Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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It KVI KW <>P WAR. Summary off I.osm'* Sustained and Es? timate of Itcsrurvc* off Fighting Men ? Constantinople ilu< Iteal <?reut l*ri*e off trie War. More interesting than any battle newsj in a month In which the cam? paign progress was slight was the recrudescence ot peace talk, of peace talk which, howevor vague in char? acter, clearly defined certain possi? bilities and unmistakably had Its ori? gin in German quarters. Not since von Kluck approached Paris In the pre? vious year had there been any such detailed discussion in the press and the circumstances were not wholly dissimilar. Hefore discussing In detail this peace talk. I purpose to set forth briefly the statistics of the first year of the war, believing that they con? tain alike the explanation of the rea? sons why the Austro-Oerman victors should be willing to make peace and the AMes, so far unsuccessful, should resolutely refuse all opportunity to end the strlfs. Th* statistics which follow represent a ampliation of re? ports and statements from many source*. All such estimates are ?saint) based on guesses rather than official reports, and mine is simply the best summary that I can make from the Information in my hands. I do not mean to defend or explain the in? dividual figures; space would forbid th e, hut I do not wish to be under? stood to claim for these estimates any offletal sanction, that is, ss a whole; many srs official. In the first months, the Allies and the Central Powers each put Into the field armies aggregating In number 4.100.000. On the Allied side the quota of the several states was Prance. 2.000.000; Russia. 2,000,000; Serbia. 160,000; Great Britain. 150, 000; Belgium, 100.000. On the field fores of the Central Powers, Germany supplied 2.000.000; Austria 1,600, 000. Tho entrance of Italy toward the end of the first year raised the to? tal of the field forces off the Allies, but the Teutonlo powers have not in? creased the actual total of their field armies materially nor have the orig? inal Allies. The first figures repre? sent approximately the force that the contestants can maintain In the field. To make good losses, and In the ease of the British alone, to Increase the field armies above the first strength, the Allies have sent intc the field 6,660,000 and Italy has brought ?60.000, making a total contribution Off f.26S.00?L ? * * # S>fJ| I The Allied loss In this tl*ne has been i.700.000, 6,600,000 off which was permanent and the balance ' em porary, representing the silently wounded and the sick who have been able to rejoin. The Austro-Oerman loss In the same period has been 6, 260,000. Of these. 5.000,000 has been permanent and the Austro-Oermans have contented themselves with send? ing to the front Just sufficient troops to nil the gaps, that Is 5.000.000. The total field forces of the Allies now are about 5.260.000 and of the Austro Oermans 4,600.000. On the Allied side the losses up to the present time, permanent and tem? porary, have been as follows: Rus? sians. 4.000,000; French. 2.000,000; nritlsh. 400.000; Italian 100,000; Bel? gian 100,000; Serbian. 100,000. This figure can be reduced by from a quarter to a-fifth to discover the per? manent losses. Tho huge number of Musstan prisoners will Increase the percentage of permanent losses of the Russians. In the same period the German lossee have been 3,360,000 and the Austrian 3,050,000. A similar deduction will fix the permanent as compared with the temporary losses. Hut again regard must be paid the to? tal of Austrian t Hsoners. I fix the Itusslan prisoners at considerably more than 2,000,000, the Austrian at rather less than 1.000,000. At the present moment 1 estimate the Allied field armies to be as fol? low* Kassian. 1,500,000; French. 2, 000.000; British. 750,000; Italians, 160.000; Serbian. 