Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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?ATCHSf AX, RnUblUlird April, 1850. "Be f tut ud Fear not?DM ?U the end* Thon Alnu't at be thy Country's, Thy God'i ul Trat?'?." THE TRUE SOUTHRON, EttkbUsbcd Jana, I' Consolidated AttR. 2,1881. SUMTER, S. C, WEDNESDAY, JULY 11. 1917. Vol. XLIV. No. 42. ?F SPY SYSTEM. LORD HORTHOff.lKFK TF.IJX OF OPERATION OF GERMAN AGENTS. t War News Sent to Gor. by Caale ?KcNntfffl ?ml Let Through Neutral Countries? aast Alert CVvumrsl.Jp Nc?t *. Washington. July I.?I<ord North cIHTe, head of the ftrltlsh missions in thla country, today authorised publi? cation of parts of a confidential speech on spies and censorship made to the National Proas club July 4. He de? scribed the work of apiae In England and the Hood of fatal Information that pour aver the oables through neutral room trios se Qsrmany and spoke of the dangers of sny except technical military and naval censorship of the Only of- two occasions in the month. Loid Northcllffe said, had teen anything pabllshed In Amer aewspapero that might have been of value* to the enemy. The Address dlowo: "What does rot yet seem to t>e un dai steed hero, und what we did not understand at I ho beginning of the , war. la that the really deadly high ex? plosive news la not newspaper news. wmt tlM ' re sent out by spies In code to neutral countries for transmission to Oermanv "Admitted that the task of examin? ing hundred* of thousands of cabloo a day si difficult and costly, sdmltted that keen brelm* are here in abund? ance, and the outgoing cat i m ran eas? ier kw eordlnatel so that all cables addressed to th? same names abroad and oven to th< same towns abroad 10 under the ,%m of the same con-1 salt after % week. It lo by means cheeking bmik cables addressed im England to neutral countries it we have caught many of our WLM not difficult for apfc s to get ^%nerr task Is the doll very of tmW goods and or that task they con "!faw that ocenn travel has become So difficult, now ? hat the British mnll eofioor aas perfected his met beds, the enemy spy working In your midst is thrown back ontl*oly on the cable and one or two steamer routes. ' t do not know whether you have a mall censorship on letters to Spain, but 1 venture to think that If you have aot and start opunlng letters to that Country you will iret as rich a haul of Information as our s?M*ret service de? partment did out of the censoring of American letters to Rurope. "The esbls censor must be remorse? less If ha flnds constant domestic tele? grams going to ons particular place. At the risk of disturbing happy homes he must hold up or dcatroy the cables A world of meaning can mt concealed behind ths words 'Moth? er hotter' or 'Mother going to sea? shore.' Many complaints will come from business men as to detention of their eneoaages, but business men of standing can easily satisfy the cable authorities **Ws in England were loath to he? itere In the existence of an extensive German spy ay stem In our midat until a Strange happenings by land and sea proved that their spy preparations, Annly established In England years befers the wsr. were just ss efficient as all their other preparations. "The Otrmsn spies are divided Into five or six classes, working independ? ently of each other. "Thers Si the business spy, wbos^ woc\ to the authoring of Information personal and otherwise. An establish? ment called Schimmel Pfenning's opened up in England, purporting to be something like Brodatreet's or Dunn's, but really with the object of ascertaining ths capacity for maklnu guns, munitions and whatnot of every plant In England. " A oocond form of spying was or? ganised by the German consuls in Groat Britain who collected informa? tion by means of hotel waiters, bar? bers, gove nessee and domestic hit rants, to whom they paid rompun lively small soma monthly. "In naval and military tnwna tin Oorman government provided Oer .mane with capital with which to ope? and purrha.ku hotels. All thla wax eVme through the consuls. "Then thers was a terles of aple organised by the famova department Whl? h had it* bond.pi Itters In IP us sols. These were spies who moved ^ sjfcout In good social circles, plcklnr up Information. When It csme to pick In? UP Inform itlon im to lirltlah n*v rholsgv they got it all wrong, for It Has been notnrloua that, almost with out escsption. they reported to Her Um that Orsat Britain would not go ZEPPELINS RAID ENGLAND. TV* I.NTY MACHINES DROP BOMBS IN I IE AI IT OF LONDON. - Greatest Raid Yet Attempted?Ene? my Pursued by Airmen and shrap? nel. London. July 7.?One of the great? est If not the greatest, raids ever at? tempted on London by the Germans began at 9.30 this morning. The heart of the city was damn god. Twenty machines, all traveling very rapidly, | at a 'lower