The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, December 08, 1917, Image 2
people and they have a light to know
whether their purpose Is ours. They
diSlft peace and tie overcoming of
evil, by the defeat once for all of the
ntnlstrr forces that Interrupt peace
and render it Impossible, and they
wish to know how closely eur thought
runs with theirs and what action we
propose. They are Impatient with
those who desire peace by any sort
of compromise?deeply and Indig?
nantly Impatient?but they will be
equally Impatient with us if we do
not make It plain to them what our
objectives are and what we are
planning for In seeking to make con
quest of peace by arms.
I believe that I speak for them
when I say two things: First, that
thin Intolerable thing of which the
masters of Germany have shown us
the ugly face of this menace of com?
bined intrigue and force which w?,
now see so clearly as the German,
pewer. a thing without conscience or
honor or capacity for convenante I
peace, must be crushed and. If It be
not utterly brought to an end, at leas',
shut out from the friendly Inter?
course, of the nations; and, second.
i
that when this thing and its power are
Indeed defeated .and the time com?3
that we can discuss peace?when th ?
German people have spokesmen whose
word we can believe and when thos~
spokesmen are ready in the name of
their people to accept the common
Judgment of the nations as to whAt
eball henceforth be the Vases of law
and of covenant for the life of tin
world?we shad be willing and glad
to pay the full price for peace, and
pay It ungrudgingly. We know what
that price will be. It will be full.
Impartial Justice?Justice dorfe at ev?
ery point and to every nation that
the final settlement must affect, our
? i I
enemies as well as our friends.
' You catch, with me. tlte voices of
humanity that are in the air. Thev
grow dally more audible, more ar
tleulate. more persuasive, and they
come from the hearts of men every
where They Insist that the war shall
not end In vindicative action of any
I
kind; that no nation or people shall
be robbed or punished because the ir?
responsible rulers of a single coun?
try have themselves done deep and
abominable wrong. It is thin thought
that has been expressed in the for?
mula. 'No annexations, no contrilut
tlonn. no punitive Indemnities' Just
because this crude formula expresses
the Instinctive Judgment as to righ'.
of plain men everywhere it has been
mode diligent use of by the manters
of German intrigue to lead the poo
pie of ltussin astray?and the peo?
ple of every other country their
agents could reach, in order that a
premature peace might l?c brought
about before autocracy has been
taught Its Anal ami convincing loooon,
mhI tue pOOPle of the world put In
Control Of then- own destinies.
"Hut the fact that a wrong us-e has
b? en made of a Just idea is no reason
why a t ight use should not be made
of it. It ought to be brought under
the patronage of its real friends. Ix?t
it be said again that autocracy must)
tirst be shown the utter futility of its
clnlms to power or leadership in the
modern world. It is impossible to ap?
ply any Mandard of justice so long
as such forces are unchecked and un?
defeated as the present masters of
Germany command. Not until that has
been ?Ion? can right be set up as
arbiter and peace maker among the
nations. But when that has been
done?as. God willing, it assuredly
will be?we shall at last be free to
do an unprecedented thing, and this
is the time to avow our purpose to do
It. We shall be free to base pence on
generosity and justice, to the exclu?
sion of all sclllsh claims to advantage
even on the part of the victors.
"Lot there be no misunderstanding.
Our present and immediate task is to
win the war. and nothing shall turn
us aside from it until it is accom?
plished. Livery power and resourc
we possess, whether of men, of money
or of mntorlals. Is being devoted and
will continue to be devoted to that
purpose until it is achieved. Thooe
who desire to bring peace about be?
fore that purpose is achieved I coun?
sel to carry their advice elsewhere.
We will not entertain it. We shall
regard the war as- won only when the
German people say to us, through
properly accredited representatives
that they are ready to agree to a
settlement based upon justice and the
reparation of the wrongs their rulers
have done. They have done a wrong
tO Belgium which must be repaired.
They have established a power over
other lands and people than their
own?over the great empire of Aus?
tria-Hungary, over hitherto free Bal?
kan states, over Turkey, and within
Asia?which must be relinquished.