150.000; Belgian 100,000. The Austro-Oerman, as has been suhl, remains at 4.600.000. In the west I estimate that there are about 1.500.000 Oermans facing 2, oi,.! im,-> IVatteh, :;,m..i British and 100.0000 Belgians. In the east I esti? mate that 1.500.000 Russians arc ffac ?ng I .i (J? rmans and 1.000, 000 Austrlans In lh* south I esti? mate that 500,000 Austrlans uro fac? ing 760.00QO Italians and 150,000 Serbians. In these figures I have made no estimate of the Turks. The reason Is this: In the British and French fig? ures no regard has been paid to co? lonial and native troops. Home, hate actually been sent to Flanders and Franc?, but In the same way some of the troops In the regular establish? ments have been sent to the Darda? nelles. I believe some 350,000 Brit? ish and French troops :ir?? operating shout Oalllpoll and that the Turkish lor re there does not exceed 160.000. The Allied |osa exceeds 100,000 as does the Turkish, but by setting the roloidul and native troops of France and Britain against the Turkish forces it is possible to disregard both for lite purpose of the present calculation. The Chance of Prolonging the War. What is the fraction of a total pop? ulation which can be put Into the field In war? Not more than one-tenth, most experts agree. This Is above the percentage of the north In the Civil War and not far from that of the south, which actually put its last man in. Now on this basis Germany was able to put In the tlcld 6,700,000; France 4,000,000; Austria-Hungary, 5.000,000. In the case of Britain and Itussia, we have to consider two different sit? uations. Russia had available by the rule of one-tenth not less than 17, 000,000, but such a horde is beyond all the possibilities of equipping gen? ius. On the other hand, It supplies a reserve that can be drawn on annual? ly for just the amount that can be equipped. Last year the draft was 3,000,000. Roughly speaking we may expect thut as long as Rubsla stays In the war she can furnish 3,000,000 new troops to meet losses each year. England, on the other hand, does not have conscription and did not have a huge standing army or a train? ed national reserve. But by enlist? ment she raised 3,000,000 In a year, while her losses about balanced her trained forces at the outset. Plainly England can never again supply I, 000,000 In a year. By the law of one tenth she still has about a million oien available, but there Is grave doubt whether they can largely be brought In without conscription. We have already shown the present strength of the field forces of each contestant. Behind them there stand in the case of the Allies the following reserves now mobilized: England, 2,500,000; France, 500,000 remaining from first levy of 4,000,000, and 400, 000, the new class of 1917 just call? ed up. or 900,000 in all. Italy, hav? ing called.but 850,000 and lost 100, 0?0, has theoretically the difference between her resources under the law of one-tenth and this amount, or 3, 500,000 less 850,000. But no one be lloves Italy its financially able to equip such masses, and 600,000 is perhaps a fair estimate of her con? tribution for 1916. All told, then, the Allies can count on reserves of 7,000,000 during the coming year. As their permanent, leases last year were 5,250,000 and their field armies today amount to the same total, a similar loss for this year would leave them with 7,000,000 standing, either in the field or imme? diately available. , %Now consider the case of the Teu? tonic allies. They had under the law of one-tenth a little less than 12,000, 000 available In August, 1914. They have lost finally 5,000,000. They have 4,500,000 in the field. This leaves a balance of 2,500,000, which will be Increased by 1,200,000, when tho contingent of conscripts for 1917 takes tho field. But If their loss this year Is equal to last year's It will be 5,000,000 and on August 1, 1916, they will have but 3,200,000 to face 7,000, 000 of the Allies. The lines in the west cannot be held at their present extension, by leas than 1,500,000, and Italy and Serbia will require at least 500,000 more for safe defense. This leaves only 1,200,000 to faco the Rus? sians. Assuming that Germany can still hold her lings to up August 1, then what will be the situation as to fresh lives? France can only supply an an? nual contingent of 400,000, England 400,000. and Italy 350,000 plus any? thing she chooses, since only a small fraction of her total man-power avail? able has been used. The Teutonic al? lies can furnish an annual contingent of 1,200,000. But there remains Rus? sia with the capacity to put 3,000,000 a year in for a number of years still. This Is the whole story of attrition as the Allies see it. They believe, on the itat.atics that are available, that Isomo ttaSS next spring the time will (come when Oermany cannot keep her [ field force up to its present strength j of 4,500,000. They believe that at the present rato of expenditure it will fall rapidly until by August 1 it will be around 3,200,000. The Allied strength, on the contrary, will rise to 7.00,000, and will have behind It on August I great Russian and consider? able Italian reserves, while the Ger? mans and Austrlans. like the I'rench and British, will have only their an? nual increment to add