Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Pobikhed Wednesday and Saturday ? ?by? OSTEEL PUBLISHING COMPAX1 SUMTER, S. O. Terms: t $1.&0 per annum??in advance. Advertisements. Ose Square first Insertion .. . .$1.0( Fyety.subsequent insertion.. ... .5( Contracts for three months, 01 ?longer will be made at reduced rates JJX communications which sub serve private interests will be chargec for as advertisements. Obituaiies and tributes of reaped WW becharged f er. Xhe "SumteT~Wa.tchman was found ed'5n 1850 and the True Southron ir XS6-6. The Watchman sad Southron now has the combined circulation anc influence of both of the old papers, and is manifestly the best advertising ii?i1wSPib\ni S?i*??m-i 11 t??n- ? ti BROAD WAGON TIRES. - ? - ' Wisconsin, like several other States, does?'not propose to build a lot of fine roads and then have them all cut up by narrow wagon tires. A highway tr?fic act has just been enacted which, after July 10, 1920, will bar the -.sale of the two-inch-tired farm wagon. . Buggies drawn by horses and for pleasure-, uses and holding less than eight people may still use the narrow ?rest.hut three inches or over is the legal width for heavier conveyances. ?^Xt Is interesting to see the legal measures for - keeping roads in good condition keep pace with the im proyoment of the roads themselves, liie narrow-tired, heavy vehicle is one. of; the worst road cutters known. Heavy- wagGGS are hard enough upon roads at best, and now that every highway is liable to the destruction inevitably resulting from the use of motor trucks, every possible precau tion must be taken to prevent un - necessary damage. Judged by the standard of working both ways, the wide-tire measure is a'-ijood rule, for the broad wheel which does not cut the road also makes hauling easier. . V "EAT MORE BEEF." The Department of Agriculture urges the public to eat more meat especially beef. The appeal is made foi*rthe benefit of the cattle industry. <TEhe cattle men are said to threatened with ruin because. of the sudden change* in market conditions caused by the. end'of the war. Pur^ injjr the war years, under the stimulus of- . ah'''abnormal ?emand abroad American herds were greatly increas . g* -. ed. It was made, possible to exporl last year nearly-600,000^000 pounds ol beef,-.about, four times as much as tht exports, without depleting th? national supply of live stock. In fact the^herds seem to'have kept right or increasing. ,^\ow\ the. export, demand has sud denly fallen off. _ Europe is getting beef from Australia and South Ameri ca^ tthough it still demands American pork. Thus there is 'much more beef than usual available for the do mestic market. ;?lJKe" domestic demand, however, re mains below normal. There are twe reasons for this. One is a continuance of\the self-denial practiced during the war, from patriotic motives. Mil lions of people have an impressing that they ought to keep on saving meat, though the need of that has passed. The other reason is the continuance of *high prices. It is no use to ask ihr public to increase its beef consump tion very much as long as the bee! costs as much as it does at present. The same statement in which the Department of Agriculture asks foi increased consumption shows-the in justice of these prices. Federal in vestigators have found that while the cattle-raisers are gettmg about 2-: . per cent less for their cattle thar they got four months ago, and have no ready sale at that rate, and while wholesale prices for beef have drop ped to almost the same extent, retai prices have not gone down more thar 10 per cent on the average, and ir many cases have actually risen. ? It looks, therefore, as if the retail ers'are to blame for a situation unfah alifre to the beef-producers and beef consumers. If they will lower theii prices in harmony with wholesale prices, the public demand will b< stimulated" and cattle-raisers will be encouraged to remain in the busines and keep up their herds. The packers, too. can undoubted!: help; for. largely by the device o raising the price of hides about G( per cent since March 1, they are saie to be making more money than eve: on their beef. TWO-CENT POSTAGE. The war-rates on first-class mai matter have now been lowered, ane letters may be mailed for two cent an ounce, as formerly. Postcards an likewise reduced from two cents t< the old one-cent rate. It may seem a trivial thing. Man; people say they care little what th< letter rate is?they spend so small ; part of. their income on postage. Bu It is no trifle to the government. That extra cent on letters and postcards In creased the postoffice revenues ?126, 000,000 in less than two years. You paid it. Everybody paid it. though some naturally paid more than others. It bore with special weight on business concerns that -use the mails freely for correspondence and advertising. It resulted in some useful improve ments and reforms, such as stopping the wasteful old practice of always sending receipts for small payments, even when they are made by check:, which, when endorsed, arc good enough receipts for anybody. It also stopped the cluttering of the mails with some useless correspondence. But in the main, it was a tax on use ful communication and thus a tax on intelligence and constructive business. So it is well abolished. The government still needs