The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, July 02, 1919, Image 3
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lerve private interests will be charged
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frill be charged for.
The Sumte? Watchman was found
ed Sn 1S50 and the True Southron in
2366. The Watchman and Southron
now has the combined circulation and
influence of both of the old papers,
and is manifestly the best advertising
medium in Sumter.
TREES FOR EVERYBODY.
_
Reforestation in Massachusetts is
well started now. Just recently the
State set out 2,000,000 evergreen
trees, raised on State nurseries. That
is said to be the largest number ever
planted in the State in a single year.
According to Massachusetts State
forester, F. W. Rane, the most hope
ful part of it is that there is a gen
eral . public interest in fprestry mat
ters which is steadily increasing. The
people seem to be awake to the value
of forestry work and eager to have
the reforestation carried on. It may
not he long: before they are setting
out 10,000,000 trees a year instead of
a fifth of that number.
This is as it should be. Every State
ought to be planting gTeat tracts of
trees annualy. Private land owners,
too, should have a .keen interest in the
work. There should be trees for
beauty and shade as well as others
for future commercial purposes. If
the intelligent interest of the public
continues to grow in all parts of the
country, the time will be nearer when
we shall see shade trees along every
highway, when no town will be with
- out its beautiful trees and every fam
ily will have at least one lovely tree
growing where children and adults j
alike m^ay see and enjoy it.
TRAVELS AT HOME.
, It is not possible for every one to j
take long vacations or protracted
journeys, but a lot of pleasure can be
got out of traveling at home. This
does not mean jpouring over the atlas
by the evening -lamp. It means
taking little jaunts to places-in one's
own town or the near vicinity.
Nearly every town and village and
city has interesting and beautiful
scenery within short walking or rid
ing distance.
in the big cities the east side of the
town is frequently unknown to the
west, and the south to the north.
Many a 'dweller in a country village
sighs for the advantages of travel and
longs to gaze upon the "beauties of na
ture far away, when he has only to
take a fifteen cent trolley ride to find
himself in a ravine ae charming as
anything in Europe, or beside a lit
tle body of water which for clearness
and rippling beauty is not excelled by
any Italian lake.
? There are historic places scattered
all over this country, little ceme
teries, old battlefields, sites of Indian
ce-*brations or other interesting spots.
Pleasure and information can be
gained from visits to local manufac
tories or days spent watching or chat
ting with the foreign population.
The mere fact that one cannot
travel all the world around is no rea
son why one should be dull or pro
vincial. There is beauty, culture, ed
ucation everywhere, within a few
miles of home.
AMERICA AND IRELAND.
Edward De Valera, who bears the
somewhat debatable title of Presi
dent of the Irish Republic, was told
on has way to America of the senate
resolution asking that the Paris con
ference give him a hearing. He re
plied : \
"America is the hope of ?he world.
1 never for a moment doubted the
sincerity of her war aims."
This remark suggests a situation re
garding which there ought not to be
any misunderstanding. With De Val
era now in America, and with a big
propaganda in Ireland's behalf under
way in this country, with the work of
the Peace Conference not entirely
ended", with the League of Nations not
yet forr-.ally sanctioned and with fu
ture Srit&h-Ameriean relations still
? j
to be determined, it is well that thel
j
relations existing between Ireland and j
the Uniter States should bo clearly!
understood. t
From De Valera's standpoint, one
might gather that the United States
went to war to free Ireland. With
all the sympathy and friendship that
the American people have always felt j
for Ireland, it must be said that that;
i
was not one of America s "war aims, i
If there was any thought of Ireland j
in the public mind when we entered!
the war. it was a feeling of disap-j
pointment that she had not perceiv
ed the vital issues at stake as clearly!
as America had, and had not played J
so fine a part in the struggle as the
Irish traditions and interests seemed
to demand.
As matters stood, America did fight
for Ireland during the. past two years,
but did so only in the general sense
that America was fighting to keep
Germany from enslaving the world.
Ireland was a part of that world; Ger
man succes would have meant Ger
man domination of Ireland, and that
would probably have been much worse
than British domination.