to their Held forces. Before the hinter of ioig they be> Ib ve the Germans will have to con? tract their lines, because their num? bers aro too small to hold the vast extent on the east and on the west. Out until August 1, the Allies expect little ehsngS In the actual lines of but? tle and HO considerable Allied success save about Constantinople. Constantinople, the Iteul Prize of \ sr Oer man demand that the treaty of JM IOC should make Austria the suzcr ? >ln of the Balkans called final atten? tion to the real Importance of the bat? lie going on at the Dardanelles Ser? bia, Montenegro, and Albania annex? ed, RoUffianla bound lO the Central Powers by the uift or nusslsn Pessa rnbln, Bulgaria and Greece, both with Teutonic parties euprcmo at tholi oourtH, would sink to the estate of mere protectorates. Turkey was al? ready an ally, with her military de? partment In German control and her future hopeless unless Germany could save her from Russia and the Medi? terranean powers. A treaty of peace perpetuating this situation would make Turkey-in-Asia but a German colony and Germany could send her troops to the very edge Of Suez by the Mecca Railroad, threat? ening British Egypt, and she could also send more troops by the Bagdad railroad, following the route of Alex? ander the Great to the Euphrates and thence against India. Sea power would cease to menace German ex? pansion and Germany could strike at the very heart of the colonial empire of her great rival, While she would remain beyond the reach of Britain. Railroad connection from Berlin to Bagdad, from the Spree to the Euph? rates, would make one central em? pire, into which would be merged not alone Turkey and the Balkan states, but Sweeden, Norway, Denmark, and the new Poland. Belgium might for the moment escape and France go un dimlnlshed. But would Belgium and France again venture to resist the new Central Empire, when it turned west to take Holland and North Belgium, thus completing the work of "round? ing out the Greater Germany," so much In the eyes and hearts of Pan Germanlsts? Or would France ac? quiesce, possibly receiving immunity, a guarantee of integrity and a morsel of Walloon Belgium? As to Raly, could she hope to take Trieste away from such a Central Empire? Could she hope to hold it, even if she won it temporarily dur? ing the war It should be noted that German peace proposals made no ad? vance to Italy of any sort. With Ger? many In Dalmatia, in Albania, the control of tho Adriatic would pass from Italy to the Central Empire and Italy would have to choose between becoming, like France, a German ser? vant and a struggle that could have but one end. The key of this whole grandiose German conception was Constanti? nople. If it once fell into Allied hands, then there was an end of the German dream. Under Allied patron? age the Balkans would be reorganiz? ed. The Balkan states would be at the mercy of the sea powers and the nation that held the straits. They would have to turn their backs on all German proposals. On the other hand, Allied purposes would be best served by the develop? ment of strong Balkan states, which could offer a permanent barrier to the expansion south of the Danube by the Central Empires. Such expansion would ultimately prove fatal to the liberties of all the Balkan states. Only Bulgarian bitterness at her old allies and the rival claims to Mace? donia prevented a recognition of this fact and Joint action. Once the Allies held Byzantium, they could recon? struct the Balkan states and the Ger? man dream would end. In France, Germany had come to a standstill; her campaign had de? veloped Into a permanent deadlock, with numbers ever turning against her. Her victories In Russia had fallen short of eliminating the Czar's forces, but she was now able to dis? pose of a considerable force, which might be sent south to hack Its way through Serbia, and, through Bul? garia, plainly dallying with Berlin, reach Constantinople. She might ar rivo before the Straits had been forced, and if she did, she would then be able to turn to her own uses the hugo masses of Turks, who could not be equipped or trained because of lack of arms and munitions. Such a campaign might easily bind Bulgaria, with its Coburg Prince and it<j burning grudges, to Berlin and enlist tho strong Bulgarian army. It would neutralize Greece, with a Ger? man Queen and a Germanophile King. Greece, still at the mercy of the Al? lied navies, njlght not enlist, but she certainly would send Vonlzelos pack? ing and end all thoughts of taking the Allied shilling. Serbia would be