tory, c * '"-What betier plan for disarmament could be devised? The council is di rected to prepare a general plan of disarmament for the consideration of the government, which plan is not binding upon any of the States until approved by that State. Under our government, the proposed plan to be ' ~^&ectiye in binding us must have the ^ sanction-of congress, which is en trusted under the constitution with the power of raising armies and equipping the navy. "Under article ten. each member of tfcfc; league undertakes, first to respect the territorial integrity and political independence of all other nations of ,*h> league. ..When the nations of the world, sobered by sorrow and .suf fering, are willing to raise their hands . and take this solemn pledge, are we ^wOTef?y and stubbornly to stand aside and become a stumbling block in the ' way;of the noble possessions that we ^^f&tfF&Hh covetous eyes and propose to. seize and annex? "The second obligation assumed by .'%9sd$-*l9em'ber is to 'preserve as against external aggression the terri torial integrity and existing political independence of all members of the iJeagBe.'-. This is a natural corollary from the first. In the former, we un dertake not to rob our associates our selves and in this we agree not to per mit others to do so. This guarantee of territorial integrity and political independence is limited to those cases where they are threatened or attack ed by external aggression and does not a,pply to revolution within nation. A nation's internal affairs are left undis turbed. Nationality, with its vital stimulating patriotism, would be pre served, given new life and opportun ity. "Thoughtful persons recognize the impotrance- of giving such a guarantee J now. at. ieaet for a limited period, if | the peace of the world is to be main ! Conflicts Occurred at Many ! j Places Throughout Country Today i _: I EIGHT PERSONS KILLED AT LUCERA 'At Other Places Numbers Were Killed and Many Wounded in j Fights with Police j Rome, July 15.?Strike disorders j occurred at various places in Italy i today. j At Luceran S persons were killed jand thirty wounded. Near Genoa two anarchists were killed in a fight, and a carabineer engagement with an J archists, which occurred four miles west of Genoa also resulted in the arrest of four anarchists. A general strike also began at Oai tanisetta, Sicily. The people there marched through the streets crying *'vive soviet" and forced dealers in foodstuffs and other necessities to j reduce their prices fifty per cent. j Judge Henry H. j Watkins [Anderson Man Nominated For Western District Washington, July 14.?tThe long fight for the vacancy on the bench or the federal court for the Western dis trict of South Carolina was settled here today by the nomination of Hen ry H. Vvratkins, a well known lawyer of Anderson. From the beginning of the fight Mr. Watkins' friends have left noth ing undone that would make his nomination certain. A week ago the crisis in the situa tion was reached. It then became ap parent that the nomination lay be tween Mr. Watkins and Judge Thomas S. Sease of Spartanburg, but a day or two ago it was announced as almost certain that Mr. Watkins would be selected. tained. The autocratic governments ' that controlled Russia, Germany, Aus ? triaand Turkey have been over thrown, but as yet no real, stable gov ernments established. Some of the ? new States created out of this im ; mense territory, without .the guaranty of the league, would be overthrown . and would return to the domination of their former oppressors. "Hon Elihu Root, former secretary of state, recognized the great imme ? diate need of this article and received i Iis acceptance with an amendment [ providing that any member could, af ter expiration of five years from the signing of the covenant, terminate it* ? obligation under the article. But un ? j der this covenant the United States, by giving notice of withdrawal from ? the- league, can limit her obligation ! to a time not far to exceed two years. If this treaty is ratified, the United States can fully perform her obliga tions to her allies to discharge her duties to the new nations she has aid ed in creating, and then honorably re tire. "It should be noted that when in this article we guarantee the terri torial integrity of all members of the league we receive at the same time from all of them a like guarantee of our territorial possessions. The Phil ippine Islands have occasioned us J great apprehension. In order to safe I guard these islands it will be neces sary for us in the present disturbed condition of the world to construct the largest navy afloat and hav. an army equal to that of any nation. Shall we embark upon this great mil itary expense or accept the league and with it the honorable pledge that Great Britain and Japan, the only two nations from which the islands could