Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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TKK SEMPER W ATCHSEAX, Estab i Consolidated Aug. 2,1 PEACE LEAGUE Wilson and Clemenceau Work- ? lag-Together Bring About Unanimous Agreement. THEIR PLAN-WILL BE INCORPORATED IN TREATY Resolution Favoring Proposal as : Part of Treaty Unanimously j Adopted Following Speeches) by American President, Brit-! ish Premier and Other Dele-j gates. Paris. Jan. 26.?The peace confer- j ence on Saturday weathered its first; ?storm and under the inspirations of a speech by President "Wilson and skill ful guidance of M. Clemenceau, the ? chairman; unanimously adopted reso- j mtions declaring for a league of na- j tions. The conference also went on ] record, in favor of incorporating the' .league as 3X1 integral part of the gen-j eral treaty of peace and admitting to' the. league "every civilized nation which can be relied on to promote its objects." Belgium, Servia, Roumania, Portu gal, Brazil, Siam, China, and Czecho slovakia protested against the va rious committees being largely re stricted to the great powers and ask ed for proportional representation privileges, particularly on bodies deal ing with- the league of nations, labor and reparation for war damages. Although this was a cloud no big feer-than a man's band, it threatened at one time to grow into a general alignment of the small powers against the'five great powers. This however. >Was averted by M. Clemenceau's good tempered and skillful direction. The session had the same impres sive dignity as the opening session with a picturesque setting of Arabs Indians in their turbans and tu nics, as . well as a distinguished array ^ij :prime ministers and other world teures.--- President Wilson for the first ?me was %ec?mpanied by the entire ijtrneric&n delegation. Colonel House! Having: recovered "sufficiently from his; ,-Slnesa^toJt?? .present. . ^'"ATthough jt had been expected that! ;P*em%t Lloyd George would op*m the j aiscttskon of the league of nations, ; r President Wilson had this honor/ The -^J^sident .was followed by Mr. Lloyd ; t^orge'in a brief address and the , resolution favoring: the league was Adopted without dissent after the pro *>o~a! had -been seconded by Premier Orlando- for Italy, Paul Hymans for j Belgium and Mr. Lu for China. When' the' other resolutions were broKgnt up and the protests of the representatives of the small powers ?were, made. M. Clemenceau made a ^?plea for5 harmony and on his assur ance ^bat the "supreme council wonld give attention to the viewpoint of the s??aU nations all the proposed amend ments were withdrawn and the reso lutions.were adopted unanimously. Says Scotch Bolshevism Marshal Declares Inciters of Riot Should be Hanged. ^Baltimore, Jan. 26.?Vice President Marshall in an address at the Presby terian rally here tonight said that Bolshevism and all it represented .must* be suppressed in this country and those leaders who . were instru mental , in trying to precipitate riot aihd. bloodshed should be hanged. The grea^. congregation of Presbyterians vigorously applauded the vice presi dent's declaration. . Sfr. Marshall's address was devoted to .the reconstruction problems and he. vigorously assailed those who w uld" overthrow the institutions of the government. He was introduced vby TJnited States Senator France, of Maryland. After referring to the work now being done with the hope of rehabilitating the world he said he. like bM others, hoped the millennium was near and that never again would men be called upon to offer their lives' on-the altars of militarism and autocracy. Business men. manufac turers and others are fearful of an upheaval in this country. Of this he saxd he had no fear. Trotzky Made His Escape Bolshevik Ministers' Legs Bear i9im Safely Away From Nava Before Town Falls. : London, Jan. 26.?A dispatch to the Exchange Telegraph from Copenhag en quoting advices received from Re val are to effect that Leon Trotzky. Bolshevik minister of war and ma rine,, succeeding in escaping from Narva before the town was captured, but that a regiment of the Ret Guard and' a number of its officers were made prisoners. The dispatch adds the Reds killed the bourgeoise who remained at Nor ya and also the entire populations of surrounding villages: The Bolsheviki are advancing against Libau. wdiich. according to reports, will be defended by the British squadron there. ? A Basle dispatch Friday reported that Trotzky did not make his escape ;fr<>in Narva, while previously an Es tonian, official report said he had es caped. ^ **?! AprS, 1SS0. "Bp JnM a 881. STJ COURT TO TRY ROYALCRMINALS Secretary Lansing Will Repre-j ! sent United States on j Committee. ? I RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE j WAR WILL