Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE HOT BED AND EARLY VEGETftBLES THE COLD FRAME SHOULD AL? WAYS ACCOMPANY THK HOTBED. _L <&L .. HOW TO CONSTRUCT ONE Plant? Should First Bo Started la Netbed Then Transplanted to the Cold Frame. Per forcing early vegetables such aa 'tomatoes, egg planto. peppers, etc., the ootbed Is Indispensable. To construct a hotbed aa eastern or southern ex? posure should be selected. The frame should be 6 feet wide and any desired length. As a rule for the fair. Ily gardsa, a hotbed 6 by 6 feet will be sufficient for rearing all young plants for the garden. It would be ttach better, however, to hare a frame ? by 11 feet. This will afford ample apace for transplanting the plants and give them mors room la order that they may properly develop. The soil la excavsted to a depth of 18 inches aad the frame built 6 feet wide and the desired length and fitted over the trench. The frame should slope to? wards the east in order to admit sun? light The bottom of the frame is tilled with fermenting stable manure. This sboold be mixed thoroughly be tore being placed la the frame and packed firmly and watered freely im? mediately afterwards In the south U laches of msnure will furnish suf? ficient beat for hotbeds; while In the north, where the weather Is more se? vere, two feet of manure Is usually ?red. On top of the manure is placed atx laches of garden soil which has been well sifted and le free from all ffeete and trash. This should be slightly packed in order to make it perfectly level. The sash of the frame are always three feet wide and six feet mag. The frame, therefore, should either be constructed three, six. aiae, or 12 fest wide. After the garden soil has been placed in the frame. It le well to cover this with one lach of finely sifted woods earth. Woods earth is used because it H always free from grass and weej eeeds which are frequently very trou? blesome when the garden soil is used. After the bed has been completed the sash ore put so piece and the frame all oared to stand for. 3 or 4 days be for* planting the seed. This is dons in carder to allow the bed to become thor? oughly warm before planting. The eeeds may then be planted, watered slightly, and the sash replaced As soon as the pleats come up the bed should be ventilated if the weather conditions are faveeable. Even when the temperature Is near freeing in the early morning. It will be warm enough before mid-day to ventilate too bod for o few hours. If the tresses are not properly ventilated, the plants wHl grow too tall and be? som e tender and will not withstand the transplatlng without being lnjur sd. When a frame Is properly con itructed it will lsst for a number of rears. Each yesr. however, fresh ma sure will have to be placed In the frame. The game hotbed may be usel for various kinds of vegetables. For Instance one may first grow cabbage and cauliflower. After these are re? moved or transplanted In the cold frame, tomatoes, egg plants snd pep? per seed msy be sown in the sam > frame. These will be ample size for transplanting by the time the weath? er conditions are favorable. Great ears should be exercised in watering the planta. If they are watered too freely during warm weather they will grow too rapidly, and If watered too freely dunsg sxceesively cold weath *r. thsy are Habel to be Injured. It Is. therefore, recommended that the plants be watered just enough to keep l taeca lb a good growing condition and not allow them to suffer. Cold Frsms.?The cold frame should always accompany the hotbed, the plants first being started in the kotbed and thea transplanted to the cold frame, and from there to the open ground whenever the weather condi? tions will permit. The cold frame differs from the hotbed in only one re? aped. It does not have the msnure a. the bottom of the bed to produce heat, otherwise the frame la constructed In sxa<tly the same way aa the hotbed Told frames are sometimes cove*>ii with heavy canvas Instead of glass. Tola Is much cheaper than the Kims and the frames are more easily harp died when covered by canvas than When covered with glass. The plant? however, will not grow off ss rapidly but this, as a rule is aa advantage la favor of the canvas covered frames The chief trouble with the amateur gardener Is that he forces his plants too rapidly. The education of the farmer upon his farm by working out problems In ths field and receiving the answer in the crib or granary Is, like all educa tiou s personal matter, snd each man mast acquire It for himself This mints to the small farm, personally s-orked, 04 best for