The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, February 05, 1919, Image 3
Job Reconciling Conflicting
Nations.
GREAT POWERS ADVANCE
CLAIMS FOR TERRITORY
France Calls for Alace-Lorraine
and Insists on No Military
Works on Left Bank of Rhine;
Great Britain Advances No.j
Continental Ambitions; Italy
Asks for Much; Balkan States' j
Demands Create Difficult j
Problems to be Adjusted.
Paris, Feb. 2.?(By the Associated
; Press.)-r-The delegates of the five
V great powers are now in a position to
K| compare clearly their own aspirations
and those of all their allied friends
and>-to see the differences that mu: t
he reconciled. Tie- miximuu? of
hopes, often overlapping, has h-.-ei.
?told.freely- and it remains for ihe
peace conference to adjust them into
a coordinated whole. The desires of
-.the .several countries as presented
.inay be compressed thus:
Franee?France wants lirst of ail.
Alsace-Lorraine unconditionally and
the right to discuss and ultimately
to fix the French frontiers in th-ir
x relation* to the Rhine, which may r?
'.quire the creation of buffer states.
One of these would bd the. Palatinate
and another Rhenish Prussia.
Franc desire's also to annex the
basin of. the Sarra River, which might
be called a reannexrition.
France will insist that sc? far as the
?-*ft bank of the Rhine further to th<
north is concerned -the conference
should forbid military works of any
"kind?barracks, bridgeheads, forts and
.fortresses?in that zone. The feeling
?.5s.'.t?uxt the people inhaWtatmg that
..zone should be free to d<-eide iv?r
themselves whether they wish to join
France, form an in dependant state or
return to Germany.
The French bill for reparation is
not yet complete, but it has been an
nounced in the chamber of deputies
that it will be about G6.0O0.000.C0e
francs.
". .The French government does v.-..'.
;ask for a protectorate in Syria in th
ordinary sense, because it considers
?.that the population there is tor> ad
vanced to make a protectorate neces
sary, but France, on account of her
traditional interests in this country,
feels that she should be called upon
. to exercise some suit' of guardianship
er guidance until Syria should be fuj
iy able'lo govern herself.
Great Britain?Great Britain's dele-1
TRtfrm ' believes that a society of na
tiops/ is desirable and obtainable and
that-it must be establishe'd by ? th*
present peace conference. She ad
vances no continental purposes other
than those of a permanent and just
peace under the principle <>f s?df
determination and that there shall b<
international freedom of transit by
railroads and waterways, which is
Great Britain's general definition o/
freedom of commerce in times of
peace. > j
: "Great Britain will take man da ton*'-!
power over the German islands south i
of/the equator for Australia and over j
German Southwest Africa for th
"Union of South -Africa. She will als?,
have .the mandate over German East
Africa and some parts of Arabia and
she has particular claims in this re
spect- over Mesopotamia. Great Brit
ain will enter a pool with the other
allies in the matter of indemnities,
especially reparation for air raid dam
ages and shipping losses.
Italy?Italy asks for the Trentino
as far as the Brenner pass, including
the whole of the southern Tyre: j
Trieste. Istria. Fiume. Zara. Sebinico. j
the larger part of the Dalmatian 'Is-1
lands, Avlona and its hinterland, a
protectorate over Albania, possession
of the islands in the Aegean which
were taken from Turkey during the
Tripolitan war and the province of
AdaZia if France and England shouV
take territory in Asia Minor.
.The Italian contention is that the I
Dalmatian Islands and such parts of;
the Dalmatian coast as an- hot as- j
signed to Italy shad he neutralized j
Should France and England extend j
their colonial possessions in Africa.!
