Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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\MHt?< is wroi m?in<. wiM.in I iiMMM im or Wur Fall* to Hall Xa iimiuii BmMm \mh? i. Again Prent llovord. Washington, o,t 1??.? ReOOUffCOC of national banks notwithstanding the tovernineal's Kie.it probten of war rlo.incinat. attain hu\e CaejOOdag then I n \ lonn rec-ord of Mtrensth. Comp i!'.;:(>r Wit tin ma announced tonlabl th it total resources on September 11, the ?bU'? of the last hunk call, .\ i? II . r>41 aOM.oOo. If ? .000.000.00o of deposits should bt withdrawn from the rational bank.i or the country.?? the comptroller suhl, ?'their deposit* would be still $2??, ???.??w greater than they were at U.is time In 1013. the year before the outbreak of the European war. ? It I* alno significant that while the national hunks of the count-v have a taisted so largely In the 11 n snctns; of the first Liberty loan, in? volving to a certain eitent the with? drawal of deposit*, their deposit Ith May 1 last, before the Liberty loan was announced, show a l SkOtual ncreosc of $154,040,000 "Deposit* are f1.S7l.ono.DOo sreatci than on September 12, 1916." Total deposits are ?Iven a* |lt,? lit,gte.0*0 These figures include only national bank* and are independ ent of t tidt companies and other sim liar Institutions. < I'KKN'OJt WMrs I\sl !t \N( 1 IIOAIIO. t inmiiik .ion \ppooited to Hear Vp PMsaV ? sgsgBjMa, ? I i. H u t Meat of Orangeburg. T. H. Stuck house off antbla an.l A. Foster M^KlesIek ol < reenwod were yesterday appointed i of ib.> South Carolina Insur? ance Commission by QejSA Manning. ? ? ( oiomisMion wa* created by an art <f the last geseral assembly. Mr Doss Is ehutrman of the commission end will serve one yen \lr Stuck neues Is secretary and his term Is for two years. Mr. McKisslck, the third >l?er of the commission, \s nerv? for three years. Mr Moss w> ?> >f the governor, Mr. Stack ise was recommended by the South ? .rohoa Kating and Inspection lhl fejMI at I Mr M.-Kissuk bv RfclS Insurance Ofjaunisioner F. 11. Me Master. Mr. Moss Is an attorney Ol <>rnngel?arg. Mr. Htackhouse Is a loc.il capitalist and Mr. McKisaick is a mai? m irtiin r of Greenwood. Uss commlKsion shall not hold more than six meetings a yeai on the c Ul tin- chairman, states the act which provided for It* n. but may DC ed into extarordinary session by the chief executive at any timo. Hutles of the commission as pro * n the act are as follows: ' The mvurauee commissioner upon ??wn motion, or upon written com int. *h HI haw the power to refer ??ny rate fixed by any Individual, bu reati or insurer, to a commission of i ireo provided for in this act. for the 1 at pose of determining whether or [ r<>t sums is discriminatory. If the ?ud commission shall conclude gftcr ? ireful and diligent inquiry, and a full bearing ami investigation, that same Is discriminatory, they >hall order the ciscrlmiatlon removed and require the Individual rate maker, bureau or surer lo promulgate a rate whle!i I* not discriminatory. In the event ot tlnal determination, any overcharge i? ade by an insurer during the pon cengf of nu> h proceedings shall be immediately refunded to the person e \tuied thereto. If at any timo It sfta?'l appear to the commission here? in prowled for that rat.* provided for! Ore insurance in this State are excee-1 stve or unreasonable, In that the rv ?ultM of the business of stock tire in-1 surunee companies in the State dur- | log the five years next preceding th > .jar In which the Investigation Is made, as Indicated by the official an-' i ual slat em tint- of the insurance com i Iseftoner. show an aggregate under? writing profit in excess of a reason it ble smount. then the said commis? sion nhhll have the power to order a general reduction in the rates which will reduce the underwriting prohts lo a reasonable amount Any reduc i on or* fid by said coy mission shall l e uppl.ed to such class or classes- of risks as the companies or rating bu? reau or bureaus may elect. In de trrnJnlSjSj the question of a reason de underwriting profit under this t the coounlsMlon. a* a protection lo pobe? holders. *hall give proper and reasonable consideration to con .4. on ai bilitU-s, both w Ithin und without this State. Any action of the said vom mission shall be subject to stimm tt) review bef >re a court of i? Iipeteiit jui l -dlctlon. without preju d.? e to either party Involved." I III M il l>l-NlKO\ /.I i l l I IN thi.' Itrotialit Down In Flanders and fSjo I orccd to I.ami. I'arls. I ?et Ja - I Mo Z.pptdln Win: i r ?u*ht down in flames, two others \ e fined to land near the Attain t t i der sUd night. Tlu \ w< re a pan ol a squadron ll>.ng OVtjf the Vosgss MCLPMti TO WIK TIIK WAR. (}'\ George .