Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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AMERICA SENDS WARNING. Willi t \hK \nn I Mrl TU VI MAY iii HVA I ssAUV i<> I'llO TBOI AMF.RIt XX i.IVIls am) propirty. Note* tent YcMtcnluy m Great Hi H - sin ami <.crmun> in H?*>pcct to I m' of \uurlran ling and tht. Probable Sinking of American Yoscls h> (*t*niiMii submarine** arc Pructlcull> I lUnnitums. Washington. Feb. 11.?Publication tonight by the state department of texts of notes sent \> ?? i lay to Orcat Britain and Qermany. respectively, ] revealed that both aomtfftai bad been warned .in most emphatic terms against menacing the vessels or lives of American cltliens traversing the re cently proclaimed sea /ones of war. Qermany was advised that the Fnited States would be constrained to hold the Imperial government to a strict accountability for any acts of Its naval authorities which might in ? sult In the destruction of American vessels or the loss of American live? and that If such I deplorable situation should arise the American government "would take any steps that might be necessary to safeguard American lives and property." To Great Britain the I'nitcd States pointed out the measure of respon? sibility would seem to be Imposed on the British government for the lose of American vessels and lives in case of an attack by a German naval force" If England sanctioned general misuse of the American flag and thereby cast doubt upon the valid character of neutral ensigns. The notes were to have been pre aented today by Ambassador Page at London and by Ambasador Gerard at Berlin. They were prepared by Counselor Robert Lansing and revised by President Wilson and Secretary Bryan after consultation with the en? tire cabinet. The British. Spanish and Brazilian %mbaeedors were given copies of the totes, as were the ministers of Swed? en. Norway and Denmark. The docu? ments created a sensation among diplomats generally because of what some regarded as their drastic impli? cations. High officials of the American gov? ernment pointed out Informally that It had been deemed advisable to speak In unmistakable terms now rather than to await the alarming effect upon American public opinion which might ?naue from the sinking of a vessel with scores of American citizens. The notee. officials were confident, would prevent the r Itlcal poslbllltles dis? cussed In them. Diplomats examined with great in? terest the language of the communi? cations and some construed the note to Germany as a warning that tin loss of American lives l>y sinking even a belligerent merchant ship v >wN be covered In the representations of the American government because of the Insistence that all merchant ships must bo visited and searched and passengers taken off before ships can he sunk. In discussing the notes today, of? ficials pointed out that representa? tions to Great Britain were not based specifically on the use by tho Lusi tanla of the American flag or au other ship because It was not a rar ruse of war to hoist a neutral II.tg when escaping capture, and vessels If both sides among tie belligerents to the present war already had made such use of them, as had American vessels In previous wars. The dis Unction emphasized was that, ashb from the legal propriety, which 9 reserved for future a^eCueetoa, general misuse of a neutral tlug k$ a bellig? erent was a violation of International comity end nelghborllness. liable to produce serious dangers for the neutral. He rulr at international m* exists against the practice. officials added. but the United States con? strues It as a moral obligation upon belligerents *t ? avoid the general use of neutral flags, particularly under such circumstances as now exist. As for the communication with Ger? many, officials said they were acting under specifically recognized prin? ciple* of international law in point? ing out the dangers to American citi sens which would follow attacks on merchant vessels without first use. r talning the validity of the em?.I. m flown by the vessel. Although then was no explicit referonce In the sjejtei to what would be the uttitude of tb. Fnited States towards the loss of American lives if a belligerent no r chant man were sunk, it was made pluln by officials thru neutrals travel Ing on heilig? rent ships had a right to expect that enemy vessels wouh conform to International practica; o ? 'fferlng opportunity to gegsjengsi snd crew or all nationalities to l.. taken to a place of ggfet* gefnfg de stroylug a ship as n prize of war. Tbe gejggg had bejea under eonsld< eration for se.ei il di\s. The admin Istratlon's attitude Was dlseussed a lenath l?v President Wilson with hi *d\i*er? sjsjg th?? aauunualeallor were not given Dm Ir tun dm.| I?.... h< uotd late yvstvrday. At llrul it w;? intended to mrmno'tho note to Ger? many merely io an Inquiry m to what ?tOPi would be taken to verily the character of ships Hying neutral (lags, pointing out the Mrloui dangers which might ensue from mistakes in i his co n nect' on. But when the Ger? man Qglot memorandum arrived giv? ing what seemed to he thi mature dc lil>eratlons of the government on the subject, the Washington administra? tion decided to lame its warning Im? I!'.. . 