the man, for the aad, for society, and for the State.? e?. Seaman A. Knapp. SENATOR TILLMANs ADDRESS. Ncwapopc* Comment on Announce incut ol Candidacy for He-clcvtloii to Semi e. TIm* Ijcvci* Tulk. There seems to be a possibility tha. Congressman Lever may become a senatorial candidate this year. Thai would be a misfortune. Not that Con? gressman Lever is not qualified for satisfactory senatorial service, but'be cause it would be a mistake for him to leave the house wherein by long service and hard work he has be? come a recognized leader. As chair? man of the great agricultural com? mittee of the house he has done much for this whole country and especially lor the South. If both ho and Tillman I are candidates they will draw much water from the same well, which will not help the chances 01 either. There has been talk of Leve. as a cabinet officer and it is possible thai the administration, which has no reason to love Blease, may be seek? ing to induce Lever to become a sena? torial candidate, not to be elected, but to save Till man's bacon, with a prom? ise that if his unsuccessful candidacy1 should return Tillman to the senate he will be taken care of with a cabi? net office or other good appointment. Congressman Lever has a great many friends and admirers who would like t>) see him appear in such a role but who would glad1: support him If he became a candidate really seeking his own ejection.? Oreenvllle Piedmont. As Expected. Senator Tillman has announced himself a candidate for re-election. This is a surprise to nobody. It ha been evident for quite a while that he would be. He made an appeal that the people conscript him for contin? ued service in the United States senate. There nas been no evidence of conscription. In lilt, when a candidate for a fourth term in the United States senate, he pcsltively assured the people of the State that if thc> granted his desire, he would not again be a candidate. He now makes an argument to prove that he has arigh. to break that promise. Of his legui right to break it, there can be no doubt, but how about the moral right? Did he not, In a sense, ob? tain his fourth term by false pre? tenses? In 1912 Tillman got back to the senate by a very close shave. Neithei of the candidates running against him that year was a strong man with any hold upon the people of South Carolina. Even then he only saved his bacon by an eleventh hour trick, wbereby ho secured the support o. many men who never before in their lives had voted for him. Had a strong man been running against Tillman in 1912, the outcome in all probability would have been very different. There was at least one such strong man in South Caro? lina, a man of admitted and proved capacity for public service, who had friends and supporters in all parts ol the State. There is reason to believe th it this man refrained from becom? ing a candidate in 1912 because many of hi* friends were friends ol Senator Tillman, and he, believing Tillman's promise not to again be? come a candidate, probably felt 11 wmild be hegt to wait until 1918 to; become a senatorial aspirant. Doubt- , lews his idea was that by Showlai such consideration for Tillman. In would gain the support of Tillman and his friends this year. He ought i to have known Tillman better. When Tillman made that promise ; in 1912. The Piedmont frankly ex? pressed disbelief that he would eve: cany it out. The outcome amply Justifies that disbelief. And there Is a. Republican senator, we forget his name, who has a right to another laugh at Tillman. A cou? ple of years or so ago Tillman made what purported to bo a farewell ad dress in the senate. He announced that he was serving his last term In the senate, as he would never again be a candidate for membership in that body. A Republican senator i, ( kg red. Of course he gfllohorod. He bad served in the senate hum enough not only to know Tillman. bu! the average senatoi. When he sniclt? ? i Tillman turned on him furiously and outdid i he Pisa Hoes In the temple in h.s I am holier thin thou" atti? tude In e f.-et be ggld, "1 Om no! like you fehOWS - when I say a thing i me in n and I Irre up to It." Tillman can no longer rebuke that Repubheae senator if he again snick" Ort tn< Ills Piedmont Tillman's Candidacy. Senator Tillman bas found about 0? I tthl difficulty as might have been Sg? peeled in PMra-uadlog himself thai his pati lotie di ?v is to stand foi i eck r lion, and ii?"