The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, October 30, 1915, Image 3
\M MTK-IM>T\SII M1MN).
l*?m?ihlr I'otasti Supply for Tlil^
Country: Shipping I tali I'oUihIi in
C'ottoa ?U?a> to rsoath.
Manufacturers Uecord.
I? reply to a telegram to the lnt? r
lor Department for any additional in?
formation available on the alunlte
Potash development In Ftah, about
which tho Department has issued a
bulletin. H.?n. Franklin K. Lane,
Secretary of the Interior, sends us the
following:
"The first mill for the treatment of
arunJto in this country, according to a
special report made by V. C. Heikes,
In charao of the Salt laiUe otllce of
the Geological Sur\?y. has Just been
put Into operation and reports a pro
d icfdon of two tons of potassium sul?
phate and nearly lon.ono gallons of so?
lution containing a large union it of
potash.
The mill Is situated about flvo
miles southwest of Marysvale, a small
settlement near the central part of
Ftah Tin claims from which the
alunlte ore Is obtuined are about four
milea west of the mill. The main
facta regarding tho geological occur?
rence of the ore have bean published
by the Survev In Bulletin Its,
"Intercut at the present tlmo cen?
ters about the commercial production
? ' potash from this ore. The follow?
ing Is an outMne of the various steps In
the prcass of extracting the potash
halt? MaW It
'fho ore after being mined Is do
Hvered to an aerial tram 02000 feet
long and with a fall of 1900 feet, by
which it is convyed nni delivered to
a storage bin, from ffhamot it is haul?
ed by wagona to the mill.
From tho ore bins at the mill the
alunlte passes through a gyratory
cruaher; tb< n tbi et of rolls,
ami thane** Is d<-li\crc,i Ig I itorage
bin. This material i mixed with pow?
dered slack ? !s fed Into a ro?
tary kiln in which It Is roasted. The
roasted material Is elevated to a stor?
age bin. from which It Is drawn off
Into a digester. In the digester it I ;
mixed with wafer and the sulphate of
? issl'im dissolved out. The charges
from the digester are s.ored In wood?
en tanks. From these tanks the mix?
ture is pumped Into a filter press,
where tb?? Insoluble alumina and tin
water soluble potash Iff separated.
"The solution Is then evaporated in
triple effect vacuum pans. The sul?
phate of potassium crystals are sepa?
rated out, drained and dried. Tho
dried powder Is pulverised, screened
an sacked for shipment.
"The boiler plant usoa slack coal for
fuel. Boilers having a rating of GOO
horsepower produce steam for driving
three engines, running the machinery
of the plant. The exhaust steam is
used for evaporating tho solutions and
i\< j tng the product.
"The ca i. r of the first unit of the
plant la estimated to be from 23 to
36 tons of sulphate of potassium a
day. In addition to tho valuable sul?
phate of potassium, the operators ex?
pect to sain a considerable return from
the filter cake left after the potash
?eolation has been removed from the
cadcined material. This cake consists
of nearly pure alumina. This may
oo used for making refractory brick,
for It is reported to withstand tem?
peratures as high as II.legraee cen?
tigrade. It may also prove to
available for making aluminum."
(Special Dispatch t< Manufacturers'
Becord.)
Salt I*ko Ftty. Ftah. Oct. II,
f returned this evening from our
Marysvale rum- and |!mi. The mine
la developing splendidly and the pro?
cess is working entirely satisfactorily
and the product is superior to the Im?
ported potanh. We have been delav
ed aomewhut by the slowness of the
contractor in completing aerial tram?
way, but the first unit should be run?
ning to capacity next week. The firs'
car uooryrrd 0.\ |>er cent, sulphate pot?
ash, and goes to the Armour Fertiliz?
er Works at Jacksonville. I'la., packed
in Southern cotton bags.
Charles II. MacDowell,
President Nrrno ir Fertilizer Works.
In July the Mann''letnr - rs Feeor.l
psbllnhed an Interview with Mr. Mar
Unwell, In which he state,| that he an I
his associates hsd <?? | the Mln
rral Product* Corporation for th?*
purpose of developing a large aOposll
of ulwite near Marysvale. Flute county.