money, but it can raise it better in some other way?for example, in the form of taxes accruing from the profits on increased business duo to lower post age. AID FOR THE INDUSTRIALLY WOUNDED. Four thousand American men suf fered amputations as a result of their war service. The annual toll in Amer ican industrial plants is 26,000. The so-called reconstruction of the maimed was the topic of much con versation during the war, and has been since its conclusion. Careful study has been made of the subject. Great improvements in the construc tion of artificial limbs have been made, machinery has been especially designed for the use of the crippled, old industries have been adapted and new ones developed to help these wounded patriots back to their places among-the normal ones of earth. Nobody cohld wish that it should be otherwise, for our debt to these men is great. But assuredly our in dustrial army, which presents so many more -cases needing the same sort of aid, should .also reap the bene fits of aH tfns increased knowledge. The development of public and pri vate organizations to extend the work among our crippled soldiers of indus try is one of the most urgent duties. In every walk of life the preven tion'of accident should .have first con sideration but as long as human kind is human, accidents still will happen, and to their unfortunate victims ev ery modern aid should be accessible. LOOKING BACKWARD. Somebody has dug up a letter writ ten to a man in Hartford, Conn., in 1820, by a pioneering brother who had settled in Ohio. It contains this inter esting reference to the liquor situation of that period: "Whiskey is the . principal drink used in all this .western country, and is drunk in great abundance. The principal reason of this, probably, is the want of a market for their, sur plus quantity of grain, which induces the inhabitants to convert it into whis key, which is very cheap in conse quence." There seems to have been little "problem" about it in those days. It was evidently not thought of as a moral problem or efficiency problem. They wanted something to drink; they had more grain than they could cat or sell, so they made their surplus into whiskey and drank the whiskey. This experience was duplicated in many parts of the United States in the early days?and to some ?Stent in the days not so early. The whiskey of that time was evi dently not the potent stuff to which the present generation has been ac customed. It was probably more like the Southern "moonshine," which is commonly said to be drunk "by the tumblerful," without the consequences that would result from such consump tion of the usual high-proof whiskey of commerce. Still, it had its cfTect. With all the virtues posed by those pioneering ancestors, sobriety hard ly ranked as high among them as it has among their descendants of re cent decades. And they would have been amazed at the prophetic sugges tion that their grandchildren and great-grandchildren would pronounce alcohol an intolerable evil. THE EMBLAMATIC DAISY. A controversy has arisen over the daisy, as a result of the selection of that flower as an emblem by the "lib erals" who want the prohibition laws relaxed. An ardent woman prohibitionist, in a letter to a newspaper, makes this withering comment: "What better emblem could have been chosen by the 'wets?' The daisy ?hated by farmers as a pest, of abso lutely no value to man or beast! "Just as animals refuse to drink beer, so they refuse to eat the daisy. It crowds into .fields of grain, it runs riot in meadows, ^spoiling the hay, and spreads like a thing evil over pas tures. "Animals turn from it with con tempt, nibbling the short grass which struggles up to life from among the roots of the daisy. "The daisy?true emblem of boo7,e ?if allowed to Temain, crowds out oi the pasture the life giving, food producing grass and eventually drives the animals to starvation; forces its way into fields of grain, spoiling the harvest and occupying space which should be used to grow food. "Booze?if allowed to remain? drives not cattle but men. women and innocent children to starvation. The 'daisy-wearing- man' takes the grain which God gives us to use as the 'staff of life,' and makes of it the 'curse of life.'" Over against this arraignment might be set the testimony of Chaucer, the "father of English poetry," who wrote, 500 years ago, in his "Legende of Fair Women:" "Of alle the fioures in the mede, Than love I most these fioures white and rede Such as men callen dayseyes in our toun. So glad am I, whan that I have pres ence Of it, to doon it alle reverence, As she that is of alle fioures flour. Fulfilled of all vertue and honour. And ever ilike faire and fresshe of hewe. Alias, that I'nc had Englissh, ryme or prose, S?ffisant this flour to preyse aryght!" So the reader may take his choice. Perhaps, though, no choice is really necessary. Perhaps they are both right. The modern feminine critic was speaking from the viewpoint of util ity, the poet from the viewpoint of art. Still, it is rather hard to harmonize the two estimates?just as it is to harmonize the opposite estimates of alcohol._^^^^^^^^^ THE PEACE TREATY. The peace treaty is now formally and officially before the country for approval or rejection. It is the big gest, most complex and comprehen sive treaty ever negotiated in the his tory