Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Published Wednesday and Saturda? _ ?BY? OSTEEN PUBLISHING COMPANY SUMMER, S. C. jl- -. Sperms: $1.50 per antnim?in advance. Advertisements. One Square first insertion .. ..$1.00 Every subsequent insertion.50 Contracts for three months, or longer will be made at reduced rates. - All communications which sub serve private interests will be charged for as advertisements. Obituaiies and tributes of respect Krill be ?jharged for. ? The SUmter Watchman was found ing in 1850 and the True Southron m 1866. The Watchman and Southron HOW" has the. combined circulation and ihfiuence of both of the old papers, and is manifestly the best advertisi:-:. nae&iuni -in- Sumter. TRK GERMAN INDEMNITY. Most Americans, like most people or" the allied countries* have a feeliag of disappointment over the German indemnity fixed by the Peace Confer ence. Beckoned in marks?a good, round hundred billion of them?:t sounds-impressive. The Germans, no doubt, think it huge. But it looks .small when' put in dollars and cem pared with all the damage done by Germany, directly and indirectly. Ami it is small. This $24.000.000.000 or so i.s in-, tended apparently to cover only the actual destruction wrought directly by German arms?the ships, build ings. soil. etc.. ravaged and destroy ed and. to a moderate extent, the cco nomie ruin wrought in destroying hu man lives. It may well be questioned whether the sum will cover the ma terial damage and provide proper pensions for disabled allied soldiers . and the families of the allied slain. The sum looks particularly small when we consider that it must be di vided among several nations. I: is expected that France will get about 55 per cent of it, and Great Britatnj 20 to 30 per cent. Belgium will prob- ' ably be compensated more fully, in j proportion to her losses, than anyi other country. The United States will | get very Hitie of i:. and wants lit- ' Ik??nearly all our claims have already I been covered by the seizure of Ger-j man-owned property in this country. < Irr considering this subject it can- j not be forgotten thar Germanv start- j ed this war. deliberately and crimin- j ally, and waged it by methods that J were deii6erately and criminally do! structive beyond those of any pre- j i vious war. Germany is therefor'- j - morally, and perhaps legally respon-; - sible for every bit of expense imposed j on the allied rfe'tions by the necessity of ; self-defense. By rights, there is 'no question that Germany should pay] the Allies' entire war bill. Unfortunately that is impossible, j It would mean a sum about twice i large as the estimated wealth of the* j German empire, without reckoning j 'jr>2- j Germany's own war debt. Any it j tempt to collect half that amount, orj ' i anywhere near half, would doubtless *C.4 f, ?>?'?. - j drrve Germany into political and eco- ? r.omic anarchy and might result in j failure to collect even a small amount. For the benefit of her creditors. Ger-j many must be "nursed along so: that they may get whatever sh< : proves able to pay. The real, extent of the indemnity! is said to be elastic. The sum men- ; tioned is the irreducible minimum.; An allied commission is to present ! Germany such additional bills as she; may prove abie to meet from time to l time. Thus, in the lor.~ run. it is! -,-<-. -? . ! possible that some half-wav svstem of j ? * just compensation may be accomplish- j ed. BETTER TEXCHERS! - j "At least half the teachers in tii* j l.nited States are not lit to teach. We' ought to get rid of at leas: :;.7><.).<mmi of! them." j This was the statement of l>. B. Waldo, j)resident of the Western S;-:',; Normal School at Kalamazoo, Mich. Public opinion will be that Mr. Waldo has placed his number a little high. There is no doubt, however, that a good many teachers are now drawing salaries who would mak< better stenographers or secretaries, clerks, or cooks, or cab-drivers. ft has been tin- custom, time with out mind, to use the profession of school teaching as a harbor for man: kinds of incompetence. A kind of sacred halo has surrounded the teacher. If sin- con!.' get in by pass ing the required examinations or b\ a bit of political pui!. that d< cid? c the matter. She was : * 1.1 ? ? -1 to teach because siv was teaching. Equally so with :t lot of male persons. No educationnl reform which does not take note of this condition and remedy it will get very far. Not only should the salary-raising, already well begun, go <>n. but should the standard of requirements for a teacher be raised. A good sal ary will not make a good teacher, and it will tempt a poor one. High salaries without high efficiency de mands put a premium on inefficiency "and dishonesty. ?i?t i:i:i.v \c< jdknt.m,. , j a hews ;?? iv. -,-::s ;!:?? ??: story of tii" shootiusc of a nine-yeai old boy by a sixteen-year-old la? : Tim older boy was playing with a r< colver, which he did not know wa I loaded. "No arrests were made, i reads tin- story, "the indications he i inj;- that tin- shooting was purely ac ; cideiital.