As a result of the wa?, allied pur
poses have been expanded to a plan
which aims at self-determination for
all nations. That includes Ireland,
naturally. But that does not mean
that the United States is bound to
step in and deliver Ireland from Eng
land as we delivered Cuba from
Spain.
The principle of self-determination
can be applied directly, immediately
and fully only with regard to the sub
ject nationalities liberated from the
tyranny of the Central Empires. The
Paris Conference is a war confer
ence. It cannot presume to interfere
in the internal arrangement of any
of the allied powers represented. And
the United States, as a participant of
that conference, can no more demand
that Great Britain free Ireland than
Great Britain can demand that the
United States free the Philippines or
Porto Rico.
Any such formal, demand would be
improper, and would be bitterly re
sented. And it is necessary, now anc
hereafter, for the sake of civilization,
that America and Britain get along
amicably together.
The settlement of a world-war is
one thing. Moral support for a long
oppressed nation striving after free
dom is another thing. This the Amer
ican people can and will give Ireland.
Americans will use their best efforts j
informally, to persuade the British to
grant Ireland the largest possible
measure of self-government. Ireland j
should expect no more than this.
The former booze-?ghters are re
venging themselves on the teetotallers
by drinking up all the soft drinks on
the market, and sending prices up ac
cordingly.
THE FINAL BREACH OF FAITH.
The Germany must be disappointed
in the midst of their silly exultation
Dver the scuttling of their war fleet, by
the calmness with which that crown
ing strode of "German honor" has
been received in allied countries.
There are plenty of men in high
place in all the allied governments:
cvhose sentiments, spoken or unspoken
agree with those of the American na
ral officer who cried, "Thank God for
.his news!"
Few Americans were definitely . in
favor of sinking the German fleer, be
cause such a plan seemed wasteful.
But few Americans really expected, or
wanted, any of those ships for this
country. Expert opinion Nhas been
given to the effect that most of them.;
i
while all right for Germany, were not
adapted to American use and wrould
not have fitted properly into the
American navy. Tne Eritish experts
were not much more enthusiastic. J
Their disposal, nevertheless, was rec-1
cgnized as a delicate question. Per-1
haps the Germans by taking matters
into their own hands have unwilling
ly done the allies a service.
There is resentment at the sneak
ing trick perpetrated by the repre- j
sentatives of the German navy?an
other item in the long record of Ger
man faithlessness to the honor-code |
of civilization. There is also actual i
disappointment among certain of the j
smaller allied nations that hoped to j
get some of the warships. But in
general, the fruit of what was prob
ably planned as a final blow to in
jure the allies is simply this?increas
ed contempt for a nation of pledge
breakers. Lot Germany get what sat
isfaction she can out of that.
What's the most patriotic family i
in America? The Smith family, of;
course. It furnished 51,000 soldiers'
for the war.
WIBELESS DEVELOPMENT.
-
Government ownership is not a|
term to conjure with in this countn j
at present. Even public control of
business is under a cloud. The na
tion is frankly relieved at the retu?n
of the telegraphs and teb-phcnes to!
their owners, and the imminent re- !
turn of the railroads. If is not a fa
vorable time to suggest any extension)
of federal management.
Nevertheless, there are sonn? pretty j
good reasons ^or suggesting a brand;
new enterprise on the part of the gov
ernment, in the realm of cornmunica-!
lion. Wireless telegraphy is rapidly |
1 Hour Kodak Finishing;
All rolls developed 10c; packs!
2^c up; prints 2 l-2c-4e-f?c; enlarging;
35c up. Specialists?we do nothing!
but kodak finishing. All work guar-j
anteed to please. Eastman Kodaks,
Films, Supplies.
Columbia Photo Finishing Co.,;
1111 Taylor Street, Columbia, S. C.(
i being developed to a point where it i
j can be made extremely serviceable to j
{the nation, for every-day use in bus-!
iness and private life. Wireless tele-j
phony also is becoming practical.;
These means of communication are
not yet organized and extended like;
the wire telegraph and telephone lines, i
From their nature, it is more difficult
for private enterprise to handle them
satisfactorily on a national scale.