< announcement that t; will be a eandidate again this Mummer fujhila ?!??? lettered forecast. The sen ator's ropeoentatlon of his services as well nigh indispensable to the govern i ,. nt ;it Washington, to the sailors of the nation and to the people of South Carolina in this crisis, is not entirely convincing, however, to the disinter? ested observer. Much may be conceded to the contention that length of ser? vice and familiarity with affairs at Washington constitute a real asset, but a vigorous employment of these accumulated influences i3 neces? sary to realize their value in these times or in any times. The same ar? guments Senator Tillman makes in justification of his candidacy?his loy? alty to the administration, his famil? iarity with tho departments, his prominence in congress?-would apply with equal force to, say, Representa? tive Liever, who is considering en? trance into the senatorial race himself. If it comes to a comparison of ser? vice to the administration in carry? ing- forward the war, Lever's record will quite overshadow Tillman's. Senator Tillman is doubtless right in saying that the people of South Carolina are not in the humor for un? necessary political agitation this year, but they are going to have that sort of agitation, none the less, and it is not to be believed that any man, even Senator Tillman, can keep out ' of the campaign, and be assured of reelection. ! With the senator's disa? bility there is full sympathy, but the limitation it puts upon him as a can? didate is very serious and might well j be esteemed a complete disqualifica? tion. The senator's determination to be a candidate for reelection, indeed, is most convincing proof of his dis? ability. When the whole situation is considered, it must be said that Till? man's latest undertaking bears little evidence of the sagacity or instinct which, together with his departed powers of agitation, made his re? markable political career in South Carolina.?Charleston Post. The Third Man. It is necessary for a third man to enter the race for the United States senate in order to save the State from the hazard of Bleaseism? At this time, it appears not. It might be a good opportunity for u third man to win the office for him? self by appealing to the public in a way not really warranted by the situ? ation, but wo feel sure that it is not needed that a third man enter the race to protect Senator Tillman, who is too advanced in years to go gal? livanting over the State, but is able to be in his office in Washington,! sober, sane and a power. As for the menace, why he is pass? ing. The fact that the name "Blease? ism" was discarded and that the ring grabbed the old shibboleth "Reform? er," shows that he is a goner and his party knows it. Many of them left him after his Pomaria speech of las', summer. There would be a real danger in a thud man coming out. This might cause a second race with Blease in it. and that might give him an oppor? tunity to slip in, as he did the time he defeated Featherstone for govern or. If McLeod and not Featherstcr.e had been in that second race, Blea.-;c would have, received his political death blow, South Carolina woulrl have been spared a lot of mortifica? tion, humiliation and bitterness, and the office of governor would yet be held to be a dignified and honorable position. Hlease will never go to the United s?at?s senate. Tillman can beat him without making a campaign.?Colum? bia Record. A Volunteer. After patiently waiting several monthi to be drafted for service, United States Senator lb R. Tillman has discovered that the people of ?OOth Carolina would not get to his number and accordingly has become a volunteer. Senator Tillman an? nounced this morning in a somewhat lengthy statement, that he will be 0 candidate to succeed himself. In making his Statement he explains wh? he thinks this necessary and add that he will not make any county-to county canvass of the State. We sup? pose that he will depend upon the newspapers through which to reach the public, just as he lias done in making his announcement of his can? didacy. While many of us deplore the fact that we mOSt go through with a po? litical campaign this summer, when so many more important things art making demands upon our time, there is no possibility that we can Avoid it. We would like to see the State Of South Carolina have one peaceful campaign summer. if such a thint could be possible but it is not pos stble. and since that is the case, it becomes the dutj of every good Citi? zen to carefully consider what mate? rial we have in sight for the United States senate. The selection of a sen? ator is, at this time, of greater tmpnr lance than it has been since the Civil War and a mistake made this BUni mer might easily prove to be tin most costly blunder South Carolin., ever committed. The Situation lOf'ay is that th? an' three avowed candidates in Ihe i Heidi Bfnntor Tillman, R?