Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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I TOPE'S PEACE TERMS. as Made by Pontiff Include Return of Invaded Ter gad Colonies and Settlemsnt of Vexed Questions Ol Nationality at Conference of Nations After Hostilities End. loa ten Aug. II (By the Associat? ed Frets).?The foreign office to? night hwuod the French text of the letter from the pope to the king in nl iiotisj a copy of his appeal to the heads of the belligerent peoples. The text follows: "Tear Majesty: The Holy Father, anxious te do everything he can In trdef to put an end to the conflict which for the last three years has ravaged ft so civilised world, has de tided to tubmlt to the leaders of tho belligerent, peoples concrete peace proposals exposed In a document which I have the honor to attach to this letter. May Ood grant that words of Hta Holiness will this time produce the desired effect for the good of the whole of humanity. "The Holy flee, not having dlplo saaile relations with the French gov? ernment er with the government of Italy or the United States. I very respectfully beg your majesty to be good enough to have handed a copy of Hta Malinese' appeal to the pres? ident of the United Slates, 1 also beg to add II other copies which I re? quest your majesty to be good enough to hand lo the loaders of the nations frteadty to the allies, with the excep? tion, however, of Rossis. Belgium and Brasil, to whom the document has been eent direct. "la expressing to your majesty my sincere taaaks for this extreme kind neos I am hsppy to take the oppor? tunity te offer yon the homage or eesjtlment. a very profound respect with which I have the honor to sign myself your majesty's very humbb sad devoted servsnt. (Signed) "Oasparrl" The appeal follows: "To tho Leaders of the Belligerent Peoples: "Since the beginning of our pontifi? cate the horrors of a terrible war let looee on Europe we have in view above everything three things to pre? serve: Perfect Impartiality toward" all belligerents ss Is suitable for Him who Is the Common Fsther and who loves all His children with equal af? fection; continually to attempt to d< all the good pooslble and that with out exception of person, without dis? tinction of nationality or religion a* lo dictated to us by the universe1 law of charity which the supreme Spiritual charge has confided to u: with Christ, and. finally as our paci? fic mission also requires to omit noth? ing as long ts It was In our power which might contrlbutH to hasten thr end of this calamity by trying to lead people and their leaders to more moderate resolution to hasten a se? rene deliberation of s peace Just and durable. "Whoever hae followed our work during theo? three painful year: which have Just passed has been ab|< easily to recognlso that If we had al? ways remained faithful to our re solvs of absolute Impartiality and te our attitude of benevolence we hav? not ceased to exhort the peoples an? the belligerent brothers again to be come brethren although publicity ha not been given to all that we havt done to attain this very noble aim. Towiirds the end of the first year of the war wo addressed to the na? tions In conflict most lovely exhor? tations, snd more we. Indicated th< part to be followed to arrive at s stabls and honorable peace for all Unfortunately our appeal whs not heard and the war continued deeper atety for another two yearn with al' Its horrors. It became even mor< eruel a ad extended over the earth over the Ma and in the air and on< saw desolation and death descend up? on the cities without defense, upon peaceful villages and on their Inno? cent population, snd now one can imagine how the sufferings of al' would be increased and aggravated if other months, or worse still, othe years are about to bo added to this sangulr arv trlennlum. "Is this civilised world to be noth? ing more than a field of death? And Europe so glorious and so flourish? ing! Is it going, aa If stricken by a universal madness, to run to the abyss and lend Its hand to Its own sulclds ' "la such a terrible situation and In the presence of a mennee so serious we who have no particular political aim. w 10 do not listen to signs or to ths Interests of sny ol the belliger? ent powers, but sre tuiely compelled by a sentiment of our supreme duty ss to the Common Father of the faithful, by the solicitation of our chlldrsn who Implore our intervention snd our pacifying work. "Throuxh the voice even of hu? manity snd of reason we once more emit the cry of peaco nnd we renew a pressing appeal to those who hold' in their hands the destinies of na? tions. But in order no longer to speak in general terms as tho circum? stances had counseled us in the past wo now wish to make a more con? crete and practical proposal and to invite the governments of the bellig? erents to come to an agreement up? on the following points which seem to be a basis of a Just and durable peace), leaving to them the task of analysing and completing them. "First of all the fundamental point* must he that the material force of arms be substituted by the moral force of right from which shall arise a fair agreement by all for the sim? ultaneous and reciprocal diminution of