altitude than when so many were killed on Juno loth, ap? peared suddenly in the haze. People didn't know the raid was on until bombs boomed and anti-aircraft guns cracked. Thousands of peoplo were attracted to the streets and the po? lice had difficulty In handling the crowds. Tho Germans were pursued by British airmen end shrapnel. No report of damage or life loss has been made, hours after tho raids. THREE OF RAIDERS CAUGHT AT HE A. London, July 7.?An official state? ment ismied this afternoon says that three of the German raiders were brought down at sea. The raiders came from the north and left by the south. The glass wreckage on the street resembled that of New York suburbs after the Black Town Island explosions. The raiders tlew high un? til near their objectives and then swoojkmI at a tremendous speed, dropping bombs. Anti-aircraft gun firing was so rapid It seemed like ma? chine guns. Many people took refit :'o In tho basements. to war. They were paid a minimum of $3,000 nnd n maximum of $ll,d?0 a year, were usually enga./ed In some other kind of work. Quite a num? ber of them were women. Out of re? spect for their sex, among the spies we have shot at the tower of London the women have been exempted and I sent to long terms of imprisonment. "Kurther there wore the military and the naval spies. This kind of spying is regarded , a* legitimate among all nations. Carl Lody, whom 1 saw tried by courtmartial and who had an American passport, was hgitlmate naval spy and finally was! \ery properly ?bot. He was captur? ed owing to clumsiness on his part Among other foolishnesses he kept his code In his pocket and therefore knew at the moment he was arrested that ho was a dead man. One of the things that led to his detection was the cablo censorship. "Wo had been wnrned for years that the country was full of German spies but did not believe it. Germans were admitted to our clubs, went about among us and seemed very friendly. At the outbreak of war we found that we had been entertaining several battalions of spies.' . . . "Large organizations such as insur? ance com patties, electrical concerns and pianoforte makers who required large numbers of men to go about I tuning pianos were effective central depots for gathering information for the German government. Tho Ham? burg-American Steamship company also had Its own series of spies. . . . "I can now relate with safety, Inas? much as more than two years have passed, an Incident told me by Lord Fisher when he was at the head of our navy. He had given Instructions that eight ships should be coaled at a port which I will call Bristol. That same afternoon one of our destroyers pickod up a wireless from one enemy submarine to another making a rendezvous at this very port for the following day and naming the eight ships! The coaling order was, of course, nt once cancelled but the in? cident showed that information must have come from some ono in close touch with the government depart? ment concerned. "Compared with the leakage of news from newspapers, the dally leak SjSSj of secrets by coble Is as a Nia? gara compared with a mountain stream. I am a pretty close student of the war and have read a number of \.?ur newspapers In the last month bui on only two occasions have I seen nVything likely to be of assistance to the enemy. That does not mean that there should not be a newspaper cen? sorship. The danger of a censorship Is that It may be used to exnit In competency and to impair efficiency by hiding mismanagement. "If I may make a suggestion It is that the American people should take stories about the sinking of subina rlnes with a grain of salt. Your news pspers have sunk a very large fleet of submsrlnvs during the four weeks I SHUT ATTACK FROM AlSNE TO j CHAMPAGNE REGION. French Repulse All Attacks With Ense nnd In Verdun Section arc Hammering German Position With Artillery?Activity in Macedonia Reported. After falling disastrously in the re? cent effort to drive the French from their commanding positions on the Chcmin-de-Demas sector on the Alsne front the Germans are turning their attention to the Champagne front. Attacks were made'by the Crown Prince's troops last night west of Mont Carnlllet and southest of Tahure. iThe drives were apparently not so in? tense as those along the Alsne last week. Paris says all attacks were repuls? ed. Artillery fighting is proceeding vigorously in these and other sectors in the Champagne region. In the Verdun section French guns are busy with tho evident, intention of making the German trenches west and north of Hill 30 I untenable. Apparent? ly the Germans have none too tight a hold on the ground they seized in the rush a few days ago. London is reticent as to what Is go Ing on at the British front in France. Some activity is reported in Mace? donia, but not on a largo scale. Both the Russians and Germans to? day reported incrensed artillery lire on tho eastern front. Germans re? port it of great violence between Zborow and Brzezany in Galicla, Ar? tillery activity is also very lively far? ther north at Zwyzyn, Brody and Rmorgon. The Italians made a surprise at? tack northwest of Solo on the Carso front Wednesday nnd advanced their line. Rome reports that their gains were maintained against violent coun [t attacks. FIGHTING IN MESOPOTAMIA. Petrograd, July 6.?Tho Russians and newly organized Turkish de* tachments are battling In the BIstan region on the Perslan-Mesopotamiar frontier, it is officially announced. SHELL KILLS VISITOR. London, July I.?