The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, February 06, 1918, Image 8

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m IT HAND. THIS CRITICAL HTAGK Ok? THE < IRK AT WAR COMI\<. rrotn I^esklont lo PMHH Cnttrd stau s l?etbcn .1 m Illhiul? That This Yt ir'M Achie\o wm Deckle stitAimh* for! World Freedom. .-? r?U reahs? W* ere as a i Washington, Jan. 31.?In a men to the nalton'a farmers deliver? ed today to an agricultural conference a| Urbana, 111., President Wilson said fco thought statesmen on both sides of the watsr realised that the culmina? ting crude of the war had corno ami tfcis year's achievements would decide rt. The message, which the president m tended to preeent personally until attacked by a cold several days ugo WOO delivered by I'realdent Jumes of the Vetversity of Illinois. Recounting the uggreealons of Germany, the pres? ident said 'We are fighting therefore as truly ?or the liberty and self government 0| the t'nlted States as if the war of *ur own revolution had to be fought y?#r again; and every man in every boeineea In the Cnlted States must know by this time that this whole fu? rore fortune lie* in the balance. "Our national life and our whole future development will pass under lbs sinister influences of foreign con? trol If we do not win. We must win, therefore, and we shall win. I need not ask to pledge your lives and fortunes with those of the 3*t of the nation to the accomplish ent of this great end." The president recalled that farmers tyred the first shots at Lexington that Ott aflame the American Revolution ft* liberty and expressed the hope and belief that American farmers now will wtlltnglv and conspicuously stand by W win this war. Me said the farmers did not went themselves exempted f*Om military service as- a class but that the attention of the war depart? ment was centered upon the task ol Jltrfering with farm labor as h'tle i nenetble and he believed that In the r)t*t draft the farmers would And tfceir labor much leea seriously drawn upon than In the first. The president's message said in ?art: "I need not tell you, for I am sure as keenly as I do that nation in the presence of b great task which demands su ?remevsaertrice and endeavor of every cud of vs. We can give everything ihalt is needed with the greater willing? uses, and s>?n entisft.ctlon. because tad object of the war In which we are engaged is the greatest that free men hat** ever undertaken. It is to pre? vent the life of the world from be? ing determined and the fortunes of met everywhere affected by small grotpo of military masters who see It their own interest and the selflsh dom? inion throughout the world of the irnments they unhappily for the tent control. You will not need convinced that it was necessary Us as a free people to take part in war. * ? ? The rulers of Oermany sought to exerciee their power in a way as to shut off our economic so far as our Intercourse with Ku rdd* wae concerned, and to confine Our people within the Western hemls btfeere while they accomplished pur eeoea which would have permaneiitly iteired and impeded every process Our national life and have put the inee of America at the mercy of imperial government of Oermuny. no threat. It had become reality. Their hand of violence been laid upon our own people stod our own property In flagrant vio? lation not only or Justice but or well rtcognlsed and long stundlng conve? nt Ms of International law and treaty We are fighting, as If the war of our Own revolution therefore, as truly for the liberty and self-government of the United fltutes had to be fought MM n; and every man in everv l.usi ness In the Cnite I -' ite.s must know by this time that his whole future lies in the balance Our notional life ..ml our whole economic development will pass under the siniwter Influences of foreign control if we do not win. We must win. therefore, and we shall win. f need not ask yon to pledge \our Ihres and fortunes with those of the rest of the nation to the o.ompllsh mtnt of that great end "You will realise, as I think states men on both sidew of the sjatei real lie, that the culminating < li? the struggle has come and that the Achievement* of thin year on tie side or the other must determine Mi I lean*. It hns turned out tli.it Ilm lorees that fight for freedom * * * de pend upon n* in an tatrnordlnnr] imi ngexpected degree for sustenance, t.? the supply of the materials by which mtn are to live n I to tight, and r will be our glory when the war Is over that we have |applied