Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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TBHR SCMTJER WATCHMAN, Estab Consolidated Aug. 2,1 TO STICK TO WILSON PROGRAM Count Bernstorff So Declares in Interview in The Paris Temps WILL FULFILL CONDITIONS LAID DOWN Says Germany Expects All the Other Powers Interested to Do Likewise. Paris, Tuesday. March 25.?Ger many is determined to stick closely to the Wilson program in making peace with the allies, Count von Bernstorff, former German ambassa dor to the United States, declared in an interview given the Berlin corre spondent of The Temps, which that newspaper prints today. "The armistice of November 11," said Count von Bernstorff, "jcvas signed when all the powers interest ed had accepted the program of peace proposed ,by President Wilson. Ger many is determined to keep to this agreement which history will regard, in a way, as the conclusion of a pre liminary peace. She herself is ready to submit to the conditions arising from it and she expects all the in terested powers to do the same. If these essential conditions of the Wil son program should be violated or neglected, and, specifically, if condi v tions are imposed which go beyond the program, the German delegates would find themselves in a position : of say, non-possumus." Count von Bernstorff advocated a plebiscite for Alsace-Lorraine and . German-Austria. "Germany's attitude on indemni ties," continued the former ambassa dor, "is fixed by her acceptance of the note of November 5. |191S, where by reparation is accorded for ali damage done to the civil regulations of . France and Belgium by German aggression. This note admits of the payment of no other indemnities." Asked what the consequences woul^ be of the failure to sign a peace, Count von Bernstorff replied: "I am no prophet, but Bolshevism would gain immensely. The liberal world which has seen salvation for humanity in President Wilson's prin ciples, would be terribly disappointed if peace were not made. Even the . higher classes would be driven to de spair. Remember that since the middle ages no idea has aroused the world's enthusiasm like a league of . nations based on' peace and justice, and who will dare to cause the idea to miscarry at the first test? I hope that a league of all the nations'of the world will make common cause against the spectre of Bolshevism and triumph over it." Oil Companies War Standard and Gulf Refining in Contest Over Gasoline Price in Chattanooga. Chattanooga, March 2G.?On ac count of an apparent price cutting contest (between the Standard Oil Company and the Gulf Refining Com pany here the past few days the re 21 to 17 cents a gallon, the latter price being quoted by the Gulf Com pany, while the Standard was selling at 18 cents. It was stated here to day that the Gulf Refining Company would sell gasoline 2 cents below the Standard price regardless of how far the prices would drop. Gasoline Goes Down. New Orleans, March 26.?Filling stations of the Standard Oil Company and the Gulf Refining Company here today received orders to sell gaso line for 19 cents a gallon. The form er price was 23 cents. The Te^as Oil Company, Liberty Oil Company and other smaller corporations are main taining 23 cents, ;t was announced here. Officers of the oil company are un able to explain the reasons for the reductions. Cheap in Memphis. Memphis. March 26.?Gasoline was being sold to consumers here today for 13 cents a gallon, a drop of $ cents in two weeks. Tank wagons of the Standard Oil Company of Lou isiana, were said to be selling gaso line today to filling stations in the city for 13 cents and wagons of the Gulf Refining Company for 14 cents a gallon. More Armenian Horrors Moslem Gendarmes Butcher Ref ugees At Aleppo Recently Athens, March 27.?Constantino ple advices report the massacre of Armenians by Moslenm Gendarmes at Aleppo recently. It is reported tha' forty-eight Armenians were killed, more than one hundred seriously wounded and hundred and fifty slight ly injured. Madrid, Monday. March 24.?Mar tial law was proclaimed this morning. It is undehstood that constitutional guarantees may be suspended frn'n with throughout Spain. Berne. Monday. March 24.?The Bolsheviki army en routr to Hungary has reached Brody, according to the latest at fcs received here. ??ed April, 1850. "Be Just m .881. i SOME RAILROAD j WORK BEING DONE ! I '- I .Director General Hines Says I Improvements on Railway Property Will be Continued by Government FAILURE OF APPROPRI ATION HAMPERS WORKj ; Clear Statement of the