*' j it is about time for people to wak j up to the fact thai sonn- one is re sponsible for even "purely accidental : mishaps. The parents who allow : I G-y ear-old-boy to play with such toy should be made to feel a s riou I responsibility. Indifferent people win i permit the indiscriminate sah- of fire [arms arc responsible for many terri ! blc deeds for which they are nevci j called to account. The fool who "does not know*' a gun is loaded merelj dodges Iris real resonpsibility. j We are taught to keep no poisons in the family medicine cabinet. If special illness and doctor's orders make i; necessary to have a poison , in the houso, we arc taught to keep it in a rough container, verv oar i jlieularly labeled. We are taught, too. [to read directions carefully befor? usina' anv article from the mediein? cabinet with which we are not thor oughly familiar. We take ail these precautions in regard to that kind c. danger and continue careless in th" i ma iter of fireacms. if judgment and common sense land moral consciousness are not suf ? iioient. we will have to have laws I fixing the blame for these^ever-re ?curring "purely accidental" murders and injuries. AVOID TfiK RUSH. Over-confidence, of course, is no; to be encouraged with regard, to the Victory Loan urivo which opens next week. At the same time, it will surely do no harm to call attention] to the remarkably favorable condi tions attending this loan. It is to.be the last popular war loan ?money needed hereafter to wind up. the war will be raised by "bankers*^ loans." The rate of interest is high er than ever, except to the heavy in-J vestor who has to pay part of it back in his income tax. The redftmption l>c-rio<7 -i.s only four years, and ? th."-j government may redeem the securi ties in three years. The period al lowed for payment of subscriptions is longer than before. Xot the least element of attractiveness is the fact that the government is not going to accept any more than the $4.500.000. 0?)n called for?an amount in itsel! smaller than the public anticipated. This is most emphatically a "good j thing.*' And from the present out look, a good many citizens tire going to be disappointed in their desire to get some of these choice securities be- J cause there wont be enough of them! to supply the demand. The on1.* | way/to make sure of getting in on J is to subscribe early. ? i i KENTUCKY. NIGHT SCHOOLS. ; Seventy-five letters, each wr-itterj by an adult 'illiterate" in proof 'that j lie had conquered his illiteracy, haw j bceri died with the Kentucky 111 iter acy Commission. The writers of these letters arej only a oar; of the number who. uride: I i the unselfish volunteer instruction of! a number of Kentucky school teach ers, have learned to read and write in tin- night schools. Tin- work was started in 1911, and,j .1 urine: the first winter pupils] were enrolled. Since then the j number has increased greatly, tu? i result is an eloquent testimonial <>: j lie- longing for education which ling-1 ers in many a human breast long af-j ter school-age is a thing of the pas;. "He that knows not, and Knows: that he knows not?he can I -.-.ru Teach him:" \ SOLDIFRS AND SAILORS IN POLI TICS. The plan for an ?American :,e gion." composed of veterans Of the world war was hailed with general ipproval. because of the temperate pirit in which the organization was md er taken and the specific pledge .ha; it would not engage in polities. Tin- announcement of a rival or ganization, the "Private Soldiers* and Sailors" Lejrion." does not meet with such an enthusiastic response from ?he public because of the intemper ate utterances of its promoters and tie- political program announced. It must be admitted that the so! diers and sailors have genuine griev ances. They arc unite justified in complaining that the last congress through the apathy of the majority and the final filibuster of the minor ity, failed to make suitable provis ion for employment of men muster ed out of service. The failure to pro vide funds for the federal employment bureaus and to adopt a public lan*0 system for soldiers' farms was e. pecially deserving or' condemnation. The natura! sympathy of the pub lic, however, which wants \>> se< these wrings righted," is not mad.: any ; \v:: !