those ma tertals and supplied them anundnntK and '*t will be all th* more glory be? tagte In supplying them we ha\? made our supreme effort and sacri? fice. in the Bold of agriculture we have THE GERMAN STRIKE. GEJtMAN ACTHORITIKS THY TO UBEITIII IMPORTANCE. Demonstrations In Many Places Cans cd by Scarcity of I\kx1 and Anger at Profiteering. I -on.I-.Ii. Jan. 31.?The broad fea? tures of the news filtering in today fron? Berlin are first that the srike movement undoubtedly is* extending and second, that the Herman authori? ties are endeavoring to minimize its importance. Thus far there has been no news regarding the decision of Minister of the Interior Wallaraf at his confer? ence with (Jeneral von Stein, com I mander of the home forces, as to what attitude the government will adopt. Beaters" Amsterdam correspondent says In n telegram dated Thursday that strikes obviously represent the situation in the least sombre light. The German semi-official news agency says he trouble is stationary and that no disturbances' occurred during Wednesday, that police intervention was needless and that work was part? ly resumed, in several manufacturing sections of Greater Berlin but that in other parts preparations were sus? pended. ( In the upper Silesian Indus trial region, according to the news agency, the strike has gained virtual? ly no ground and in the region of the Iron and steel districts of Rheinland and Westphalia news also is reas? suring. In Spandua work is in full swing in mo*?t of the government ? J work mops. A dispatch to tho Associated Press from Stockholm says the German strikes are largely due to scarcity of (food, quoting the Svenska Pagbladet'j Berlin corespondent. Thltf correspond? ent asserts the people are indignant over the exportation of flour to Aus? tria and also over profiteering and the Illegal procuring of foodstufls which flourishes despite the utmost efforts of the authorities. The strikes in Hamburg and Kiel have resolved themselves Into hunger demonstrations. The extent of the food profiteering in Berlin alone is Il? lustrated by a report in the Berliner Tageblat that fines Imposed in the Moabit criminal court in one day ex? ceeded 100,000 marks. According to a Berlin report receiv? ed through Copenhagen. Socialist leaders from all over CJerinany have been summoned to Berlin for a dis? cussion of impotrant home and for? eign political questions. Among the Items of news received today are that tho strike has spread to Munich, Ba? varia, where the big Mauser arma? ment works are involved, and that some of the printing works engaged in the newspaper trade in Berlin have struck. agencies und instrumentalities, for? tunately, Kuch us no othor govern? ment in the world cun show. The de? partment of agriculture is undoubted? ly the greatest practical and scien? tific agricultural organization in the world. ? ? ? The banking legislation of the last two or three years has given the farmers access to the great lendable capital of the country. ?* * Roth by direct purchase of nitrates und by the establishment of plants to produce nitrates the government is doing its utmost to assist in the Prob? ien? of fertilization. The department of agriculture and other agencies ure actively assisting the farmers to lo? cate, safeguurd, and wecure at cost an adequate supply of sound seed. The department had $2,500,00 available for ;his purpose now and has asked the congross for $0,000,000 more. The labor problem is one of great difficulty and some of the best agencies of the nation are addressing themselves to the task of solving it so far us it is possible to solve it "list me say that the stimulation Of the agencies I have enumerated has hern responded to by the farm Srg in splendid fashion ? ? ? I,ast spring their planting exceeded by 12, 000.mm acres the largest planting of any previous yoar, and the yields from the crees were rooord brooking olds. In the tall of HUT a wheat icroagl of 42,170.0.mi uas planted, which was 1,000,0110 larger than lor any preceding year, 1,000,000 great? er than the next largest, and 7,000,? i 00 greater than the preceding five year average, ? hit l ought to gey to you that it M '?Ol only necessary that these " hlevementS should DO repeated, but that they Should be exceeded. I will not appeal to yog to con? tinue ami renew ami Increase your strorts, i do not believe that it is nsCSSOaO '?? do SO. I believe that you will do it without a,i\ word or appeal from me, bOCaUSS You under Stand OS Wall as | ,|0 thS heeds and oportunltles