of the world. It deals with more nations, touches more different sets of interests and phases of life and at tempts to solve more problems than any other half-dozen treaties taken to gether. Being so big and complicated a doc ument, it is difficult for even the most expert lawer or statesman to grasp in all its bearings and its endless detail. It may safely be said that no man liv ing, not even any of the three men who had most to do with shaping it, know all about the treaty. But the nation is not greatly con cerned, and need not be, with details and ramifications. The nation is in terested mainly in the few big prin ciples involved, and in finding out whether the terms as worked out at Paris measure up to those principles and' are likely to insure their applica tion to international affairs hereafter. These, fortunately, are things few in number, capable of being stripped of detail and diplomatic terminology and made understandable by any man or woman who is gifted with ordinary intelligence and will take the trouble to use it. Discussion up to this time,, in the United States senate and elsewhere, but especially in the senate, has been in many respects confusing rather than illuminating. The document was not in final form. Some things bitter ly criticised or warmly praised have been changed, or eliminated. The treaty is virtually rewritten. Moreover, there has been entirely too much po litical partisanship displayed. The presentation of the official text to the senate opens a new deal." Pre vious discussion may well be disre garded. The question is, ??. nat do the American people think, now, of the treaty which the representatives of the allied powers have drawn up, and which Germany has ratified. Of course it is not perfect. Of course it has many defects. Of course I it leaves 3ome things unsettled. Quite possibly it containues many injustices. I Possibly it creates some new ones. Xo wise man expects perfection, where so much is attempted. The question up for decision is whether this treaty, including its ambitious project for a League of Nations, is as good a treaty as it was possible to make under ex isting conditions, and whether it seems to offer a fair prospect of accomplish ing the purposes desired by the peo ple of the United States? Every citizen owes it to himself and his country to study the ' treaty, through all the means accessible, open-mindedly, without partisan or racial or sectional bias, until he ar j rives at a conclusion which satisfies I him, and which he is prepared to ex ; plain and defend. If this is done, there need be no doubt about the nation deciding rightly, and the sen late registering that decision. THE NEW FARM HOUSE. One of the great advances in the near future is in the type of residence to be built upon the farm. The old type of house, reared in the cheapest, quickest way because of necessity, j added to in spots as prosperity per | mitted. was never satisfactory to any j one. The new type is to be not mere j ly a shelter and crude cookhouse, but a place where living may be com fortably conducted. The Country Gentleman publishes group of plans which are competing for the privilege of being used for a "Model Farmhouse" to be built at the HARBY & CO., Inc. COTTON AND FERTILIZER MERCHANTS If you have cotton to sell, see us, it will pay you. If you have fertilizer or fertilizer materials to buy it will pay you to see us before you buy, Cash or approved collateral. 9 West Liberty Street University of Wisconsin. The com mon features of all of them are living room, dining-room, kitchen*laundry, office and lavatory on the first floor. The best of them is so arranged that besides the front entrance into a hall between living-room and dining-room, so that each is protected from open ing doors and muddy boots, there is also an entrance from a rear porch into a passage connecting with a cross hall. This permits the farm hand to enter, wash up, talk business or rest a few moments in the office, and go to the dining-room or screen ed porch for his meal without passing through living-room, kitchen or laun dry. The advantages of this arrange ment to any woman who does house work will be obvious. There is home privacy, business efficiency and mini mized labor. That running water and a central heating plant are called for in .vl these plans goes without saying. No modern farmer will consider a house without these things. The new generation of farmer's wives will not endure the hardships which used to be considered as the inevitable accompaniment of farm life. Nor should they. With reasonable 'ar rangements for financing, good hous ing is as easy to secure as bad, and in the long run far more economical as well as desirable. ?KOAD-BtJILDIN'G EXHIBITS. Government authorities have pre pared exhibits to show different types of road construction in the United States. ? In connection with the dis play there are photographs illustrat ing the results of the various methods used. Arrangements already have been made to present these exhibits at 57 fairs. If bad roads continue to hold sway, it will not be for lack of public instruction on good road building and its advantages. Rural districts especially are apt to submit to bad roads as a sort of nec essary evil; but if this display can be given wide enough prominence, al most any rural district may be