*?:?<?: nr mm--- . - J !? ? T i? ? by I he harsh ? ""demands" i>;. tlx*- column ff ?in * ; i n >} i:: i^.-1 lit!.-: guns i:: the hands of the " j Legion promoters in Washington. ?;Xeilher the public nor Congress Ilk -s "to in- shouted :?t and threatened, .-?nd 5 some of the demands arc plainly ex f orbitant. : The Legion represen tatives, for [example, demand the payment of .~*."" t [in a lump sum to every soldier and sailor. This means a demand for ' I more than $2d)00.0no.oo.0 of govern j merit money? which means the peo I p.le's money. Tito demand savors too nvtteh ot old-fashioned "posision l:grains." and the mere suggestion of : it shows the menace involved in any j military organization with a political , purpose. If this is the beginning, i what will be the end ? HORSES THRIVTXC. If the automobile is to drive the horse completely into the baek Iground it has got to do better than it has so far. .'?.(?cording to recent figures there are now a'bout 21,534.000 horses in' i the 1'nited States. This country fur j mshed about 1,200.000 horses for :i: [war. Thai was supposed to mitke se. :rious inroads on the horse popula-'i I tion. In sidle ol" that war record j [however, and in spite of the rapid in j crease in tne number and use of mo- j |tor-driven vehicles, the number of j horses has increased instead of di-j j minished since the great automobil* iincrease began, in lf?00 there wort !TS<2S7,020 horses in the I'niied States, I over 3,000,000 less than there are to-j I j Xo wonder old Dobbin has ceased j i to shy at the fearsome sight of j j speeding ''gas-wagon** with its*?varied [ voices! Dobians knows he's not beat-I ! en yet - jjEg I .???- . I Tils: ALlEX EXODT S. ~~ i ! The rush to Europe, long toin j as an after-war probability, has start- ; ed. Italians. Greeks and other for eigners are now leaving this :.ou:x-| try at the rate of about 1,000 a lay j The numbers may increase during the summer. It is a perfectly natural thing, not calling for any stub sensational ex planation as that offered by the American Bankers' Association, that! these immigrant working people are being lured abroad by Bolshevist propaganda, to b< stripped of their savings. Most of them "nave been waiting eagerly for years for a chance.J to get back home and see their friends and relatives and learn at first hand! of the war's ravages and changes. The movement, however, may not be so great as many alarmists imagine The exodus might rise considerably above L0?'0 a day and still not ex ceed 500.000 a year. Our industries would not greatly miss that many, in i I normal limes: and if 1,000.000 of j them should go in a year, as ship.' become available, we may reasonably expect that half of them at least will come back. Except for the personal interest that takes so many overseas tem porarily, the pull of America U j doubtless as strong just now as th< ; pull of Europe. It will be strong* i j still when our alien residents learn j of the heavy war taxes and bad mdus- J trial conditions they arc sure to find in the old country. j ?OLSflKViSS! DESTROYS ITSELF.] _ i In his recent speech before tin ! Mouse of Commons. Premier Lloyd; Oeorgo de/da.rod thai while the lad ! shcyisl armed fore was apparent!*. I growing stronger; "Bolshevism itself J was gradually waning and break-ing| down before the relentless forte ofi economic facts."' Here is the kern? 1 of the wlioh 1 matter- seen an?? recognized by near- j !y every intelligent and unbiased in- j vestigator who has cone to tin j trouble of finding out the facts abtun; Bolshevism, Ii is primarily an eco nomic system, and ii is inevitably j bound to fail because its economic.