The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, February 16, 1918, Image 3
pur um JUSTICE.
riiKsiitr.n-r si i \ks ai.ui ,
HS Rfcl'IA TO dUlMANY,
\ddnsSi tPOmgtea? Anv?rr. |{c<rm
Mcleioe?** of Austrian and t.crm ,i
ITitncvllor*. \
Washington. |-ch |1 \'Msnloat
Wtkntn addressed congress today tu
Hear the atmosphere of any confus?
ion resulting from the recent Speech?
es os pence terms hy the Oerma i
<h*nce)lor and the Austro-Hungurlan
foreign minister ami to letterate ihn
?UMd I h.tilt ii i e : . I it?rttt i 11
its rendy to surrender peace on
principles Of justius the Cnited Htat - ;
will gSSjtMSJe the light It In just be?
ginning for the safety or Itself an i
mankind.
riisSnent Wilson spoke as follows
"Oerllemen of the Congress:
On the eighth of January 1 hul
the honor of addressing you on' r
otijoctt Of the war SI our people eon*
celvs them The prime minister oi
CJrost Britain hud spoken in similar
terms on the fifth of January. To
Ptossj addresses the t;.'n i:? chuncoil*
or repMttd on the twenty-fourth and
fount, r4nnin for Austria on tin
sain*s day.
it in gratifying to have our desire
?> promptly realized thai all ex
?Hange.? of view on this great mattet
nhould he made in the hearing of al>
11 I world
"Count Cserr.ito's reply, which is dt
r< cted chlerty \o my own address of
the eighth bt January, is uttered in a
very friendly tone. He finds in my
Statement a sufficiently encouraging
?>t'proach to the views of his own gov?
ernment to Justify him in believing
that It furnishes a basis tor a more
detailed discussion of purposes by th.
two governments. He is represented
to have intimated That the views Io?
was expressing had communicated to
me beforehand and that I was aware
of them at the time he was utterlm:
them; but In this I am sure he mts>
understood i had received no inti?
mation of what he intend*
There wna, of course, no reason >\
be should communicate privately with
nie. 1 am quite content to be one ot
his puh'k audience.
? urt von HertHng's reply is. 1
must asy. very vague and very co
fusing. It is full of gSjgjlvocal phi.is
It is not clear. But It is certainly In
a very different tone from that of
Count Cssrnln. and apparently of an
opposite, purpose. It confirms. I am
?or-y say. rather than removes, th
unfortunate Impression made by what
wo hud learned of the conference a'
Ureat-Litovsk. His discussion an I
acceptance of our general nftnoipfc
lead him to no practlcil conclusion
He refuses to apply them to the gab
Stantlve Items which must constltu'
the bod> of any final settlement. H?
Is J*alou.? of International action and
of International counsel. He accept*
be says, the principle of public dip
lomacy. but be appears to Insist th -t
It be ? on ined at any rate in th.s case
to generalities and that the sever??I
particular uucMions of territory an I
sovereignty, the several questions up?
on whose settlement must dspen 1 the
acceptance of posjoe by the in State
.?ngaged In the war. must o? dis
id snd settled, not in genrru!
council, Out severally by the ggfttSJM
most Immediately concerned by in?
terests or neighborhood. He agree*
that the seas should be free, but look
askance at any limitation to that free
dorn by international action In the ir
terest of the common order. II?
would without reserve l>c glad to got
economic barriers removed bet wee.
nation and nation, for that could i:
no way Impede the ambitionn of th*
mllltaiy party with whom he IgggSJ
constrained to keep on terms. Ne:th
or does, he rulse objection to a Ilmita
tlon of armaments That matter wll
bo settifd for Itself, be thinks, by tie
economic conditions which must fol
low the war. lie will discuss with no
one hut the representatives of Uus
sla wh\t disposition shall he m i l* o
the peoples and the lands of the Bal?
tic prOvlnces; with no one hut th"
government! of France, the "condl
lions" under*.which French terrltni .