TFhv should not the government go
i
into the wireless business, supple-!
I
menting the work of the postotfice?;
The government already has many j
powerful wireless stations. It has
large numbers of wireless experts at
its disposal?both engineers and oper
ators. It has a great stock of mater
ial. It has devices and ideas aeca
mulated during the war and not yet
Used. With the help of the wireless
branches of the army and navy, it
may be that a national wireless ser
vice could soon be developed far be
yond anything of the sort yet existing
anywhere, without undue expense, and j
able to protect itself from the ama
teur interferences to which private j
wireless companies are subject.
A RAILROAD POLICY.
Next to the "*peace treaty, the big- j
gest job ahead of Congress is the re- j
turn of the railroads.
It is recognized that the roads can- j
not simply bo dumped on the hands j
of their owners.. The "unscrambling" J
process is complex. They have been j
so closely interlinked in federal pper
ation that if they are to be separat
cd, the job must be done carefully.!
And there is much question whether
they really ought to be separate ! !
completely into their old units.
It is a question of creating a new ?
railroad policy. The Sherman law no
longer wems sufficient. It served a
good purpose in its time, in correcting
monopolistic abuses. But now, strict
ly interpreted, it seems to cripple de
velopment in railroading as in some
other big industries. It is not likely
to be repealed, but there is much
talk of amending it to permit some
things now forbidden.
Federal management during the
war, though disappointing1 in many
respects proved that in transportation
particularly there are great advan
tages in centralized authority. The
railroads of the country can undoubt- i
edly give the nation better service,
and give it cheaper, if" they are aijle
to work together more completely?if
they can emphasize the principlo of
co-operation more than that of com
petition.
Rates of course must be kent red
sonable, and service must be kept
good, but perhaps these aims can be
attained by public regulation as well
as private competition, or by a more
judicious mixture of the two methods, j
Whatever system is adopted, the!
government will probably have mere!
to do with tho railroads than before!
the war. The Interstate Commerce1
Commission may he given larger
powers. There may be federal au-1
thority over the finances. But it is
recognized that the part played by the
government must be less negative and J
repressive, more constructive and j
helpful. What is wanted is a friend
ly and effective partnership between
public authorltyxana private enter-j
prise. j
A good, progressive railroad policy, j
once worked out, might be applied j
profitably to other forms of business, j
It is an opportunity calling for real j
statesmanship.
They Fear tho Germans.
Berlin, May 28.?Generals Boehm-j
ErmoHi, Auffenberg, Rehmen and
Dantari. four well-known generals oi
the former Austro-Hungarian armies
have offered their services to the
CzechOrSlovak government The offei
has been refused.
Does your work subject .von
;?> eye strain? I'our eyes may
have been normal in youth,
but gradually the muscles,
which furnish the accommo
dation of focusing weaken with
use and age. When the crys
tilline lens of your camera eye
refuses to automatically change
its foci you are in need <>f our
Optometrie experience. Wc will
lit you with the proper glasses.
nc.
COTTON MD FERTILIZER KMUIT
If you have cotton to sell, see us, it will pay you.
If you have fertilizer or fertilizer materials to buy it will pay
you to see us before you buy, Cash 6r approved collateral
9 West Liberty Street
Assumes Full
. Responsibility,
Beihmann-Hollweg, Former \
German Chancellor Would
Take Blame for War Acts
Off Former Emperor
Berlin. Saturday, June 2S (By the j
Associated Press)?Dr. Theobald von
Bethmann-Hollweg, former German |
chancellor, has formally asked the al
lied and associated powers to place
him on trial instead of the former em- !
peror. The former chancellor says
that he assumes responsibility for the
acts of Germany during: his period of
office and places himself at the dis
posal of the allies.
The request of the former chancell
or was made on June 25 in a commu
nication to Premier Clemenceau,
president of the conference. Dr. von
Bethmahn-Hollwegr, it is said, desired
to take this step on May :S0 but re
frained at that time on the expressed
wish of the German government The
communication asked Premier Clem- !
enccau to bring the following: docu- j
ment to the knowledge of the allied j
and associated powers.