Italy desires to enlarge her posse* I
sions in Eritrea and Tripoli
Roumania?Territorial contention*:-: I
in the Balkans are* complieat'-d and]
present difficult problems. Roumxni
desires to retain possession of th ?? i
portion of Russian Bessarabia ^;v< n |
h^r by the centra! powers der th |
treaty of Baeharest and how in h< . j
possession. Roumama also desii
southern Dobrodja as ceded to her by j
i-tu-lgaria after the second bJaJkan j
war. Possessio et of 1 :? ssi i ra 1?:.- ? .-.. ?i
she Dobruja commands the mouth <;t" ?
the Danube.- ',
To the westward Roumania wants :? j
annex the Hapsburg provinces of I
Bukowina and Transylvania and j
considerable part of the rich si agr
cultural distinct of Breat. ft is h-n j
that the Roumanian aspira?i< ns c ?? !
?ftict with those of Serbia,
firm that under her war agrc m? j
with the en&nte Serbia sho ;id ha*
a large portion of Banal ? ?
other sections of former A .. > U
gary adjoining Old Serbia to the nor
to round out the proposed ? ? . ? s ( ;
state; Boih Roumania and Ser?
have moved troops in;.> Ban a; :??<
cure their claims ;:;:<{ French troops j.
have established a neutral zone :??
prevent hostilities beween tin
Serbia?Serbia'.-- claim to take fr<
the Hapsburg monarchy the i
of Bosnia and Herzegovina . op
posed by no one in the ? ? u group.
The plans for th?- incorp< ?:- n inte i:
Jugo-Siavia of the Hapsburg pr<
?f Croatia, except ;is to the coastal j
region- of Fium? . are also considered ?:
as subject to the internal di els.ion 01 j i
the southern Slavs.
,. J.ugo-Slav and Italian aims in 1
-i-...7r- .f,?.-_? - ? _m. - _ ? .
I
?harp conflict in the settlement of the
Adriatic coast problem, involving tin
future of Kiume and the Croatian sea -1
board along with the islands of Mon
tenegro and Serbia as part of a great
er Jugo-Slav slat" has been voted by
the Montenegrin parliament, but the
faction representing King Nicholas
and his adherents protest again si a
union which shall not leave to Monte
negro entire local self-government.
There is also a conliict between the
plans of Jugo-Slav statesmen and
those of Czecho-Slovakia who desire
a wide corridor from Bohemia to the
Adriatic, to Hungary and Croatia to
secure an outlet to the sea.
Greece?Greece wishes northern
Kpirus and Tbrace. with the exception
of Constantinople, and the shores of
the Bosphorous and Dardanelles,
which Premier Venizelos wished to
place under international ' cofttroL
Greece asks for the vilayet of .Smyrna
in Asia Minor and the former Turk
ish islands in the eastern -Mediterran
ean including those known as the
Dodecanesus, and claimed by Italy.
Bulgaria?Although Bulgaria cap
itulated without conditions a ad her
future terit?rles depend upoK%the con
querors, her government has not
abandoned hope of adding extensive
territories and it even hopes to receive
extensions of the Bulgarian frontiers
in southern Macedonia along the
Aegean coast and in Thrace.
Cz-cho-Slovakki?The new state of
Cz^cho-Slovakia is carving out its [? -
ritories almost entirely ai the ex pot :
??f the old Austria-Hungary. The ! in;:
doms of Bohemia, Moravia and'the
Slovak regions of northern Hungary
already have been incorporated into
the proposed state, but there arc cer
tain eon?icts with the Poles. Ruje
mans. Roumanians and Germans, ?s
Weil .'is with the Austriahs and the
Magyars, because che. Czechs C&irn
ithai part of German Saxony and Ger
1 man Silesia belongs ^ethnographically
I to the new sia t?-.
j The Czech o-S.lcvaks are coming into
i.opposition to Polish claims in Silesia
and sections of Galicia. while to the
northeast Gxech? -Slovakia expansion
is brought into contact with the
! Ruthenians or TUranian.:-.. in eastern
{ Galieia. The new state desires ex
I pension southward over a frontage on
jvbe Danube and over a corridor t.?
: the Adriatic^
Poland- The 2"oies. with ah in?der
quate army: are endeavoring *<"> cs
I laPlish possession of disputed regions
on three sides of iiussian Poland and
Galicia, which consulates the nucleus
of the new Polish State. The Poles
desire eastern Oaiieia to include Lem
berg, which is in the Ckraino, and
thn disputed province of Chekn in
Little Russia.