Steal be exaruatcd: ami only with
AOStrgS whit shall ?** dons with Bo
land I
"In the determination of all OSJOf
t one ?tffecflng the I'alk. n St.ites lr
defers.**" I understand him. to Aus
tibi .uyi Turhev; and with regard t?
gOS agseen.ents to be entered Into
...ncerntng 'he non-Turkish people* Ol
the present ottomm empire, to th
Turkish authorities themselves. Ar?
ier a settlement all around, effei I
In thia; fashion, by individual harh-i
and cofis esaion. he would have no oh
j jectlonr If I correctly Interpret hi
*atem<|ht. to a league of nation
which *Would undertake ?o hohl I*
new t?etnne^ of power stea?1v ngnln?t
extern*) mmt urbanee.
? It S*nnt he evident to every gg
who nafderstanda what this war has
wrought In the opinion und temper of
th#> w Slid that no general peace, no
Wo ?h lbs mtlnlte sacrifices ?<
tmsse #>ars of traslrsl snfTerlnc. enn
p 1>e arrived st In ^ sny such
1ii*hroh The method the German
? lancrlloc, proposes is the method or
t"ie, tonatess of Vienna. We ran no',
a ?<\ will not return to that. Whit
it at atake now la the peace of tn i
vor hi. What we are at riving for is
a new international order baaed upon
b oad und universal principles of
rixht and justice ?no more peace of
sareds and patchew. It is possible that
C >unt von llcrtling does not see that,
does not grasp it, is in fact living in
his thought in a world dead and gone .'
H is he utterly forgotten the reichstag
resolution* of the 19th of July, or
dees he deliberately Ignore them?
They spoke of the conditions of a
general peace, not of national aggran?
dizement or of arrangements be
tween State ami State.
"The peace of the world depends
dbon the Just settlement of each or
the several problems to which I ad?
verted In my recent address to tht
?ngress. 1. of course, do not mean
that the peace of the world depend;
ipon the acceptance of any particulai
act of suggentions as to the way In
vhlch those problems are to be dealt
vtth. I mean only that those prob
lema each and all affect the whole
world; that unless they are dealt with
in a spirit of unselllsh and unbiased
im tue. with a view to the wishes,
the natural connections, the racial as
l nations, the security and the peace
of mind of the peoples involved, n )
permanent peace will have been at?
tained. They can not be discussed
i?;iretely or In corners. None ol
l tern constitutes a private or sepa?
rate Interest from which the opinion
>" the world may be shut out. What
c er affects the peace affects man
nd. and nothing settled by military
rcree. if settled wrong, is settled at all
It will presently have to be reopen
ec.
"Is Count von Hertling not aware
that he is speaking in the court of
mankind, that all the awakened na
tlcns of the world now alt In judg
ment on what every public man, of
whatever nation, may say on the is
SJOfl or a conflict which has spread fct
'\i region of the world'.' Tin
reichstag resolutions of July them?
selves frankly accepted the decisions
of that court. There shall be no an
ne: .(turns, no contributions, no pun!
Ihm damages. Peoples arc not to be
hnnried about from one sovereignty to
another by an International confer?
ence or an understanding between ri?
vals and antagonists. National as?
pirations must be respected; pooples
may now he dominated and governe
only by their own consent. 'Felf-de"
'errdnatlon' Is not a mere phrase. 1
ii I i Imperative principle of action,
whi i statesmen will henceforth ig
I nore at their peril. We can not have
let)***] peace for the ashing, or by the
men armngswsnls of a peace con
icreme. It can not be pieced togeth?
er cut of Individual understanding
between powerful States. All the par?
ties to this war must Join In the set?
tlement of every issue anywhere in
volved in It; because what we are
seeking Is a peace that we can nil
unitfl to guarantee and maintain and
everv item of it must be submitted to
the common Judgment whether It be
rlgh and fair, an act of justice, rath
'i tl an a bargain between sovereigns
'l i e Patted States h;>s no desire to
etsrfsrs m Ruropsan affairs or to aei
is ai biter in (European territorial dis
P itet. She would disdain to take ad?
vantage of any Internal weakness o
disorder to impose her own will upon
another people She Is unite ready to
be ShoWfl tb.it the settlements shi ha
Higgcstcd are not the best or the
most sndoring. The] ars only hoi
own i rOViatonal sketch of principle,
and of the wa> in which they should
be spoiled. Bot sin entered this war
beca ttSt she \v.lS made ;, partner.