11.11 t 1 \ . No joint action with other neutral governments has boon taken or is un d- r contemplation. There has been in? timate discussion of the course of the American government with the minis? ters ami ambassadors of neutral coun? tries, hut in line with traditional American policy no combined express sion with other governments will be in ole. Both aotoa, it is believed, will open the subject of the use of neutral Hags and suhmarlne warfare OH merchant ships to a long diplomatic corespond encc, which may furnish the basis for International rules on the subject at conferences at the war's end. It is one of the subjects also which the Pan American union will consider in its investigation of the rights of neutrals as opposed to those of belligerents. The full texts of the notes as made puld.c at the state department tonight follows: Feb. 10, 1915. "The secretary of state has instruct ed American Ambasador Gerard at Merlin to present to the German de? partment a noto to the following ef? fect: "The government of the United States having had its attention dirt .t ed to the proclamation of the German admiralty Issued on the 4th Of Febru? ary that the waters surrounding Great Britain and Ireland, Including the whole of tho English channel, are to be considered as comprised within the seat of uar that all enemy mer? chant vessels found in those waters after the 18th inst. <1 be destroyed although It may not always be pos? sible to save crews and passengers; and that neutral vessels expose them? selves to danger within this zone of war hocause, in view of the misuse of neutral tlags said to have been ren? dered by the British government on the 31st of January and of the con? ti ngencies of maritime warfare, it may not be possible always to exempt neu? tral vessels from attacks intended to strike enemy ships, feels it to be its duty to call the attention of the Im? perial German government with sin? cere respect and the most friendly sentiments, but very candidly and earnestly, to the very serious possi? bilities of the course of action appar? ently contemplated under that proc? lamation. " The government of the United States views those possibilities with u h i;ra\(- concern that it feels it to ho its privilege and indeed its duty In the circumstances to request the im? perial German government to consid? er, before action Is taken, the critical situation in respect of the relation be? tween this country and Germany which might arise were the German naval forces, in carrying out the pol? icy foreshadowed in the admiralty's proclamation, to destroy any mer? chant vessel of the United States or cause the death of American citizens. " 'It is of course not necessary to remind the German government that t he sole right ol a helligeront In deal? ing with neutral vessels on the high seas is limited to visit and search, un? less a blockade is proclaimed and ef? fectively maintained, which this gov? ernment does not understand to be proposed In this case. To declare or exercise a right to attack and destroy any voooeJ entering ? prescribed area of the high st as without lirst certainly determining its belligerent nationality and the contrahand character of its ? irgo would he an act so unpreccdent I In naval warfare that this govern? ment is reluctant to believe that the Imperial government of Germany in this case contemplates it as possible.' " 'The suspicion that enemy ships ire natal neutral llagf Improperly can 1 i t ute no just presumption that all ships traversing a prescribed area are subject to the s;\me suspicion. It is to determine exactly such questions hat this government understands the right <>f visit and March to have been recognized. *? This government ha< carefully noted the explanatory statement la? med bj the imperial Gorman govern? ment at the mm lime with the proe imatlon of the Gorman admiralty tnd takes this occasion to remind the mporial German government Very lo? rn''' Hull , that t hi government of the I nlted States is open to none of the 'rltleiami of unneutral action to a hielt the German government be level the government! of certain ?Iber neutral nations have laid them elves open; that the government of ie United states has not oonaentod o or acituteeced in any measure . hlch m iv have boon taken by the ?ther bridge rent nations in the pres? ent war which uperatef to restrain icutral trade, but has, on the con rar... taken in all SUCh matters a |m?? item whlek warrants it in holding kmm governments n ijpoueible at th< propel* "way for any untoward effects on American shipment which accept? ed principles oi international law do not justify; and that it therefore re? gards itself as free, in the present In? stance, to take with a clear conscience ami upon accepted principles,the po? sition Indicated in this note. " if the Commandern of German vessel! of war should act upon the presumption that the Hag of the United States was not being used in good faith and should destroy on the high seas an American vessel or the lives Ol American citizens it would I be difficult for the government of* the Unltfd states to view the act in any other light than as an indefensible violation of neutral rights which it would ve very hard Indeed to recon? cile with the friendly relations now so happly existing between the two governments, " if such a deplorable situation should arise the imperial German government can reo. .lily appreciate that the government, of the United States would he constrained to hold the imperial German government to a strict accountability for such acts of their naval