"Germany's success by skill, by In?
dustry, by knowledge, by enterprise
we did not grudge or oppose, but ad?
mired tather. She had built up for
herself a real empire of trade and in- !
fluence, secured by the peace of the
world. We were content to abide the
rivalries of manufacture, science and
cormneree that were involved for us
1
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If bor success and stand or fall ^ aen
j WS bad or did not have the brains |
j nod the initiative to surpass her. But j
it tho moment when she had con?
spicuously won her triumphs of-peace
, sh*? threw them away, to establish In
j their stead what the world will no
[longer permit to be established, mili?
tary and political domination by arms,
by which to oust where she could not
I excel the rivals she most feared and
I hated. The peace we make must
I remedy that wrong. It must deliver
I the once fair lands and happy peoples
! of Belgium and Northern France i
j from the Prussian conquest anddlhel
Prussian menace, but it must also j
deliver the people of Austria-Hun?
gary, the peoples of the Balkans and
the peoples of Turkey alike in Eu?
rope and in Asia, from the impudent
and alien domination of the Prussian
military and commerical autocracy.
"We owe it, however, to ourselves
to say that we do not wish in any
W*y to impair or to rearrange the
Austro-Hungarlan empire. It is no
affair of ours- what they do with their
own life, either industrially or politi?
cally. We do not purpose or desire to
dictate to them in any way. We only
desire to see that their affairs are
'left in their own hands, in all matters,
g*eat or small. We shall hope to se?
cure for the peoples of the Balkan
peninsula and for the people of the
Turkish empire the right and oppor?
tunity to make their own lives safe,
their own fortunes secure against op?
pression or injustice and from the
dictation of foreign courts or parties.
"And our attitude and purpose with
regard to Germany herself arc of a
like kind. Wo intend no wrong
against the German erpplro, no inter-'
ference with her internal affairs. We,
should deem either the one or the
other absolutely unjustifiable, abso?
lutely contrary to the principles we
have professed to live by and to hold
most sacked throughout our life as a
nation.
"The people of Germany are being
told by the men whom they now per?
mit to deceive them and to act as
their masters that they are fighting
for the very life and existence of their
empire, a war of desperate t*df-de?
fense against deliberate aggression.
Nothing could he more grossly or
wantonly false, and we must seek by
j the utmost openness and candor as to
lour real aims to convince them of its
I i
falseness. We are, in fact, fighting
for their emancipation from fear,
along with our own?from the fear
as well as from the fact of unjust at
>aek by neighbors or rivals or schem?
ers after world empire. No one is
threatening the existence or the inde?
pendence or the peaceful enterprise
of the Gorman empire.
"The worst that can happen to the
detriment of the German people is
this, that if they should still, after
the war is over, continue to be ob-!
liged to live under ambitious and in
ftrigulng masters interested to disturb
the peace of the world, men or clasn
e? of men whom the other peoples of J
the world cannot trust, it might be Im- i
possible to admit them to the part?
nership of nations which must hence?
forth guarantee the world's peace. The
partnership must be a partnership of
peoples, not a mere partnership of
governments. It might be impos?
sible, also in such untoward circum?
stances to admit Germany to the
free economic Intercourse which must
Inevitably spring out of tho other j
partnerships of a real peace. But
there would be no aggression In that; j
and such a situation, inevitable be?
cause of distrust, would in the very,
nature of things sooner or later cure
Itself, by process which would an-j
suredly set In.
"The wrongs the very deep wrongs, j
committed in this war will havo to be
righted. That of course. But they can
not and must not be righted by the
commission of similar wrongs against
Germany and her allies. The world
will not permit the commission of
j similar wrongs as a means of repara?
tion and settlement. Statesmen must
by this time have learned that the
opinion of the world is everywhere
wide awake and fully comprehends
the Issues involved. No representa?
tive of tiny self governed nation will
lare disregard it by attempting any
such covenants of selfishness and
com prom let as were entered into at
(the congress of Vienna. The thought
iof the plain people here and every?
where throughout the world, the
people who enjoy no privilege and
J have very simple and unsophisticated
Itandeeds' of right and wrong, is the!
air all government must henceforth
breathe if they would live, it is in
,the full disclosing light of that
thought 'hat all policies must be con
reived and executed in this middax
hour of tin* world's life. German
' rulers have been able to upset the
peace <>i the world only because the
German people were not suffered un
der their tutelage to share the com
irndeshlp of the other peoples of the
World either in thou; bt or in pur
pose. The) were allowed to have no
opinion of their own which might Is
Net up as a rule of , onduet for thos
who exercised authority over them.
I but (he congress that com Indes Uli
war will feel the full strength of t!n?
tides that run now in the hearts and
consciences of free men everywhere. |
Its conclusion will run with those;
titles.