Utah, about 200 miles from Halt Lake
City. Mr. MacDowell state,1 the plan;
was then bring constructed for the
company by \V< stlnghouse, Church,
Korr * Co., of Nam York, and upon
completion shortly would have an
output of 2f? tons of potash per day.
this amount to he Increased promptU
to l?> or M tons a day. He added that
while this ?inantlty of potash was only
a drop In the bucket |S the Vrt I llx
er Industry, It would probal ly b ad to
greater development along this line.
The foregoing telegram from Mr
MacDowell Is of Special Interest as
confirming his expectation:! announc?
ed In the IntcrNlew with him. and es?
pecially Important In that I statcmcn'
Is made that the prodoct i-? Stlpefioi
to the Importe* potash and thai lh<
first shipment ot it goes In cotton bage
to the Southern plant of the Armour
Company.
This teleaTMH from Mr. MaeDowell
ll Of particular interest in view of the
announcement Just made by the De
1 artrio nt of the Interior bearing on
the nmi ?abject. Referring to this
' situation, the report of the Depart
Im< nt of the Interior says:
'"The potash is found In a vein of
a mineral known aa alunlte, which I?
Ithe sulphate of aluminum md pot?
assium. The vein found is some 10
feat wide, and has been traced for
some uiOO fett. Its depth is not yet
known. The alultc when removed is
subjected to a very simple process of
beating?, dlaaorvlni in water, filtering
and evaporating, and the potassium
sulphate resulting is almost pure.
Some lot tons of alunito has been put
through the mill and two tons of 91
per cent, pure potash has been pro?
duced, and there is still In solution
nearly 100,000 gallons containing largo
amounts of potash s.dts which has not
yet been evaporated."
The discovery that this mineral
yields potash in commercial quantities
is returned by Secretary Lane as one
of the most Important discoveries
made recently with reference to our
natural resources, as It assures us of
a domestic supply of potash for our
national needs in the manufacture of
explosives, at least.
Alunito is known to exist in the
St;itcs of Colorado, I'tah, Nevada,
California and Arizona. In further
discussing the subject the report of
the Department of tho Interior says:
"It resembles In appearance disin?
tegrated limestone. The technical
d? scrlptlon given by the Geological
Survey of alunito is that it Is a 'fine?
grained, compact rock, breaking with
conchoidal fractures, and having a por
colaln-llke appearance, but containing
also considerable masses with a dis?
tinctly crystalline structure.*
"Heretofore the 1'nlted States has
been dependent upon the potash sup?
ply of Germany, where it is found in
strata chiefly at a great depth. Our
Imports for 1913 of potassium salts
WOrt $ir>,000 000. The world has been
dependent tTpon this German supply
as an Ingredient in modern fertilizer
and in the manufacture of explosives.
Potash is known ?..> exist In the Unit?
od States In some of the salt lakes of
tho Interior, but has not been produc?
ed her ttOforo in any commercial quan?
tity. Some potash has also been pro?
duced on the Pacillc coast from the
kelp of the seacoast, which tukes the
potash from the salt water.
"The Interior Department Is also
drilling at various points the Unit?
ed States In search for potash de?
posits similar to those of Germany.
Should alunlte deposits of a similar
character be found In large quantities'
in other States, its significance to the
agriculture of this country can hardly
be ovorestirnated, as it is an essential
?Oil food and will re-establish from
year to year the draught made upon
the potash in the soil by the crops
produced."
Investigation should be made
throughout the South to sec if alu dte
c.i nnot h,. discovered in this section In
sufficient quantity to justify develop?
ment.
It is, however, Important to utter a
word of caution, for reports are be?
ing circulated that effort! arc being
made to sell stock to small investors
baeod on reported dlocovorloi of alu?
alto. Indeed) Mr. MaeDowell wires us
that not enough progress has yet been
made to warrant small investors to
eorae in, and that lots of "wild-cat
tinu" is now going on in the search of
ilunlte.
PRISONERS I1REAK JAIL.
eighteen Negroes Kmupc From
know die Jail.