ever be threatened, would aid in pre serving them from all external ag gression 7 "We should also reflect that the Panama canal and the islands owned by us in the Caribbean sea are outly ing territories. Is our hold upon the canal lessened or strengthened by this article? "The article provides 'In case of any such aggression . . . the council shall advise upon the means by which this obligation shall be fiuifilled.' "The unanimous recommendation of the council is only advisory. Thus under article ten no troops of the United States could be sent to engage in war without the advice of her rep resentative in the council and the ap proval of her congress." Answering objections to the article affecting the Monroe Doctrine winch guarantees the validity of engage jments, "such as treaties of arbitration or regional understandings likt- the Monroe Doctrine for securing tin maintenance of pence," Senator Swan son declared the article undoubtedly made a "clear explicit reservation" of j the doctrine. j "If any conflict should ariso be tween the provisions of the covenant jand the Monroe Doctrine." he said, "as j far as we are concerned, the pro j visions of the covenant are annulled jand the Monroe Doctrine survives. We ; accept the covenant with this clear , reservation." j Objections that the dor-trine is nol ! ! particularly described in the article,! Mr. Swauson declared unfounded. ; "President Roosevelt in his annual! message of 1901." he continued, "in | I speaking of the Monroe Doctrine, said: 'It is simply a step and a long stop towards assuring the universal peace : of the world by securing the possi- : bility of permanent pence upon this hemisphere.* He distinctly limits the doctrine to the western hemisphere and commends it for securing the maintenance of peace.' FIGHT OPENS WITH BITTERNESS Committee Approves Resolution Asking Wilson For Information LIGHT SOUGHT ON THREE POINTS Shantung Settlement, Alleged Secret Japanese-German Pact. Costa Rican Status Washington. July 14.?Paving tn< way l'cr detailed consideration of the peace treaty, the senate foreign rela tions committee today approved three resolutions asking President Wilsor for information bearing on the Ver sailles negotiations. The resolutions concern the Shan tung settlement, an alleged secret &h demanding between Japan and Ger many and the failure to recognize Costa Rica as a belligerent. That re lating to the reported Japanese-Ger man agreement will be called up fo: passage tomorrow in the senate wher? during today's sfssion. debate on th< i actual ratification of the treaty besai with a display of bitter determination on both sides. The committee took n< action on President Wilson's surges ticn that- he explain direc tly disputec points on the peace settlement, thoug) the president reiterated to Iiis sup porters at- the Capital his readiness t< consult with the committee members He also discussed certain features o the treaty with several senators no on the committee at the White Kotus In the resolution to be pressed fo action tomorrow, the president i asked for a copy of a treaty said ii press dispatches to have been nego aatod in 1918, by which Japan wa to safeguard Germany's interests a the peace conference. Before votinj its favorable report th?* committe added a request for "any" further in formation oenccrning any negotiation between Japan and Germany durin; the progress of the war. The resolu tion was in troduced by Senator Lodge Republican, Massachusetts, chairma: of the committee. The Shantung resolution introduce! by Senator Borah. Republican, Idaho, would request a copy of a letter sai to have been written on behalf c Gen. Bliss, Secretary Lansing an Henry White protesting against th treaty previsions affecting Shantung Information also would be aske< "with reference to the attempt of Ja pan or her peace delegates to ihtimi date the Chinese peace delegates." The third resolution wouid inquir why Costa Rica "was not permitted to sign the peace treaty and whethe Xicaraguan forces are "now permit ted" to invade or threaten Costa Rica territory. The meastire was presente by Senator La Folletre. Republican Wisconsin. Both the Lodge and L Follette resolutions were reporter without a record vote, but on the Bo rah measure all the Democratic mem bers present voted in the negative. Today's meeting of the committe was in executive session, but Senato Hitchcock. -Nebraska, the senior Dem ocratic member, gave notice that h wolud move tomorrow that at futur sessions doors be opened to the pub lie. Sentiment on the proposal is di vided but some senators on both side of the treaty controversy7 are under stood to favor open sessions. At tomorrow's meeting action wil be sought on a resolution presented ii committee today by Senator Johnson Republican. California, asking for a! tentative drafts of the league of na tions