-Genera] Sir Wil? liam Holmes, who commanded the Fifth Australian brigade at the Dar? danelles was killed and W. A. Hoi mrin, 'premier of New South Wales, was injured by a shell during a visit to the western front. FORMER GERMAN OFFICIALS NOT WANTED IN AMERICA. Feared That They Will Send Informa? tion to Germany, Without. Actually Being Spies. Washington, July 7.?All Germans formerly connected with the embassy or consulates are requested to leave the Pnlted States. They are not charged with being spies, but It is in? ferred that they will find difficulty in remaining without sending ir.lorma i tion to Germany. have been here. Every gunner who fired at a periscope and can see no periscope nfter the splash of the shells thinks he has sunk a submarine I will give i little Instructive and per pectly true story on this point. A cer? tain man-of-war reported it had fired on a German submarine and sunk it. An English submarine which was in exactly the same location on the same day reported it had been fired on by u German battleship and had dived and escaped it. "I have no idea of the preparations your government has made for the censorship of pictures. A picture may easily disclose dangerous informa? tion. The Germans have a system ofi enlarging newspaper photographs to see |f they can Und any valuable in? formal ion. "As to the censorship In gene,til, If Instructions are given to newspaper people they themselves are the best censors. Trained news gatherers ami presenters of news are much more In? telligent than the kind of man who usually drifts into censor offices. Neither military nor naval men care for the task of censorship. They want to be nt the front or at sea. Judging by my own colleagues in England, I belteVC that American newspaper men should be very largely trusted to do the censorship themselves, provided of eOUrSC that Gen. Pershlng has a sys? tem such as has been adopted by Sir Bought Half;, who while allowing the utmost freedom of correspondents sees tl 'ii the dispatches are read and ex? amined hy competent members of Ins staff." ACCUSES LAHOR UNIONS OF IN? CITING FAST ST. LOUIS RIOTS. Takes Advantage of Moss Meeting in Honor of Russian .Mission to At? tack Samuel Gompers Mm D?? nounee I^ibor Unions. Now York, July C.?Denial by Sam-J uel Gompers, president of the Amcri co~? Federation of Labor, that trades uidons had had any share in the East St. Ixmis riots, which was met by a vobement denunciation by Theodor? Roosevelt of the murder of helpless negroes, prv-eipitated a tumultuous demonstration at a mass meeting held in Carnegie hall here tonight in honor of the Russian mission to the United States. Mr. Roosevelt was interrupted by Mr. Gompers who rose from his seat and approached the former president. I "Why donf you accuse after an In , vestigation?" the labor leader de? manded. With these words he returned to his seat. Col. Roosevelt strode over to his chair and exclaimed: "Mr. Gompers, why don't I accuse afterwards? I'll answer now when murder is to be answered." With that the colonel brought down on Mr. Gompers' shoulder his open left hand which he had raised above his head. At this juncture many of the men on the platform leaped to their feet and there was a storm of hisses, cheers and "boos" from all parts of the house. When Mr. Roosevelt could make himself heard above the din, he went on: "I will go to any extreme to bring justice to the laboring man, but when there is murder I will put him down." When the former president had finished Mr. Gompers, evidenty deep? ly stirred, started to rise to make rejoinder, but was pushed back into his seat by those who sat near him. while Mayor Mitchel, who presided, pounded vigorously with bis gavel in I an effort to restore order. Several minutes elapsed before it was possible to introduce Roris Hakhmeticff, the Russian ambassador, and continue tho meeting. As the excitement sub? sided Mr. Roosevelt and Mr. Gompers found themselves sitting side by side. it WAS at the close of an address by Mr. Gompers that the colonel was recognized by Mayor Mitchel. Mr. Gompers had declared that many lab? oring men are in much the same posi? tion as