\<'c.> Art Ick* III?AdUcc to AmeilcwiisMk nnvii tho Auch of t? and ff, This is a Kiter tO the fortunate onM who. |(l ysefi from now, will i ?? enJo>ing the benefit* of what all future histories wlil 01*11 the Urea! War. You ? tlie gji l? of sweet nixteen and K'iKhtly upw: rd and th? boy? Who re >.:. ttiiigT ready to v >te> will know more about this war when you are PUSSP and middle-aged thun any one r;tn possibly know this year. Wlnm ihe dust haH cleared away and the k I SVittti of the war ran bt etH fl >m a dintanee then you will I I understand that the issues involved had to be fought out. that the tXnltil States had to take part .that the task we are now undertaking had to he ac? complished. Let us hope that each of you oan say. ? years from now. "I was young it !e time hit I knew what the war meant, and 1 befped." Not all of Ihi heroes are in the i snehsa To ! rove that hr..\ e men remain at beano, here am 1. a case hardened baohOlOCi vent uring tu }ive advice to yo?in;v women, every OOf of whom knows all about the war or. at least, abaal one young man who has march '?<t out to win the war. No need to tell them to knit They are knitting. i W hv whisper to them to beware of "sIh?ihers." The poor "efailcer*1 al? ia. ot\ baa f* it the seem of their glum eg Perhaps r.oine hints may be tabu? lated in tin- methodical style so dear to pi"i,s>;orS. BAeleney of Soldiers at the Front and la the Training Campe Depend I i>?-n (a) Physical welfare, resulting from comfortable garments and serial I le attentions, provided by young women betweon the ages of It) and du Ment.il calm, induced by the knowledge that all the girls at home will postpone definite arrangements until the soldiers come back. (ej Spiritual exaltation .encour? aged hy the occasional receipt of le - ters from young ladies between the I ges of 16 and 21. Krbni the above analysis it becomes evident that the successful prosecu? tion of the war is not dependent upon the president and cabinet, or even upon the Council of National Defense, but upon Flora and FJsie Agnes and Jessie. Don't let anyone tell you that war is strictly a business prosopsitlon. We can't win the war unless the bands play and the girls wave their handkerchiefs. Kvery selected man who starts to France must see himself as the hero of the play who isteps in l?otwecn the villain and the persecut? ed heroine and strikes the brute to Ihe earth. saying 'Take that! take that!" and then bows to the applaud? ing multitude. The French weep a little and kiss one another on each cheek and sing the '"Marseillaise" and then they are ready to capture some more trenches Repressed emotions- sometimes turn sour. Don't be ashamed to let yrur enthusiasm float publicly to the 11 ezo. fee never saw a football team ad* vuuee the tall unless it was getting an naiif age agent from the girls on the side lines. \..w for the boys. Perhaps you have heard about the w oi king Reserve. It has been carefully organized under government supervision. It his received Ihi official endorsement of Ihi president. The whole plan is working out successfully wherever il is understood. The trouble Is that some of Chi boys and some Of Ihi parents are still i llttli doubtful regarding enlistment because they don't know how much of an obligation is assumed. Here is the plan tfl a nut shell: Thousands of enlisted and selected lio n have gone to the tiaining camps. I may be that thousands more will go next year. These men are being cull ? d from factoi h-s and workshops and farms. Kvery factory and every farm must continue production if we are t< render full service to our faithful al? lies during the war. How can we Mil the places of the young men who have pane away to tight? we must r? Ijf upon the bays who are old enough and husky enough to work, but who are still too %oung for inili tl ry gen ice. Is hers Is i trumpet call for an It! boys and town boys between the l| I of Hi and 21. Prove \oui- patriotism and help your c ountry by Jumping In ami doing tin WOrM of a Soldier who has gone to the front. The liute. States Hoys' Woikn . Heserse is not being organized for lad who have la srerli for ? living. -Nearly every soldier nou sj a ring i uniform could make more money at beam ? Vou are not asked to work nOOSnSI >>u need Ibe money s<?u are eeked to work, because yuui country JlwtoU* your hell? and relies ttpofi you to chuck aside false pride and join in the team work. ^ if your big brother can dig trench? es *-ur<-|.