armaments according to the rule* and guarantees to be established, lr. a measure necessary and sufficient for the maintenance of public ordei in each State. Then In the substitu? tion for armies the institution of ar bitration with Its high pacifying function, according to the rules to b laid down and tho penaltlee to be imposed on a state which would re? fuse either to submit a nation?' question to arbitration or to accep its decision. "Once the supremacy of right luv thus been established all obstacles t< the means of communication of th< peoples would disappear by aasurlw by rules to be fixed later, the tru? liberty and community of the sea? which would contribute to the nu? merous causes of conflict and would also open to all new sources of pros perlty and progress. "As to the damages to be repaired and as to the war expenses, we se< no other means of solving the quo* tlon than by submitting as a genera' principle the complete and reciproca oondonatlon which would be justified moreover by the Immense benefit V be derived from disarmament s< much so that no one will uncierstam the continuation of a similar carnag solely for reasons of an economic or der. "For certain esses there exist par? ticular reasons, and they would be ds llberated upon with justice and equity but these pacific agreements with tin Immense advantages to be derived from them are not possible without a reciprocal restitution of the territory at present occupied. "Consequently on the part of Oer many the complete evacuation of Bel? gium with the guarantee of her ful political, military and economic In dependence towards It. "The evacuation of French terri tory. On the part of other heiliger ent parties; similar restitution of th' German colonies. "As regards the territorial qucs tlons, as for example those whlci have arisen between Italy and Aus trla and between Germany and Franc there Is reason to hope that In con slderatlon of the immense advan tages of a durable peace with dls armament, the parties In conflict would wish to examine them with I conciliatory disposition, taking Intc consideration as we have said form erly the aspirations of the pcoplcf and the special interests and of the general welfare of the great human society. "Tho same spirit of equity and Justice ought to be followed hi the examination of other territorial and political questions notably those re latlve to Armenia and the Balkan states and territories making a part of the ancient kingdom of Poland whose noble and historical traditions and sufferings which It has endur? ed, especially during the present war. ought to conciliate the sympathies of nations. "Huoh are the principal bases whereupon we believe the future re? organisation of the peoples ought to tie quilt. They are of a nature to render impossible the return of sim? ilar conflicts and to prepare a solu? tion of the economic questions so Important for the future and for Ihe material well being of all belligerent states. "Therefore, in presenting to you, who direct at this hour the destinies of the belligerent nations, we are animated to see them accepted and to see thus the conclusions at an early date of the terrible struggle which more and more Appears a useless massacre. "The world recognizes that tho honor of the armies of both sides is safe. Incline your ears therefore to our prayer. Accept the fraternal in? vitation of the Divine Redeemer, the Prince of Peace. Reflect on your very grave responsibility before (Sod und before man. "On your decision depend the re TRAITORS IN THE WEST. no attempt to minimize strike danger. Quick und Vigorous Action to Be Tukcn Against i. W. W. Louden*. Washington, Aug. 16.?Grave men? ace to industries whose continuation at high speed is deemed vital to the prosecution of the war is seen by officials here in the growing activi? ties of Industrial "Workers of the World leaders on the Pacific coast and in the Far Northwest. The movement apparently is nearlng its maximum and the full scope of its powers is not minimized here. A pretontious program calling for strikes, lockouts and general disturb? ances over seven States, or about one-fourth of the area of the coun? try, has been brought to the atten ion of the department of Justico by scores of expert field investigators now in the affected territory. Swift and drastic action to check the movement in so far as it would cripple industries or curtail produc? tion of commodities necessary for war is planned by department of justice officials. In many instances, however, the department labors un? der the handicap of being unable to proceed until an overt act has been performed. ? Prosecution of strike leaders, justi? fied in the opinion of the department on charges of conspiracy or under the espionage act, is contemplated in special eases but no general prosecu? tion of the I. W. W. leaders is ex? pected. The entire movement, culminating yesterday in the declaration of James Rowan, district leader of the organi? sation, that a general strike would be called August 20 in Washington. Oregon, Montana and Idaho unless certain demands were 'implied with, is regarded by many officials as being political and not a labor movement. Instructions have been sent to field workers