covenant presented at Versailles particularly that presented by thi American delegates and "all proceed ings. arguments and debates," con cerning the league, as well as 4-al data bearing upon or used in connec tion with the treaty of peace wit1. Germany." . Senator Hitchcock, after a tele phone conversation with Presiden Wilson, told the committee that th< President was ready upon twenty I four hours notice to receive the ful j committee membership at any ham I of the day at the White House ane go over in detail any provision of th'. treaty or any questions involved i: the negociations. It was indicated thai Nebraska senator had not discusser with Mr. Wilson the possibility of hi: appearance before the committee al the capitoi, though some members to night thought that such an arrange ment still was entircl> likely. The senate debate was opened bj Senator Swanson. Virginia, a Demo cratic member of the committee, with a speech declaring American partici pation in the league of nation.", an absolute necessity to guaranteeing in the near future the reform.; resulting from pence. }(<> asserted there will be j no loss of sovereignty, and argued ?that article ten would be a great aid in guaranteeing the safety cf outlying Am eri ca n p ossessi o n s. The debate will continue tomorrow. Senator Morris, Republican, Nebraska, and Senator Underwood, Democrat. Alabama, being among these who ex pect to speak. Honors For Fliers Cleveland Holds Public Recep tion For Men Who Crossed Ocean Cleveland, July 15.?Lieut. Com mander Read of American seaplane NC-4 and bis companion trans-Atlan tic fliers, Lieut. Commander Belling er of the ill-fated .NC-1, and Lieut. Commander Towers, of the NC-:!, were the~miests at a public reception today at which Ensign Herbert N. Rodd, of Cleveland, the wireless operator on the NC-4, was presented with a silver cup by the city. Conflict Begins Between Two Cotton Associa tions 'SOUTHERN LEADERS OPPOSE WORLD CONGRESS President of American Cotton Association Not Pleased With Plans of Opposition Columbia. July 15.?.7. Skouowe Wanna maker, president oil the Amer ican Cotton Association-, last night is sued a call for :i m -fling of the board 1 of directors o? the American Cotton Association to be held in Atlanta at the Chamber of Commerce on July 2j' and 24. The first session will bo ? held at 10 o'clock on the morning ? of the 23rd. : It is not improbable thai at this ? meeting a fight will be launched or ? certain features of the proposed ? World Cotton Conference- to be held ! in New Orleans in October. The state i ment of Mr. Wannam?ker that a very t vigorous fight will be made on th< 1 preposition to organize a World Cot > ton Association to include farmers - merchants, bankers and also spinners I both New England and foreign spin 1 ners; It is generally understood ii - jetton circles that the effort to forn ) this organization is to be made a . the World Cotton Conference. l In announcing the onli for the di t rectors' meeting in Atlanta next week ; Mr. Wannamaker said last night: c "This meeting is called for the pur 5 pose of completing the plan for th( i permanent organization of the Amer - ican Cotton Association. In additior s to this, the board will consider th< t plans of th*' opposition, which are be ? ing put into effect throughout th< ? belt. This opposition comes from, pe? - pie outside <)f the South: is backet s by powerful money interests. I "This opposing force has a plan fo - an organization of a World Cotton As ; sociaticn. to include firmers, rner i chants, bankers and aiso spinners both New England and foreign spin :1 ner.-;. They state that this associatio: 1, would be along the line of a profit \ sharing organization and that it wil f prove very beneficial both to the pro X ducer and tbe manufacturer. &. "The American Cotton Associatio; ?. can not see it in this light. The ac \ ticn of this opposition has caused u - to sit up and take notice. Great pub - Jicity bureaus are being employed fo the purpose of pushing forward tin ? plans of the opposition. The New Eng " land and foreign spinners are already r thoroughly organized and they hav< - always opposed the best interests o: 1 the producer, and fought down th< I price of cotton regardless of how lov it was. Their movement today, it i? 1 thought, is due to the fact that th( j American Cotton Association ha . brought about wonderful changes fo; . ihe Letter throughout the cntin South. They realize that cotton wil ? never again under their administra r tion be sold below the cost of produc . tion. The spinner also realizes tha s the organization of the America! . Cotton Association means that then . will really be profit-sharing, and tha . the producer will get a price for hi: j cotton above tbe cost of production. "A plan is being advocated by those opposed to the organization of xh( I American Cotton Association to offe: , a. price this fall for next year's crop that will induce the planting of a: j j enormous acreage in cotton, so as tc .