Published Wednesday and Saturday
BY
O?tEBS PTJBXflSHENG COMPANY
SUMTER, S. a
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Cor as advertisements.
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Kill be charged for.
The Sumter Watchman was found
s*I in 1850 and the Trur Southron in
. 1IS6. The Watchman aud Southron
now has the combined circulation and
mtiuence of both of the old papers,
and is manifestly the best advertisb ?
medium in Sumter.
a - i
PEACE CONFERENCE FRICTION.!
1
Every little while there come fromj
Paris alarming reports of differences;
developing in the Peace Conference. ?
Recently it has been the dissatisfac-!
tion of the Italian delegation over the |
new boundaries prescribed for Italy;
and resentment of Japan over the'
"i - ? -*;'?'* " I
race question. Before that there {
were disputes about the League of ]
Nations, about war indemnities and \
many other things. France has been)
reported several times as highly in-1
dignant over something or other.;
The American delegation at one time
protested against unfair treatment.
Nearly every nation represented has
seemed, at some time, in a mood to j
throw a monkey wrench into thej
peace machinery. j
And in spite of all this, the work;
of-the Conference has gone ahead!
stc?dily, continuously, and one might j
almost say, smoothly. During appar-j
ent deadlocks in special matr-rs the
other matters moved right along. J
Even these partial deadlocks, so far, i
have never lasted, long.
It is possible that there has been!
more smoke than fire. Either the!
correspondents, at times, have exag- J
gerated the friction, or else the dele-i
gates- have had an unexampled gift!
for composing their differences. Thej
latter is probably the truth.
Edouard de Eilly, French high com-!
missicner in this; country, hit the nail j
on the head the other day when be]
warned Americans not to be unduly
infiuenced by rumors of troubles inj
the Paris negotiations. Differences, j
he reminded us. are inevitable wher-3
so many nations and so many con
victing interests are represented.
But he insisted, that the differences
appearing so far at Paris had been]
<only the resultSof an honest effort toj
Establish truth and justice.
CortaSS^y the spirit of compromise
and co-operaUpn at Paris has been j
much more impie?si?e_than the spir- i
it of quarrel and self-seeking. Those j
rnany-languaged representatives ofj
fourteen different nations, seeking toj
settle the most complex of all wars
and to establish the wj^ole world's
future, have got along, on the whole,
more amicably and made more rapid
progress than any United States con-j
gross of recent memory.
VICTORY LOAN AND BOLSHE
VISM.
The Victory Loan will bring out all
. ? j
the Bolshevism in this country," says
a war-loan worker. "And when it
does, I hope we will do with the wav
ers of the red flag what is done with
traitors in the war?shoot them."
This is an extreme utterance, and
possibly an unwise one. There is no
need of stirring up trouble by radical]
threats. It serves, however, as a
timely warning. There is undoubted
ly going to be a good deal of under
hand opposition to this loan, and a
good deal of passive resistance. Tt
does not follow, at ali, that any per
son not actively helping t.> pr^mot. j
the loan or not subscribing to it is a
Bolshevist and the enemy of his coun
try. But it may help to clarify the
situation if every citizen or alien res
ident will understand the suspicions
he may incur if he fails to show the
proper spirit on this occasion.
It will really !><? a blessing if the
"V" loan separates the sheep from
the goats, as it undoubtedly will i:;
many cases. The sooner our Bolshe
vist goats are spotted and card-in
dexed, the better. Then we'll rill
know where we stand.
ANCIENT AND MODERN EDUCA
TION.
The predicted reaction has come
in the academic halls. J'rinceton.
long a strong-hold of the classics, re
quires no Greek either for getting in
or out, and one year's study of Lat
in is all that is demanded for the de
gree of Bachelor of Arts.
Yale goes even further. No Latin
is required for entrance to the uni
versity, nor any advanced algebra,
trigonometry or solid geometry foi
Sheffield Scientific School. Even Ox
ford, the ancient English seat of edu
cation, sponsors the statement that
"the classics, while all admit tlvir
inestimable services to learning in tin
past, are gradually receding into thi
background."
' Of course this revolution is ahnec
{to meet the present demands fo:
i that sort of education which shall fit
) men to get rich the quickest, and to
{meet the condition arising- from the
[high wages of unskilled labor; but it
? is a mistake to let it go too far.
j There may be more money in mod
j ern languages than in ancient, yet
I 5eme knowledge of ancient languages
is of inestimable benefit in mastering
I the modern tongues and understand
ing the modern races that speak
them. Undoubtedly much time has
been wasted in old-fashioned, tor
tuous methods of calculation; but for
ail that, engineering is based on high
er mathematics.