to determine as far as can be done whether the threatened strike is part of a program deliberate? ly designed to hamper the govern? ment in the prosecution of the war. District attorneys in the four States affected, as well as in California, Ari? zona and New Mexico, have boon in? structed to devote unceasing attention to the situation and to institute pros? ecutions promptly where justified. Officials here were much interested today in Rowan's demand for a ten hour day In the harvest fields. Any organized movement, it was said, tending to prevent or delay the har? vesting of the country's crops in any section would come clearly within the class of subjects with which the president was authorized by congress In the war resolution to deal with summarily. Another industry which has already been affected to some ex? tent by activities traceable to I. W. W. sympathizers is spruce logging in Washington. At one stage of the la? bor disturbances the government's great program of aircraft construc? tion, expected to bo menaced by the situation in this industry, has been restored more nearly to normal with? in the past few days. A third Indus? try which might be seriously affected by general I. W. W. strikes, it is said, Is copper mining" In Montana. The government Is following this ituation closely. The president's personal investiga? tor. Chief Justice Covlngton of the supreme court of the District of Co? lumbia, may visit the Northwest and the Pacific Coast to study the sltua tlon. MAJOR gen. MTVAMj succeeds gen. wood. General John ltuckmnn Will Com? mand Southern 1>cpartmciit. Washington, Aug. 18.?Major (Jen. W. p. Duvall has been appointed commander of the Southeastern de? partment, succeeding Major General Wood. Brigadier General John Ruckman will command the Southern department. No Tax on Checks or Drafts. Washington. Aug. 18.?The senate by a vote of 38 to 22 eliminated the house provision in war tax I>i 11 pro? viding one cent stamp tax on bank checks, drafts and certificates of de? posit. ?-?-r. pose and the joy of innumerable fami lies, the life of thousands of yoUM people; in a word the happiness of a people for whom it is your absolute duty to obtain their welfare. "May the Ijord inspire your de? cision In conformity to His very holy will. May (Jod grant that while meriting the applause of your eon temporaries you will also obtain In the future generations a splendid name of pacificators. "As for us closely united In prayer and In penitence with all those faith? ful souls whloh sigh for peace we implore for you the light and coun? sel of the Divine Spirit. (Signed) "BenedTet. "At the Vatican, August 1." _ < I SHAKE UP IN ARMY. DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS CALLED INTO FIELD. Gen. Leonard Wood Transferred te Command of Nutional Guard Di vision at Fort Riley, Kan. Washington. Aug. If,?Thirty-two major generals are assigned in a war department order made public to night to command the National Guard and National Army divisions of th< war armies. On the list are all the present regular department com? manders, including MaJ. Gen. Leon? ard Wood, ranking otllcer of the ser? vice, who now arc called upon for duty In the field and probably at the front in France. General Wood, commanding the Southeastern Department, is to be transferred to command the Eighty ninth Division, Camp Funston, For, ftiley, Kan. Both the National Guard majoi generals nominated Tuesday by the president?Joh i F. O'Ryan of New York and Char'es If. Clement of Pennsylvania?art placed at th heads of divisions lu their branch with some regular army brigadiers under them. The order also assigns brigadiers oC both regulars and guardsmen to command the brigades of each di? vision, and a colonel or lieutenant colonel to serve as chief of staff un? der each of the major generals. AY are directed to report not later than August 25 if practicable. Successor? to the department commanders in their present posts have not been named. In a note appended to the order, it is stated that the order of desig? nation of the division bears no rela? tion to the order in which they will go to the front. A warning Is add? ed that shifts and changes in the of? ficers personnel of the divisions an to bo expected. One change appar? ently has been made since the list was made up. Maj. Gen. Francis J. Kearnan is assigned to command the Thirty-second National Guard divis? ion whereas that officer, in an order issued yesterday, was temporarily designated as chief of the new divis? ion of embarkation of the) general staff, in charge of all transportation GEN. WOOD SURPRISED. Commander of Southeastern Deport? ment Had No Intimation of Trans? fer. Charleston, Aug. 17.?Major Gen ?Leonard Wood, United States army, commanding officer of the Southeast? ern Department, will be transferred to command of the Eighty-ninth Na? tional Guard division at Camp Funs ton, Port Riley, Kansas. H? will be accompanied there by Lieut. Col. Charles E. Kilbourne, his present chief of staff, and his per? sonal aides de camp. Capt. J. C. H. Lee, Capt. S. M. Williams and First Lieut. Russell A. Osmun. The order comes like a bolt out of the blue sky and it is evident that of? ficers of tho army arc sharply