To the northeast the Poles*desire to
have vi'na. recognized as Polish. Both
the Lithuanians and the BoJsheviKi
have raised claims to VSlna'; the Bol
sheviki supporting their pretensions
by a -menacing" military offensive. Trie
Poles are contending against the Ger
mans not only for German Silesia
and Posen and West Prussia as prov
inces populated chiefly by Poles, but
also for the city of Danzig, so as to
provide Poland- with dir?-': : ".cess to
the sea.
Should the Pole:; have iJrrr/.U;. East
Prussia would be cut off from tie- rest
>f Cevmanv and would remain ah
?'island" porulated by Germans sur
rounded by Pr>: s'i dominions.
Belgium?Belgium asks that the
reparation for damages wrought by
Germany shall be the first lien upon
German assets to the extent of at
least 15.000.eo0.000 francs or up to
a much larger sum if Germany docs
r?ot return the machinery and the ma
terials taken from Belgium. Belgium
believes that she should be paid first
because she was the first to be invad
ed^ beenrse her neutrality was vio
lated and because she has suffered
more from despoliation than any oth
er country in the war.
Belgium having reasserted her in
dependence and thus emerged from
her old state of neutrality, desires
from Holland the left bank of the
Scheldt and the peninsula of Maa
stricht, which protudes into Belgian
Limberg. Belgium also will assent
to a plebiscite in Luxembourg to de
cide whether that count*;/ wishes to
loin Belgium or France or to retain
:ts autonomy.
The foregoing1 may be considered
:he extreme ctaims of Belgium. They
come im o conflict with Holland,
which resists any ir.frr.-cremrnts of
:he from.:''::: ashed for by the Belgian
aunexationists. The government of
iTolland appears willing iy revise the
s?he:dt navigation treaty so that Bel
xiirm should enioy ec.ual rights with
Holland.
Japan?Japan enters the pea
conference, as H?ron Makmo. the del
egate, ha? said, territorial
ambitions in China,'' and that as for
Tsing Tan she will hand it back to
China under the terms of the notes
exchanged between China and Japan:'
In May. 3M".. This is interpreted by;
Japan as permitting her to ~otain
certain former German concessions on]
the Shangtung peninsula. Japan. ?
Baron Makino explains, "neither in- j
tends nor desires io inter fere In Rus-J
siah affairs, but is willing if solicited ]
to aid Russe: -in restoring order.'" j
These ?)??'?.'.:r;:f.ioox dispose of two)
of :h" :r::i;i questions in which .!<:p:;?;:
's interested except thai she desires]
to retain the Southern Pacific islands *
north of tlie equator whicb formerly ]
belonged to Germany.
China?Tim Chinese delegates ask
to be guaranteed against foreign im- j
perialism or aggression and desiite
the gradual abolition of '"consular
rights" and to be allowed to ?n>pos<
her duties on importations. The ?"!;!
nese t-jso ask for the return oX Kiau
Chan.
Switzerland ?Sv.*it% rlaa I a;:r -.??ex {o
i>c the only neutral state which na/ so
far presented her desires to th - peace
conference. The Swiss government
lias represented that while v.-it:/.<?:?
[and would foe glad to participate ja;
i society nations, yet. bevo-use of
Iniw.i I):. :??-ii: ii-she .iM hot
1?? so if thai should :n< ? n tuse of
vor troops in policing tlie world by
*oree. as perhaps against Italy,
'"ranee or Germany,
Switzerland desires an outle' to the
;ea. by making tlie Bhine a neutral
^tr.*am. This is in accord with
.?"roneh desires, since if At-?ace-Lor
ainc becomes Pren^h from ?asle
torthward and independent imffer
tates siioij:?] oe erected cul **f the
'alatinate and Hhenish i5rit::?;ia. as
Doctors Say
I Calotabs Are
I Best for Flu
-
j Influenza and Grippe, Like Ordi
J nary Colds, Require Calotabs,
j the Perfected Calomel That is
Free From Nausea and Dan
ger of Salivation.