\ you can plow corn. I (lo to the recruiting olflcer and en? list for the Boye' Working Reserve. Tben, when you are railed upon, go and make good in the job assigned to j ou and win your medal and wear ii ! and l)o proud of it. When the government began to or aanias tins voluntary service among boys, so as to meet the InsvttbsisB shortage of man-power, the skeptics and fault-finders SJOt buhy. They ?aid that hoys living in cities and towns never could be Induced to work on farms, that farmers didn't want to have the town boys around becaus they would prove to lie green or lazy or Indifferent, and the whole thing was a fool contraption, Doesn't your common sense and your knowledge of addition and sub? traction tell you that LJ we suddenly take 1,000,000 or more men right out of the productive Industries Of this country, we must either lind a million men to take their places or else go short on production? AVe we going to do as they have dona In England?dress the women and girls in men's garments and put them to cleaning the streets and mak? ing explosives and Wiping up locomo? tives in roundhouses and doing all the hard menial tasks? We musn I come lo that?not while we have on hand a whole army of young fallows between It; and Hi nearly every one of whom has gone In for some kind of ath? letic* sport ami is physically able and would be as mad as a hornet if you told him he was a mama's pet and not able to do a man's work. The boys between l'l and 21 can and will supply the shortage of man-pow? er. There will be a loud call for them in 1H18 Mid they must answer the call. What the Allies' Navies Have Done. Frank Simonds, the well known I editorial writer, and author, has writ t0H an article for Perm and Fireside. : i in which ho says: /'What so far has been the new laaaon of sea power in the greatest struggle of history? How far has that policy known as Xavalism justl lled Itself In conflict with the rival doctrine of Militarism? "Even at the present moment it i3 possible to say unqualifiedly that naval power has achieved all that was expected it could achieve. So far it has- supplied the single decisive element in the whole s.ruggle. P.rlt ish sea power?and It Is not neces? sary now to discuss the relatively mi? nor part played by the Russian, th< Italian, or even the French navlea? won tho war, as far as the water was concerned, in the flrst days of the con? flict, and without battle, and now to theas fleets have been added that of our own country. "With the declaration of war against Great Britain three years ago Germany became an Isolated nation so far as the sea was concerned save only for the Kaltlc. First of al her merchant marine was swept from the SSai or interned in neutral ports Almost with the first note of the call to arms, Hamburg and Bremen, the great German seaport cities, were paralyzed; they have been paralyze ever since." His Shoppln;;. At a soldiers' hospital In France one of the wounded Tommies sought permlslon of the matron to visit the Village nearby. The matron did not think it wise to let hfm go, so she asked him what he wanted to do la the village. "I want to get something from a shop there." he said. "Well," she returned, "I am going to the village myself this morning agd BUiy as Well get it for you. "Planes bring me a haircut and a I have."?Hosten Transcript. ah of the numerous nharltable, re? ligious, public service and similar or? ganizations that exist by keepiny themselves and their activities con stantly before the public make free use of the Daily Item as a publicity medium, without money and without price, but few of them e\. r lind the way to this office when iley have money to spend, for job printing or advertising. It if Strange that it never occurs to many of those who appreciate free ad? vertising so much that they ask that the same notice be run three or four days "and be sure to put It in a prom Ineni place where it a ill be seen" that reciprocity is the Ute of trade and [that one good turn deserves another As the hackneyed saying of the da5 I as it. we are willing to ' do our bit' to help along all won by causes, but ' the good causes should help along Ith friends, when tiny liaVC the oppor I t unity to do so. - NOW If only this political hot aii i oould be assessed wi would be gettlni i down <o brass tax, (irsenwooi i Journal. A l.ittlr Talk on the Unman Eye. (By Dr. J. M. Israeison, Registered It Ik said that the value of any? thing in life is best estimated by the need for it, and on this principle we must regard eyesight as the tno;st valuable of all human senses or facul? ties. As blindness is the most woeful of afllictioiih, ho is eyesight the moeti inestimable of blesing.s, umlso con? sidered, you can not but regard your eyes as the most important part of your animal organism. This comes home to us all the more at this time when we lead of the awful destruc? tion of eyesight in those engaged in ihe present war, and when we con? sider that thousands ami thousands ! of our own young countrymen may soon be exposed to this great dan? ger we stand appalled. i As the most Invaluable of our j senses, therefore, and as the supreme I essential of a happy existence, do you give your eyes attention in proportion 'to their importance; do you protect them with a solicitude founded on a ijust realization of what their loss I would mean? Most ptople?you included, perhaps j?are extremely negligent in their re? gard to their eyes, and very culpably so in regard to children's. In fact. 