Railroad ! Administration Plans Made to J Give Public Understanding of! ! Situation. ?. j Pittsburgh. March 2<j.?Despite the! ! financial predicament of railroads. ? the railroad administration plans to 1 carry out as much of its improve ment program as ppssible to keep la i bor employed and roads in repair, i Walker D. Hines. director general of j railroads, declared in an address 10 : night before the Pittsburgh Trailic i Club. He asked for a more adequate ; understanding on the part of the pub i lie of problems facing the railroads 'during the war and in the immediate j future, and presented suggestions for [operating roads privately under pun j lie regulation as a permanent solution !of the problem. He emphasized that the ability of the raiiroad adminis tration to finance itself in spite of the failure of the appropriation does net mean that it does not need the ap propriation as soon as congress .necls again. j Referring to the improvement pro gram, Mr. Hines said: "Unfortunately the impression has I gone out that the railroad adminlstra I tion has decided to cut off all im I provement work, including additions jand betterments and maintenance j This is not a fact. What has happen i ed is that we are talcing steps to 'give the railroad corporations full op portunity to determine whether they j should assent to the work which i they, must finance. It is the inten tion of the railroad administration . to carry forward just as much addi tions and betterments and mainten ance work as possible in order that jthe railroads be kept in good repair j and extended to meet the needs of j the situation." Proposing eventual private opera I tion with government supervision Mr. i Hines said: "My own view is that a moderate i guaranty on capital should be pre i scribed by the government so as to i give a reasonable assurance to eapi- j . tal, and there should be a right to ' a participation in any profits made in I excess of that guarantee so as to fur i nish the needed stimulus to private : initiative. i "I further believe that the govern \ ment should be strongly represented ; on the boards of directors, and that I these government directors should ! constitute an important part of the ; regulating body which prescribed the ; rates so that this regulating body will I know as necessities develop that the 'necessities are developing and will be able to meet the needs of the situa-i I tion much more nearly at the time j : the needs arise than is possible at j ; present. j I do not believe these fundamen- i ; tal changes can be successfully car- J ried through except by the construc tion of a comparatively few great railroad corporations each of which will so combine the prosperous and 1 unprosperous roads as to present a j fair average result and get away; from the hopeless diversity in earn-! ings which has existed in de past.; and upon each of which will be prac- i ticable to have governmental repre- j s"r?tation." Reviewing the government opera- j ; tions of railroads during the war. Mr. j ! Hines said it was important that the i public understand the accomplish j j ment of three great results. First, j conflict of priorities was eliminated j and unification of control prevent ?d I serious congestion. Second, through j government control railroad labor j was friven wage increases and im- j proved working conditions. Third, ? the government provided for ade quate financing of the roads which \ otherwise would have been almost' impossible. Xone of these ouestions! could have been dealt with propc !y except under government control. \ said Mr. Hines. DeLavera in Dublin President of Sinn Feiners in Cap ital of Ireland at Present. _ ! Dublin. March 27.?Edward De Valera, recently f'ected president of Ireland by the Sinn Fein parliament, has been in Dublin since Tuesday, according to statements made here. ; Thirtieth at Charleston Transport Mercury Arrived Today With More than Three Thousand Troops Charleston. March 27.?The trans- ? pert Mercury with more than three thousand troops r>f the Thirtieth Di vision arrived here today. Most of the troops are from the HSth in fantry. Paris. March 27.?The supreme council reports that 3$ German ships have loft German ports to he deliver ed to the allied powers. Thr larger j ships will be used to repatriate Amur-' -ir-i Australian troops. id Fear not?Bet an the ends Thon Ali J?MTER, S. C, SA.TTJR OV. ALLEN SHOWS PREJUDICE Southern Cotton Authorities Ex-j pose Ignorance and 111 Will | of Kansan Toward The South pleasants and thomp son answer tirade of