authorities and to take any steps it might be necessary to take to safeguard American lives and property and to secure to American citizens the full enjoyment of their acknowledged rights on the high seas. " 'The government of the United States, in view of these considerations, which it urges with the greatest r spent and with the sincere purpose of making sure that no misunderstand? ing may arise and no circumstance occur that might even cloud the in? tercourse of the two governments, ex? presses the confidence and expecta? tion that the imperial German gov? ernment can and will give assurance that American citizens and their ves? sels will not be molested by the naval forces of Germany otherwise than by visit and search, though their vessels may be traversing the sea area de? limited in the proclamation of the admiralty. \* it is added for the information of the imperial government that repre? sentations have been made to his Bri? tannic majesty's government in re? spect to the unwarranted use of the American flag for the protection of British ships.' " February 10, 1915. "The secretary of state has instruct? ed Ambassador Page at London to present to the British government a note to the following effect: " 'The department has been advised of the declaration of the German ad? miralty on February 4 Indicating that the British government had on Jan? uary 31 explicitly authorized the use of neutral flags on British merchant vessels presumably for the purpose of avoiding recognition by German naval forces. The department's attention also has been directed to reports in the press that the captain of the Lusl tanla, acting upon orders or informa? tion received from the British ad? miralty, used the American llag in approach to the British coast in or? der to avoid anticipated, attack by German submarines. Today's press reports also contain an alleged official statement of the foreign office defend? ing the use of the llag of a neutral country by a belligerent vessel in or? der to escape chpture or attack by an enemy. " 'Assuming that the foregoing re? ports are true, the government of the L'nited States, reserving for future consideration the legality and pro? priety of the deceptive use of the flag of a neutral power in any case for the purpose of avoiding capture, desires very respectfully to point out to his Britannic majesty's government the serious consequences which may re? sult to American vessels nttd Ameri? can citizens if this practice is con? tinued. " 'The occasional use of the Hag of a neutral or an enemy under the stress of immediate pursuit and to de? ceive an approaching enemy, which appears by the press reports to be rep? resented as the precedent and justifi? cation used to support this action, seems to this government a very dif? ferent thing from an explicit sanc? tion by a belligerent government for its merchant ships generally to fly the Mag of a neutral power within cer? tain portions of the high seas which are presumed to be frequented with hostile Warships. The formal declara? tion of BUCh a policy of general mis? use of a neutral's Hag jeopardizes the vessels <?f the neutral visiting those waters In a peculiar degree by raising the presumption thai they are of be llgerenl nationality regardless of the llag which, they may carry. " 'In view of the announced purpose of the German admiralty to engage in ictiva naval operations In certain de? limited sea areas adjacent to the coasts <?! Great llrltaln and Ireland. Hie government of the United states would view with anlxoui solicitude any general use of the dag of the l'nited stales by British vessels tra? versing those waters. A policy such i i the one w hich his majesty's govern? ment is said to Intend to udopt, would, if the declaration of the German ad? miralty he put in forCO, it seems Icar, afford no protection w British vessels, while it would he a serious and constant men ice to the lives and vessels of American citlxens. " 'The goernment of the United j States therefore trusts that his ma.i Olty'S government will do all in their power to restrain vessels of British nationally from deceptive use of the Hag of the United States in the area defined in the German declaration since such practice would greatly en? danger the vessels of a friendly power navigating these waters and would even seem to impose on the government of Great Britain a meas? ure of responsibility for the loss of American lives and vessels in case of an attack by a German naval force. " 'You will impress upon his majes? ty's government the grave concern which this government feels In the circumstances in regard to the safety of American vessels and lives in the war zones declared by the German admiralty. 