Russians under the old regime, and bad read a telegram he had re? ceived tonight from the president of the Federation of Labor of Illinois. This message purported to explain the origin of the East St. Louis riots. It .asserted that instead of labor unions being responsible for them they re? sulted from employers' enticing ne? groes from tho South to the city "to break the back of labor." "There should be no apology for the Infamous brutalities committed on tho colored people of East St. Louis," de? clared Col. Roosevelt in beginning his vigorous denunciation of the riofs. "Justice is not a mere phrase. It has to he translated into action. How can we praise Russia for doing jus? tice to all people when we must apologize for doing murder to the helpless? "I will do anything for the laboring man except that which is wrong and that I won't do for him or for any one else. I care not a snap of my finger for a telegram from the head of the labor unions of Illinois. Let there he the fullest investigation in these mur? ders." It was at this point that the inter? ruption came from Mr. Gompers. Mr. Roosevelt already bad departed a lit? tle earlier in the evening from the text of his formal speech of welcome to the Russians to refer to the riots. "Before I greet the envoys of the new republic," he had said, "I wish to say a word to you in regard to some? thing that has recently occurred in? side our own boundaries. "Before we speak of justice to oth? ers It behooves us to do justice within our own boundaries, I refer to the race riot in Rail St. Louis, a race riot for Which, so far as we can see. there Was no provocation and which result? ed In .such appalling brutality as to leave a stain on the American name. 'It behooves us to express our con? demnation of nets that give the lie to our words within the limits of our own country. It is our duty to de mand that ths government authori? ties shall tine with ruthless severity SVSry power at their command to pun* Ish those guilty of murder whether committed by whites sgmlnsl blacks or whether by blacks against whites. "it is our duty to insist on the HEAVY ARTILLERY IT RE LEVEL? ING ALL OBSTACLES. Pinsle In ITnnios and Tlic Eleventh Army Advancing in Gallcla Stead? ily. The Russians have surprised the world by directing a heavy attack in the Pinsk region, a hundred and seventy-five miles north of their re? cent efforts in Galicia. Petrograd re? ports Pinsk In flames and the Russian artillery "leveling all obstacles." Not only is the Pinsk attack continuing but the Russians report more advances in Galicia. The eleventh army is reported as having taken some first line trenches and in some instances advancing to the second line. Pinsk has been in German hands since the memorable German drive in 1915, which sent tho Russians far back on their own soil. The British have again slightly ad? vanced to the east of the Wytschaete region, in Belgium. Only artillery duels and trench raiding Is reported on the French front. restoration of order and the reign of law. Upon the foundation of law and order we must build the structure of justice." Mr. Roosevelt then welcomed the Russian commission. Asked if ho would- make a State* ment when he was leaving the hall, Col. Roosevelt said: "I meant everything I said. I Stand by it." "How about the slap on Mr. Oomp ers' shoulder?" "That was not a hard blow." the colonel replied. "It was only a gen? tle touch. I did that to emphasize my point. I have no personal grievance against Mr. Gompers." When Mr. Gompers was asked to give his side of the controversy he sa i d: "I was very much surprised and pained that Jic colonel acted as he did. He misunderstood me'. 1 tsuTtfa no apology for the riot in the name of labor. I simply explained the 3it nation as it had been reported to me. I think the colonel could have re? served his charges?for that's what they were?until an investigation had determined the cause of the riots." "But I know the colonel," conclud? ed Mr. Gompers. "He was only bluf? fing." Ambassador Rakhmetioff received an enthusiastic greeting from the throng which packed the hall when he rose to speak. "The destinies of the world are at stake," he said. "Never have respon? sibilities of nations, governments, in? dividuals, been so great. There are two paths to follow, two possibilities to consider. On one side is tho tri? umph of democracy, peaceful and un? bounded development of nations ex? ercising fully their inalienable rights for life, liberty and the pursuit of hap pine?