Kaoxvllle, oct. ? Eighteen ne
froes, one of them under sentence of
d< tth for the murder of Chief of Po?
lice Campbell of Johnson City, enwed
their way out of the Knox county jail
last Bight. I hiring t ho early hours
thi* aborning one of tho aherliri poaao
shot nnd killed Loo Moore, n negro
porter, mistaking him for one of tho
? oaped aegreea Two prlsners have
I *>*en recapturod.
onm no decision.
11 orfcaj 'f IHajienanfies Inder Ad
\ lament.
Coiumhia, <>et. 10.?Qov, Manning
said last night that he had noi reach?
ed a decision relative to tho closing of
.ill dispensaries in Columbia this week,
\ petHton aahlng thai tho dlapenaarlos
bo olosed has been flle>?l by university j
tud-ms. The dispensaries will no
eloaed Thursday anyway under stat?
ute, us will ho the banks and the va?
rlOUS public others.
Tin dtapen arles In Charleston will
sraaln cloned during today, when
the second primary la lo l?e held le
?bet an alderman. The mllltla con*
Innen on duty The governor had
no announcement In make no lo when
he dl tpensnrlen would be reopened.
A big pea crop grns made this year
ml in effort In being made In hnr?
i h forge p.irt or it. pen* will sell
. 11 price next spring.
HERMAN CONSPIRACY CONFESS?
ED.
Roberl Tay Ol Saxony Retails Plot
Fostered by Kaleer*e Bocrot service
|0 Disable Linen Sailing From Vult
od States Forts.
New York, <>ct. 25.?Details of a]
plot to hamper munitions shipments
Jfg tli" allies '?y placing clockwork
bombs on the rudders or propellers
Of ships t<? disable the vessels on their
Way aia oss the Atlantic were dis?
closed today in the confession of one
I of five men charged with conspiracy
to Violate a federal statute.
j After the confession of Robert Fay,
a lieutenant of the Sixteenth Saxony
infantry, who admitted that he came
to this country last April through an
agreement With the German secret
laden with war supplies for the .allies,
William J. Flynn, chief of the secret
service, tonight (lied before United
[States Commissioner Houghton an af?
fidavit In which Fay and four others,
tare charged with promoting the con?
spiracy. A hearing was set for No?
vember 4.
Fay confessed that while m the
battlefield he talked with superior of?
ficers about a device to blow up ships,
that later his idea of coming to Amer?
ica and carrying his scheme through
was well received by the German
secret service; that he came well
equipped with money to act on his
own responsibility and that he talked
with Capt. von Fapen, military at?
tache, and Capt. Foyd-Ed, naval at
tacho of the German embassy, about
the plan, but they had refused to have
anything to do with it.
The confession of Fay, who said
be had been decorated with the lion
Cross for fighting in the Champagne
district in France, covers his arrival
in the United States April IS, last
his making of clockwork bombs since
then, and his activities in experiment?
ing with explosives along the Hudson
river.
Quantities of acid In the room oc?
cupied by Fay and Walter I. Scholz
in Weehawken, N. J., and boxes con?
taining chlorate of potash, used in
making socalled sugar bombs, In a
boat house on the Hudson, were found
after the arrest of the men Sunday.
Scholz, a brother-in-law of Fay, is a
mechanic.
Two other men were arrested today
and another, making the fifth, was
named in the complaint but he had
not been apprehended. The new ar?
rests were:
Paul Daeche, Jersey City, N. J.,
who said he was a graduate of Co?
logne university and came here In
1912.
Herbert Klcnslc, 2S years old, man?
ager of a clock company, charged in
the complaint with having aided in
procuring explosive materials used by
Fay.
Max Breitung, about Whose Identity
no details were disclosed, was named
as one of the conspirators. It was
stated that Breitung had not been
apprehended.
R K V E Ii ATT ON S OF PLOT CON?
TINUE.
Herman Conspirators Planned to Dc
New York, Oct. 2G.?Paul Selb, the
fifth member of the Fay plot, has
made Important revelations to police
secret service men today, refuting
Fay's elaim that they did not intend
to harm munition plants. He declar?
ed that the plotters planned to destroy!
the giant plant of the American Agri?
cultural Company, at Roosevelt, N.