"All these thing? have heen true
from the very beginning of this stu?
pendous war; and I can not help
thinking that if they had heen made
plain at the very outset the sympa?
thy and enthuiasm of the Russian
people might have heen once for all
enlisted on the side of the allies, sus?
picion and distrust sweep away, and
ji real and lasting union of purpose
effected. Had they helieved these
things at the very moment of their
revolution and had they heen confirm?
ed In that helief since, the sad reverses
which have recently marked the pro?
gress of their affairs towards an or?
dered and stable government of free
men might have heen avoided. The
Russian people have heen poisoned
by the very same falsehoods that have
kept the German people in the dark,
and the poison has been administer?
ed by the very same hands. The only
possible antidote is the truth. It can
not be uttered too plainly or too often.
"From every point of view, there?
fore, it has seemed to be my duty to
speak these declarations of purpose,
to add these1 specific interpretations
to what I took the liberty of saying
to the senate in January. Our en?
trance into the war has not altered
our Attitude towards the settlement
that must come when it is over. When
I said In January that the nations of
the world were entitled not only to
free pathways upon the sea but also
to assured and unmolested access* to
those pathways I was thinking, and I
am thinking now, not of the smaller
and weaker nations alone, which
need our countenance and support,
but also of the great and powerful na?
tions, and of our present enemies as
well as our present associates in the
war. I was thinking, and am think?
ing now, of Austria herself, among
the rest, as well as of Servia and of
Poland. Justice and equality of rights
can be had only at a great price. We
are seeking permanent, not tempor?
ary, foundations for the peace of the
world and must seek them candidly
and fearlessly. As always, the right
will prove to be the expedient.
"What shall we do. then, to push
this great war of freedom and justice
to its righteous conclusion? We
must clear away with a thorough
hand all impediments to success and
we must make every adjustment of
law that will facilitate the,, full and
free use of our whole capacity and
force as a fighting unit.
"One very embarrassing obstacle
that stands in our way is that we are
at war with Germany but not with
her allies. I therefore very earnestly
recommend that the congress imme?
diately declare the United Ntates in a
state of war with Austria-Hungary.
Does it seem strange to you that this
should bo the conclusion of the ar?
gument I haVe just addressed to you ?
It is not. It is. in fact, the inevitable
logic of what 1 have said. Austria
Hungary is for the timo being not her
own mistress but simply the vassal of
the German government. We must
face the facts as they are and act up?
on them without sentiment in this
stern business. The government of
Austria-Hungary is not acting upon its
own initiative or in response to the
wishes and feelings of its own peo?
ples but as the instrument of another
nation*. Wo must meet its force with
our own and regard the central pow?
ers as but one. The war can he suc?
cessfully conducted in no other way.
The same logic would lend also to u
declaration of war against Turkey and
Pulgaria. They also nre the tools of
Gerntnny. Ihit they are mere tools
and do not yet stand in the direct
path of our neccanary aetion. Wo
shall go wherever the necessities of
this war carry us, hut it seems to me
that we should go only where imme?
diate atld practical eonslderatlons lead
ns and not heed any others.
"The financial and military meas?
ures which must he adopted will sug?
gest themselves as the war and its
undertakings develop, but I will take
the liberty of proposing to you cer
tain other acta of legislation which
seem to me to be needed for the sup?
port of the war and for the release of
our whole force and energy.
' It will he necessary to extend in
certain particulars the legislation of
the last session with regard to alien
enemies; and also necessary I beltevi
to create a very definite and particu?
lar control over the entrance and de?
parture of all persons Into and from
the United States.
"Legislation should he enacted de
lining as a criminal offense every wil?
ful violation of tin* presidential proc?
lamation relating to alien enemle
promulgated under Section 1067 of
the revised statutes and providing ap?
propriate punishments; nnd women
as well as nu n should i" Included an
der the tei*ms of ihr ;t> is placing re
strnlnts upon alien enemlen. it >
likely thai us lime m???'s on ntnny alien
enemies will be willing to he fed and
hOUVed III She expense id tin* y."\
lernment in the detention camps nnd
I ii will he the purpose of the loglsln
tion I have suggested to confine of?
fenders among them in penitentiaries
and other similar institutions where
they could be made to work as other
criminals do.
"Recent experience bus convinced
me that the congress must ko further
in authorising the government to set
limits to prices. The law of supply
and demand, I am sorry to say, has
been replaced by the law of unre?
strained selfishness. While we have
eliminated profiteering in several
branches of industry it still runs im-'
pudently rampant in others. The
farmers, for example, complain with
a great deal of justice that, while the
regulation of food prices restricts
their incomes, no restraints are plac?
ed upon the prices of most of the ?
things they must themselves pur- j
chase; and similar inequities obtain:
on all sides. It is imperatively nec- I
essary that the consideration of the
full use of the water power of the
country and also the consideration of j
the systematic and yet economical de- j
velopment of such of the natural re- I
sources of the country as* are still un
der the control of the federal govern- j
ment should be immediately resumed
and affirmatively and constructively j
dealt with at the earliest possible,
moment. The pressing need of such j
legislation is daily becoming more ob- j
vious.