another she sroutd or not, In the suf?
ferings and indignities Inflicted by the
military musters of Germany, against
tho peace and security of mankind,
and the c onditions of penes will touch
her as nearly as they will tomb nnj
other nation t<> which is entrusted a
HJ idlni part In the maintenance- of
ctvlttaation. siu- sen not ass her wn
to pence until the causes or this war
are ren oveil, its renewal rendered as
nearly gt ma] be Impossible
This war had its rootl in the dis?
regard of the rights of small nations
ami of nationalities which lacked the
union und the force to make goo I
their claim to determine their own a!
legianet ind their own forms of politi?
cs! lire. Coroanntf must now be
ente: cd into which will render such
things impossible tor the future;
and those covenants must he backed
by the united fores of all lbs nation*
that |o\ ? justice ami are Willing to
maintain it at any cost If torltorlal
eettlcnien s ami the political rotation*
of groat populations which havs not
Ilm oig.ni/.ed power to resist are t<>
be determined by the contracts of lhn
powerful governments which COnsldet
themselves most directly alfeeted, as
fount eon HertHng proposoa why muy
not economic gnsatlons also.' it has
' ome about in the altered world in
i h ire new had onrsetres that jus
ce ;.i C he rights of people affect
? bhu o ld of international de.;?
? VH i'+tfifW Ig i' -' -y "in, ,
teriais and fair *nd equal conditions
Ol trade.
fount von Hsrtllhf wants the ei-i
?Sllital bUo? ol commercial attd In?
dustrial life to be safeguarded by
common agreement nnd guarantee,
but he can not expect that lo he con
ceded him if the other matters to be
determined by the articles of peace
rr'o not handled in the same way as
Items in Ihe dual accounting. He can
HOI SSM the benefit of common agree?
ment in the one Held without accord?
ing it in the other. I take it for
mhted that he sees that separate and
.??eltlsh compacts with regard to trade
md the essential materials of manu?
facture Would afford no foundation
for peace. Neither, he may rent as?
sured, will separate and seltish com?
pacts with regard ?o provinces and
people*.
Count Csernin rcems to sec the
fundamental elements of peace with
1 dear eyes and does not seek to ob
Iscure them. He sees that an inde
I pendent Poland, made up of all the
! indisputable Polish peoples who lie
contiguous to one another, is a matter
of European concern and must of
course be conceded; that Pelgium
must be evacuated and restored, no
mattet what sacrlllccs and concessions
that may involve; and that national
aspirations must be satisfied, even
withoi his own empire, in the com?
mon interest of Europe and mankind.
If he is silent about questions which
touch the interest and purpose of his
allies more nearly than they touch
those of Austria only, it must ol
course be because he feels constrain?
ed, I suppose, to defer to Germany
and Turkey in the circumstances
-eeing and conceding, as he does, the
essential principles involved and the
necessity of candidly applying them,
he natural'v feels that Austria can re?
spond to the purpose of peace as ex?
pressed by the Cnited States with less
ombarrassment than could Germany.
Ho would probably have gone much
farther had it not been for the em?
barrassments of Austria's alliances
and of her dependence upon Germany.
After all. the test of whether it is
possible for either government to go
any further in this comparison of
views is simple and obvious. The prin?
ciples to be applied are these:
First. That each part of the final
settlement must be based upon the es?
sential justice of .that particular case
and upon such adjustments as ore
most likely to bring a peace that will
be permanent;
Second: That peoples and prov?
inces 'are not to be bartered about
from sovereignty to sovereignty as i?
hey were mere chattels and pawns in
i game, even the great game, now
forever discredited, of the balance of
.'(?wer; but that,
Third. Kvery territorial settlement
Involved In this war must be made in
the interest of and for the benefit of
.he populations concerned, and not as
a part of any mere adjustment o?
compromise of claims amongst rival
Jtales and,
Fourth. That all well defined na?
tional aspirations shall be accorded
the utmost satisfaction that can be ac?
corded them without introducing new
or perpetuating old elements of dis
i
cord and antagonism that would be
likely in time to break the peace ol
Europe und consequently of the
world.