of this great hour when the fortunes of mankind everywhere seem about to be determined and when America has the greats f op portunit) she has seer had to trunks nood her own freedom and in mill ing it good to lend a bolplni hand to FORDS FOR SEA SERVICE. ? j POWERFUL SUBMARINE EIGHT BRfl BEING BVWt. secretary Daniels says contracts for "So vorn I Scores" <>f Im proved Craft Are Placed. Washington, Jan. 81,?Now subma? rine fighters of a powerful type are about to be turned out in the United States in large numbers. After testi? fying today before the house naval committee on the naval appropriation bill Secretary Daniels authorized the statement that contracts for "several scores" of the new craft have been placi d with the Ford Motor Company of Detroit. He described them as half way between a des-troycr and subma? rine chaser. U00 feet long and equip? ped with latest discoveries for com? bating submarines. All parts of ships except the en? gines are to be fabricated in Detroit and tho parts shipped to seaboard, where they will be assembled. Changeb in the Ford plant to permit the han? dling of the work have progressed so swiftly, Mr. Daniels said, that the de? liveries during the coming summer are assured. The now vessels are expected to prove far superior to the chasers now in use. They will have steam power with a greater radius of action, will be more seaworthy and will be able to carry heavier armament. It has developed that the latest German sub? marines are equipped with guns Which outrange those of small chas? ers and even some merchant ships-. Henry Ford, president and princi? pal owner of tho Ford Company, re? cently placed before Secretary Dan? iels plans showing the practicability of converting a large part of his fac? tory into a ship fabricating plant. Naval constructors had evolved the latest submarine chaser and Rear Ad? miral David W. Taylor, with two as? sistants, was sent to inspect the Ford plant. After the officers had made their report the contracts- were plac? ed. Possibility that additional contracts might bo given other automobile .firms was suggested by Mr. Daniels. In connection with Mr. Daniele' re? newed recommendation for a large Increase :n both temporary and per? manent enlistment personnel of tho navy, it was learned today that the department plans extensive enlarge? ment of several existing training sta? tions. Plana already have been ap? proved for enlarging the Pelham Ra> (N. Y.) and Norfolk tVa.) stations. Five thousand men now are at Pel ham Ray and 16,000 at Norfolk. 'Secretary Daniels said the navy now has 95,000 men under instruction and. with the recommended increase, will have men enough to supply crews not only for the entire naval construc? tion program as now contemplated. : but also for the hundreds of mer? chant ship? which are to be placed under hia supervision. HOMES TOR AMERICANS. English Will Open Homes to Soldier - on I'm lough. Liverpool, Jan. 30.?The Liverpool Rotary Club has started a schema for the opening up of British homes to American soldiers fighting In France, when they get a brief respite front the trenches. Several homes have al? ready announced their willingness to ?accept one or two men and it is pro ? posed to send particulars of the !scheme to all British and Irish Clubs. I inviting their cooperation. Virginia's Governor Inaugurated. Bichmond. Feb. 1.?Westmoreland Davis was inaugurated governor of Virginia today, succeeding Henry C. Stuart. Benjamin F. Buchanan was [inaugurated lieutenant governor. I London, Feb. 2.? Berlin dispatches j detailing an alleged Anglo-American i plot to foment revolutions In the four I Central powers have been published I by tho Cologne papers, according to an Exchange Telegraph dispatch from Amsterdam, it is said that in Wash? ington on New Years day two hun [dred and fifty million marks were 1 subscribed for this purpose. ^^^^^?