11 'You may add that this govern? ment Is making earnest representa? tions to the German government in re? gard to the danger to American VOS vesls if the decision of the German admiralty is put into effect " CURB MARKET NOTES. Scats to Be Provided?Market Baskets Suggested. From The Daily Item, Feb. 12. Yesterday's curb market was well well attended by farmers with a va? riety Of foodstuffs, beef, pork, and pork products particularly. The number of consumers patronizing the farmers was considered good. But there is room for a greater number of customers yet. Tomorow is ex? pected to see many farmers on the curb market, and consumers can gov? ern themselves accordingly. The farmers are doing their full duty towards the curb market, and if this instittuion, which is experimental as yet, is to be maintained to assist in reducing the high cost of living in Sumter, and to encourage the farm? ers to diversify farm products, and "live at home" on the farm, then it is up to the citizens of Sumter to pa? tronize and to work for the curb mar? ket patronage. Mr. L. W. Jenkins, superintendent of the court house grounds said yes? terday that he would have a number of the iron park seats transferred to the outer edge of the park facing on the Canal street sidewalk, where the curb market is located, for tho con? venience and comfort of the patrons of the market. It has been suggested that every lady customer of the curb market purchase a market basket. It looks more like you are going "a market? ing" when you have a market basket swung over your arm. The basket serves also to attract the attention of others who may have forgotten to at? tend market, and the basket also serves the purpose of advertising the curb market. If your fellow female citizens see you going to or coming from the curb market with a market basket on your arm she or they will surely ask where you are going or have been. It is getting to be considered as "quite the thing" to fl i your own marketing. Many pleasant moments may be spent on the curb market as hundreds of ladies and gentlemen at? tend the market every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday and you may combine business with pleasure on this fast growing and popular Sum? ter institution. Some of our good friends and neighbors among the farmers of our sister county of Clarendon have been for a short time laboring under a mis? taken impression that the Clarendon county producers were not permitted to dispose of their products on the Sumter curb market, and it is reliab? ly reported that a few of Clarendons wide-awake farmers have been re? maining away from Suinter's curb market because of this report. Mr. J. Li. Haynsworth, of the Sum? ter Dry Goods Company was informed a few i lys ago by a prominent farmer and producer of Clarendon county, one who has been selling his produce on the Sumter market, and doing his trading in Sumter for many years, that the report had been circulated among Clarendon county farmers as above stated, and that the Clarendon producers felt aggrieved at being bar? red from the Sumter curb market. Mr. Haynsworth immediately took this question up with Retail Deal? ers' Association president. President J. Z. llearon, of the Sum? ter Retail Dealers' Association had Secretary Reardon, of the Bumtei Chamber of commerce to get busy writing the Clarendon county farmers who informed Mr. Haynsworth of the report, that this was a wrong impres? sion, and there Is no discrimination against Clarendon or farmers of any county In Sumter by the municipal authorities or curb market promoters. The commercial secretary Immedi? ately wrote Mr. \i. It. DuHant, of Clarendon thai the Clarendon county and producers of other nearby coun? ties are heartily welcome on the Hum tor curb market to dispose of any commodities actually produced by the parlies offering same lor wale, und that his Information, officially receiv? ed, is that there is no license fee charged for selling produce of any kind raised or grown by the party selling same. However, as stated in these col? umns for information of producers of? fering produce on the streets of Sum? ter, whether at the curb market, or elsewhere in this city, an individual who does not raise cattle or hogs, but purchases them from others and then fattens and offers the same as beef or pork or pork products is not consider? ed a producer and must pay a license fee charged by the city license ordi? nance. The license fees for those who are not producers are regulated by city ordinances under the legislative pow? ers and duties of the city council. The advocates and promoters of the Sum? ter curb market have no authority whatsoever to regulate the license system. frei: bulletins for farmers. liain and Practical Literature Which Clemson College is Prepared to Dis? tribute. Clemson College, Feb. 11.?Ad? vice that is the result of information gained through painstaking experi? ments and extensive research is the sort of advice that is contained in the bulletin which Clemson College sends free to any citizen of the State who requests them. The college be? lieves that South Carolina farmers may place thorough reliance upon the statements contained in these bulletins. The South.i Carolina Experiment Station has made a revised list of such bulletins as are available for dis? tribution. Some of the titles are given I below:" No. 95. The milk scales, milk sheet and Babcock test. No. 103. Coast experiments. No. 109. Notes on varieties of apples. No. 114. A wasting disease of young cattle. No. 116. Methods of spraying cu? cumbers and melons. No. 125. Water content, melting point and keeping quality of butter. No. 129. Improvement of the wood lot. No. 130. Methods of eradicating cattlo tick. No. 133. Report of coast land ex? periments. No. 139. Milk fevc, its prevention and treatment. No. 140. Some conditions influenc? ing cotton production. , No. 141. Treatment of plant di eases and injurious insects in South Carolina. No. 142. Stomach worm disease of sheep and young cattle. No. 144. Celery. No. 146. Sweet potato work in 1908. No. 118. Experiments