BE FIXED! I ' ~~~ " ' ' I The French Government Holds; Opinion That Rulers of Cen-i tral Powers May Be Placed on I Trial. Paris, Jan. 26 (By the Associated I Press)-?Robert Lansing, secretary of j State, will be one of the two mem-j bers of the American committee ere ated yesterday by the peace confer- j ence to deal with the question of re-; sponsib.ility for the war. The. other1 members probably will be one of the experts attached to the mission who is now preparing the America*n views 'on this important question that car j ries with it the verdict of life or death I to the former German emperor and jsome of hie 0enerals and admirals and I oven civilian officials. Although the French government, ! through the. publication of the opin ; ion of its legal advisers particularly j indorsed the theory that it is within i the power of the peace conference to j try German, Austrian, Turkish and j Bulgarian violators of the laws of i warfare, the American commissioners lhave not yet disclosed their positions. ! The belief has been expressed., how j ever, that they will be found not jmuch at variance with the French as i to the strict question of legal power I but that they will not commit them ? selves regarding the policy to be i adopted in the exercise of that pow . er. ? '.? [Readjust Farm Methods War Emergency Has Passed j and Conditions CaD for Reg ular Crop Rotation. ! Washington, Jan. 26.?Farmers of ;the' United States were urged taday by the department of agriculture to return to sound farm practices in the coming season, abandoning cot-tain emergency measures adopted during ithe war,so as to assure ample sup i plies of all kinds for this country and I Europe. ! No cause for alarm as to the abil ity of American agriculture to main | tain its position in world trade dur ing the period of readjustment is i foreseen by the department, which i declares that a considerable demand j from European countries for food I stuffs was also assured for a year or ! more. The signing of the armistice found the United States with fairly large j stocks of foods but with smaller stocks of feeds. It was recommended ; that pasture' lands plowed up for growing grains and other food crops j should be reseeded to grass and that ! regular and satisfactory rotation of i crops be resumed. ? A "wise live stock program was said to inc'udo maintaining horses and j mules without material increase, a . normal increase in dairy cows and beef cattle, cosservative increase in. : swine until the relative shortage and ; high price of feeds ate overcome, an J increase in sheep, consistent with fa cilties,- and poultry if a minimum of I purchased feed is indicated. The de | partment is certain that farmers will I be justified in maintaining their ac reage of corn, oats and barley, large productions of which are -necessary to lire stock production, but the policy j as to wheat, of which Europe will need 728,000.000 bushels, depends up ; on a complicated set of conditions yet undetermined. It appeal's desir able to increase hay production by 25 1 per cent.. Peanut production, increas I ed during the war because of the de ! mand for oil, should be readjusted as I a part of crop economy. Those who intend to maintain home j gardens were urged to plant for their I own needs rather than attempt to j market their products. The United States appears to have :an export surplus of 620,000.000 pounds of tobacco, which is 248.000. . 000 pounds more than would be ".ceded in Europe or. a pre-war basis. Washington. Jan. 27.?General March discussing demobilization plans with the senate military committee : today stated that shipping arrange ments had been made by which three hundred thousand men can he trans I ported home monthly, and that all the American expeditionary forces can he returned homo and demo bilized within six months. He said the force to be held abroad will be . determined by President Wilson. He ; j indicated that ten divisions had been sugesled. He declared that under; present plans *he retention of a! . standing army of five hundred thou- > sand is proposed. GETS LONG SEXTEXCE. Columbia, Jan. 25.?Convicted by general courtmartial of attempting to; incite insubordination, disloyalty, fa voring the cause of Germany and refusing to do military duty while the United States was at war. Private. Bernhardt Schwebe! was sentenced to serve thjrty years at Fort Leaven worth, tite-de.cislon of the coun be-,! ing announced at Camp Jackson to-! day. Y 1 od Fear not?Dec all the ends Tbo? Ali MTER, S. C, WEDNES 5 YEAR CONTROL ! IS NECESSARY I -. ] I Mr. McAdoo Stands for Develop j ment of Inland Water | ways. RAILROADS HAVE THE STRONGEST RIVER TRAFFIC j ! ' - ? I "i Future of Water Transportation I : ? ? '. ..... . m Depends Upon Government; Control of