{reestablish the depleted surpluses oi raw cotton, so as to have a club with , Which to beat down prices, force dis . tressed cotton upon the market and . buy at starvation prices, i "The hands of the bear manipufcV - tors and the New England and foreign 1 spinners can plainly be seen. The men behind the American Cotton As . sociation, who have made tremendous ? sacrifices to form same, realize tha! , the great success accomplished has . erystalized this bitter fight against I j them. They realize further that any . association, including farmer:;, mer chants, banker:;. New England and , foreign spinners and bear manipula tors would mean the obliteration of the American <'<>t!on Association, the destruction of ail of the advantages .{gained, would prove a calamity to the j entire Souih, would bind again the [shackles of commercial serfdom to the producer. A battle royal is on. No quarter will be asked or given. We can organize and manage our own af fairs without outside interference. !The New England and foreign spin : ners and bear manipulators have jbeen organized for the last hundred years. Why should they attempt to r.day to interfere with the organiza tion of the producers of cotton, the farmer, the merchants, and ihe bank i.ers of the South. The people of the ; South have shown by the highest proof human nature can give that wherever Ihe path of duty and honor may lead, however steep and rugged it may be, they are ready to walk in it. They do not need outside assist ance and will r.ol tolerate outside in terference. They have won the race and will not be cheated out of the j prize. The feet that State-owned [and State-controlled warehouses, a [ price for cotton above the cost of pro duction, an arrangement whereby the! I bear manipulator can not force dis tressed cotton to be sold at starvation: 1 prices, and the many other important! I changes new on fool 'hat will prove : j beneficial lb the South, are distaste- i ? full and u nsatisfa oi. ory to tin- wealthy manipulators, will not prevent the 1 formation of the American Cotton As sociation b\ the loyal sons of the ^outh.-_ I Berne. July ].">.?Some of the Swiss cantons, including Zurich and Th?r-, gau. have forbidden ?ut?mobiling on Sunday. ' ARE YOU GOING TO BUILD? We Sell Everything iL M For Any Building. _ H?,:u Booth & McLeod, ^ I II rXCORPORATED *.:*.'! Senate Committee Restates About Locking Horns With President Over Treaty WILSON AWAITS THEIR CALL In Meantime Plans for Swing Around The Country Not Completed Washington, July 15.?Intimations that senate* foreign relations commit tee might not arrange for an early conference with President Wilson for a discussion of the peace treaty and the league of nations covenant led to the suggestion today that the presi dent might begin his tour of the country sooner than he had planned. The tixing of the itinerary for the "swing around the circle," it was un derstood had been delayed to await the completion of the committee's program in order that there should be no conflict. Exposing The Fakers Advertising Clubs Start Move ment to Stamp Out Fraudu lent Advertising New York. July 15.?It is not enough for the legitimate investment broker or the banker to interest him self in the movement to stamp fraud out of fmanciai advertising. He j should make such good use of adver tising in the building of his own bus iness that his advertising would edu cate the inexperienced investor, there by making it harder for the stock faker to reap his harvests of Liberty Bonds in exchange for fake oil, min ing or industrial stocks. That sums up one important phase of the program that is being built by the Financial Advertising Association for presentation at the annual con vention of the Associated Advertising Clubs of the World, which will be held in New Orleans September 21 to 25. The advertising association is spend ing thousands cf dollars in special in vestigations to uncover frauds in the [financial field. Some promoters have been sent to prison. Others have l>een exposed through widely circulat ed special reports. In the meantime, the bank adver tising men who make up the financial .j division of the organization are ptan [ j ning to do all they can toward the promotion of better advertising on the part of those who have legitimate se curities for sale, for they believe that a properly enlightened public would be the best possible fortification . J against the operators of fakers. 