The past, in spite of all our mod
ernity, cannot be ignored entirely, for
it is straight to its "inestimable ser
vices" that we owe our present high
development.
UNIONIZING THE MIDDLE
CLASS.
A throb of sympathy stirs the sal
aried people of this country at the
news that the English middle class
has unionized in self-defence. Salar
ied people everywhere are tired of
working at a dead level while labor,
capita! and prices all pass them, each
waving its banner with the strange,
device, "Excelsior!"
Still, they really have only them
selves to blame. Their condition:
arises from their failure to use for
their own benefit and that of others a
great power which they already pos
sess?the power of clear, unbiased
thought. For who are the middle
classes?these salaried people? They
are the thinkers of the world. The
clerks, the doctors the lawyers, the
teachers, the preachers, the great
mass of educated people. They have
been reared to read, to think, trained
in faithfulness to duty and ideaia.
Having neither the selfish fears of
capita! nor the long bitterness of la
bor, they s* Auld be free from the
prejudices passions of either.
And there are millions of them.
This great body trained to thought
and speech is better equipped than
stay other to moid public opinion and j
?irect public affairs, and always has!
been. But it has been asleep. In its]
sudden awakening to power is danger j
not only for itself, for all society, i
For this cool,- clear-thinking middle |
class is the central . balance which
upholds the see-saw of the world. It
must hold the world steady if it is to
be held at all.
If instead of subverting their pow
er to selfish personal ends, these
middle-class folk will use it as it
can be used, to force a proper adjust
ment of the affairs of all classes, allj
will be well. Otherwise we shall all j
so down together.
NEW VOLUNTEER ARMY.
With something like 1,500.000 j
trcops still in Europe, the United}
States is planning to raise and send j
over a volunteer army.
It may look strange, but it is the
natural and reasonable thing to do. i
The met; now in the service nearly
all enlisted or were drafted for thej
period of the war. Accordingly it isi
incumbent on the war department to|
muster them out when the war isi
over, or as soon thereafter as possible.
Net only have they a technical right;
to return to civilian life, but most
of them are tired of the war, and still
more tired of the police duty that fol
lows it. and want to get back to their
fc-milies, friends and jobs.
j, I- evident that American troops
are ?oing to be needed in Europe for
menths, or even years, after the
peace treaty is signed. There will
have to be some garrisons left in the
enemy countries to insure their com
pliance with the peace terms. It may
be necessary to police Germany and
Austria. It may be necessary even
to do some more lighting before the
big Avar is really finished. So a vol
unteer army is to be raised and ship
ped ever.
A call is being issued now for .",0.
000 men. It is not expected that
there will be any difficulty in getting
that number, and as many more as
may be needed. Thousands of young
Americans will be glad of a chance
to enlist for a three-year period fo;
the sake of seeing Europe. This is
especially true of adventurous lads
from the training camps who were
demobilized j'tst as they were expect
ing sailing orders. A good many of
the expeditionary force. too. will
loubtless feel like v< -enlisting after
they have had a short vacation ai
home. Those who have never worn
the khaki may have a hard time get
ting it; when once the enlistment
rush has started.
RATIFYING CONSTIT! TIONS.
If the Constitution of the Leagu<
Notions does have bard sledding
wie ?) it comes to formal ratification,
.; will net be at all contrary
precedent. Most Americans, in theii
cheerful delusion that the early ?f
ft i::. of the Republic were conducted
..;tii m'raeulous unanimity, <juit<
overlook the rocky road (he Con;
Ptitation of tie- T7mted St.:?." - had
; t a > d.
That document re<iuii'jd about a*
much l'-rhe to draft as the present
one is taking. It was finally signcu
:ahd submitted to the thirteen states
! o-.i September IT, L7S7. The constitu
'tional convention had agreed on it.
}unanimously, after long debate, but
''there was no such agreement among
|~I;e sovereign states they represented.
Oulv three stales. Delaware, Penn
i
sylvania and New Jersey, ratified the
I Constitution in that sann; year. Inj
[the following year it was ratified byj
j eight more. Georgia. Connecticut,j
j Massachusetts, Maryland, South Car-j
jolina, New Hampshire, Virginia and j
j New Ycrk. North Carolina did not j
j ratify it and come into the Union
until November7 21. 17S9, eight
! months after George Washington had I
'taken his office as President; and!
j Rhode Island waited until May 1':?,j
j 1790, two years and a-half after the;
Constitution had been submitted. j
The conflict of opinion over the j
(document was as marked as this long
! delay. Only three State conventions:
i
j approved it unanimously. Massachu
setts ratified it by the close vote of
1187 to 168, New Hampshire by a
vote of T?7 to 4?>, Virginia?vVashing-i
ton's own Ptate. and the mother of
early presidents?by 89 to 79, New
York by 30 to 2S and Rhode Is
land by 24 to 32.