Railways. j Santa Barbara, Jan." 2 7.?Mr, W. G^ j McAdoo, former director general of i railroads made public a telegram to ! day in which he urged five year gov j eminent control of railroads as a j necessity for the development of in I land waterways a nd the coordination ! of the railroads and waterways wfrh ithe new American, merchant marine. I The message was sent to the Mi ami-Erie improvement committee of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce, declining an invitation to attend a meeting today. Income Tax Law Accurate Statements Must Re Made?JNb Guessing. Columbia. Jan. 27.?The big in ! come tax drive for 1919 is now dn | ier way, and every preparation is Dr I ing made to handle the largest coi I lection in the history of income tax. j "I am: not waiting for the final pas ! savge of the new revenue bill by ccn i gross:", said Collector D. C. Heyward today, nor for the now regulations J and blank forms to be issued. To get j this big tax in and set it accurate ? and complete, I urge that we all be I gin now. "The income tax obligations impos i ed by. the old" law, as well as. the i measure now ir. congress, consist of 'two distinct operations.. One is to file ! return or statement of all items of in j come and items of deductions allow ! able by law and to do this within the [period named in law.- The other is to j pay the tax, if any is due. 1 ' Neither of these obligations can ; be met without a careful review of in j come and expenditure for the tax I year. That is the big job right now, j and'that is why I say that income tax 'drive is'already under way. Every I where the pencil is busy. The old year i is done;- all its fruits are gleaned, and i every person who fared well or earn | er a good competence must analyze i his own case in cold figures. ? ^ , ! . "When the new bill is enacted into ! law, I will have the proper return j forms distributed throughout the dis I trict, and everybody will be informed j of the date .when the sworn return ! must be filed. It-is my plan to send j my men .out.to central locations and j to have' thorn- travel through the die i trict, aiding taxpayers in the prepara tion of "the returns and in deciding idoutbful points. We will go right to I the people with the income tax and j with the cooperation which the pub ! lie can give the g overnment, the re i turns will' be filed by everybody who ; comes under the law's provisions, the ji right -taxes will be paid, and the dis trict will have done its full patriotic duty towards the government's sup-' ] port. j "Meanwhile, let me say again, there j is no need of delaying the prepara | tion of figures. Anything that con ! gress does now will not affect the ; amount nf a person's earnings for I 1918. Let us avoid the belated throw \ ing together of figures that may hit j : or miss. Guesses can not be accept- i ! ed as the basis of taxation. It is clear- j j iy the duty of every person to com- j ; pile correct figures and ascertain j I whether his income for 19IS was suf- j ! ficicnt to make necessary a sworn re-' j turn. i "The year 191S was a banner year : j for salaries and wages, and the high j I war prices brought unusual profits to j j the overage small tradesman and to, j the farmer. The opinion in Washing- j ! ton is that a million citizens and resi-! ! dents will make this year their first j j income tax returns. : "A'l ?igns indicate that the income j tax this year will reach nearly every'. , working man and woman and nearly j every merchant, shopkeeper and j j farmer. Not all will have to pay the j ! tax. but nearly all will be obliged to j make a sworn statement of the year's : ' income. ! "I am therefore advising every un : married person who earned a $1,000: or over during the year 191S, and eV cry married person, who together with j wife or husband, earned $2,000, to. I sharpen his pencil and figure out how: j he stands. ! "He must ascertain accurately his; 'gross income from a'.i sources. There's, i.is salary or wag*s, including over-: time pay and any bonus received as; 'additional compensation. A married person having children under IS who ' are working should include the earn-' ings of such children. "If he sold any property at a profit the gain must be computed and in cluded in gross income If he rented i any property to other persons, tin- to tal rents received in the year must be ascertained, and from that figure aj deduction may be taken for taxes paid j on rented property, the necessary! minor repairs, fire insurance, any in- ? terest he may have paid on mortgage and a reasonable allowance for annual 1 wear and tear of the rented property. I i m?'t *t be thy Country3*. Thy Goal DAY, JANUARY 29, 11 IVEN BACK OLSHEVIKI verse for Allied Forces ir the Archangel Sector of Russia. ENFORCEMENTS