with hybrid cottons. No. 150. Farm management for controlling field crop insects. No. 151. Soils and fertilizers. No. 152. Hog cholera and serum method treatment. No. 155. Corn and cotton wire worms. \ No. 156. The formation of sugars and starch in sweet potatoes. No. 157. Permanent lawns for the South. No. 158. The apple tree tent cater? pillar. No. 159. A chemical study of cer? tain sandhill soils of South Carolina. No. 161. The bud-worm of corn. No. 162 Experiments with varieties of cotton. No. 163. Changes in composition of oat plant as it approaches ma? turity. No. 164. Cotton anthrocnose. Xo. 165. Cotton anthracnose. No. 166. Home gardening in South Carolina. No. 167. Reclamation of crawfish lands. No. 168. Hog cholera and its con? trol. No. 169. Feeding beef cattle in South Carolina. No. 170. The corn weevil. No. 171. Analysis of commercial fertilizers. No. 172. Fertilizers. No. 173. Potash in mixed fertiliz? ers. No. 174. A little-known lantern fly of corn. No. 175. The cotton root louse. No. 176. Practical orchard pruning. No 178. Fertilizer experiments at Summerville. florida murderer captur? ed. Clyde Stover Confesses Murder of Alon/.o and Horace Gardner. Johnson City, Tonn., Feb. 12.?Clyde BtOVer, a negro SUBped captured here has confessed to the murder of Alonzo and Horace Gardner, near Palatka, Fla. The victims wi re wealthy resi? dents of Massachusetts, who were touring Florida In a launch. Earthquake at Panama. Tana ma. Feb. 12.?A slight earth? quake shook the canal zone today but no dttiuuKe was done. DRIVEN OUT OF MEXICO. Minister from Bpnta ExpeJtoi from Southern Republic hy Carranza, May Have Serious Consequences. Washington, F?b. 11.?Jose Caro, Spanish minister to Mexico, has been summarily expelled from Mexico City by Gen. Carranza. Tonight he was believed to be op his way to Vera Cruz, where the American battleship Delaware lies in the harbor with in? structions to offer him a refuge. News that the minister had been given 24 hours from last midnight to leave Mexico because he is alleged to have sheltered Angel de Caso, a Spanish subject accused of aiding Villa, came to the state department late today. After hurried conferences between Secretary Bryan and the Spanish and Brazilian ambasadors here, Secretary Daniels cabled Capt. Bogers of the Delaware to take Min? ister Caro on board and await orders. Consul Canada at Vera Cruz won dl rested to give the ?minister every as? sistance. When Minister Caro received Car ranza's notice he immediately pre? pared to start for Vera Cruz, expect? ing to sail for Habana to await in? structions from his government. An American warship will take him to Cuba unless a merchant ship bound that way puts in at Vera Cruz within a day -or two. While Carranza's note explained to the minister that no offense was in? tended against the Spanish govern? ment or people, the right of asylum to nationals of a foreign government is a long established rule, and the de? portation of a diplomat for granting this right, it was suggested in diplo? matic circles here tonight, might re? sult in serious complications. -, i FIRE DAMAGES HOME. Residence of Mr. A. A. Brad bam Par? tially Destroyed by Flames. From The Daily Item, Feb. 12. Shortly before 8 o'clock last night the fire department answered a call frqm Church and Broad street, the fire proving to be at the residence of Mr. A. A. Bradham. on North Church street. The fire was confined princi? pally to the upper story of the dwell? ing, where it originated, the roof be? ing ignited by waste material falling on it from a "burning out" chimney. Most of the damage, however, re? sulted from water, a great deal of furniture being drenched before it could be moved. All of the furniture from the lower floor and most of that from the upper floor was taken out before the flames had a chance at it. The furniture was partially insured. The house is owned by W. T. Row? land, of Columbia. It could n^t be learned whether or not Mr* Rowland carried any insurance, but it la thought that he did. ITALY WITH UNCLE SAM. Virtually Same Representations Made to Germany as Those From United States. Rome, Feb. 14.?Italy has made virtually the same representations to Germany as did the United States concerning neutral shipping in the German sea war zone, it was made known today. Italy, however, limited her action to friendly observations through the Italian ambasador to Germany. Italy maintained the right to her ships lo proceed without moles? tation further than the ascertaining of the nationality of the people on board and the quality of the cargoes, unless Germany can make the block? ade effective. Our Foreign Advertising is in Charge of Jacobs & Co., Clinton, S. C, SOLICITING OFFICES: Now York?118 E. 28th St.E. L. Gould Chicago?-420 Advertising Bldg.-.W. B. Poroher Detroitr?Motel Taller.C. L. Wiuu St. Lonlg?1500 Central Natl. Bank Bldg.. II. K. Gammon Nashville?Ml 8th Ave. N.J. II.Riddle. Jr. Atlanta?w ealey Memorial BldK._.j. B. Keoegli Ashevtlle, N. C?421 8. Mein st.(J. R. I.igon Philadelphia?1421 Are!? st.A.O'DanlH Richmond, Vs.?Murphy Hotel...J. W. Ligou RAT CORN Best rat and mleo exterminator made. Kills quickly alhl gbsolule] y with??"todor. Mummifiea?thus preventing deeompoal* nun. netter than all the trapa In the sroi-ut. laalston Genuine it IT torn. - M .Goe, fi ai dealer* or by mail, nost i pan!. V BOTANICAL MFC. CO. 4th 4% ?ac* Ma* Phila4*lmhim, /Sa