J., last Thursday, but were prevented
by the Vigilance Of the guards and de?
cided to await a more favorable op
portunity, The Roosevelt plant is
owned by the Standard Oil Co., and
Is making chemicals for the manufac?
ture of high explosives. The official!
are convinced that the seeming will?
ingness of Fay and Scholz, to confess
|a merely a sly effort to conceal the
true significance of the plot. Officers
are looking for Ifaj. Freltung, who is
said to be a relative Of the millionaire
banker Edward Breitung. Selb acted
ns the purchasing agent for the plot?
ters, securing various explosives for
the manufacture of bo:
Repudiate Fay Can. s*
New York, Oct. 2fi.?ador
von I lernstorft today denied at. owi
of the Fay conspirators or that
his government had anything to do
with them.
DRASTIC LAWS NEEDED.
1 ay Plot Shows Urgent Necessity of
Law to Punish Es|Mdnagc.
Washington, <>et. lm;.?High officials
sec In the latest bomb plot discovered
in New York additional reasons for
drastic neutrality laws, and congress
will be asked by the president to en?
act them. Already Assistant Attorney
(leneral Watten is drafting measures
which would give the federal govern
men! absolute powers t.? punish se?
dition and espionage. Officials believe
thai the surface of the Fay conspiracy
1ms merely been scratched, Addition
it' r< ( let service men have been seid
. i worlt on the case. All of the guilty I
I armors Will be prosecuted.
?troy New Jersey Plant.
TO
iE Pilo
DUGTION OF EGOS OB TABLE FOWLS
Characteristics of Chickens That Make Them Good Laying or
General Purpose Breeds?White Leghorn and Barred
& Plymouth Rock Most Popular Varieties.
Breed* of poultry can be conveni?
ently divided Into two classes: (1)
the e*g breeds, and (2) the general
purpose breeds. This division is like
that of cattle into beef and dairy
types, and of horses into light and
heavy classes.
In the egg breeds of poultry the
primary requirement is the produc?
tion of a great number of eggs of
standard size. The fowls are not ex
pec tod to be prime table specimens,
but they must lay throughout the
year, except when they have to rest
and recuperate. They do not sit and
hatch chickens and they lay white
ihelled egge. The more popular egg
breeds are Leghorns, Minorcas, An
conas and Oarapines. The most popu?
lar variety of these breeds is the Sin?
gle Comb White Leghorn.
AU large egg farms are stocked
with "White Leghorn pullets and hens,
because it is possible to obtain
breeding stock in this variety that
has blood lines of heavy egg produc?
tion behind it. Pullets from a heavy
laying strain are better layers than
pullets of no epeclal breeding.
If X(kS TTPS. _
How can one detect heavy laying
characteristics in a mature pullet or
ben? Notice the illustration of the egg
type hen. Note how her body resem?
bles the wedge shape of the dairy
cow. Narrow and trim at her neck
and wide and deep at the rear, she
has the greater part of her body be
hlffd bar legs. A good layer has a
large, soft, flexible rear end, drop?
ping down between tier legs and eo
wide that the legs are set far apart to
accommodate it. The rear end of the
hen corresponds to the udder of the
dairy cow and must be largo and yield?
ing, not small and hard.
DESTROY CORN STUBBLE
Farmers Can Reduce Damage from
Corn Stalk Borer by Turning
Under Stubble In Fall.
Com etubble shomd not be allowed
to stand In the field all winter undis?
turbed. The corn stalk borer is one
of the "reasons" for this. This Insect
is one of the most notorious corn
peete of the South and evidence of its
work can be seen in practically any
corn Held at harvest time. It is the
cause of the holes that may occur in
any portion of a stalk.
The corn stalk borer remains as a
larva, or worm, In the base of corn
stubble "beneath the ground during the
winter. Farmers do this ineect a
great favor, therefore, when they let
their corn stubblo stand undisturbed
in the field during fall and winter.
Destroying corn stubble is not very
easy, except on modemly equipped
farms where there Is sufficient horse
power and the stubble can be turn?
ed under thoroughly. There Is, there?
fore, some temptation to leave it un?
disturbed. flBu/t 'the advantages of
turning stubble are such that a farm?
er cannot well afford not to do it.
Turning It under helps very much In
reducing the corn stalk borer fox
the next season.