-; are absurd. The Bolshevik! have undertaken! to operate a nation's Industries with-] out capital, and without the manager ial ability trained under the old sys-; tern: Without capital or manage j ment. how can industry succeed? Lenine and Trotzky have tried to make things go by pouring into in dustry public funds obtained by con-' fiscation or consisting of fiat money. That cannot la si forever. Figures | cojnpiled from official Bolshevist publications show that in every im portant instance the industries arei operating at a loss. Production has! fallen enoxnnously. Tn many casesj the total output of factories is worth! less than the money given by the gov-j eminent to keep them running. The workmen, in whose behalf (hej Bolshevist regime is supposed to be operating, seem to sense the absurd by of i;. so thai in trogi-ad, .Mos cow and other industrial centers they) have been deserting the factories bv wholesale, going info th* army, where' the pay is hig'n r. or into the conn try to ctako cut land claim-. If work GOTTQN MD FERTILIZER BWS If you have cotton to sell, see us, it will pay you. If you have fertilizer or fertilizer materials to buy it will pay you to see us before you buy, Cash or approved collateral. 9 West Liberty Street ? rs cannot bo held to their work, and if factories CHnnol make a profil j even on the books, what hope is ther< d!" succcss? I Bolshevism turns economics upside down and inside out. It destroys :i j self. Ler.ine 1ms admitted that lie I foresaw no benefit *.o the working I classes from Bolshevism for several i generations, that it would bring Eu ; rope to ruin. All Ibis infatuated j leader seems to expect is that out oi the j-. ekage will come a better era ;for the common people "soon- gener a i ions hence/' The common people will not be con tent, in Bussia or elsewhere, to wait I "some generations" for thc-ir eco nomic and political salvation. The> want dependable employment, decent living conditions; freedom and oppor tunity for growth and personal ac quisition right here and rio-.v. s<? Lloyd George is right. It c not necessary .to fight Bolshevism by force of arms. Let Bolshevism stew in its own juice for a while longer. The more Bolshevistic it is. tin- soon er it is destined to self-extinction. Tin- Lehine-Trotsky regime has only one chance of survival, and thai is by renouncing Bolshevism in fa vor of some workable system, or slow ly modifying it so that, under what ever name, it will be unrecognizable by the genuine Bolshevist. ? V" LOAN" N"6 HANDICAP. A New Vork tinaneial writer, com menting on the recent upward trend nf the stock market, explains this as due to a growing realization that the Victory Loan "is not going to handi cap genera: business." For several months the public, all the way from big linanciers down to lie wage-earning investor in war bonds, has felt that this loan would really be a handicap?that it would mean the exertion of a tremendous effort and the absorption of a tre mendous lot of money by the govern ment just at a time when the effort and the money were particularly needed to set business on its feet. Tin- fears that lay back of that view are proving groundless. It de velops that the investing public has more money in the savings bank than ever before; and though present earn ings are not so great as they wcin asi year, there is .?: good prospect ??;' their rising again to prosperity lev els before long. It is evident, too. that even without much business im provement, tin- loan could bj sub scribed and paid far out of the na tion's current income-, because of the ?omparatively small amount asked Cor and uhc long time allowed for pn\ meat. Thus the Victory Loan will not he a crippling burden either for the in dividual subscribers or for the banks. :t can be handled without robbing general business of the money it needs for reconstruction and resumption on i big scale. When Wall street agrees thai this is so, and condescends to cheer up, the rest of the country may well feel a: ease about iL Death. .Mrs. Idella Wingate. wife of Mr. A. .1. Wingate. died at their home in the Jordan neighborhood .it J o'clock Saturday raorni g. Tim funeral ser vices were held at Salem Church, spring Hill, at II o' 'ock Sunday. Death. The passing of Mrs. Esther Rey nolds Davis lias removed from Cam ion one cf its most gracious. khidl> and best laved women. Her death oc curred at II a. m. Wednesday at the old home of the Reynolds famil> where she was horn, reared and spent a useful life three score and ten years. . r Tin- daughter of tin- late Dr. Rey nolds and bis wife Mary Chestnut Reynolds, she was married in carp lii*<- it. tlie late Rev. Bruce Davis, an Episcopal clergyman and their union was blessed by two children. Mary Chestnut who died in childhood and Thomas, who survives his mother. Thq funeral arrangements will h< made after the arrival of her nephews the Messrs. DeS.'rSSure of Tennessee. Atlanta and J.