Physicians and druggists claim ?i~t
:he great epidemic of influenza hay
conclusively demonstrated thai the
mickcsj cure for a cold and the k ;r:
t>>r.even.tiye of influenza and pn-u
:noiiia is to keep the liver active so
h:>: the digestive rgans may be in
perfected condition. For this purpose
'alotabs, the new nausealess calomel
rhat is freed from the sickening and
salivating effects, is the most thorough
end dependable, as well as most
agreeable laxatvie.
j Calotabs have the special advantage
i -f not making the patient sick and
I .venk. as they are free from the
[ nauseating and griping qualities a:. ;
i'< !:<?t upset the digestion and app??
:it?-. One Calotab at bed tinae with a
swallow of water?that's all. >"<??
salts, no nausea, nor the slightest in
lierference with your eating, pleasure
l-ir work. ?xt morning your cold has
J -anished, your liver is active, and ybu
?j;t feeling fine with a. heavy appetite
; .'or breakfast.
* !?'>.,? your prOteeSm'tl, C??o'tab.S :"rr?
j <>n]y in original sealed pacfcag? ??.
j price flViry-fiye cents. Sold hy all
; h-uggists and your money back if y><:;
j ire not glad you got them.?Axlyt.
; suggested by IvrarShal Fpch. it would
j be necessary to neutralize the Rhine.
! if ibis wer;* done it would give
j:Switzerland a;; outlet to the seas.
; ^andinayiit?The tevi-itori.:! ::ST>ir
| itions of the three Scandinavian pow
'??;rs are considcr-d modest. Denmark
[ wishes to annex lhat part ol rtforth
| ern Schleswig inhabited predominant
i iy by DaAes. but has not asked to re
gain the provinces of Schleswig and
[Holstein taken from Denmark by
."Prussia m th?- war of or to ex
tend her frohti -i s southward to the
' Kiel can ah
! Norway has certain, aspirations to
Spitzbergen or a part of it. but I
j not pressing her claims energetically.
; A strong Socialist ioovc-me.nl in
Sweden fayojrs; tlic union with Swed
en of trie Aiaad Islands, which are
regarded 1? the Swedes as th<- nave'
key to Stockholm. Swedish interests.
: it is- claimed, are in conflict with those
j of Finland. . Sovereignty over the is
lands has belonged to Finland since
the fall of the Russian imperial gov
aunt. JCothmg has beOn heard since
the eoliar.h- of Germany of earlier
Finnish plans to secure an outlet by
the annexatior/ of parts of Russian
Careiia. lying between Finland and
the M?rm'an coast and even of ad
jacent Finrnark. which belongs to
Norway. This contention on the part
of Finland led to the landing of al
lied trooos at Murmansk to prevent
lao establishment of a German sub
marine base on the northern seas.
The delegates of the five powers
who will straighten out this plexius of
rival interests are obliged also to
cake into consideration the passionate
racial claims as well as the history of
all Europe for centuries.
Agreement on Colonies
Allies Determined Colonies Shall
Not Revert to Germany.
Paris. Fol;, l?By. the Associated
Press)?-The a.-cord reached by the
council of the great powers concern
ing the disposal of the German colo
nies and occupied regions in Turkey
in Asia is much mere definite than is
generally supposed and, besides ac
ceptance in principle of the American
plan of mandatories, it embraces the
following main features:
The allied and associated powers
are agreed that the German colonies
shall not be returned to Germany,
owing, first, to mismanagement,
cruelty and the as." of these colonies
submarine bases.
The conquered regions of Armenia,
Syria, Mesopotamia, Palestine and
Arabia shall be detached from the
Turkish empire.
Provision is made whereby the well
being and development of backward
colonial regions are regarded as the
sacred trust of civilization, oVer which
the league. ?<f nations exercise, super
visory i: :<-. Tim adnm.isltatioh Of
tutelage of ;i;.'-s" regions is en
trusted to the j j i?? advanced nations,
?-vim v.ii] act as mandatories in he
ir.:!:' of the league oi" nations.