'it would seem that the most delicate? ly-constituted and sensitive of all the organs of sense is the cne that gives the least anxiety. Comsider your own case. If you notice a slight deafness in one or both ears, you rush in alarm to a surgeon. If your child complains of a like falling, you attend to it with equal promptness. Yet you go on, possibly, day after day, ' feeling that you have eyes" or suf? fering from headache; you notice your boy frUWnlng with half-eloped lids at his school book; you scold your little girl for "leering so" all symptoms of falling Bight?and yet the optome? trist remains unconsulted, although it It well known that defects of vision never disappear of their own accord. This dangerous negligence of the eyes, which is specially to be deplor? ed in this age of indiscriminate reading and reckless ey entraining seem to be due partly to prejudice against the wearing of glasses, and partly to popular ignorance of the ' eye as an optical Instrument and Its; more usual defects. To indicate this' pernicious* prejudice and to tell the j public enuogh about the eye to awake | them to the necessity of greater at-1 tention to it is a duty not only of the I optometrist like myself, but of the public at large and the daily press and all instruments of human uplift. The Kye as an Optical Instrument. The eye is the most wonderful of all the organs of sense. The organs of touch, taste and smell. to perform their functions, must be placed in ac? tual contact with the substances that excite their activity; but the eye is' equally sensitive to the impressions ol light whether it comes from an ob? ject close at hand or from the im? measurably distant fixed stars. Then again, the eye is- so directly and inti? mately connected with the mind that it can he made to express the strong? est passions and most tumultous emo? tions, as well as the gentlest thoughts and most delicate sentiments. Hut it is- with the eya as an optical instrument that we and you are con? cerned. As such, it will be best un? derstood by comparing it with a cam? era, of which it is the prototype. Images of external objects are form? ed in the eye exactly as they arc formed on the focusin:: screen in a photographer's camera. The eye light passes into the eyeball through the pupil, which is limply an aper? ture in the center of the iris or col? ored portion of the eye, the sole fun? ction of the opening being admission of light, it is suggestive of popu? lar ignorance of the eye that we some? times hear the expression. "He had his pupil taken out," which is just as absurd as to say: The door had the keyhole taken out. Thus admitted through the pupil, the Course of the light rays is similar to their course in the camera. Most people arc acquainted with the con? vex lens of the camera, which can be moved in and out. so that, whatever the distance of the object, a clea: image will be thrown on the sensitive plate. This convex lens is represent ed in the eye by tint crystal? line lens, which is placed behind the pupils or aperture through which i light is admitted. This lens in the eye ' cannot be moved backward or for? ward, to regulate the throwing of a clear Image on the retina, or sens! 'jtlve screen in the back of the aye; ? but it has the faculty of Involuntarily changing the degree of its convexity, I making it more or leal, according as . i the object looked at is near or at n I distance, which serves the same pur? pose as moving the lens. The eye Is t j thus enabled to accommodate Itself i to different distances. The retina, which receives the image and corresponds to tjie sensi? tive plate of the camera, is a layer of r highly sensitive nervo tissue at th I back of the eyeball. This tissue is i really a terminal dim spreading out ol the optical nerVCi extending from tin Optometrist. > T brain to the back of the eye. This nerve is the medium of accurate in I formation as to the image formed on the former. It is consequently the brain that sees, and the eye