demagogue; Attack on Southern Farmer Un- j called for by Conditions and Statements Made By Governor Not In Accord With Facts. New Orleans. March 26?Character izing as "rash, venomous and full of j prejudice" the statement made re cently by Governor Allen of Kansas that the cotton reduction plan in the i South means the Southern cotton pro ducer is attempting to "trade upon the miseries of the world." Governor Pieasants of Louisiana tonight de clared that the Kansas executive "ex hibited a gross ignorance of the true situation." j Governor Pieasants' statement wn.si made upon his arrival from Memphis, j where he was in conference with the I farmers, bankers and merchants on; the cotton reduction plans. ] "The wheat farmers of Kansas " j Governor Pieasants said, "arc not growing their grain for less than it's worth, nor will they be compelled to carry a billion dollars worth of it for many months or years. The govern ment is going to pay them $2.26 for $1 wheat and all of us are willing to pay the difference. We therefore are showing a great deal of altruism towards the suffering Kansas wheat farmer." / Declaring that the government price of wheat will be an inducement for the wheat growers to increase their crop the governor continued: "Watch and see if they will not raise 1,200.000,000 bushels of wheat this year instead of the 600.000.00e they raised only a few years ago. They are risking a great oversupn: to get the government's price, and. not because of the world's demands. Turning his attention to diversid cation of} crops in the South, Gov ernor Pieasants said: "The Southern farmer is going ..Jp raise a sufficiency of other things than cotton to maintain his family, make cotton a surplus crop and make the spinner come to him and buy at a reasonable and profitable price instead of being compelled to rush into the market and sell at most any price as heretofore." Den-ying Governor Allen's state ment that 3? cents a pound is being paid for cotton, the governor con cluded by saying "Governor Allen's assertion that we are getting that much for cotton is not true. If the world would buy our cotton and pay that price we would have no com- \ plaint." Montgomery, Ala., March 2**>.? j "Henry J. Allen, governor of Kansas.; in his telegram to Chairman of the] Cotton Growers' Association of South: Carolina, as reported by the Asso- j ciated Press uttered a mean stricture: on the cotton growers of the South." declared J. O. Thompson, president i of the Alabama Farmers' Protective i League, today. "His claims that th?j wheat growers are doing all they! can to increase the wheat yield that every man may have bread is arnus-: ing. Governor Allen knows that' the wheat growers have made a good bargain with the government: and he knows that they have tre mendously increased their acreage at the expense of corn. I "No one believes that the wheat; growers have so tremendously in- j creased their wheat acreage be cause of their desire to feed the world. They are planting it because they have sold it5 at an exorbitant: price. "Mr. Ailen speaks of 35 cents the farmer is receiving for his cotton, i when he as any intelligent man1 should know that we can not get within ten cents of that price." Admission to League - l Peace Conference Conditions for Admission of Nations to Membership Paris. March 27.?A proposal which seeks to settle the conditions required for admission to the league of nations has been presented to the peace conference. It says countries desiring membership must prove their ability to "ensure to all eiti zens. as well as all foreigners resident in their territories, full religious free dom and protection to person and property. liberty of the press and the free exercise of such rights of suf frage as may be guaranteed by their constitutions, customs or legislative enactments." Paris, March 27.?Gen. Manguin. one of leading French officers, will be recalled from his command at May ener, the newspapers announce, to undertake a mission, the character and scope of which "is indicated plainly by events in Hungary." London. March 20.- - Troops of the Kolchak government, who pierced the Bolshcviki front on a thirty mile sector or March 11th have eontinued progress and the Bolshevik position is precarious, according to a Reuter dis uatch ft*o"rr. O^isi.. Ml at be thy Uountry ^ Ihj ttod'f a DAT, MARCH 29. 1919 hughes speaks on covenantI Leading Republican Makes Sug gestions for Changes in the Constitution of League of Nations ADDRESS DELIVERED IN NEW YORK BEFORE BIG AUDIENCE ?