arous ed to rise and claims its own. The exhibit should be of interest and value in any community and might well be secured by fair associa tions generally. A letter of inqu ry to the Department of Agriculture should bring all necessary information re garding it. GERMAN SHAME. i All Germany is still whining about the "shame" of the peace treaty, as if it were a disgrace inflicted on Ger many by outside powers. It is an abuse of words. The Ger man dramatist Grillparzer, as Max Harden reminds his fellow-country men, wrote truly: "I know only one shame on earth, and that is to do wrong." The shame lies in the crimes com mitted by the German government and the German army with the en thusiastic support of the German na tion. What Germany is enduring now is merely the logical consequence of those crimes. And if the Germans showed any moral appreciation of the horrors and injustices they com jmitted, if they were really and hear tily ashamed of their deeds, that in 'itself would do much to wipe out the I shame and win them some respect. Last year a woman spent one dol lar for seeds, 5? cents for plowing and another dollar for a load of ma nure for her 4 0 foot back-yard gar den. In that garden she raised plenty , of vegetables for her family of five jfof* summer use with enough left over to can 360 pints of vegetables for her: winter supply. This summer she ex pects to make a better record still. * * * "Rioting for food." as the Italians! are doing in many of their cities, may serve to appease hunger temporarily, but it doesn't increase the food supply. What is needed in Italy and in every other country whose resources are de pleted by the war is for the people to settle down to productive work and I for the public authorities to give them j 'intelligent help and direction, County Boartl Meeting The County Board of Commissions met on July 1st with all members present. The minutes of meeting of June 3 were read and approved. A delegation from Privateer section, consisting of Messrs. Haron. Cain. Haynsworth; Kolb and others appear ed before the board in reference to I the condition of the roads in that sec tion. , Members of this delegation stat ed that they felt that their section had been neglected, that the roads were in very bad condition and they asked for help. Chairman McLaurin outlined the general situation as to available road building resources and equip ment- at the disposal of the county authorities and the difficulty which confronted the board. The board promised to have the county engineer investigate the condition in Privateer section and if possible map out plans for improvement and' betterment. Mr. H. W. Harby appeared before the board and presented an offer of rights of way and a petition to open up a new road in the Privateer sec tion. The board promised to take the j matter under advisement. The following resolution introduc ed by Commissioner Mims was adopt ed: Resolved that the board is anxious to improve the condition of the roads in Privateer township and that the county engineer is directed to inves tigate the same and see if the im provement cannot be handled by con tract. Engineer McLellan reported that since last meeting work on Bossard read had been completed and it was now in good shape, that 2% miles of Sumter to Dazell road had been im proved. Crew that was to go to road to Clarendon county line had ibeen held pending fixing the ditches. :The chain gang that was to go to Shiloh section had been temporarily diverted to Grahah's Crossing which ;had been put in good condition. This .gang would go to Shiloh section to morrow. Reported work on Blacl' River road progressing slowly. A letter was received from Countj Attorney Jennings, relative to re turn of Harry Bowman, convice, from State to County, Superintendent San ders having refused to surrender nep ro, although the Attorney-General ad vises him to do so. The matter wa referred Commission LeNoir to con fer with Supt. Sanders and repor; back to board. County Engineer McLellan submit ted report in detail showing expendi ture of funds for month of June. The board approve the expenditures. County Engineer estimated that he would need $1,000 for month of Julj and the board authorized the issue of warrant for this amoj^it. Dr. B. McLauchlin and others ap peared before the board relative tc proposed relocation of the road from Dalzell to Rembert forming a part of the State Highway System and pro tested against such relocation. Pe titions signed by citizens of this sec tion against such relocation was filed with the Board. The Board promis ed to give the matter its considera tion. ? - Mr. Alex Thompson, cotton weigh er, appeared before the board and made a statement as to the cotton platform situation. He stated that the cotton scales had been burned in the recent fire and that the cotton warehouse company does not care to put back the scales at its expense. This company, however, would put back the scales and charge the county ?. yearly rent of $100. He stated that the public seemed to prefer automatic scales and suggested that the county put in these scales at an estimated cost of $700. The board adjourned for dinner from 1.30 to 3.00 o'clock. Mr. R. F. Haynsworth appeared be fore the board with reference to the cotton platform situation, stating that his company would have the plat forms ready