These mandatories are not uniform,
but vary according to the degree of
development of the colonial region
and its approach to the stage of self
government. The mandates in Pales
tine.; Syria ?and other portions of Tur
key: where well -d e v eloped civ?iz?
tioh exists, would be comparatively
lighi and would probahly permit of
i!n- provisional rocogintioh oi tiio in
dependence of tlicse communities.
- < ?n the other hand, colonies like
r,hose in Central Africa would require
a mandators wiih large powers of ad
ministration as responsible for the
suppression of tlie slave trade, the
liquor traffic, ammunition and arms
traffic and the prevention of military
authority on tlie part of the natives
except for native police purposes.
Other colonies and localities, such
>s those hi German Southwest Africa,
and some of the South Pacific islands,
have such sparse and scattered popu
lations and are so separated from
other communities that the laws of
the mandatory country would probab
ly prevail in these regions.
The mandatories will report a(
stated intervals t<< the league of na
tions concerning the manner in which
i 'colony is being administered.
The foregoing general outline indi
cates on broad lines the terms where
by, it is dec lared, conflicting views
were tinally reconciled and a, commor
agreement was reached acceptable tc
all the great and colonial powers.
XOIUVAY KOLincS
Breeder Knudsen\s Party Lost 25
Seats?Socialists Failed to Increase
Strength.
; Christiania, Ix-c. ^e. via London.
Jan. 5 (Corespondence of The As
sociated Press)?The party of the
Lefts, headed by the Premier, Gunnar
I Knudsen, lost 25 seats in Parliament
[in the recently held election, in
? stead of 80 seats which it controlled
[during: the last session of the Storth
jhig, the party now controls 55 seats.
Opposition is divided between the
Rights which have increased their
membership from 24 to 53 and the
Socialists who have IS scats instead
of 19 as i.j the previous Parliament.
.The FCnudscn party, or Lefts, still is
the strongest division in the Storthing
I but now has considerable less than a
majority of its 126 members It is
expected that this will involve the re
Iconstruction of the cabinet.
The most conspicuous event in the
election was the defeat of the speak
er of Parlament, J. L. Mowinskel. of
Bergen, who was regarded as politi
cally one of tie- strongest-men in the
house and one of the most staunch
> supporters <ifr the cabinet. I
The failure of the Socialists to in
crease the number of their votes
I throughout, the country was a sur
j prise as this party had proiitfid by re
cent changes in the suffrage law. The
party gaining only Z',000 votes while
the Rights.gained ?&.??'ft'. This is as
rcribed to the Socialist program to ox
j'elude the teaching: of religion from
[schools, to support prohibition ;>nd Lo
[reform society along the lines of the.
: Russian Bolsheviki.
: Although Norwegian women have
[had the suffrage for more, than 10
.years, no woman ever has been elect
ee monger of parliament. One wo
;?m:n v/;:s Tr^uri:"L';ted for that office in
trie last election but .received only 172
I votes*. A small '.fraction of self-sup
j porting women have jormed an efec
; tion association with a platform ask
j ing voters never to vote for men, but
it's influence, was not perceptible at
! the polls.
Two important issues to come, be
fore the parliament at its session be
| ginning in January are n reform in
j the election system by which the
; thinly settled districts now eject the
? majority of members while the cities,
I with a more dense population; have
less repress rttation ifi proportion to
j their population. Other proposals are
to enact a law of init;ative and refer
j end urn and to solve the prohibition
; question.
The Cost of the War.