- ! Former Supreme Court Justice; Discuses Plan as Published at Paris and Criticises some of Its Features. New York, March 26.?Seven; amendments to the league of nations; covenant, ir mded primarily by th^ir, author to insure the American con tinent against European aggression to protect the United States from enforced administration of foreign territory and to revoke the '"trouble breeding" guaranty of the existing political independence of member na tions, were proposed here tonight by Charles E. Hughes. Minor suggestions of the former Republican presidential candidate were that definite limitation be plac ed upon the league's field of inquiry, reserving to the several nations ex clusive control of immigration, tar iffs and other internal problems, that provision bo made for the withdraw al of states from the organization, and that what he termed an ambig uity as to the requirement of unani mous decisions by the league to be cleared up. In an adress before the Union League Club reviewing exhaustively the terms of the proposed covenant, Mr. Hughes declared that the Ameri can people "were entitled to a better piece of work." He added that much would have been gained 'if at the outset" part of the time expended in its praise had been devoted to its cor rection." The amendments. Mr. Hughes sug gested "aside from formal improve ments' were stated as follows: 1. Explicit provision, as to the re I quirement of unanimity of decision. 2. Suitable limitation as to the field of the league's inquiries and ac tion so as to leave no doubt that the concerns of states, such as immigra tion and tariff laws, arc not embraced 3. Providing that no foreign pow er shall hereafter acquire by conquest, purchase, or in any other way, any possession on the American continent or the islands adjacent thereto. 4. Providing that the settlement of purely American questions shall be remitted primarily to the Ameri can nations, and that European na tions shall not intervene unless re quested to do so by the American nations. -5. Omitting the guaranty (of the existing independence of member na tion ; of Article X. *>. Providing that no member of the league shall be constituted a mandatory without its consent and no European or Asiatic power shall be constituted a mandatory of any American people. 7. Providing that any member of the league may withdraw at its pleas ure on a specified notice. Mr. Hughes criticised severely the tenth article of the covenant under which the "high contracting parties" undertake to "respect and preserve as against external aggression the ter ritorial integrity and existing politi cal independence of all states mem bers of the league." Conceding the argument that this clause had been included to the nations born of war, the speaker regarded it as "a trou-! ble breeder" and not a "peace mak er." , Mr. Hughes declared that he saw neither "severity nor hardship" in I the articles relating to investigations j and recommendations by the league j for the reduction of armaments. He j regarded the provision for arbitration j as confined generally to "existing ! practice" and "falling far short of any positive assurance against war." [ Emphasizing that submission of in ternal disputes to the league author-: ity is optional, as also is the decision ! of member nations to go to war to! enforce an award of the arbitration authorities made after such a submis- ? sion. he found merit, however, in the "mooling off" process set up in the j allowance of three months for con-1 sideration of the arbitrators on the | decision before disputes may go to' war. j The provision for reports by mem ber nations of impending disputes. \ the former supreme court jurist as- j sorted, "gives voice to the lesson of i the great war. It commits to no ac-! lien, loaves the doer open for the' only cooperation that can be proper-: ly contemplated: thai; is, the coopera tion when the time of the exigency ? is deemed to be advisable." Mr. Hughes said that definite rec- : ognition should be made in the league,' of nations covenant of the Monroe doctrine. Aircraft Insurance. j London. Feb. L'S (Correspondence) ?It was officially stated to a ques- j ticner in the House of Commons that I the excess of premiums over pay ments under the government aircraft insurance scheme which provided payment of damages through loss from air raids, amounts to more than i 10,000.000 pounds. ? ' ? ? I Zurich, March 2Z.?Former cm- ! peror Charles and family arrived in Switzerland today. They will reside | n-W K?rfCiidCh. atf Trat*'?.'; THJE TBXJ& CHANGES MADE IN COVENANT) American