^^^^^^^^^^^^B men struggling lor their freedom ev ' Orywhere, You remember that It was farmers from whom came the first > shop at Lexington, that set aflame j tin? revolution thai made America free. I hope and bollOVS that tin farmers of America will willingly and COnsplCUOUSly stand by to win this war als.? The toil, the Intelligence, the energy, the foresight, the self crlflce und devotion of the farmers Of America will. 1 believe, bring to a triumphant conclusion this great last war lor the emancipation of men from I be control of arbitrary govern? ment and the selfishness of class leg" Islatlon and control, ami then, when i bo end has come, we may look each 'oile r in the fttCO and be glad th.it W?' nre Americans and have had the jo Ivliege to piny such a pui t. STAKED ALL ON U-BOAT. GERMAN Si DC RKT DOCUMENT* l)ISC IX)SK PLANS AND HOPE OF PEACE. Amsterdam Newspaper Publisher Records from Gorman Archives That Tell Why Unrestricted War fare Was Ordered?It Was the Las; Dewpei ate LfTort to Defeat England. Amsterdam, Feb. 1.?The Handels blad today published a series of docu? ments obtained secretly from German archives showing the steps which le( to the adoption by Germany of hei unrestricted submarine campaign a year ago, The following is a sum? mary of the documents: At the close of 191C the German ad miralty prepared a memorandum tr show that Unrestricted LT-boat war? fare would compel Greet Britain tc sue for peace wijb'.n six months. The Iwording of the memorandum indicate* I that the admiralty already had decid j ed to adopt this intensified warfare [but desired to convince the emperor,! j the imperial chancellor and the for-I Sign otlice of the certainty of the good results on ecomonic and genera' ground! rather than merely on mili? tary grounds. Accordingly the memorandum based its arguments on statistics o food prices, freight and insurance rates In Great Britain. It pointed the effect which even the restricted sub? marine warfare had shown on prlcer o:' the essential commodities, on the balance Of trade and on the morale o' the English people. The memorandum first was submit? ted to Dr. von Beth mann H oil weg. the imperial chancellor, and then to Dr. Karl Helferich, vice chancellor. I The latter objected to it on the ground that it was impossible to set a limit on England's slaying power and the absence of authentic estimates of her 't stock on hand also because he fear? ed the action which would result from neutrals, especially the United States. The authors of the memorandum then sent a reply in which they point? ed out the gravity of the internal sit? uation in Germany and assured Dr Helferlch that a desperate remedy was necessary. They reinforced their argument as to the seriousness of the internal state of affairs by calling in nine experts representing German finance, commerce, mining and agri? culture. These experts Inc luded Wald mar Muller, president of the Dresden Bank; Dr. Balomonsohn, director oi the Discont Gesselschaft: Paul lleusch,, Prussian councillor of com? merce; Dr. Sprlngorum, an iron and railway magnate; Max Schinkel, pres? ident of the Hamburg Norddeutsche Dank, and Herr Zuckschwerdt, coun? cillor of commerce of Magdeburg. As experts these men were invited I to reply to three questions: First, what would be the effect on England of an unrestricted submarine war; second, what would be the effect, on Germany's- relations with the United States and other neutrals, and, third, to what extent did the internal con? dition of Germany demand the use of this drastic weapon. All the experts agreed on the first point that England would have to sue j for peace In six months at most. Herr Muller said England's supply of food was smaller than In peace times and therefore n ruthless- u*boat warfare would probably accomplish the pur? pose in three months. Dr. Balomonsohn asserted Eng? land's position was very vlunerab'.e. owdng to her dependence on foreign capital and the absence of a spirit of self sacrifice among the English peo? ple. Ho therefore thought six months was an excessive estimate. Dr. Bpingerum said: "Everything depends on the cutting off of supplies from Great Britain quickly und thor? oughly." On the second question Herr Keusch said: "The neutrals despise our restricted submarine warfare. Ev? ery ship in British waters, enemy or neutral, should be torpedoed without warning. The world only respects those who in a great crisis know how tt make the most unscrupulous use of their power." On the second question Herr Mul? ler said: "Unrestricted submarine warfare will cause the wholesale flight of neu? trals from th?