sur? prised. They have had absolutely no intimation that Gen. Wood would be relieved of his duties here. Gon. Wood came to Charleston soon after the creation of the South? eastern Department. This grand di? vision of tho army has been organis? ed under his personal supervision. He has manifested a strong interest in the choice of sites for the canton? ments. The recent order that department? al commanders would not have juris? diction over army training camps was a distinct surprise to Gen. Wood, but It did not suggest any further change in his employment. Gen. Wood was in his office on the eighth floor of the People's building last night when a reporter for the News and Courier Interviewed him on the change. He was genuinely surprised at the transfer. "My relief comes as u very great surpri.se," he said. "I am very norry Indeed to leave the South. My recep? tion here has been cordial and friend? ly beyond words. I 'have found the people keenly responsive to tho move? ment for preparedness and looked forward with great pleasure to the duties incident to training the troops in this section of the country. "I do not know who is to be the commander of this department and know nothing whatever of the plans for this department. 1 have no com? ment to make on the order. 1 shall be prepared to move to my new sta? tion when l am ordered to do so." Gen. Wood has manifested a grow? ing interest in the South. On his tours of inspection he has improved the opportunity of making strong ad? dresses urging preparedness. He has kept in personal tomb with the prom-ess of the several officers' train? ing camps In the South. He h;is fol? lowed closely the building of the can? tonments for the regular army, the National Guard and the national army, the latter to be supplied as tin result of selective conscription. At tins time it is not known who FIGHTING jjj FRANCE. GERMANS ATTEMPT TO REGAIN LOST TRENCHES FROM FRENCH AND BRIT? ISH. Bloody Battles in Narrow Limits Rc suit in Repulse of German*?Mule (.round Gained but Loss or laiv Reentry* The Germans lost no time in try? ing to regain the territory lost in the entente drive yesterday, but without permanent result. They not only at? tacked on two Belgium sectors, but made a thrust on the AJsns front and near Verdun. They gained tem? porary footholds against the British In Belgium and the French on the Aisne, but were driven out and the lines reestablished. Their efforts to regain lost ground on Steenbekcrve were completely repulsed, Paris re? ports, as were attacks near Verdun Gen. Korniloff, the Russian com? mander In chief stated that the Rus? sian morale had been greatly strengthened by recent < nergetie measures. He predicted operations on a vast scale on the 'Rumanian front. RAILROAD PRESIDENT URGES CURTAILMENT OF SERVICE. Says a Few Hours Delay is Insignifi? cant When Life of Nation is at Stake. Norfolk, Aug. 18.?Southeastern railroads arc urged to enlist the co? operation of all their employes, in? forming them of the public necessity of curtailing the service in the nat? ional interest, in a letter from W. G. Harahan, president of the Sea? board. After saying that it was nec? essary to eliminate trains ho conclud? ed by saying "How insignificant are a few hours of delay when the very Ufa of the nation is in the balance.' will leave this department in addition to den. Wood, Col. Kilbcurne, Capt. Lee, Capt. Williams and Lieut Os mun. Army otflcers here were very murh surprised last night at tl e order transferring Gen. Wood to command of a National Guard division. They were discussing the matter among themselves, though not for publica? tion. It is felt that some of the officers now attached to headquarters will be transferred, other officers of the same grade to be assigned with the now commanding officer of the de? partment. At present three major generals arc assigned to headquarters of the Southeastern Department: Major Gen. Leonard Wood, commanding of? ficer; Major Gen. John W. Ru -krnan, commandant of the South Atlantic coast artillery department, and Major Gen. Frederic D. Evans, adjutant general of the department. Officers have been speculating on the duty to be given Gen. Ruckman and Gen. Kvans, not suspecting that Gen. Wood's sphere of activities was about to be changed radically by tho War Department. Gen. Wood Is the senior officer of the line of the American army. He came to Charleston early in May from Governor's Island. Now York, where he had served a tour as com? manding officer of the Eastern De? partment, at the time by far the most important division of the army. Be? fore his detail to the Eastern Depart ment, he had served as chief of stiff, in Washington. Gen. Wood was in the medical corps of the army when he became colonel of the famous Rough Riders, a volunteer cavalry regiment, in the war with Spain. He was relieved of duty with the regiment to become military governor of Cuba. After the war 'he was accepted in fie regular army as a brigadier general and soon afterward was promoted to major general in the establishment. Gen. Wood for several years has been preaching preparedness over the country and continued his efforts at this after coming to the South? eastern Department. He was known as "the apostle of preparedness." No Officer In the American army is bet? ter known to tho people at large and Gen. Wood has become associated in the American mind with the move? ment for adequate national defense. While the despatches last ni^ht gave no intimation of the date when the transfer Will be made effective, it was repotted that Ge'n. Wood would probably be ordered to report at Fort Kiloy about August 2.