in time for cotton move ment and that same would be a great deal more convenient than the old platform, that two approaches to the new platform were being provided instead of one as formerly, that his company was now negotiating with the railroad company and that concrete plaltorms will be built if possible, otnerwise wooden plaforms would be used. The clerk was directed to pay Po licemen Bradley, who was sick, his sal ary for month of June. It was re ported that Policeman Bradley was improving very slowly. Reports were received from the Rural Policemen, County Health Sur vey and County Demonstration Agent and ordered filed. The Board took up the matter as to a site for a new jail building, and af ter inspecting available property it was moved and seconded that the new jail be erected on the lot now owned by the County being a part of the original court house grounds pur chase, situated on the Smithside of Law Range and measuring 47 1-2 by 156 1-2 feet, the clerk was directed to notify the jail building commission to this effect. Chairman McLaurin stated that Mr. Geo. F. Epperson nad agreed to move negro houses in front of presei.t jail ~":e as soon the pres ent old jail was removed, if other property owners of a like class of property in this neighborhood will agree to do the same. The clerk was directed to see all of these parties and get them to sign an agreement tov'do this and then to advertise the jail property for sale and invite sealed bids preserving the right to reject i any or all bids. I An application was received from W. j. Brunson for admission to the ! almshouse. The application was re ferred to Commissioner Britton for in vestigation and report. Requisition was received from the almshouse for material for clothing, which was j authorized. An aplication from Su I perintendent Nunnamaker of the Almshouse for an increase in per I diem rate for inmates, based i on the increased cost of all necessa ' ries. The Board made the per diem per inmate 50 cents. Clerk reported that brokers were interested in buying 5 per cent road improvement bonds at par and ' it was moved, and carried that these bonds be sold to the highest bidder requiring a 2 per cent deposit The Auto Race Track Association requested the use of one road crew to assist in getting track in condition 'forTraces on July 4. This was granted j and the county engineer was directed I to render bill to association for ser vices. The board directed that-the cotton weighers purchase the scales neces sary. The present rate of pay for weighing to be continued until the prices of labor declines. / ? . Letter was received from Mr. J. I*. j Respess, certified public accountant, i as to the auditing of the books of the j county. Action on this was deferred." I Aplication was received from Mr. (H. B. Boykin for recommendation-of. I board for reappointment as rural po I liceman. The board endorsed this i application and directed the clerk.to advise the governor accordingly. ? "' Letter was received from County Superintendent of Education, Hayns worth, asking that certain school districts be authorized to make tem-v porarly loans in anticipation of col [ ection of school taxes. This was luthorized. Destroy Enemy Insects. Washington, July 9.?July is the :nonth to kill enemy insects says a ;tatement from the American Forestry Association. Charles Lathrop Pack, president of the association, estimates . he annual feast of enemy insects costs this country $500,000,000. To ^heck this annual feed the association makes these suggestions for July: "Spray fruit trees with bordeaux lead. " Spray elms for elm leaf beetles with arsenate of lead, one pound to ten gallons of water. Spray, for forest tent caterpillars with arsenate of lead Tsame proportion.) Spray tussock mot^r-aud ??her lead eating insects with arsenate dfXea?* (same propor tion.) "If woolly aphis is found on under side of beech tree leaves spray with whale oil soap, one pound to teu gal lons of water. Use the same combi nation on the red spider that may be found on prostrate junipers, yew, and box. The sycamore blight may be found in the shape of a white woolly mass on the under side of leaves causing them to curt-rand wilt. Get the bordeaux mixture in proportions of one pound to eight gallons ?f wa ter. "A good way to destroy caterpillars is to drive carpet tacks part way into a long stick end. Catch your web at highest point and start turning in until you have the web then plunge into any liquid that will kill them." WANTED?To haul your tobacco to Sumter. Any quantity. For rates Phone 372?J. Parrish Dray Line. BEEHIVES AND SUPPLIES?I have lately received a few Georgia made hives and fnames?8 and 10 frame size. Also on hand sections and foundation for comb honey. N. G. Osteen, 320 W. Hampton Ave. BEESWAX WANTED?Any quantity large or small Am paying best cash price. See me if you have any. N. G. Osteen. _ PROFESSIONAL NOTICE Mr. George D. Levy Announces His Discharge from the Army And the Resumption ; Of His Law Practice With Offices At ."> ;? NO. 6 LAW RANGE, :1 SUMTER. S. C. Hour Kodak Finishing All rolls developed 10c; packs > 20c up; prints 2 l-2c-4c-5c; enlarging 35c up. Specialists?we do nothing but kodak finishing. All work guar anteed to please. Eastman Kodaks, Films, Supplies. Columbia Photo Finishing Co* 11 It 1 Taylor Street, CohimJMfc S, 0.