The present Constitution will prob
ably be ratified in this country far
more promptly and willingly than its
predecessor was, at least if it comes
before the senate with the changes
now contemplated. And it may easi
ly be ratified by all the nations involv
ed in a shorter time than the Amer
ican Constitution required for ratifi
cation by the thirteen states then con
cerned.
BOLSTTiivTKI SCHOOL. CHILDREN.
Ihe children in Russia are going to
school just the way that children
have thought they wanted to go since
the first school was organized.
If the children do not like their
teacher they dismiss him. If they
are holding a "committee meeting"
when he arrives he must not disturb
them. When lunch time comes there
is a stampede: for the iirst one in
the lunch room is the llrst one serv
ed, and food is scarce. "Teacher"
can say never a word, for he must
not interfere with the rights of the in
dividual.
There is no punishment. Attend
ance is not compulsory, and there
are no marks. Oh joy!
But are these children really hap
py? Any one who knows anything
about children knows that they arc
not. The child may hate rigidity,
but lie loves 'the comfortable back
ground of law and order just' tin
same. The undisciplined, insolent
child is never the happy one.
And with this lawless present,
what of their future, and of the fu
ture of our children who must con
tend with the results of that lawless
ness in later years?
The problem of the Russian school
children is the problem of the world.
GIVE EVERY BOY A CHANCE.
A beautiful summer camp near
Hartford, Conn., was burned recent
ly. The guilty parties proved to be
two young boys, "Not old enough to
hang" as the irate owner lamented.
They snid they did it "just to see it
! burn."
I In direct contrast to this is the re
port in a Pennsylvania paper of the
prompt action of some Boy Scouts in
extinguishing a fire which started
on the mountain side near a town
I and threatened dir?' consequences
J The boys not only wanted to help,
j but they knew what to do. They i c
cgnized public danger and private re
spcnsibility.
There could be no better illustration
I of the value of that great movemenl
j which takes heed of the boy's love o
j action and directs it into propel
channels without attempting to curb
! it otherwise.
j The thing is to make the move- j
intent far-reaching enough -o includ? i
all sorts and conditions of boys. The
; sorrv urchin whose home influen :es
i
tare all bad needs kind and unuer
; :tanding leadership far more than the
[bright, dependable hoy from the good
! family. If he doesn't get it while be
I is teo young to hang he commits his
minor crimes, and by the time he is
! old enough to hang be probably de
! serves it.
Every boy should have his chance!
?;i Unding happiness in properly di
reeled activitv, for his own sake and |
!
for the public safety.
They say Foch wepl when he sign-,
ed tn<- armistice, ile was all broken
:.;-> over the mildness and liberality of
those terms. ' And the Germans wept,
t!)d hi:t not for the saun? reason.
* * *
!: lnis not yet been discovered by
??.?.Inderin.? males how women succeed
ia getting into those new hobble
skirls.
Hamburg. April 3.?-An American
-hie bearing food supplies left Cux
haven for Hamburg today. This is
?: fourth ship bearing foodstuffs
for Germany that has arrived or is
near the port. ? _
OOTTOH !? FEBnLIZEB MERCHANTS
If you have cotton to sell, see us, it will pay you.
If you have fertilizer or fertilizer materials to buy it will pay
you to see us before you buy, Cash or approved collateral.
9 West Liberty Street
Cotton Market I
LOCAL-.
P. G. BOWMAN, Cotton Buyer.
(Corrected Daily st 12 o'clock Noon).
Good Middling 26.
Strict Middling 25 2-2.
Middling 25.
Strict Low .Middling 22 1-2.
^> \\ YOttK COTTON MAi?K:-f'T.
Yes'td'ys
Open High i.n^ close Close
(New Style)
.May . . 25.SS 25.97 25.S5 25.88 25.G3
uly . . 25.45 23.53 23.35 25.45 23.12
)ct . . 21,25 21.54 21.25 21.23 21.OS
Pension Board Meeting.
The new Pension Commissioners for
'umter County met on Saturday last
nd organized by the electron of Capt.
2. Scott Carson as chairman, and
Dr. H. J. McLaurin, and Hon. W. O.