?'In Article 227 of the peace terms,
the allied and associated powers pub- ;
licly'arraign his majesty, William IT,
of Hohenzoliern, former German em- j
peror; for a supreme offense against:
international morality and the sane- |
tity of treaties. At the same time
they announced their resolve to ad-!
dress a request to the government of i
the Netherlands for the surrender of ]
the former emperor for purpose of
trial.
"With reference thereto I take the
liberty of addressing a request to the
powers to let the projected proceed
ings against his majesty, the emper
or, be taken against mc. For this ob
ject I hereby place myself at the dis
posal of the allied and associated pdw
ers^_ ^
I "As former German imperial chan
cellor, I bear for my period of office
sole responsibility, as regulated in the
Gorman constitution for the political !
;acts of.the emperor. I believe I may
deduce therefrom the claim that the
; recokning which the allied and asso
ciated powers desire to demand for
these actis shall be demanded solely of
i me.
"Being convinced that the allied
and associated powers will not deny
international respect to the legal
position fixed by public constitutional
j law. I may express the hope that they
I will be inclined to yield to my urgent
reqest..
(Signed) "Von Bethmann-Kollweg/'
Dr. von Bcthmann-Holhveg was
; German chancellor from If;00 to July
14. 1917. He succeeded Prince von
: Buelow.
! The definition of the treaty guaran
' teeing the neutrality of Belgium as
"a scrap of paper" was made by von
Bethmann-Hollweg in an address to
; the reichstag shortly after the begin
jning of the war. The1 former chan
cellor has blamed the militarists for
starting ihe war.1 while he. in turn.1
has been blamed.
Last February the former chancel
lor offered to go before a tribunal to
1 give an accounting for his steward
ship as chancellor. It was announced
; in Berlin on March 27 that von Beth
mann-Hollweg would be among those
who would be tried by the German
j court which would investigate re
sponsibility for the loss of the war
by Germany.
He has been mentioned several
times as among those who might be
tried by the allies for political of
! tenses in connection with the origin
i of the war.
Dr. von. Bethmann-Hollweg is 62
yofirs eld. Before becoming chancel
' lor he was Prussian minister of the
: interior and imperial treasurer and
; vice chancellor. He held the rank of
;-lieutenant general in the German
j army. Since his retirement from qf
' tier the former chancellor has been
living at Hohenfienow, his estate, 27.
! miles north of Berlin.
! UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
Entrance Examinations.
I Entrance examinations to the
j University of South Carolina will be
I held by the County Superintendent
I of Education at the County Cc jri
! House, Friday, July 11, 1919 at 9 a.m.
j Entrance examinations will also be
jheld at the University, September 17
[and 18, 1919.
The. University offers varied courses
of "Study in science, literature, history,
law and business. The expenses are
moderate and many opportunities for
self support are offered.- A large
I number of scholarships are available,
j Military training compulsory for
j freshmen and sophomcres.
Reserve Officers' Training Corps.
! For full particulars write to
PRESIDENT W. S. CURRELL,
University of Fouth Carolina, Co -
lumbia, S. C.
Congress has decided to stop saving
daylight?after this summer's day
j light has been saved. This is the age
of thrift.
j Some of the Reds are talking about
; making a big demonstration on the
j Fourth. Didn't they get enough on
May Day?
i ^~ ^ -
[LOST?South Carolina License tag
! No* 61-19S on road between Sumter
and Cam den on Sunday. R. R.
j Oder, Box 421._
??-? - -? ? ? . ? ?? ? ? ??? ? i ...^
j BEEHIVES AND SUPPLIES?I have
j lately received a few Georgia made
I hives and fijames?8 and 10 frame
j size. Also on hand sections and
j foundation for comb honey. N.. G.
j Osteen. 320 W. Hampton Ave. V
BEESWAX WANTED?Any quantity
large or smalL Am. paying best
cash price. See me If you have
any. N. G. Osteen
EBBI
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Beautiful Patterns in Great
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$2.50 to .$10.00
Mens Silk Hose
75c. to $1.50
>Ioniio, True Shape and Shaw
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