Amendment to Pro tect Nations Against the In flux of Foreign Labor. MONROE DOCTRINE IS MADE SAFE; i Another Important Amendment! Affects Article 8, Which Re-! fers to the Reduction of Arm-1 ament ! Paris March 25.?An American j amendment to protect nations against ' the influx of foreign labor was j adopted today by the league of na j tions commission. It afnims the right! lot* any country in the control of mat-i j ters solely within diplomatic jurisdic-! I tion. J Another important amendment to I the league covenant affects article 8, j which empowers the executive council j to formulate a plan for the reduc tion of armaments. The language of I the article is altered so as to limit the I powers of the council to a simple rec ommendation to the governments af fected. President Wilson would have of fered the amendment at the meeting of the leagrue of nations commission J last night, but discovered a slight [ imperfection in the text and reserv I ed the right to submit it later, j The American peace delegation, it is understood, has definitely agreed j upon the amendment it will offer to ; article 10 of the covenant of the j league of nations to safeguard the ! Monroe Doctrine. f The amendment provides that ! agreements under the covenant shall j not be construed as an infringement I upon the principles of international ; policies heretofore generally recog I nized. ! As framed the amendment will be ? an appendix to the article pledging ? members of the league to respect and preserve against external aggression ! the territorial integrity and existing j political independence of members. Mention of the Monroe Doctrine by : name is avoided purposely. Inasmuch as President Wilson and j Col. Rouse on several occasions have i discussed the subject with Premiers Lloyd George. Clemenceau and Or ' lando. it is assumed the president as ! sured himself of fuviable action in advance of the submission of the ! amendment to the commission. Other changes in the covenant made ; at last night's meeting and which are regarded by the American delegates . of great importance were calculated to meet suggestions and objections : emanating from America. They in j elude a substitute for the phrase j "states members of the league" in ar ticle 10 and elsewhere in the cove jnant, thus meeting objections that the! ; latter term created membership. Provision also was made for the re-1 ! vision of the covenant itself from I j time to Time, thus meeting the objec-1 j tion that it is inflexible. The admis-! j sion of other States was provided for. I but it was agreed that any change in ? ! numbers must he with due regard j to the proportion between the repre-j sentation of the 'arge and small pow ers on the executive council as de- j lined in the articles creating the j ! council. n Many changes in the text of the covenant were made with the special j purpose of clarification and removing j ambiguities to which attention had j been called by speakers in the United i States. Some doubt is entertained in ' some quarters as to the wisdom of amendments affirming absolute con trol of countries over their internal affairs, as possibly prohibiting the extension of outside aid to put down j revolutions, and it is possible this language may be further modified. ! One amendment to be submitted j adopts a provision that powers { which are not specifically delegated j to the league are reserved to Individ- j ual members. Nothing has yet beenj done to affirmatively state the^right j of a nation with regard to its with- j drawal from the league, nor has the | Japanese amendment regarding ra-1 cial discrimination been reached.! This latter, however, has been modi- i fied so as to simply declare for the j right of just treatment and is likely to be accepted. A French amendment providing i for the maintenance of a general { military staff has been proposed but j thus far it has not been accepted. Article 10 of the league of nations j draft reads as follows: '?The hierh contracting parties shall j undertake to respect and preserve as ' against external aggression the ter- ! ritorial integrity and existing politi cal independence of all States mem bers of the league. In case of any such aggression or in case of any threat of danger of such aggression the executive council shall advise i upon the means by which the obliga tion shah be fulfilled." The Hungarian Govement New Government Composed of Majority of Jews. Basel, March 27.?The new Hun- , garian government consists of twen ty-four Jews and six Christians, the Vienna P.eichspost says. The news paper expresses the belief that ] Magyars will not submit to this gov- i eminent. 