ARE ( WITHIN EASY REACE [The American Troops SurTei Loss of Ten Killed and Seven teen Wounded. Washington, Jan. 25.?The retire I ment of the allied forces holding ad |vahced positions in the Archangel sec j:tcr before superior forces, of th< ?Bolshevik: is reported in a dispatcl jdated January 25, General March an jacunced today. \ He said the inter-allied command |er at Archangel had adequate troop: Ho reinforce the advanced element: ]and handle the situation. I The message reported America: Tosses in one of the actions r.t Us Penda as ten killed seventeen wound Jed and eleven missing. Geh; March pointed out that th< whole military situation at Archange is under the control of the inter-allie< high command in France. j Amsterdam, Jan. 24.?The body o I Rosa Luxemburg, the Spartacai Header who was killed by the mob ' was found yesterday in the Land Lwehr can?.'., according to a Berlin re ;-port. The balance is included in gross in come for the year. ' ?'Interest on bank deposits, wheth er withdrawn or added to his banl balances, must be included in all cal *culntion? of income. Bond interes received during the year must also b ;neluded, except interest on munici pal county or State bonds. Interes j ?n T'nited States bonds need not b ? included by the ordinary bond hold ! er who purchased small amounts I Holders of large amounts of Libert: j bonds, :however,- should a6k thei jankers to write to my office for th j rule applying to tax on such inter .'eat. "Dividends on stock shares are in ! come, and must be included in th' j gross figures, although the law doe i not impose the normal tax on distri ! buttons made by. domestic corpora j tions. j "A person buying and selling mer i chandise must find his profits for tin ' year on the following basis: First j ascertain the gross sales or total casl j receipts. Then add together the in j ventory at the beginning of the yea: ; and the purchases of goods-for re J s?le. From this latter sum subtrac j the inventory of goods ort hand at th< i year's end, and the result is'the cos I of goods sold. This cost, plus neces j sary expense incurred solely through j conduct cf the business, is to be de j ducted from the gross sales, and th( [ result is the net earnings of the bus > in ess. . "A- professional man arrives at his professional income by ascertaining j the total of fees for services and de i ducting therefrom all expenses con j nected directly and solely with hi? I practice. ? > "A farmer must figure up all in Teome derived from the sale or ex j cha.nge of products during the year, j whether such produce was raised on j the farm, or purchased and resold, j He is allowed to deduct from this to i tal his expenses of the year connected i with the planting, cultivation, har j vesting marketing of the crops, or the i care, feeding and marketing of live I stock. He is not allowed to deduct [the amount expended in 1918 in pur i chasing- stock for resale; but when j such stock is sold its cost is to be de ducted from sale price in ascertaining the gain to be included in his re turn of income. The cost price of stock bought prior to 1917 can not be deducted as in the case just cited, if such cost was included in the deduc tion made in the year of purchase. "The farmer 5s not required to in clude in his income tax computation the value of farm produce consumed by himself and famiry. But in cases where he exchanges produce for mer chandise, groceries, etc.. the market value of the articles received in ex change must be included. "All other items of income arising during the year through personal service, business or trade, through use of property or money, should be added to the gains for 1918. ?'Everybody wants to know what income is exempt from tax. Very few plums that fall to the average man may be legally disregarded in fig uring up his ISIS income. Gifts and beQuests can he eliminated; also pro ceeds of life insurance received by the beneticiary of an insured person. A person who cashed in an endow ment policy need report as income only that portion which exceeds the total cf the premiums he paid in all years on that policy. Annunities are not taxable, unless the person re ceived in the year payments which represent, when added to all prior payn-ents on the annunity. an amount greater than the original cost of the annuity. Dividends of unexpired life insurance policies are not taxable in C'ome; but dividends on paid up poli cies must be considered income. Ali mony is not income to the recipient, nor is it an allowable deduction on the part of the person who pays. axa Truste'?.* THE TKUI )19. % WARNING SENT ALL NATIONS (Holding Territory By Force Will I Prejudice Claims at Peace j , Congress. ! I "?