-Govornoi Blease and N. 13. Dial of Laurens. We are more concerned with Mr Tillman and Mr. U lease than with Mr. Dial. The situation narrows down to a question of whether or not th?? aged senator, if he remains in Wash? ington during the campaign and Mr Ulcase takes the stump In South Car? olina, will be able to be elected. Many able politicians believe that there would vbe a possibility of Mr. I dense defeating Senator Tillman ami they are therefore bringing pressure 'o bear upon Congressman A. F. Lever in an effort to have him make the race for the senate. Reports have had it that Congressman Lever would declare his candidacy this week for vhe senate, but in a statement issued in Washington yesterday he declares that he will wait to determine his duty before he makes any announce ment. If the people of South Caro ina convince Mr. Levei il at there is danger of Mr. Tillman being defeated, he will try to come to the rescue and vi 11 make the race. Mr. Lever probably knowa a great leal better than the rest of us wheth? er or not he can be elected to the senate, and he probably realizes very perfectly that there is a probability of his becoming a "statesman with 3Ut a job" in the event that he runs 'or the senate, but at the same time, if he can be convinced that it is a duty he owes to his country, we be? lieve that he will run. People who are In a position to aiow declare that Congressman Lev is as able as any man in con Tress, and we believe this to be true. They declare that he would make a qilendld senator In every sense of the vord and that he would reflect credit jpon the State of South Carolina. The question is squarely up to the people of the State as to what they want to do.?If there is a probability .hat Senator Tillman will he defeated It becomes the duty of the patriotic dtizens to inform Mr. Lever of that fact and to urge him to make the "ace for the senate. We frankly hope to see an announcement from him within the next week to the effect .hat he will run.?Spartanburg Jour? nal. > Jobs for ex-Prisoners. Between the man in the trenches 'somewhere in France' 'and the man in a Sing Sing cell there seem:* nt first little connection. Howevei, the European war has made business ex eoMent in our country. And the mu? nitions factories are eagerly taking ex-prisoners on, in company with oth? er employees by the thousands. Right there is the connection. A year ago hardly anyone seemed to want to give the released prisoner a job. A year followed of Mr. Os bom? and good times, and the great change has come. Today, the special employment secretary of the Prison Association of New York says he is able to refute the statement fre? quently made that dis-charged prison? ers are returning to crime because nobody will hire them. In July, 1916, he reported that every able-bodied man that applied during the month of June, and was willing to work and take what was found for him, was placed within a few days. Wages ran from $9 to $20 a week. One ex-prisoner writes that he is getting $18 a week as bookkeeper and general clerk, and is going to repay the expenses "defrayed in his behalf." Another of the gray brotherhood says that he has "suffered" an increase in salary, and that he is not "kicking about the Saturday afternoon holiday that has been dispensed with." Good will toward the released pris? oner is spreading. Hundreds of New York merchants were asked last win? ter to give employment to men just out of prison. A manufacturer, hav? ing taken five men, telephoned into the office, saying that the men were doing so well that he wondered if they had not given false statements as to having had a prison record for the purpose of securing positions. The surge in the prisoner's behalf is not confined to any one State. Hen? ry Ford has at least 600 released prisoners in his works nt Detroit. Mis Katharine R. Davis, chairman of the parole commission of New York City, has been organizing the relief societies of the olty into a cooperative agency for finding employment for men end women coming out of the city pris? ons. The men at Sing Sing and Aub? urn Prisons are establishing branches of the Mutual Welfare League out? side the prisons. In another State a new relief society has been organ? ized by a man formerly in prison. In Kansas the prisoners are planning cooperative bureau. Many other in? stances might be cited.