elim? inated, Albania would furmsh a new recruiting ground. Finally Roumanla could hardly resist the double pres? sure and promise, and would come in. Germany might thus enlist new armies to restore the balance o? num? bers. Such were the considerations which fixed all attention on the Dardanelles campaign and gave to Constantinople the center of the stage of a world war, once more.?From "Crucial War Sit? uations as Autumn Begins," by Frank II. Simonds, in the American Review of Retlewa for October. GREAT TRAIN* ROBBERY TWO Men 'Hold up Baltimore & Ohio Train. Parkersburg, W. va., Oct. 8.?Two masked robben held up the Haiti more A <>hio passenger train No. 1 at Central, 50 miles east of here this morning, rifling tho mail car, and es? oaped in nn automobil??. It is report* fd thai they secured several hundred thousand dollars In unsigned cur? rency, A score of detectives have been, rushed to the scene. MAYESVILLE NEWS LETTER. Good Work Hein- Done in Seliooi; Which ExiMHrts to Add a High School Department?Locals. Mayesville, Oct. 8.?The enrollment at the Mayesville graded school is larger this session so far than in a number of years and all of the depart? ments are now working as If tho school had been open several months instead of just five weeks. The corps of teachers is an exceptionally 3trong one and much good work will be ac? complished during the session. It is hoped to add a high school depart? ment another session. The trustees of this school, Messrs. R. F. Des? Cham ps, J. F. Bland and H. L. Thom? as, are deeply interested in the work and ore aiding tho teachers in every way possible. Principal Brunson Is ably assisted by Misses Cook, Gee and Forde. Yesterday was such a wet, dull day that all business seemed at a stand? still, but with the appearance of the sun this morning everything appear? ed to take on new life. Quite a lot of cotton is being ginned and marketed and the seed buyers are again busy. Seed are bringing $35.00 per ton. The heavy rainfall has undoubtedly damaged much cotton in the fields, but it is hoped that the loss will not be appreciably large, ; s the planters have none of the crop to spare this fall. The town council recently elected new chief of police. Chief Thomas khas taken charge and appears to be "on the job1' at all times. He comes highly recommended by the Charles? ton authorities, where he served as patrolman for some time. Miss Bertie Gregg, who has been visiting Mrs. M. C. Mayes, returned to her home in Florence this morning, accompanied by Mrs. Mayes, who will spend the day in Florence. J. W. Thames, of Bishopvllle, form? erly mayor of Mayesville, was In town yesterday on business. Geo. C. Warren, of Sumter, a form? er resident here, was in town yester? day on a business trip. A. A. Strauss, of Sumter, was in town this week looking after his large property Interests here. BIG CIRCUS ANNOUNCED. Carl Hagenbeck-Wallace Slums Arc to Exhibit (Hero Soon. The billboards and dead walls about the city are announcing in all the elo? quence of pictorial art that the Carl Hagenbeck-Wallaco circus is to visit Sumter Saturday, October 23. Great interest attaches to the event, particularly so because the circus is the only tented exhibition offering an array of trained wild animals. The name Carl Hagenbeck for nearly a century has stood at the top In tho annals of wild animals Every zoo of any Importance In tho world receives Its charges from the Carl Hagenbeck headquarters at Hamburg, Germany, as well as the fact that the menageries of all circuses are similarly supplied. So much interest did the Carl Hagenbeck trained wild animals cause at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904 that Mr. E. B. Wallace, owner of the Great Wallace Circus, entered into ne? gotiations with Mr. Hagenbeck. The result was that both great institutions were united into one of the biggest tented exhibitions in the world. Year after year the two shows have gone on improving. As fast as rare and costly animals wcro captured in the jungles of the uncivilized wo-Id they have been forwarded by the agents of Carl Hagenbeck to the great Ameri? can show. But the trained wild animals which appear in an arena with tho Carl Hagenbeck-Walla j i Circus are but one feature of the big show. This year's program is one of unusual interest. An entirely new array of European ar? tists have been added and are appear? ing for the first time in the United States. Altogether there are more than 400 artists with the circus who appear In the six arenas. The big .show will give an all-new street pa? rade at 10 a. m., preceding the first exhibition. Performances are given daily at 2 and 8 p. m. STOLE BLOODHOUNDS; ROBBED STORE. St. Matthews Burglar Lutcr Left Man-Hunting Dogs Tied Mile From Town. St. Matthews, Oct. 8.?A burglar of unusual caution struck this town last night. Aware of the fact that Sheriff Hill had lately Invested in a pair of young bloodhounds, and also conscious of the fact that young bloodhounds are sometimes unsophisticated, the burglar went by the sheriff s dog jail and stole the hounds, lie then broke Into the Ht?