~~??? I HIGH COMMISSION ON j DEMOBILIZATION FORMED i -r i - ? I Disposition of German Colonies j Taken up for Discussion by Peace Council and Military I Commanders ? I Paris, Jan. 24 (By the Associated -j Press).?A series of international - events of the highest order took form i \ today at meetings of the council of i! the great powers and the military - j commanders on all the fronts. These ! may he summed up as follows: ? j First: The issuance of a solemn ? { warning to the world that the pos 3 j session of territory gained by force )wil! seriously prejudice the claims of l j those who use such means and set up t j sovereignty by coercion. This decla - j ration was framed by President Wil-. } son. ij Second: The appointment of a 1 i commission of the highest military I authority, including the British min ister of war, Marshal Poch, General ?Diaz and Gen. Tasker H. Bliss to car ry forward early demobilization and . established proportionate allied and associated forces on the Western front. 'j Third: Discussion of territorial j claims on conquered German colonies " I with hearings of interests to Austral . j ia, N'ew. Zealand and Southern Africa ! :>n German East Africa and the Ger " j man island groups of the Pacific i Fourth: Approval of the council of " the striking of a medal for all troops : I taking part in the war. -{ Fifth: Authorization to M. Pin t'chnn the French foreign secretary, to -I draft mstructions for the joint mis " [ sion which is about to proceed to Po t [ land. The foregoing embrace some of the - most difficult questions before the oeace conference and with the pro s'1 jected action for tomorrow on the r{ league of nations, indemnities, pun e ishments, labor .and international - highways goes far towards clearing the state of most of the large subjects - i before the conference. i j While the solemn warning with re 5 gard to the gaining of territory by ? [force specified no countries, it covered ? j broadly the earring elements in the j Ukraine and those around Vilna and - j Lemberg:, where bombardments have jj'occurred, and also in the Caucasus. where the new Georgian republic is i. fighting the n ; Armenia republic; .^a:so Serbian inroads on Montenegro ; as well as territorial occupation along . the eastern Adriatic, in Thrace and in : Poland. ? Some of these situations already t_ have brought protests and other pro . tests are expected so that the great [ powers decided to. enunciate the . principle that "possession by force . .places a cloud on title." The creation of a military commis sion for proportioning the troops on , the Western front brings the vigor ous figure of Winston Spencer . Churchill into the conference. The .V sentiment of the council was strongly i for demobilization with the least pos sible delay. There, is reason to be lieve also that the commission will carry out the plans already before I the war ^department in Washington for the return of American troops homeward as rapidly as transporta tion permits and that there will be no increase in the American propor tion of tnrops'm the occupied regions. I While the hearing on the German colonies confined to the British do-* minions, Japan was represented on the council and expects to be heard in due time concerning some of the German Pacific groups and Kiau j | Chow. . It is understood the British contem- j plate an important proposal by which such problems as the German colo-! nies. Mesopotamia and Palest-i ? will j be submitted to the league of nations j i in order to avoid a waste of time and ? I territorial demands incompatible with ' I the principles of the league. ? The second plenary session of the' I peace conference at 3 o'clock tomor-! ? row afternoon will have the league of j ('nations as its foremost topic. This! j will be followed by the four ques- j , tions?labor, indemnities, punish j ments and highways as previously de- j j fined. David Lloyd George, the British j j premier, will make the opening pre- j j sentation of a plan for a league of na- j j tions in a brief speech, dealing large- \ \ \y with principles and leaving the de i tai?s for the commission. | The part President Wilson will j j take in tomorrow's session of the con- i j ference has not yet been definitely j I announced. KEP. W. E. DERRICK DEAD. j Succumbs to Pneumonia at His Home . in Orongeburg. j <">?