- Prom "The Man Who Comes Out." by (>. F. 1/jw is, in the American Review of He views. Millennium Enough. First Limb?"Think it will evel be safe to lie down with a lion ."' Second Lamb "Goodness knows I'll be perfectly satisfied when it i safe to lie down by myself." Life. TO KRAIW ATE LYNCHINfl. Corrc8i>oiidcnt Thinks Participants in Mob Law Should tu? Disfranchised. News and Courier. To the Kditor of The News and Courier: Another lynching of ? negro in this State brings again to the fore the oft recurring question of 1 iw en? forcement. The laws of the state are now unfavorable to lynching. Under the law a person who actively partici? pates in a lynching bee commits mur? der. Frequently it is murder in its most cowardly and brutal form, for the reason that one defenseless man is- attacked by an armed mob. The poor negro does not have even a sporting chance for his life. The fact that the person lynched is considered as deserving1 death is be? side the question. It is entirely irrele? vant. In former times in thickly set? tled communities of the west vigilance committees found it necessary, n their judgment, to administer what they termed swift justice to objectionable citizens. In most of such case?, how? ever, the accused was at least given a reasonable chance to show his inno? cence. In case he failed to do so he was executed in an orderly manner. There was no mob. Only grave of? fenses received the attention of vigi? lance committees. It was not exactly lynching?; but a sort of rough and ready justice administered unrier cer? tain restrictions. The so-called lynch law of the south is entirely different. It is the fury of an irresponsible mob, often visited up? on a wretched, defenseless negro for a trivial offense, sometimes, n doubt, upon the innocent. There is nothing wrong with the law. The difficulty is with law en? forcement. Through cowardice or im? proper influences juries, with one ac? cord, refuse to convict a man accused of lynching or mob murder. This spirit of lawlessness among juriesi is so great that it is often im? possible to get a conviction in i common ordinary case of plain mur? der. Thus the spirit of lawless? ness is made to increase. No doubt there are now fewer homicides in this State than there were twenty years ago. However, the abatement of the liquor evil is more responsible for this condition than respect for the law. In fact, in murder cares, at least, mob and jury continue to have a profound and far-reaching disre? spect for the law. The statute providing that the widow or heirs at law of the person murdered by mob violence sha I have the right to sue for damages the coun? ty in which the lynching occurs has apparently had no effect in discour? aging mob violence. Among ignor? ant, prejudiced and vicious people lynching has lost none of its popu? larity. What are we going to do about it? Something should be done, ard that quickly. Many years ago dueling was a growing evil in this State. It was ef ? fectively stopped by a law providing [ that any person who participates in I a duel shall be disqualified fro n vot? ing and from holding public o lice in this State. There is no constitutional or other reason why the law should not declare that any person who take: part in. or aids or abets, a lynching shall be disfranchised. In orier to make the law effective the oath of office and the oath of the voter re? quired in primary and genera!: elec? tions should be amended so as to re? quire the officeholder and voter to swear that he has never taken par; In a lynching and was never present when one occurred. This would dis? qualify/ a great many people in South Carolina from holding office or voting. However, the statute could be so worded as to apply to the future only It will be argued that a person so lawless as to participate in mob mur? der would not hesitate to swear false? ly. Such a person would not dare to swear falsely, for the reason that his political opponent or a partisan neighbor would not hesitate *o show his disqualification for office, or chal? lenge his vote, or prosecute him foi perjury in case he swore falsely. The partisan in polities would remain si lent in a prosecution for mob mur? der. The jury would fall to convict of the heinous crime of lynching. But the partisan neighbor would rejoice to have his opponent disfranchised o: indicted for perjury. The jury might have backbone enough l > con? vict of so Inconsequental an of? fense as perjury. These conclusions would be well within the range of probabilities. The risk woubl ?e too great. The lyncher of the future would hesitate long before running the risk Of losing his rlghl to \ote or hold office. Under present condi? tions the very enormity of