being merely its instrument of vision. The normal eye may, consequently, be defined as an optical apparatus of such form that parallel rays of light ?that is, rays proceeding from a dis? tance of twenty feet or more ? are pre ! clsely focused on the retina without : any effort on the part of the eye, thus imprinting on this- sensitive mem? brane a sharply defined image of all i objects' from which these rays ema? nate. Very few eyes are so perfect as to fit the above definition, and in many eyes seemingly perfect t is due to the muscles of the eye that cor? rect images are formed on the retina. When the imperfection is slight, the extra muscular effort necessary may be borne without discomfort; but when the rays focus too far back or I too far in front of the retina, the muscles are unequal to the task of rectification, and Imperfect vision with painful eyestraln, is the result. Could we move the retina backward or forward, we could easily remedy such imperfections; but that can not be done, and hence it is incumbent on us to change by mechanical means the direction of the tays of light which enter the eye. This the opto mertist can accomplish with ground lenses of various kinds. Defective Kyes. Ther are three v/ays in which im? perfect eyes may deviate from nor? mal, producing the three more preva? lent defects of the eye: Mypoia, or near sight, is a conditon in which the eyeball is relatively elongated from before backward. in which caae the rays of light, instead of be? ing focused upon the retina, come to a focus before they reach t.ais mem btane. After coming to a focus, the rays cross and form a diffused cir? cle on the retina; and thus a more or less indistinct image is conveyed to the brain. To enable a nearsighted person to read the book must be held much closer to the face than it should be; and minute objects at a'distance of a few feet, which are easily seen by persons with normal eyes, are in? visible to persons who are nearsight? ed. When clear vision of small print cannot be obtained without holding the book nearer than ten inches, spec? tacles are always required and fail? ure to use them will certainly result in great injury to the sight. For this defect the optometrist prescribes con? cave glasses of the proper strength to throw the image of an object far enough back to make it focus on the retina. Shortsighted people generally should wear spectacles all the time they are awake?reading or walking, at work or at play. This defect of vision is generally hereditary, but is often produced by reading in an im? perfect light when young. Before the invention of bifocals persons who were nearsighted had to wear two pairs of spectacles?one pair for seeing at short distances, and the other for long distances. The bi focale spectacles each one has two lenses, of different focusing power, combined in one. Today one-piece bl i als can be procured w ith no visible dividing lines between the segments. Hypermetropia, or farsight, is the condition in which the eyeball is rel? atively too short, in which case the rays- of light, instead of being focus? ed on the retina, do not come to a focus until they get behind this mem? brane. Persons who are thus affict ed to a high degree cannot see ob? jects plainly, either close or distance, without the aid of convex lenses. Clear imagSS may be obtained for a time by extra muscular effort, but such extra effort always results in a sense of fa? tigue and blurred vision. Not infre? quently it causes headaches, pain in tho eyes, nervous derangement, or ' other physical ailment. The optome? trist is the only physician in such cases, as glasses, not medicine, are the radical cure for both the defec? tive vision and its physical and men 4ad manifestations. Astigmatism is the condition of the eye in which the cornea is not symmetrlcaly spherical. Instead of the projecting and visible portion of tlie eyeball having- a surface like that of a glass marble, it may resemble that of a spoon, where the curvature I in one way differs from that in anoth | er way, and the rays wdll consequent? ly meet at different, focuses. Astig I matism may occur in any eye. or oth? erwise normal eye. the nearsighted I eye. or the farsighted eye?and if not ! remedied by glasses the strain will J result In further impairment of vis? ion. The Impression prevails that human eyesight is deteriorating and this is probably ?lue to the increasing num? ber wearing glasses as an aid of vis? ion. As a matter of fact the eye? sight of civilised humanity is probahh better than ever before, because mod? ern living compels attention to defec? tive vision and the correction of same. The eyesight of every