1 f VoLXLVIII. No.l! BUNGLED PEAi London Press Passes Sharp Criticism on Paris Proceed ings LEAGUE OF NATIONS PROJECT IS BLAMED Too Much Idealism, Say Some? The Food Proble# Causes Un rest and Resentment Am< Lower Classes. London, March 25.?Morning, news papers unanimously charge the ParS Peace Conference with responsibility lor Hungary's embracing Bolshevism and the general dissatisfaction over the delay of peace but the^manner in which it has incurred r^sppnsi-; bility is variously explained.^ v While treating the Htmgarian/?pi sode more lightly than others, be cause it docs not believe the whole country w\ll, imitating Budapest, be come Bolshevik, the Post accuses the conference of delaying peac?, while its idealists are wfolT?'^ig:: >i^ev will o'-the-wisp called the I^fi^rue^of Na tions." It also expresses-iits belief that certain international financial interests are working against the in dependence of Poland. The newspapers panacea is to treat the diplomatic situation as it was treated militarily when everything was entrusted to Marshal Foch and it suggests that supreme direction be given Premier Clemenceau so that "probable failure arising from divid ed councils may be avoided." The Telegraph ascribes the gravity of the situation to a "dangerous mis calculation which assumed a much longer war and left the "Allies unpre j pared as to a policy of peace." The Chronicle thinks Hungary has given a healthy shock to public opin ion and that if the'council of ten re sponds, it may prove a blessing in dis guise. ?? ' "If the council of ten,' it says "had! not for many motnhs shown marked, ?ncapacity for action, no one cnegd dcubt the result.- *.** The Allie>fi)||| an almost irresistible weapon, name ly food, but by sheei^ bungling and by disagreements and procrastinations have blunted its edge." The newspaper maintains the rei edy now is prompt and . combi ! military action against the Ma? ? government. ? ' j "Conferences, delays and a rei ] to face the Russian problem are di i rectly responsible for the present dis quieting situation, says the MaiL "While the conference talks, the Bclsheviki act. The fruits of im j mense sacrifices on the battlefield are [being imperiled because the confer j ence cannot attend to the business ! for the dispatch of which it exists." ! The Daily News deduces that the j League of Nations has been an ob ! stacle to the conclusion of peace. It I says: -\ "The tragic situation is due to thex failure of the Allies to provide the Central Empires with food and raw materials while the conference has been attempting to reconcile the pol icy of territorial spoliation with the spirit of the League of Nations." The newspaper also condemns the refusal of the Peac^ Conference to recognize and make terms with the Russian Bolshevik government. Husbands are Scarce - One and A Half Million Women Will Never Have the Chance of Marriage. London, March 5?There are one and a half million women in this country who will never have the chance of getting married, is the statement of Miss Norah March, edi tor of National Health. In 1917 there was a surplus of 1,337,000 marriage able women over marriageable men, and since then there have been the war casualties of 1918. Miss March says that emigration will remove a few of these, surplus women while economic independence will prevent women from marrying men for the sake of a home. "Many men and women in this age of modem advancement," says Miss March, "are getting different views from those held in the past, and re gard women's right to motherhood as a supreme individual prerogative. Having such a wide choice of wives, the question remains as to whether the men will choose the best and strongest women, as upon the women will depend largely the future human race, since the rest of manhood has been cut off. The choice really rests with the woman for with her is the right of refusing an offer of marri age." Ceneva, March 27.?William Hoh onzollern. alarmed by the receipt of threatening letters, intends to leave Holland and seek refuge in Switzer land .according to the newspaper La Swisse. London. March 25.?Six Bolshevik regiments on the northern Don front have been driven over the Donetz river by Don Cossacks, an undated ill. patch fron Ekaterinodar declares. Copenhagen. March 26.?Count Karolyi. former president of Hungary, lias been arrested and will be brought before the revolutionary tribunal for trial a. "ie;42. dispatch state*