*?, tomorrow Week. This would mean that the of? ficers affected by tlie new orders will have to bestir themselves in winding up the affairs here and in making ready to take over their duties at the new post. Gen. Wood had Intended lo leave last night for Washington to attend :< meeting of the Hammond Radio Poard, he said. but his plans were changed and it Is likely that he will leave Sunday for the National Capi? tal. important ALTERATIONS MADE IN AKMV INITS?FA HO ROPEAN PLAN I SKI). i'ompunv Hereafter to Consist of 250 Men and Six Officers; Division of 19,000. Washington, Aug. 10.?Complete reorganization of all branches of tho American army to conform with Eu? ropean countries, as recommended by Major General Pentling; is pro? vided for in army orders revealing that th*. recently announced divislon ei reorganization plan is to be car? ried down into the regiments and companies. The administrative unit of the in? fantry arm hereafter will be a com? pany with 250 enlisted men and gig commissioner officers, in place of something over 109 men and three officers. The company will be divided into four platnoons, each in command of a lieutenant. There will be two captains as lirst and seeond in com? mand, one first lieutenant and three sVcond lieutenants. Reports of tho review of American troops in France yesterday show that this plan already has been carried out in General Pcr shing's forces. The object of assigning two cap? tains to each company, it is under? stood, is to provide against disor? ganization of the unit through the loss of its commander. The second captain, under the European system, does not go into battle line with the company, if his senfor is present. He is held as a reserve to reorganize the company if necessary. Under the new plan each regiment will have three battalions of four companies, making a total of 3,000 men. Supplemented by the regimental headquarters, sup? ply and machine gun organizations, the strength of the new regiments will be brought up to approximately 3,600 men as against little more than 2,000 in existing war strength regi? ment*. The unit organization of the field artillery and other arms of the ser? vice has not been changed. As a result of reducing the number of regiments in a division, the di? vision instead of 23.000 men will to? tal hereafter about 19,000 men, 15, 000 of them infantry. 1 The advantages of the system in additon to the better adaptation of the divisional unit to trench warfare lies chiefly in the reduction in over? head expense. One colonel and his regimental staff, including his three battalion commanders, now will han? dle 3,600 men instead of a little more than 2,000'. Today's orders show that provis? ion has been made for organization of 32 new Infantry divisions in addi? tion to the regular divisions out of troops already called to the colors, including the first increment of 687, 000 drafted men. A system of nu? merical designations has been worked out under which any division number below 26 will be regulars; between 26 and 73 National Guard and 76 and above National Army. Regular infantry brigadt j will be numbered from 1 to 50, inclusive; National Guard from 51 to 150 and National Army from 151 up. Regulsr regi? ments will be numbered from 1 to 100, National Guard from 101 to 300 and National Army from 301 up. Assignments of brigade, regimental or other numerical designation will be in accordance with the numerical order of divisions with the result that any person familiar with the system will know that the three hundred and thirty-fifth infantry, for in? stance, is attached to the one hun? dred and sixty-seventh brigade of the eighty-fourth infantry division and that it is composed of National Army troops, while the three hun? dredth infantry regiment. by the same process would be in the one hundred and fiftieth brigade and the seventy-lift h division, composed of National Guard troops. The department approved today collar itgnla to designate the three elements of the army. Regulars will wear the standard 1*. S. mongram: National Guardsmen will wear a sim? ilar monogram with the initials N. G. superimposed ami National Army men will have the initials N. A. superimposed on the U. S. PRESIDENT PREPARES FOR AC? TION ON POOD SITCATION. Exorbitant Profits Now Doing Reaped by Dealers. Washington, Aug. 18.?President Wilson went to the food administra? tion department for a personal con? ference with Herl ert Hoover and la? ter went to the federal trade commis? sion. It is believed he discussed the roal situation and the extent to which be would assume powers of control and of distribution and the extent to which they could fix prices or operate mines and sell to the public. The trade commission has completed an Investigation which, it is reported, show exorbitant profits ate being reaped.