-icksonville-. Camden (*h ronicle. Berlin. April troops on Tuesda hundred Spartaean tkwhr rc.iicn. lit.?-< ;oy.ernmerj cap! tin d four leaders in ile [ ?Tust Facts. The government of the Uniteo* States is your government. That government has given its sac ijred word to do certain things. These things require the cxpendi j ture of great sums of money, j Your government must keep its ? word, must spend these sums of mon l; ey. . j This money can only he secured : now in two ways: either by taxation ; or by borrowing. { Taxes are high, enough, are they I not'.' Nevertheless, they will not pro .! duee enough to meet the present jneed. I Th-.m. the only way the United States can pay for pence is by bor rowing the balance needed $1,500, . : 000.000. All right then, your government! !must borrow $4.500.000,000 and since! other countries have no money to) h-rnl. it must borrow this money in the United States and from one or two sources. Your government must borrow from the banks and other financial institutions or it must borrow from millions of patriotic citizens. If this money could be borrowed frern the banks, would it be wise? With all?of their capital tied up inj j government securities, how could the .banks perform their normal func-j ? lions of financing regular business enterprises and development pro- j ! jects? Without being financed, how! could factories and business operate, j how could the country be developed. ; how could labor be employed, how-j ! could people live? Think it over. Very well then, there is one course! left open. Your government must i borrow' from yon and from every oth-' er individual up to each one's limit of j leading. Hence the Victory Liberty Loan on! April 21..191??the loan of victory.. peace and thanksgiving. These are just facts. Can you seej i any other way oui of it? Wo can't. | j The treasury department cannot, j j and after you think i' over and con-j j sider that the government is asking J I.you to subscribe for an absolutely I ! gilt-edged: short term, good interest-; j bearing security, and by doing it j help pay for victory and peace and j j prosperity, you won't want to find j any other way out. but will. Like a j true American, you will step up and j i "Sure, we'll finish the job! Uncle I Sam can have the use of all my mon- j ey to pay for peace 1 can go over! : the top in the Victory Libertv Loan i if my boy could do ii at St. Mihiel." Yours for the Victory Liberty loan. Edwin W. Robertson, Chmn. j April 17. 1 H1 P. Bisltopville News Notes. ! Eishopville, April IS.?It is quite a Irish today, and young vegetation ; looks droopy. The farmers- have j about finished planting .their crops, j tnd some are plowing cotton. I hear no complaint of bird stands of cpt I on or com. The oats and wheat-j I look well. There seems to be plenty j-.' I farm labor for the present, but jl j "ear the farmers will find it difficult j t i o get enough hoe hands, j Our town voted a four mills school i ax in order to complete another 'school building which was biCgun last j year, but could not be .completed for J' I want of funds. y & j ; : Mr. Baron -Kelly has. finished his , j new residence.* apd taken life" young fbridet o presideoverit. lie m :n Fdd j [bride to preside*over it. He is now building a new brick "store on'Main street which, will be cohipleted in time : tor the fall trade. Dr. Chapel is also I r?uiid.ing a brick building on Main t I street, which 1 hear will be used for < : loving picture shows. ? Mr_ R.ustin * i-; progressing nicely on sin- flower ? t fill which will replace the one that 1 was burned hist summer. The new '< ohe is of brick. Mr. Lawrence Scott is With his home folks again, after serving Is* 1 months in the army, eleven of them M In France! where he was in the thick- i est of tin- tiahr. !!<> and his youngU wife are at his father's home in Bish-p opville. enjoying the congratulations J .?nd welcome Of his many friends. j - A part of the Salvation Army wen in our town this week, but did noiH seem CO attract much attention. The interdenominational Sunday school convention held its annual sos j sion in the Baptist church of t h is j i place last week. BrO; Webb and i Miss Holland made the occasion ver> interesting and instructive io :tll in J erested in Sunday school work. D: | Sykes w;:s her? Sunday, and deliver ed a most impressive address to n large and attentive audience. Tlv convention will hold its next meeting in the Methodist church of this place. Marriage Notice. Mrs Elizabeth Lee Dick of Char- : l?sten announces the marriage of nein daughter. Somers. to Dr. Frank Ken- ? nedy Hoiman. on Wednesday. April j 16th. in Charleston. S. C. Tliey will ^ :>< .