Whose thorough turning cannot bo
practiced; it here are other methods
such aa "busting out" the stubble and
hauling it to the compost heap for rot?
ting. By another method, after the
corn tB gathered, stalks, stubble, and
everything else may be "busted out,"
raked tnto heaps and, after a few
weeks for drying, burned. In experi?
mental work o very large percentage
of com stalk borer larvae (worms)
was destroyed during winter where
the etubble was plowed out and left
exposed to the weather.
But when theso methods are prac?
ticed toy fanners only here and there,
it will not help the situation very
much, The control of the corn stalk
boror depends upon tho co-operative
action of the farmers of a Community,
Tho fact must also be borne in
mind that it Is an extravagant prac?
tice to lot corn fields tie idle and ex?
posed during the winter months, not
only on account of these Insect pests,
but also on account of the loss from
washing and teaching of soils.
A. F. CONRADI,
Professor of Entomology,
Clem son Agricultural College,
A simple test of e> good layer is to
measure the distance from the two
pelvic bones (one on each side of the
vent) to the rear end of the breast
hone. This distance should be as wide
as four fingers when the hen is lay?
ing. When the hen has this depth and
Is also wide across h? rear it proves
that she has on abundance of room to
manufacture eggs constantly and par?
ticularly the egg shells, which are
formed in this part of her body. Such
a hen will lay well when properly
cared for.
Wens with a email distance "between
the pelvic bones end rear of breast?
bone and tight or unyielding rear body
are not good layers. Put bands on the
legs of your layers and note how many
consecutive days they lay without
resting. That will show Ihow long
each hen can maintain her egg flow
an dthe better layers are those which
can continue laying for longer periods.
GENERAL PURPOfB TYTE.
U-1
The general purpose breeds have
been selected primarily for the pro
ductton of table poultry. They axe
a*so good layers of brown-shelled eggs.
They hatch their chicks and are the
most satisfactory for those who want
one flock of purebred chickens for
both meat and egg purposes. The
more popular of the general purpose
breeds are Plymouth Rocks, Rhode Isl?
and Rods, Wyandottes and Orpingtons
The most popular variety is the Bar?
red Plymouth Rock. This li recog?
nized as the best chicken for market
as it Is large and well-meated and fat?
tens profitably when confined in
crates.
FRANK C. HARB,
Extension Poultry Husbandman,
Clemson Agricultural College.
DO NOT NEGLECT TOOLS
Farmers Suffer Large Losses by Fail?
ure to Care for Implements That
Are Not In Use.
The farmer who puts away his farm
machinery without oiling and clean?
ing It Is certain to lose in the dete?
rioration of the machinery many times
what the time to care for it would
have been worth. Failure to take care
of farm machinery Is a source of large
loss to the American farmer annually.
Most farmers realize that they
would save money t>y taking good care
of their machines, but neglect to do
so, either through carelessness or in?
difference. The most important step
toward having efficient machinery is
keeping it in good repair. In spare
time, each machine should be care?
fully inspected and all missing, broken
or overworn parts noted. Write the
names and numbers of missing parts
on tags and fasten these tags to the
machine.
All machines should have a general
inspection at least once a year. A
rainy day in late fall is very good lor
this purpose.
Exposure to weather Injures both
wooden and metal parts of machines
and a machinery shod should hy all
moans be part of the farm equip?
ment. Every machine should be clean?
ed, oiled, and housed after it has been
used.
Painting aids greatly in improving
the appearance and prolonging the Ufa
of machines. It protects both wood
and motal from the weather. Point
should be used freely when needed.
Ono of the best paints for all farm
implements Is made with red lead and
linseed oil.
The use of good farm implements is
increasing rapidly in South Carolina
and farmers owo It to themselves to
he more oareful of their tools. In the
year that has gone, they have learned
some Important lessons in economy,
hut there is probably no more practi?
cal way in which a farmer can econo?
mize than by taking the proper care
of his farm implements*?repairing
thorn, oiling them, housing them, and
painting them.
S1IXNEY S. RTTTBNBBRO,
Agricultural Publicist,
Clemaon Agricultural College*
i SEMI HOLIDAY GRANTED.
Schools Will Not Close but Scliool
Children Permitted to Attend State
Fair.