Tin- reports of actual disbursements
month by month during- 191s show
that the treasury over-estimated its
needs this year just as it overestimat
ed them to spend all of the vast
sums appropriated for carrying oh
the war. The expenditures for last
October alone were about a quarter of
a billion dollars less than the esti
mates for that month. The total war
cost for America was. up to Novem
ber, ?20,500,00?>,000. Or* this 7 billion
dollars was loaned to the allies. A
little more than 5 billions was raised .
from taxation. leaving something like
8 billion dollars as the net public debt
which the war had brought our coun
try during the period of fighting. This
sum, which looks small indeed beside
cur national resources, or beside the
.expenditure of the chief belligerents
of Europe, wiil be largely increased
by the huge expenditures for demoh
i?-cation and reconstruction work. Our
"?. l.-ral Reserve Board issued a bulle
t'a on November 18 giving what is
probably the best authentic current
estimate of war costs. They
?'. Vr,.>u<?.'mm),ooo as the total cost; of;
the war to May 1. 1918, which would
mean scan-thing like $.200,000,00.^,
O.-'j by the end or' this year. Scarcely
! loss imprvssiv?- than the hugeness of
these sums is the rapidity with w^iich
the erp-.-r.se of lighting the war;
mounted from year to year. ForTaVi
IS 15 $26,01*0,000.000 was the .tofa@
c ost: !t/*(; brought the figures to $M&53??
? 00<?,0?i?.0.;0; arid It* 17 to $G0,00O?-vv.
000.000. C omparatively little of these'l:
, gigantic expenses have been defrayed^
: from taxation, and war loans -aff-*-:^'
gj-r-gaie !;",<\?)00,000,000. The. allies "
Iiave borrowed $105,000,000,000 and j|
' lim central powers $4fi,UiiO,000,000?? '
: :h'-se timires being for bond issued.
\ previous to May, 1018. The seven.-..
I principal belligerents had in 1014 aTfc-y
I aggregate annual interest charge on
j their public debts of about $1,000,
: 000,000. Today it is ten times as
j much. Germany's national debt is tf^Tj?s.
'nearly thirty-Jive billion dollars?more,
'than t\vo-l:fths of her estimated nat
iomai* wea.lth. --American Review ' b?
Reviews.
.
Stomach Pains ^
Doubled Him tip;:
His Kidneys Caused Pains in
, His Back Also. Claims Breca
Gave Relief.
'? :.?r:i;y i.-' er-t ar--- received stating
.the .good nt.-co has uone. We print
this one eoiuiug from Mr. S. CK I>eaue
:of !??!- .Main St., < "olumbia. S. C,v who- .
? sa ys: ? ? . ^?si?Bs8?
? J suffer- (l awful pains in my stone- ;
ach that would draw me double. My;;;;
kidney;- were deranged, the urine "be- ;
ing of high color; feverish and pain
ful. 1 'have taken three bottles of
Dreco and all tio-sc troubles are com
pletely ceased. My wife is also taking
. Dreco now." ? " ''
1 Dreco acts on the kidneys and
stops the backache, dull, tired, drag
i ging down pains; relieves constipa
te m: assists the stomach to digest the
? foim': ends gas misery; relieves dizzy
: sj?e:is*, biliousness: coated tongue; bad
taste in the mouth; increases the ap
petite and. induces sound sleep.
; Tin-eo is a combination of many
; medicinal herba! plants, which have
a direct effect on the vital organs-, ^e- ,
: ing a natural herb -medicine, it aetS<
jin a natural way, so that the effects
; are permanent.
?: Dreco is now sold by nil good drug?
i gists throughout the country and" x?
. highly recommended in Sumter by
.' Siborfs Dru? star-.?Advt..
and Will Always be the Staple Crop of
the South
JUST AS
(Red Steer Brands)
Will Always be the Standard Fertilizer of the South
FIRST IN QXJ?LI
FIRST IN CAREFUL MANUFACTURE
FIRST IN CROP RESULTS V
Our many customers and growing business demon
strate these three rxoints and that
"h Pavs to Use Them"
We have Potash goods. Order now. V
Manufactured by:
(Ferllilz?r W&rks)
Sales Office; CHARLOTTE* N. C. ^
Factories: if?imingfoit? N. C- Greensboro, N. C. Columbia, S. C.
Chester, S. C
FOR SALE BY
?J5 WAR* I'M
f
MAYESViLLE, SOUTH CAROLINA
ES