>re room of 8, Saevltz, on Main Street, entering from the rear, where he had broken the window i bars, and stole considerable quan? tities of dry goods and Clothing. About u mile from town he tied the dog! to a tree and proceeded alone. Search is being made, but no clue has been established. The hounds weir put on the trail, but lost it at a difficult point. STATE COUNCIL CALLS ELECTION. Authorizes Yuan to Summon Popular Convention to Pas? on Change in Government for China. Peking, Oct. 8.?China's state coun? cil, acting in the capacity of a leg? islature, today forwarded to President Yuan Sh. Kai for promulgation a bill authorizing the chief executive to call a people's convention to fix China's future form of government. The second and third readings of the measure were passed yesterday. The members of the council In a message accompanying the bill rec? ommended that every opportunity be given to obtain the real opinion of the masses on the question whether China is to have a monarchial or republican form of government. Although President Yuan Shi Kai previously had taken the ground that the issue should be decided at a na- j tional convention to be held Novem ber 10, the councilors said ^hey were j convinced the people's wishes should bo considered. PLOT BY ARMY. Plan to Crown Yuan as Emperor of China Reported. London, Oct. 8.?A great military review planned in Peking to celebrate the anniversary of the republic is 3aid by the Peking correspondent of The Evening Standard to have been abandoned after discovery that mili? tary leaders Intended forcibly to crown President Yuan Shi Kai as emperor. The correspondent adds that the belief Is growing that the president will be proclaimed emperor on New Year's day. MISS ANNIE GRAHAM. Tribute by Dick Anderson Chapter, U. D. C. As a chapter It becomes our tad duty to chronicle the passing of one of our most devoted daughters and one of the loveliest and brightest characters in our community. Miss Annie Graham as a member of Dick Anderson Chapter since 1897, served the cause faithfully and loyally. As ! president for six years, she made the interests of the chapter her Interests and gave unstlntingly of her time and her energy. She was possessed of an impressive charm of personality anc* a character that left Its Imprint on r.ll who came in contact with her. She made bright? er and happier every company that she graced, and* her memory will be cherished by all her friends as a par? ticularly bright spot In their lives. "Her half day's work was done, And this was all her part. Rise, said the Master, Come unto the feast. She heard the call And arose with willing heart." Be It Resolved, That in her death, Dick Anderson Chapter, United Daughters of the Confederacy, has sustained a very great loss and its members have had to give up a true friend. Resolved, Further, That a page in the minute book be dedicated to her memory. And, Further, That the chapter ex? tend its sincere sympathy to the be? reaved mother, and that a copy of these resolutions be sent her. Resolution passed at U. D. C. meet? ing, October 6. BUILDING GIVES WAY. Jacksonville Elk's Home Extension Collapses. Jacksonville, Fla., Oct. 8.?One man is dead and tjwo probably fatally in? jured as the result of the collapsing here this afternoon of the new addi? tion being erected to the Elk's home. The dead man is Boise McGhee, negro, employed as a plasterer. The injured are George Ray, white, and a negro laborer named Simpson. Several others were Imprisoned in the ruins, but were soon extricated by liremen and police officers who re? sponded to the call for help. Accord? ing to Fire Chief T. W. Haney, all of the men at work on the building had been accounted for, but several la? borers and Others are of the opinion that other men were imprisoned be? neath the wreckage. It is believed that continued wet weather was responsible for the col? lapse of the building, because of the fact thatt he cement had been unable fact that the cement had been unable to dry. HOLD-UP FAILED. One of Rohl>ers in Jail and Other in