A general peace erected upon such
foundations can be discussed. Until
such a peace can be secured we have
no choice but to go on. So far as we
-.in judge, these principles that we re?
gard as fundamental ore already ev?
erywhere accepted as imperative ox
cept among the spokesmen of the
military and ahnexationist party in
Germany. If they have anywhere else
been rejectod, the objectors have no:
been sufhciently numerous or influ
! ential to make their voices audible.
The tragical circumstance is that this
one patty In Germany is apparently
j wili ng and able to send millions o:
men to their death to prevent what all
he v\ Ol bl now sc es to be just.
l would not be a true spokesman ol
Ihs people of the Cnited States if I did
I not say once more that we venturer
this war upon no su. I] occasion aim
lhal we can never turn hack from a
course stfossn upon principle, Our re?
soureei ore In pan mobilised now. an.;
we shall not paUSS until they aie mob
lllsed In their entirety. Our srmiei
;m' PsPloJy going to the Ugh tin i
? font, and w.ii go ,no,, and more rap
Idly, Our whole strength will be put
into this war of emsnelpatton eman?
cipation from the threat and attempt*
u.astvry ?f ?HuMh K,.onps n|- .,?,?
ruler* whatevei the difficulties
and present partial delays. We arc
Indomltabls in out power ol independ
ent action ami can in no clrcum
stances consent to live in a world SOI
erned by Intrigue ami force We be
lievo that our own desire for a new
international Order,undoi which rea
son and JUStlCS ami Ihr common in
I crests of mankind shall prsvsll Is tin
desire of enlightened men everywhere
Without Ihai new order tin world will
be WlthOIlt pekoe and human htv will
||ICl( tolerable conditions of e\|stei.
and development. Having set our
hand to the talk of achieving it, we
shall not turn hack.
1 hope that It is not necessary tor
me to add that no word of what I
have said is intended Of a threat. That
is net the temper of our people. 1
have spoken thus only that the whole
world may know the true spirit ot
America?that men everywhere may
know that our passion for justice and
for .self government is no mere pas?
sion of words but a passion which,
once set in action, must be satisfied.
The power of the United States i*
a menance to no nation or people. It
will never he used in aggression or
for the aggrandizement of any selfish
interest of our own. It springs out
of freedom and is for the service of
freedom.
ACSTltALIAX LAW PASSED.
Taken from Table In Senate and
Amended.
Columbia, Feb. in.?The Australian
ballot system for the cities and tOWM
of South Carolina has been enacted
into law by the general assembly. Tht
measure was apparently lost Friday
night in the senate when it was ta?
bled. Yesterday the measure was call?
ed back and amended In several par
ticulars.
As amended the act will not apply
to the rural voting precincts. The act
is not to Interfere with the system
already established by Charleston. It
is provided that the canvass of the
vote be open to the public.
The adoption of the Australian bal?
lot system is considered one of the
most important pieces of legislation
at the present session. The measurr
was fathered in the senate by Senatoi
Nicholson of Edgefleld.
The senate last night killed all sec
ond reading bills.
SMITH AMENDMENT AD1>EI>.
Provides for Nitrates to Formers at
Cost.
Washington, Feb. 11.?By unani?
mous vote the senate committee or
agriculture has approved the amend
ment of Senator E. D. Smith of Soutl
Carolina to the agricultural appro
priatlon bill making a revolving funt
of $10,000,000 wherewith the govern
ment wdll purchase nitrates for sah
to the farmers at cost.
Cadetshlp at Annapolis.
? i
Washington. Feb. 9.?I beg to no
tify all parties interested that then
will be a competitive examination ti
till a cadetship at Annapolis, am
three alternates, on the nth of March
This vacancy exists by reason of tin
Act of December, 11)17.
Two or three weeks ago an exami
nation was held in Columbia to 111
this vacancy by Supt. Swearingen am
Prof. Bruce Coleman. I have decld
?d I would pay no attention to thlt
examination, but will hold another
. eeause Mr. lilackman, the principal
who won the cadetship, is too old am
therefore ineligible to enter. The law
specillcally requires:
"All candidates are required to b?
citizens of the United States and
must, at the time of their examinatior
for admission, be between the ages ol
16 and 20 years. A candidate ll
eligible for examination on the day he
becomes 1? and is ineligible on thf
day he becomes 20 years of age."