> war zone. Their news? papers will abuse Germany but they will soon tire. The chief danger is the United States, but that dango.' will be less in proportion as Germany operates decisively and ruthlessly. Hitter feeling In the United states ai - ter the war Is not worth considering because if Germany succeeds she can dietate terms to assure favored treat? ment for herself. If on the other hand Germany throws away this on portunity the passive approval of the United States will be of small prac? tical value." Mr. Balomonsohn said on the sec? ond point as follows: "1 recognize the possibility of war with the United states, hut I am loath to throw away so desirable n weapon on that ac? count As l banker- 1 realize how dis BREAD LICENSE EXTENDED. REGULATIONS WILL NOW COVER HOTELS, RESTAURANTS AND CLUBS. Consumers of Hour to Extent of Three Hurrels Each Month Includ? ed in Now Dreier Instead of l imit of Ten Previously in Effect. Washington. Jan. 31.?Licensing egulations as applied to bakers- were extended by President Wilson in a proclamation tonight to take in ho lels, restaurants and clubs which do heir own baking, to include thousands )f small bakers heretofore exempt, and to cover the manufacture of bread of every kind, including cake, crackers, biscuits, pastry and other bakery products. At the same time the president put under license all importers andT dis? tributers of green coffee to prevent inoculative prices in the coffee mar? ket. All licenses must be obtained by February 4, when the new reflations become effective. Bakers already un ler licenses are those whe use not lees than ten barrels of flour a month. Hereafter the limit will be placed at chree barrels. A new set of baking regulations, is? sued by the food administration to accompany the proclamation limits the amount of flour bakers* may pur? chase and makes changes in the quan? tity of ingredients other than flou used in bread manufacture. Bilkers of bread and rolls will he limited in their wheat flour purchases to 80 per cent, of their requirements up to July 31, and bakers of othe:* products, including crackers, biscuits cookies, cakes, plea, friend cakes pas? try and sweet yeast dough*:, to 70 per cent for the same period. After February 3 bakers of breads and rolls must use 5 per cent. of wheta hour substitutes and th-! amount must be increased until they are using 20 per cent. February 24. An increase in the amount of sugar permitted in bread manufacture is al? lowed and the present bread formula is changed to permit the use of mili: in any form and quantity provided that bread containing milk is not sold at a higher rate than that containing none. In view of the sugar shortage bakers are urged not to increase their consumption of cane and l>ett sugars. Bakers of bread and rolls are per? mitted to apply the name victory bread to their product whe a it con? tains a 20 per cent, subpt'tition for wheat flour and bakers of other products may use the name when one-third of contents consist of wheat flour substitutes. Vicoiry bread and other victory products may he sold on ihe two wheat less days. A statement given out with the new regulations points out that the food admtntsration will impose no restrictions on the amount :>f wheat flour substitutes a baker may use and all bakers are urged to employ as much substitution as possible. Bakers of products other than bread md rolls, although their pur? chases of wheat flour will be reduced to 80 per cent, of their requ rements. will be required to cut their sales and food administration officials look for them to keep the.r output up to nor j mal by a use of the substitute Hours. The list of wheat flour substitutes that may be used by bakers as listed In the new regulations, aro bran, shorts and middlings, cornflour, corn meal, edible cornstarch, hominy, corn grits, barley flour, rolled oats, oatmeal, rice, rice flour, hi ckwheat flour, potato flour, railo flours and similar flours and meals, bean meal, peanut meal, casava, tearo and banana flours. Bread made of graham or whol? wheat flour will be regarded is bread with sul>stitutc flours. Abington, Mass., Fob, 2.?John L. Sullivan, former heavy weight cham? pion boxer oi the United States died at his home here today l'rom heart trouble. He arose this morning in good spirits and had planned a visit to Boston. Washington. Feb. 2.?Ma.. Gen. Peyton March is slated to become acting chief of staff, if Gen. Pershlng can spare him from his present du? ties as chief Of artillery of the ex? peditionary force. No reply has yet been received from Gen. Pershing. ??????????????!??? astrous American entry into the war will be." Although the experts differed as to the prospect Of war with the United states, none of them advised against the u-boat war on that account. On the third question all the experts agreed that the internal situa ion de? manded a drastic remedy Herr Zuckschewert said: 'The most dras? tic measures are advisable, owing to the feeling of the nation. The nation will stand by the government, but not if it yields to threats