Hospital. Birmingham, Oct. ?Tom Collier Is in a hospital with seven bullets in his body, Jim Raper is slightly wound? ed In the comity jail, as a result of a fight With a detective when they tried to hold up Louisville-Nashville train No. 7 near Doyles, a suburb, at i this morning. BLEW UP RAILROAD. British Officer Pushed Raft of Explo ?tffj Ashore and Made Breach in Line. London, Oct. 8.?How Lieut. D'Oyly Hughes, attached to a British sub? marine operating in the Sea of Mar? mora, swam from the craft pushing ahead of him a raft* bearing explosives with which he made a breach in the Turkish railway skirting the beach, is related in an official report given out here tonight. This statement, chronicling perhaps the strangest ex? perience that has befallen any man during the war, says: "His weapons consisted of an auto? matic service pistol and a sharpened bayonet. He also carried an electric torch and a whistle. The cliffs proved unscalable at the first point of land? ing. He there relaunched his raft until a less precipitous spot was reach? ed .. . .and after a stiff climb and a considerable march, he reached the culvert under which he placed a charge of explosive and lighted a fuse. He effected his escape by run? ning a mile down the railway and plunged into the sea just as the ex? plosive went off. Debris was scat? tered near him indicating that the explosion was effective." Lieut. Hughes, it is stated, then blew his, whistle to summon the sub? marine, which picked him up. MULETEERS CHARGE BARBAR? ITY. Accuse British Marines of Killing Ten Sailors From Sunken German Sub? marine. New Orleans, Oct. 7.?The local German consulate today received in? structions from Count von Bernstorff, German ambassador at Washington, to institute a rigid investigation and to forward to him affidavits signed by a foreman and four muleteers, who arrived here from Liverpool aboard the British steamship Nicosian, in which they charged that marines from the British patrol boat Beralong kill? ed the captain and ten of the crew of a German submarine after the sub? marine had been sunk. The affidavits were made by James G. Curran, Chicago; Edward Clark, Detroit; B. Emerson, Palen, N. Y., and Chas D. Hightower and R. H. Cosby of Cristal City, Texas. Capt. Manning of the N'cr-.. .n and the British consul here declined to make any comment concerning the muleteers' charges. Has Some Information. Washington, Oct. 7.?Some infor? mation regarding the incident to whic!i affidavits of the Nlcoslan's mul steers refer has been received by the state department from the British admiralty. It is of a confidential na? ture, however, and will not be made public. Secretary Lansing tonight de? clined to discuss the matter. In the absence of the ambassador, no one at the German embassy would comment on the Instructions to the New Or? leans consulate. BUSINESS BOOMS EVERYWHERE. Notable Activity in Most Depnrtinenta ?Optimism Rife All Over Country. New York, Oct. 8.?Bradstreet's to? morrow will say: "In the economic situation perform? ance follows promise at a rapid pace and as unfavorable factors are elim? inated, even lagging lines are brought in touch with the circles of growing activity. Industry shows notable ac? tivity. Shipyards are working at top speed, steel mills are producing at a rapid rate; blast furnaces are work? ing at an unparalleled gait; eight of the country's crops are of record pro? portions; this week's bank clearings reached peak point; textile m ils are on full time; woolen mills are busy; plants making munitions of war are overtaxed; flour millers are pushing production on a night and day basis to take care of home and foreign de? mands; machine tool shops arc turn? ing down orders because of inability to make deliveries; building values for September show a sharp gain over last year; our relations to In? ternational political affairs are seem? ingly more reassuring than at any time since the European war started, and almost everywhere In the country optimism is rife. Weekly bank clear? ings were $4,861,657,000." STOP AT HARTSVILLE. Distinguished Men Guests of D. R. Hartsvillc, Oct. 8.~David F. Hous? ton, secretary of agriculture, Dr. W. W. Long of Clemson college and Dr. Knapp of the United States agricul? tural department are the distinguished guests today and tonight of D. R. Coker. Their visit is in connection with farm demonstration work. This afternoon was spent by the party In automobtllng over the Coker farms and otherwise seeing and inspecting the beautiful HartPVtlle country and progressive and fine farms. He selected a brick Coker.