"The legislation proposed at the last
session with regard to regulated com?
binations among our exporters, in
order to provide for our foreign trade
a more effective organization and
method of cooperation, ought by all
means to be completed at this session.
"And I beg that the members of I
I
the house of representatives will per?
mit me to express the opinion that it
will be impossible to deal in but a very
wasteful and extravagant fashion
with the enormous appropriations of
the public moneys which must con?
tinue to he made, if the war is to be
properly sustained, unless the house
will consent to return to its former
practice of initiating and preparing
all appropriation bills through a sin?
gle committee, in order that respon?
sibility may be centered, expenditures
standardized and made uniform, and
waste and duplication as much as
possible avoided.
"Additional legislation may also be?
come necessary before the present
congress adjourns In order to effect
the most efficient coordination and
operation of the railway and other
transportation systems of the coun ?
try, but to that I shall, if circum?
stances should demand, call the at?
tention of the congress upon another
occasion.
"If I have overlooked anything that
ought to be done for the more effec?
tive conduct of the war, your own
counsels will supply the omission, j
What I am perfectly clear about is
that In the present session of the i
congress our whole attention ait(l|
energy should be concentrated on the
vigorous, rapid and successful prose?
cution of the great task Of winning
the war.
"We can do this with all the great?
er zeal and enthusiasm because we
know that for us this is a war of high
principle, debased by no selfish ambi?
tion of conquest or spoliation; be?
cause we know, an i all the world
knows, that we have been forced into
it to save the very institutions we live
under from corruption and destruc?
tion. The purposes of the central
powers strike straient at the very
heart of everything we believe in;
their methods of -warfare outmge ev?
ery principle of himanity and of
knightly honor; thei- intrigue* have
corrupted very thought and spirit of
many of our people; <helr sinister and
secret diplomacy ha:- sought to take
our very territory avny from us and
disrupt the union of the States. Our
safety would be at an end, our honor
forever sullied and b ought inlo con?
tempt were we to permit their tri?
umph. They are striking at the very
existence of democra. ; and liberty.
"It is because it is for us a war of
high, disinterested purpose, in which
all the free; peoples of the world are
banded together for the vindication of
right, a war for the preservation of
our nation and of all hat it,has held
3ear of principle and of purpose, that
we feel ourselves doubly constrained
to propose for its ouioome only that
which is righteous and of irreproach?
able intention, for our foes as well a*
Tor our friends. The i ause being just
and holy, the settlement must be of
like motive and qualiv. For this we
can fight, but for nothing less noblo
or less worthy of our traditions. For
this cause we entered the war and for
this cause we will battle until the last
gun is fired.
"I have spoken plalr.'v because this
seems to me the time when it is most
necessary to srpeak plainly in order
that* all the world m:;y know thst
even in the heat and ardor of the
struggle and when our whole thought
is of carrying the wat through to its
end, we have not forgotten any Ideal
or principles for whicii the name of
America has been held in honor
among the nations and for which it
has been our glory to contend in the
great generations that went before us.
A supreme moment of history has
come. The eyes of the people have
been opened and they see. The hand*
of God Is laid upon the nations. He
will show them favor, I devoutly be?
lieve, only if they rk to the clear
heights of His own justice and mer?
cy."
TWO AVIATORS IS JTRED.
Dallas. Tex.. Dec. 5.?Two avia?
tors from the Fort Worth, 'Aviation
Camp fell at Duncanville near here
today and were seriously injured.
The hospital authorities declined to
giyp. anyJnfagnut4?n*?~ ;>>>r/? or* i
Eveiything in the Building \M
All Kinds of Feed
BOOTH & McLEOD. Inc.
EVERYTHING AT ONE PLACE|
Phonesi 10 ? 631
siinnHi?niiniiHM?nHn??niiiiirMni??hYii?ttfe
ti
The Bevok.
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The First National Bank
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CAPITAL $100,00' .00
Surplus and Profits (eatne IJfHSO/OOO
r
NEILL 0'i>0 NN ELL, President.
O. L YATES, Cashier.
The National Bank Of South Carolina
Of Stimter
Depository for the Natio al, State,
County and City Government also for
The Public.
Not the Youngest or Olrie t bot the
LARGEST ? Resources more than
$1 bOO.OOO.QO.
YOUR ?CtOUfiT - WE WAtfT IT
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Presldtn*.
F. K. HUTttlrttT
Catnler