from America. Such weakness world lend to serious consequences." SPAIN SAUSING TROUBLE. INTEBFFFING WITH SHIPMENTS OF GOODS TO FKAXCE. Sonny Ships n American Purls Detain? ed?Unit? 1 States and Cobelligcr onts Can Place Stop on Order ou Food Shipments. Washington, Jan. :tl.?Quick retal? iatory measures were forecast here tonight as to the answer of the Unit? ed States and the allies to Spain's in? terference -th the shipment of goods across her frontier to France. In fact certain Spt.uish ships now in Ameri? can ports ready to sail are being held up pending a clearing of the situation, although the war trade board in a formal statement tonight denied that vessels um;?r the Spanish flag gen? erally were being kept in port. The Ann dean government is par? ticularly concerned in the situation because of orders placed in Spain by General Pt shing for supplies for the American army. It holds, too, the j chief weapon to force a lifting of an embargo placed by Spain, since Spain draws heavi y on the United States for foodstuffs- , The war trade board, which issues export licev >es and licenses for bunk? er coal, in its statement said: "It is not correct that Spanish ships I are being pmerally held up by means of refusing bunkers or otherwise. It is expected further clearances will be granted. Each case is dealt with on its own facts, and in a few cases bunker licenses have been withheld." No comment other than this state? ment was 10 be had officially at the war trade board offices concerning the Spanish situation. Allied officials have been given no end of perlexity | by Spain. Although not so situated geographic: lly as to ship supplies readily into Germany, charges have been mace that goods from Spanish Morocco have gone through the Swiss port of entry in France into Switzer? land and thence into Germany. Charges nleo have been made that the Germar spy system has used wire? less equipn ent in Spain to communi? cate with ihe central powers. A' consld' rable element in the Span? ish govern nent, it is well known, is ^ German in ts leanings and officials in Washing-on express no hesitation in intimating that this element is in a large m< sisure responsible for the present trouble. The official reason given for the blocking of General Per shing's ord'i'r is said to be that the Spanish ra?'road system has broken down and that it is impossible to hwn die goods destined for France. Through their control of bunker coal the allies are in position to stop not only th I shipment of goods to Spain from the allied countries, but from neutrrls as well. Adjustment of foreign exchange rates with Spain to remove the pre? mium which American business men are paying now in commercial trans? actions with that country is another problem waiting to be solved. Treasury department officials have been worried lately by th* failure |of the Spanish exchange rate to de? crease in spite of the fact that the balance of trade amounts to $1B?,020, 705 in Arne- ca's favor for the first 11 months of 17, the largest figures available. On November SO, tho peseta, ordinarily worth .193 cents, cost .248 in Cew York for transfer by cable to Spain, AGItlCULTT HAD BILL PASSED. Appreprintion of Twenty-seven Mil lic.i Del:a ^ Carried?IVotn Lev? er's Conmittee. Washington, Feb. 1.?The $27,000, ooo agricultural appropriation bill for the next 1 seal year was passed by the house w th an amendment offer? ed by Representative Borland of Mis? souri prescribing eight hours as the working dav for all employees of the department of agriculture. Representative Mondell of Wyom? ing made a vain attempt to add a pro? vision for ii iOOfclon of horse meat during the war. Chairman Lever of the agriculMre committee sanj the department f agriculture saw no need for thi innovation. The house refused to increase the appropriate, for tree seed distribu? tion for far lore from 1242,000 to ISsS.000 aad also rejected an amend? ment to doable the $250,000 approprla tlen for ernd cation of tuberculosis in farm animate l.-mdon. 'eh. 1.?Owing to the break between the BOlshSVial govern? ment and K >umama. the revolution? ary commit* B of the Black Sea fleet resolved to ?enftaento the moans of transport bei ngtng to Ron man la, ac? cording to an Exchange Telegraph dispatch from Petrograd. About forty steamship* and several warships have been seized In the Black Sea harbors. London, Feb. I.? News has reach? ed Kiev from Minsk that the Polish legion has declared war against the Bolshevtkl, ? Beuter dispatch from Petrograd says.