'j -: I Pershing in London ? ? Commander of American Army! Attends English Peace Cele bration London. July lf>.?General Persh ing. commander of the American ex-! peditionary -forces in France, arriv ed here with his staff this morning! to take part in the peace celebration. I He was met at Dover by Generali Herne and a guard of honor. Jews Under Arrest j Three Thousand Seized by Belaj Kun : Vienna, Friday. July 11 (By the As- j j sociated Press.?Three thousand Gali- j jcian .Jews have been arrested in the J ? streets of Budapest, according to ad-j vices reecived here today, j Bela Kun. head of the Hungarian soviet government reply to /i Polish protest against the arrests declared:; "Pogroms are bound to come here, j i but we do not want Hungarian Jews! ' to suffer for the acts of the Galician j (Jewish speculators who infest this j 'country. Also we refuse 'to return! ; money found on their persons/' Washington, July 15.?-Commander! i Frank A. King and six enlisted men'] were killed in the destruction of the | American mine sweeper Richard 51. ' Buckley by the explosion of a mine'] in the North Sea July 12ih. The , Buckley was, engaged in removing a'< mine range when a mine becameh became entangled in tlte sweepingT< cable, exploding under the shin's j"' stern. Commander King was a:?-h pointed from Alabama to the naval | ? academy in 1903. His wife lives in: ] Albany, Ala. I < NOTHING DOING ON RAIL PROBLEM Early Return of Roads to Own ers Renders Government Plans Useless ?i * i - : . "i I ' ? PROBLEMS TO BE i j WORKED OUT j Government Will Have to Form ! ulate Methods for Proper j Regulation _? Washington, July 15.?In view of I the statement by President Wilsm i that the railroads would be returned I to their owners at the end of this i year. Chairman Esch told the house j interstate commerce committee today ; that it would be useless to consider 'plans for the five year extension ?f ! government control. "Mindful of the [sentiment throughout the country on . the question of government owners ; ship. I think we should not spend ; much time on that proposition ' There are many problems to be work> ? ed out in the bill for the regulation cf I carriers that we are taking up and in j view of the president's declaration i nothing is to be gained by a discussion ! of the situation " Many Murderers Hanged Mexican Government on Job, i ? j States Ambasador Bonillas? Insurrections Put Down i Washington, July 4.?Murderers of ja number of American citizens in j Mexico have been apprehended an<? j executed by the Mexican government, ' which through expenditure of two I thirds of the republic's revenues in j the work of pacification, is slowly ire? j storing order, it was said today by i Ygnacio Bonillas, Mexican ambassa j dor to the United States, who has just : returned to Washington, after a J month's visit at Mexico City, j The statement by the ambassador j was the first announcement of any ; Mexican official of authority that any j of the perpetrators of the murders of I American citizens had been dealt ! with. The ambassador added that ^bandits and rebels in all parts of the ? country were returning to their homes j to till ihe land. To aid in this move I ment. he said, the government was j distributing agricultural implements. i Mexico'.i first duty, the ambassador I asserted, was to put down insurrection ! and for that reason large sums of j money were being spent in pacifica ; tion. This work, he said, was slow, j largely because the government could f not get sufficient arms and ammuhi I tion. He announced that he would"re I quest the United States government to permit the importation of more I munitions to be used in wiping out j rebels and bandits and in protecting . j the lives of nationals and foreigners alike. When the pacification of Mex ico had been accomplished, he said, the revenue now devoted to this end would be used toward paying off the interest on the foreign debt. "Mexico has never, and never will, repudiate her debts," he said. "'She should not be expected now to comply with her international obligations when her first duty is pacification of the country. Mexico has no fear at all of any unjust aggressions from its neighbors. She hopes they win appre ciate the efforts she is making to set her house in order." By the exclusion of Mexico from the league of nations, ho said, the Mexi can people felt they had been* very unjustly dealt with but harbored no ill will. Mexico hopes, he said, the time will come when she will be in vited to join the league. Day of Joy For French Fourtenth of July Was a Long Day of Celbration and Re joicng Paris. July 15.?Weak, but still oent upon continuing jts festivities until the last on nee of celebrative energy had been spent Paris kept up its "Victory Day" celebration well into the small hours this morning, each of the tra litional attractions of the fourteenth >f July?fireworks, free Performances in the national theatres and street lancing?found its particular crowd, rhe elimax of the night's proceedi ngs, however, was the appearance of 'Girandole." especially brought from riorence, where it was made for the )Ccasion.