-.. "The fate of the future will depend on whether Russia will emerge from this world struggle as a firm democ? racy, solid and majestic, united in democratic consciousness, formidable and powerful in the exertion of its democratic will, supported by tho gallantry of its armies or if the East? ern country will succumb in its inter? nal task of political construction or will collapse due to Insufficient sup? plies or invalidity of arms. I do not I f conceal. I do not plead. The revolu? tion needs no apology. It is not I who speak for the revolution; it is the revolution which speaks through me It Is the greatest historical event, an event of immeasurable import and infinite result. "Do people realize tho magnitude of j events which have happened? Do they in a proper way conceive the deepness and altitude of tho cataclysm which has taken place in Russia? Do they really expect that the process of transition of ISO,000,000 human beings from practically a state of slavery to the most democratic and unrestricted form of existence . apropos of comprising the complete reorganization of political and social life, could OCCUr without occasional disorder and outbursts of civil strife? . . . "i am g|ad to state that In n large measure the period of misunderstand? ing, I would say confusion, is over. The splendid advance In Galicia has I been the best answer to all rumors \ of separate peace. The achievements of Kerensky and of Bruanlloff at the: head of a democratic army have demonstrated that a democratic army p can fight braVely and with the best f; achievements." I b RUSSIANS STRIKE HARD, avstro-german link in gali, cia apparently broken west oe stanislatj. Cavalry Pressing Hard on Fleeing Austrian*?Seven Thousand iM^wn ers and Forty-eight Guns Captured ?Russian Drive From Northwest Hemming in Hallcz on Tliroe S^des ?Quiet on the British Front in France, but Germans are Giving French no Rest, Repeated Attacks R6W8 Made In Chemin des Danv s Section. New and powerful blows are being struck by Russians in Galllca where apparently tboy have broken the Aus tro-German line west of Stanislau and south of Hallet. Petrograd official reports say the Russians have not only made important gains , in the Stanislau region, but declares the Rus? sian cavalry is pressing the enemy, the pursuit having already reached the Luka river. Haltet, the gateway to Lemberg on the south seems doomed, unless the Russian ouslaught is quickly stopped. The Russian push from the northwest would hem in Halicz on three sides. The renewed Russian drive has brought control of addtional toritory and the capture of seven thousand prisoners, forty-eight guns, including a dozen large pieces. North of Stanislau the Russians are holding the position won in the vicin? ity of Brezezany and Koniuchy, where a Austro-German counterattack has been beaten off. Only local fighting is reported on the British western front, but the Germans are giving the French little rest farther south. Attack after at? tack is being launched to wrest po? sitions from French on the Chemin des Dames front. The French report I these attacks unsuccessful. GERMANS ANNOUNCJ? vicjB?X; Russian Attnek ChetjL^i and prend, Treu? hesCjj1 >tured. Berlin, Juhy^Zihe Rustltt at ?srtn Galicia has been broiig^^Tn standstill, it is officially announced. It is also announced that French trenches on a front of about two miles were taken on the Aisne front with eight hundred prisoners. FOREIGNERS SAID TO BE SAFE IN CHINA. Fighting Along Considerable Front With Advantage to Republican Troops. London, July 7.?According to a message to tho Exchange Telegraph, righting is occurring all along the Peking-Muden railroad in China as well as between Peking and Tien Tsin. Republicans have the advan? tage. Other dispatches from China do not confirm the fighting reports. Foreigners are not in any danger in Peking, according to a dispatch to The Times. KAISER CALLS CONFERENCE. Ambassadors and Ministers of Neu? trals Invited to Meet Emperor of Germany. London, July 9.?According to re? ports reaching Rotterdam from Ber? lin, forwarded by the Exchange Tele? graph, Emperor William has invited neutral ambassadors and ministers to a conference on Saturday. FORTIFYING FORBIDDEN CITY. Gon. Cltttnff Preparing to Make i*nst Stand in Peking. Peking. July t).?Gen. Chang, the head of the royalist forces, is provis? ioning the forbidden city and strength? ening its defenses. This indicates that in the event of his troops being de? feated at Feng Tai the last stand will ?e made there. MILLION WOMEN PLEDGED. To Follow Directions of Food Ad? min Ut rat ion. Washington. July 7.?A million American women, it was announced oday, have signed pledget to follow he food conservation directions of he food administration. All will he ?n rolled as actual members of the ??od administration, and from time to Ime will be sent instructions on to Use hold economics. Within the next hree weeks the administration hopes 0 enroll virtually every woman in the tnlted States. Weather for the Week. Washington, July 7.?Normal tem leraturoa and occasional showers ure a recast od for the Southeastern states, eg inning tomorrow.