7ain as vice chairman. All Confeder
ate Veterans residing in Sumter
eunty are invited to meet with the
card cn Saturday, April 5th imme
tiatejy after the adjournment of Dick
Anderson Camp, which moots on
that day. And all Confederate wid
>ws and Veterans of this county not
Iready on the Pension rcoll, are in
?ted to meet with the new pension
oard at the Judge of Probate's of
r.ce on Mondays, April 7th. 14th, 21st,
md 28th at 11 o'clock A. M. for the
mrpose of enrollment and perfecting
he Poll of Honor.
Thos: E. Richardson.
fudgrc of Probate and Secretary Sum
ter County Pension Board.
Tf you have not paid your road and
poll taxes for 19IS, it might pay you
. ri-a.i the sheriff's card in this issue,
whether yon ever marlo a return or
I $50 REWARD FOR 150 BL'SJfELS
OF < ORX PER ACRE
A reader noticing my offer of $50
to the person who would first show
mo 150 bushels of corn grown on one
acre of land says: "Do you moan it?
If so. put asidde that $50 until next
fall and I will take it for you."
I mean nothing less, and the $50 is
ready for the first p rson who shows
nie that acre. AU k is just what
was tsated in the off which has been
made twice each year for the last sev
eral years.
Another reader asks, it we '-put any
limit on the amount of fertilizers to
he used?'* No, the limit is off. The
grower may use as much fertilizer as
he wishes. All T ask is to see 150
bushels of corn grown on one acre
When the corn Is ready to harvest. I
will measure the land and see the
con: harvested. All I ash is that 150
bushels of mature corn?with the
standard amount of moisture?be
grown on one acre and that the grow
er show it to me.?Tait Butler in Pro
gressiv.- Farmer.
Road and Poll Tax Notice.
P. and Poll ta:ccs due to the
?\-,tj?itv of Sumter for 1918, are now
payable at my office in the Court
Kouse; or to the Rural Policemen.
?!'!;?? Tret-surer is required to issue
warrants for the arrest of persons
?? -c for those taxes, unless payment
? ade as above stated.
All men between 21 and 60 years
cid. aro liable for Poll tax. AH men
between 21 ami 50 years, unless ex
empt by law, are liable also for Road
Tax; except those who live in towns,
and pay Street Tax.
This applies to those who did not
make returns, as well as those whose
names are on the tax books.
Prompt settlement will save trou
ble and expense, j
C. M. HURST, Sheriff.
S?mter. S. C. April 25, 1919.
NOTICE
i
Of Application for Final Discharges
Estate or Krina. Seymour, Minor.
On April 14th, 1919, I will apply
io the Judge of Probate for Sumter
County for a Final Discharge as
Guardian of said estate,
LAWRENCE T. SEYMOUR,
Guardian.
Sumter, S. C, March 14, 1919.
Pome. Wednesday. April 2.?Secre
tary Daniels arrived here today to re
main until Monday.
Paris, April 2.?The appeal for the
independence of Korea will be sub
mitted to the peace conference be
fore the end of the week by a dele
gation represnting the new Korean
Young Men's Society.
Paris. April 3.?One happening in
peace conference circles yesterday
alluded to by the Matin and the Jour
nal today as "a great event." The
council of four actually issued a com
munique the newspapers point out,
but it is added "it was only to tell us
that General Smut is going to inves
tigate Hungary." Smut's appoint
ment is condemned by these two and
other newspaper commentators, who
see in the announcement of this
Smut mission yet another procrasti
nation by the peace conference.
FOR SALE?F. O. B. cars, Camp
Jackson, stable manure; very little
straw. Car load lots only. Cheml
cai and Fertilizer value ra*ed very
high by Clemson college. A. A.
Strauss. Sumter, S. C.
BEESWAX WANTED?Any quantity
large or small Am paying bes?
cash price. See me if you have
any. N. G. Osteen.
Today the well dressed man wears a silk shirt, and the man who
wears a nice shirt is naturally discriminating in his selection, of
both pattern and fabrics.
1
Our line of silk shirts
is complete embracing
11 the new color designs
and materials. It is real
ly a pleasure to see them
The prices vary ac
cording to the grade.
5
Silk Mixed
O
<ep&
A I f C/|' V
HARK,
joi?fe?PresseJJI^n
The lines rive being-broken rapidly. Come in and buy your Easter
supply now.
1
i I
THE
er
R ???>. ?.v : ;?!?:?? ~h i?c r
W. A. BRYAN. Mgr.
The Home of Hart Schaffner k Marx Clothes