The Board of Education, instead of
granting a holiday, has extended, to
the pupils the privilege of attending
the fair tomorrow, without loss of
credit. This privilege is confined %o
one day, as great contusion would re?
sult, if the pupils were absent on
different days. This will allow all
the pupils, who wish to do so, to l>e
in Columbia on Sumter day.
A company of seventy cadets will
go over tomorrow on regular military
rai'S. This has been arranged for in
obedience to the urgent wishes of the
different committees of the Chamber
I of Commerce.
SHIP IN FLAMES AT SEA.
Ma Dory Liner Loaded With Six Thou?
sand Hales of Cotton Horns*
Charleston, Oct. 25.?The Mallory
lii.fr Colorado, which cleared from
Charleston for Now York last night
with a cargo of 6,000 bales pf cot?
ton caught fire and was abandoned
at sea off Cape Romain, between 30
and 4 0 miles from Charleston, accord?
ing to advices received at the local
office of the Clyde line this morning.
Capt. Congdon and his crew of 37
men were picked up by the Suwanee,
a Merchants and Miners' steamship,
bound for Baltimore. No word as
to the origin and nature of the Are
had been received late this afternoon.
The local tugs Waban and Cecelia
put to sea on receipt of the news, In?
tending to salvage the vessel and part
of her cargo if possible. Both are
equipped with special fire fighting ap?
paratus.
WOUNltS TROVE FATAL.
Vestel Hancock Hies From Shots by
Negro.
Cherftw, Oct. 25.?Vestel Hancock,
who was shot by Charlie Chapman, a
negro, Saturday night, died In a Ham?
let hospital while on tho operating
table.
The coroner's Inquest was held
here this morning, the verdict being
that Mr. Hancock came to his death
from gunshot wounds at the hands
of Charlie Chapman, his brother,
Lewis, being accessory to the crime.
Both are In jail.
MALLORY STEAMER SAVED.
Raming Cotton Ship Towed rate
Cliarieston.
Charleston, Oct. 36.?The Mallory
steamer Colorado, which was aban?
doned at sea yesterday has been
towed into port by tv o tags, the flames
having been extinguished. The super?
structure and part of the six thousand
bales of cotton In the cargo were de?
stroyed.
- ;4
EXPENSE STATEMENTS.
Mayoralty Candidates Make Final Re?
port on Expenditure.
Mayor John P. Grace and Major T.
T. Hyde have filed with the clerk of
court their final statements of ex?
penses in connection with the recent
mayoralty campaign. Mayor Grace's
statement alter the primary reports
expenses at $176, for use at the polls,
which, with the amount listed in his
former statement, $4,833.43, brings
the total to $5,009.43.
In Major Hyde's final statement, $1,
000 is stated as paid for waichera,
challengers and ralliers on election
day, and $4 5 for rent of headquarters
and sundry expenses there; the addi?
tion of these amounts bring the pre?
vious total of $3,034.07 to $4,069.07.
COTTON GINNING REPORT.
Only 3,71?,? 17 Hales So Far Prepared.
Washington, Oct. 26.?The third
cotton ginning report of the season,
compiled from reports of cenaus bu?
reau correspondents and agents
throughout the cotton belt and issued
at 10 a. m., today, announced that
5,713,347 bales of cotton, counting
round as half bales, of the growth of
IIIS had been ginned prior to Oc?
tober 18. This compared with 7,619,
7 47 bales, or 4 7.9 per cent, of the en?
tire crop, ginned prior to t>ctob*r 18
last year, 6,973,518 bales, or 49.9 per
cent.. In 1913, and 6,874,206 bales, or
51 per cent., In 1912.
Included In the ginning* were
54,4 22 round bales, compared with
15,239 last year, 49,030 in 1913 and
41,746 In 1912.
Sea island cotton Included number?
ed 40,257 bales, compared with 30,078
IkiIcs to October 18 last year, 31,139
in 1913 and 15,960 bales in 1912.
Some of the share-croppers, ten?
ant farmers and lieners who wer?
financially embarrassed last fall but
were carried over by their creditors are
being closed out. having been unable
to pay their debts out of this year's
crop. The effect of last year's disaster
Will be felt for years and a good many
farmers as well as merchants have
had to make a fresh sart.