Mr. Illaekmon having been born or
'he 18th of July, 1897, was 20 yean
dd last July.
Mr. Black, the fust alternate, hat
notified me that he lias found his eye*
defective.
If the other two alternates, W. T
Duncan. Jr.. and A. J. McDavid, art
qualified they can win the cadetlht|
after another examination just an wcl
as they won the alternates in the las;
one. My anxiety that there shall be
no vacancy, which South CniOlina
ought to be filling. Is the reason I an.
taking this extra trouble, and I hope
the papers Of the State generally wil
publish this notice so BS to give it
wide circulation.
It would save me a great deal ot
trouble?and the hoys some heart
burning?if each candidate in the*
competitive examinations Would ha\a
himself looked over by a competent
physician or surgeon, so as to find out.
whether it is worth his while to com?
pete or not.
Mr. Swearingin will supply any
young man interested With all the nec
rosary information in regard to thtr
examination, or he can write direct to
me here i win say that alternate*
who win at these competitive exami*
rations should report when orderet'
lO Stand the examinations at the
; cademies whether they win or not.
for frequently i? happens that tin
principal fails; and 1 have known tin
Lad alternate, and sometimes the third
t.' get the appointment.
I have never considered these ftp
polntments to VVest Point and Anna
polls as patronage, but regarded them
;.s- belonging to the state ami myself
PS only the vehicle through whieh the
boys re.eive the authority to report
to the academies.
11. K. Tllhnnn.
KXDLKSS CHAIN IIOG CLUBS. i ition. The sow pfc* secured frcrw
lM" distribution of sows are dlstribut
Rock Hill Hank Adopts Plan for IUna - ed among the^ boys of the county, each
lit ol Vork County f armers. boy agreeing to return to the bam.
Rock Hill. Feb. 13.- In view of tho|iwo four ??<>nths old pigs In payment
interest being aroused throughout the for hl" P-* These pigs are in turn
South In the raising of pure bred distributed to other boys and on and
hots, the plan recently adopted by the on until tho ent?re country is atock
Ptopls's National Dank of this city is Tho registered boar will be at
of general Interest I nder this plan thi BWvtC? of an members of th?
already several score of rcgistcrc 1 jrU,h- Already quite . number of thy
brood sows have been placed on farms |,irst who ?*ured these brood s-ows
in this community and several dozen'have f,ne litters of ?oms of
more have been ordered. The plan is " hicn win soon be 01 1 to b?'
one whereby every farmer who so de- ?*? ^,acin^ ir\tne en,l,w? cha!n *lub
sires can stock his farm with pure ftmc*? tne boys Scc,es of banks in
bred hogs at no cost, except the feed- thta and adjoining St tes. have writ
Ing and care of the sows. |,en fof- information regarding the
The plan is for each farmer to n,an- V
take a registered brood sow, either a - ' "
Duroc Jersey or Berkshire. When th?> Rome. Feb. 12.?Th. Austrians yes
i
nrst litter of pigs is four months, old : terday renewed their attacks on the
two sow pigs are returned to :he ] northern front, west of the Brenta
bonk. When the second litter is* fout \ river, but were held in check by the
months old two sow pigs are return- Italians. The Austriar columns were
ed to the bank. The sow is then the j torn to pieces bf the Italian fire and
property of the farmer without cost, j the attacks stopped.
If the sow dies meantime .the bank !
sustains the loss. The bank maintains) Washington, Feb. 12.?President
a registered boar for breeding pur- Wilson today nominated Thomas W.
poses. The second phase of the plan Page, of Virginia, to be a member of
is known as the endless chain propo-|the United States Tariff Board.
\
All Bearer Bonds subscribed through 01
are here except those of denominations
of $50.00. The $30.03 Bonds will prol
ably be here within the next 30 days.
Those subscribing Bonds of $100.00 or
more, wiil please call for them as soon
as possible.
We will keep these Bonds in our vault a
for safe-keeping for anyone that may
desire us to.
J. P. Booth.
President.
W. J. Crowson Jr.
Cashier.
A
-TNI Um
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We appreciate your business and *re
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serve you.
CG. ROWLAND.
President.
F. E. HINNANT.
Cas er.
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