-angeburg. Jan. 24 ?Walter R. ! i Derrick, one of the most prominent \ ?ml beloved citizens of Orangeburg county, died at bis residence on Doyle street this afternoon about 4.30 j o'clock, death resulting from, pneu monia following influenza. His death j j |h"s cast a gloom over the entire.com-' munity and his passing causes a dis tinct loss. The funeral services will i take place tomorrow afternoon at Sunnys!dc Cemetery, the hour to be/ determined upon the arrival of a': brother of the deceased. ' . l; lift ? SOUTHRON, E*4abHsbtd ?Tum, Vol. XLVH? No. 48. r _ GOOD NEWS Admiral Kolchak is Steadily Strengthening Government at Omsk. ' OTHER ANTI- B?LSHEVIKi LEADERS SPPPORT HIM ! Consolidation of Forces of Con I servative Elements May JJer j ? . : store Order in Country. Osmk, Sunday, Jan. 19 (By the As sociated Press).?The Omsk goyern Iment, headed by Admiral Kolchak, fs j rapidly increasing its authority both/ 'east and west of Omsk. Last wee* i the Omsk government was advised, of ! the adherence to the authority of the j General Denikine, the leader of the Omsk forces west of the Urals, of General Krasnoff, the hetman of the ! Don Cossacks, and General Filimon j off. hetman of the Kuba > Cossaeks: j Admiral Kanine, it- is announced, ! has been appointed commander of the j Russian Black Sea fleet. He is sub ordinate to General Denikine, who I new holds sway over Odessa, the } Crimea and Sebastoppl. i It is anrounced in government j circles that the controversy with Gen eral Semenoff, the anti-Bolshevik leader in the region of Chita, is in a fair way to a settlement. Semenoff, j it is said, had accepted the appoint j ment of a commission to try charges I against him and has signified his read iness to join General Dutoff in flght j ing the Bolsheviki. It is understood [that General Semenoff has informed [Admiral Kolchak that he was the vic ', tim of misunderstanding. The charges j against Semenoff are interfering with ' the telegraph and railway lines, seiz ing money in banks and intimidating railway employees. Allied officers in Omsk continue their offices in the in ! terest of -a,settlement. M. Sayinkoff and Vladimir Bourt-* zeff. now in Paris, have . telegraphed offers of their support to Admiral Kolchak. The adherence of Savinkpff is regarded. as . adding important strength to the Omsk government. Admiral kolchak has telegraphed his thanks .to Savinkoff, declaring: "I consider your acceptance a feign of a distinct movemenfwhich is unit ing ail forces to save Russia in this critical hour." It probably would be premature and overoptimistic to declare that the Omsk government has inaugurated a settled regime and that insurrections and civil conflicts in non-Bolshevik Russia are at an end. In Omsk Russia is compared to an agitated river which will continue to be troubled until it finds a normal and peaceful level, but Russians seeking the highest interests of the country as well as foreigners who are j bn the ground studying the situation j appear to be united in considering j the Kolchat government as a sincere and vigorous movement to rehabili i t?te the nation. There is a unanimous feeling that a j powerful personality like Admiral I Kolchak is "lecessary to carry the (government over the present crisis. If he succeeds in holding and sti engther.ing his position in the next Jsix months, these observers believe he twill have formed the neucleus of an j orderly and permanent regime, what * ever political form it may eventually j assume. I The observers do not believe that j Kolchak is conspiring to restore the J monarchy, as some of his opponents charge. They look upon the Kolchak government as the only group offer ing hope of a solution. The correspondent visited the jchut rmes in Omsk during the services j every night and found them all j crowed. The cathedral was over-^ i flowing. Most of the worshippers j were men and all were standing j Quietly at prayer. j Just as along the 4.000 miles of the ! Trans-Siberian Railroad so at Omsk i the masses of the Russian people ap i parently crave only peace and order, opportunity to obtain the necessities of life and a fair measure of comfort and happiness. They say they are surfeited with suffering, war and sor row. It is hard to reconcile the gen tle, sympathetic and hospitable Rus sian encountered everywhere in this' region with the tales of ferocity com ing acros the Urals. At this critical hour of reconstruc tion the people are turning trustingly to America and the allies for help. Their leaders emphasize that if help would be effective it must be imme diate. The leaders hope for a com mon stand by the powers toward Russia and for constructive assist ance. The government officials here say there is most urgent need for the re organization of the railroads, so vital to the bringing in of food, clothing and general supplies. The ministers urge that the American railway com mission come to Omsk to consult with them concerning details. They would also like to have the American war trade board take up plans for secur ing capital for Siberian industries. SENATOR SMITH ILL. South Carolinian Confined to Room With Influenza. Washington, Jan. 24.?Senator ?v r.' c^?i, 0,.Hng is confined to his room here with influenza. Phy sicians do not consider his case se rious.