school child is now tested and the parents notified of any defects, while greater atten? tion each year Is given to the vision II of government employes, soldier*, sailors railroad men as well as fac? tory cnpolyes and wage-earning pub? lic generally. Large as the numbe ? now wearing glass"**, not half 01 th?s> who need them make use of these mechanical aids to vision. The examination of the evepigh' of the young men now drafted has revealed that fact that there are s. large number suffering from de? fects or sight who are unaware of ttu fact. This, of course, applies to the public generally and suggests the im? portance of every person who values his sight having same examined at some time or other. The fact that in large number of people the two eyes have d fferent decrees of vision also makes it important to have them ex? amined by a competent graduate op? tometrist. Undermining ihr Primary. The Blease Laders, who call themselves the "Reform" party, pro i pose a peculiar plan to get "the real expression of the will of the white voters of South Carolina." They claim tnat the ' real expression of the will of the people" cannot be obtained by letting anybody who ; pleases run or vote in the primary. jThe plan of the ' .Heform" leaders in j Columbia is to hold a convention, let the l -uders name a slate, and then line up the boys- in the backwoods and the cotton mills and have them vote for this slate. But there is a Kiiag in the way of this procedure. Vhe rules of the Democratic party now provide that no set of men can get together in a convention, caucus or factional meet ing and put out a ticket to be voted on in the primary. This rule was made to prevent elates from being i fixed up by a few leaders who want to keep others from running. The door must be wide open, and let ev? erybody run who ?leases. These Columbia law office and newspap >r office "Reformers" pro? pose to remove this snag by captur | ing the club meetings, county con? ventions and SUte convention next spring, and change the rules of the party so that candidates can be nom? inated in a conv tdion. This will do away with the real purpose of the primary. It will let a few profes? sional pditicians get together and say who are to be the candidates for conn y and State offices, United States senators, congressmen and solicitors. Of course these Columbia law of? fice and newspaper "Reformers'* will try to fool the people and make them thiik they are trying to pro? tect the primary, while really under? mining and destroying it. The sham is too transparent, however, to fool sensible people. The former secre? tary of Gov. Hie; w, who is now the Columbia correspondent of the Char? leston American, which is the lead? ing Blease-Kai sei organ in .South Carolina since Rull Moose Beard's Scimitar was suppressed, writes to his paper as follows: "The rrimary hi the child of the Reform party, but it has departed from its- childhood training, and Re? form leaders are pointing out todav that the only way to save it from to? tal destruction is to take it back into the home of its friends, purify tt and mako it a n ethod of the real express-ion of the will of the white voters of South Carolina. "With this in view a twofold plan has been outlined and practically un? animously endorsed by the rank and file of th?3 party. It is: "Organization ow and the con? trol of tie club meetings next April, the county conventions and the State conventio-i next May, by the reform? ers, the friends of the primary, who are a majority o the voters of the State, and putting out of control the minority. "A reform cor. vent ion to be hold in Columbia to ..gree upon candi? dates to be placed in the next prima? ry in order that the Reform party may present a solid front in its fight to take the State government back over into the hards of the people? a convention within the primary which has for its aim and object the redemption of the primary." Can you see through this??Pee Dee Advccate. Chile Will ay Steamers. Santiago, Oct. 18.?The Chilean governme nt is making arrangements to buy the German interned -steam? ers. Chile i evoked her neutrality decla? ration on June 2^ . The purchase of the Gern an interned ships is contem? plated by the Chilean government rather than the s- izure, it is believed, on the. basis of the international law clause, wnich hob i that s??isure is per? missible inly after a state of war has been declared. The step is identical with the purchase by t te American government of a number of Austrian Vessels that were interned in Ameri? can pores. The victory of Chicago is another Victory for the farmers, the White Box being the men with the hose. The State.