-ii home in Suniter after the I'll: pi May? 1 Married in Belgium. j Mr. and Mrs. M. W. ('unmy'ngs, of I Oswego. announce the marriage of j their son. Private Eugene T. t'ym j tilings. Slst Division. Cobleriz. C'er i many, to Madamozcile $hnond; Le ! grand, of Aubangs. Belgium, .January I 1.2t.h. 11)19. Private C?mmings and j his l>rido. will be welcomed home, on j December 2r>th, 1919. Basket Picnic. I _ ! Will :he following ladies serve on j the committee for the basket picnic j to be given for the soldiers oti April j 2Xth. And will these ladies be kind enough to phone No. 7?., Mrs. Agnes ! Begin.' chairman, if she can depend I on them? I Mesdames Lamb. Lang Jennings, j W. L. Brun son. J. J. Brunson, Matir I er. Dice, Lula LeGrand, L. L Par 'rot, Jim Blanding, Francis Moise, i Grenville/ DeLorme. Abe Ryttenberg, j Ferd Levi. Warren Moise, A. C; j Phelps. Perry Moses, Jr., Hinnant, j C. J. Lemmpn. Edward McCallum, Bruce Lynam, A. S-L. Merrimon, Louis ! Lyons, Misses Isadore Teicher, FranceVk? Teicher. Mesdames H. A. j Mood. J. J; Williams. Misses Minnie Moore. Armida Moses, Annie Purdy, Mesdames Mark I Reynolds, R. E. Wilder. Richard Wilder. Henry Hill, ! Horace Harby. Walter Minis, R. S. I Hood. A. I). Harby. Louis William ; son. a. Weinberg. Flaum. Brooks Bultman, Douglas China. Dwyer, S. H. Edmunds. A. S. Harby, Cyril Isaacs. R. C. Richardson, Rufus Spann. Raymond Shelor, F. A. Bult man. H. C. Dorn, D. D. Moise, H. C. JlufceY. ^Villie Phillips. P". G. TJ-ow man. Cole. C. D< McKnight, Edwin Miller, DesChamps, Booth, H. G Osteen. O. H. Folly. John Sumter, X. H. White. E. H. Moses. R. ;S. Moise. Isaac Schwartz. J. vH. Levy, Misses Jennie Walsh. Theo Gregg, Mabel Booth, Annie Moran. Agnes M. Bogin, Chairman of Committee. Meat Grows More Plentiful in South. Some southern sections have ceased to import meat and other food pro ducts and now are not only able '* to feed themselves but are in a position to export these products from their farms. Cotton, of course, still has a prominent place in localities where the weevil is not too destructive, but diversified or safe farming is becom ing popular, according to reports from many county agents. The re ports of the agent in Sumter county, Fla., is an example. Recently this1 agent supervised the cooperative shipment of 2?. cars of hogs on foot and .1 cars of butchered pork, and several cars of hogs have\ previously boon shipped from other points in the county: He stages that every fam ily has plenty-: of meat and lard at home. The county agent in Orange coun ty. Fda.. reports that the live-stock men are planting more feed crops th'an ever before. One man who planted 10xaoros of corn and 7"> acres of cabbage last year is planting 85 acres'to corn this year. The farmers of Orange county purchased 219 tons of nitrate of soda from the govern ment this year, with a saving of $9, 707. The agent in" De Soto county. Fla., reports that recently another Texas cattleman located in his community and purchased In.000 acres of land md is now fencing it preparatory to bringing in a herd of cattle from Texas. To this he will add some of he best native cows and breed up for :?etter beef. Cheraw Wins Game The Sumter High School baseball earn was defeated at Cheraw yester la.y by the close score of 12 to 10. Crawford pitched a splendid game for Im local boys, but errors by the in ield during the early-part of the game vere in a large measure responsible or the majority of Cheraw's runs. ?The Sumter boys made a whirlwind finish, scoring seven runs in the ast inning, mostly by clean hitting. The score follows: 'horaw . 430 000 .120?12 Sumter . 1"2 000 007?10 Batteries: Brasingtbn and McPher ;on: Crawford and Khame. iVAXTED?Cow peas. Brabhams, Irons, mixed. Highest cash price paid. B. C. Wallace. Sumter, S. C. PLANT?Spanish Binders for your hogs. We have nice ones at 10c per pound. O'Donnoll & Co. BEESWAX WANTED?Any quantity large or small Am paying best cash price. See me if you have any. N. G. Osteen. "1 C% Hour Kodak Finishing All rolls developed 10c; packs' 10c up: prints - l-2c-4c-5c; enlarging <"c up. Specialists?we do nothing ?ut kodak finishing. All work guar inteed to please. Eastm?h Kodaks, ?"dins. Supplies. Columbia Photo Finishing Co.f) Llll Taylor Street, Columbia, S. C?