the of? fense of mob murder protect* him. The divided responsibility, the Improb? ability of a score or more of white people bring convicted of killing one negro all encourage the lyncher in I the belief that he will not be punish? ed. On the other band, under the pro I posed law conditions would be rc versed. The duty to vote is prized s a right and a privilege. Hankering for public office is a human frailty few have the power or courage to overcome. Most people hanker in vain, hut nearly every one of them would be willing to give up lynching rather than give up hankering. With many the right to vote, not the duty to vote, is highly valued. A man with? out this privilege is a sort of politi? cal outcast. He loses influence in the community. The average voter wish? es to continue to be regarded by his oflice-seeking friends as a possible as? set on the day of the election. He would not lightly run the risk of los? ing the right to vote. Permit me to suggest through your valued paper that the proposed law be considered and discussed. Let us work up public sentiment in its favor and when the general assembly meets January next perhaps some legislation on the subject can be pro? vided. Hunter A. Gibbes. Columbia, February 26. Meaning Me? (By Abbie Farwell Brown of The Vigilantes.) "Waste no'hing! Save, scrimp, pinch, for the common good!" Meaning pjrt Why me? You Rich Alan, who earned a lot. of money, (fah ly or not)?it is hard lines that you may not do as you please with it now, isn't it? You don't like to be told how little you ought to eat, and how much you ought to save, when you can "afford" to have what you want when you want It, do you ? But dont' you see, sir? This war s an upsetting thing. Everything'a changed. This isn't the same world we were living ;.n three years ago. We have walked nto a new problem. Money has \oi. its comparative val? ue for a bit. On crude necessities hang the hopes of nations; beef, (lour, gasoline -stuff of life and vic? tory?are growing scarcer all the time. You may be "rich;" but you've no more right to be careless of the world's food than has your poorest clerk. You and he are equally de? pendent on the issues of this war. You are in the same life boat, and rations are scarce. You must save and pull together. The "bit" you are called to do for your country may bo a bit of self-denial. Well, the brave boys are fighting for you and yours at the front You've got to hoard up the supplies at home to keep them strong and winning. We've got to send life to our suffering Allies-. The world is starving, do you see? No matter how swell a chef you have, he must not load your table with goodies. It isn't decent. Save, scrimp, pinch for the common larder, "No more joy-riding! Save the gasolene!" ^ Meaning me? Wrhy me? You poor man, who saved and scrimped and pinched to buy a mo? tor car for self and family?it's hard lines that you can't do as you please with it now! isn't it? What's been the use of respectable thrift anyhow, if you can't have the fun of it now? Fun! Don't you see, man? We're up against it, hard. It's life itself wo have to worry about; not mere com? forts or luxuries. Can't you do with? out a few joy-rides when Europe has lost all joy? The supply of gasolene is millions of gallons short of the demands of aeroplanes, ambulances, trucks, tanks and countless machines that are fighting your cause in this war. There is no gasolene at all, they say, to be had for new cars In England. Old cars are limited to about seven gallons a month. What would happen to ?elf and family if our army should run seriously short of petrol? This may be if Americans keep on with extravagant joy-riding. Death-riding it will be. Every gal? lon of gasolene counts. Save it, for victory. We used gaily to think that there 'was plenty enough of everything in the good old world,- if you had the price. Now we know better. Price is not everything, when there isn't stuff to buy. We've got to save?ev? erything. If you are not careful with what you have, America may be lost. You can't be seltish now. Meaning you, meaning every one of us! Flfty-Flfty. An Irishman who had walked a long distance, feeling very thirsty and seeing a milkman, asked the price of a quart of milk. "Three-pence," replied the milk? man. "Then give me a quart in pints." said Pat. Pat. on drinking one pint, asked. "How do we stand?" The milkman replied. "I owe ye a pint." "And I owe ye one," aaid Pat. "so I we are quits."?Punch. The government has officially des? ignated certain citizens as first class men and yet some of them are not happy .1 icksonvHIle Times Cnion.