Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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KttlR? BIREGTJLECTIOH. -I N I N I I I Mil \MI\DM1M TO THK C ONSTITl TION lb ADOFTKD. Taken || Out of Power of legislature* of State*?l?aA?uge >l *i km Knd of l*nng Agitation for Change in Meth? od. Washington, April g.?Direct elec? tion of l uited States senators by the people was authorised and made com? pulsory today when the Connecticut legislature 1 stifled the constitutional gmendrntnt submitted by congress more '.nan a year ago. Ratification 1 already has been given by 35 States. | The shMatio'i that results through? out the cou sty where legislatures have adjou'ned until 1915 is such as to leave confusion in the minds of members of the senate as to how the early steps towards direct elec? tion of senatorr will be carried out. While the proclamation of the sec? retary of state announcing final rati? fication of the amendment by *3 8tates is required by law, Senators Hristow and Borah, leaders in the di? rect elections tight in congress, ex? pressed the opinion today that the amendment is for all practical pur? pose* now a part of the constitu? tion. "Any man who may be elected to the Senate hereafter must be elected directly," said Senator Borah. The new amendment gives to the State legislature, however, the right to'preeeribe the methods for electing senators. Many legislatures have ad? journed and will not reconvene until early Ir DUO. a few weeks before the terms of over 30 senators expire. It le expected that In many States Um legislatures will adop the plan au? thorised in the new amendment and direct the governors to appoint sena? tors temporarily, until the people can elect men at regularly called elections. Special sessions of the legislatures will be urged In many states, so that the necessary laws can be passed before the general elections of 1914. In, some States action has alrady been taken or will be before the legislatures end their present sessions, authorising the people to vote Tor senators at next year's election. The choice of senator in Maryland for the place now held by Senator Jackson would have been made by the !??, r'ature r,.?xt year under the old system A special session of the Maaytand legislature would ba neces? sary i< ? taws by which a pop ul tr ? ,. < Ho!, could occur next year In the opinion of members of the senate no successor can be appointed tr? the governor under the new provi? sion when Senator Jackson's term ex plrea unless the legislature shall have especlaly directed such action. The new amendment to the consti? tution, for t e popular election of Cn?Ud States senators, Is the 17th to be adopted It reads: The senate of the United S ates shafl be composed of two senators frogs each State, elected by the peo? ple thereof, for six years; and each senator shall have one vote. The electors In each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislature. "When vacancies happen kt aas representation of any State #w fha senate, the executive authority of stf*^ State shall Issue writs of election to fill such vacancies, provided that the legislature of any State may em? power the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the peo? ple All the vacancies by election us the legislature may direct." The amendment primarily transfers the power of electing senators from the State legislature to the people at the polls. To eff er t this <hange M was necessary to alter the mschlaery for the tilling of vacancies In the sen? ate. For morethan 60 years proposals have been made to change the con? stitution so as to provide for the di? rect election of senators It was not, however, until June 21. 1911, that the senate was Induced for the f\r*i time In Ms history to glv?> Um con? sent to the change. < >n that day It Vagfat kl submit to the States the pro? pound gsssaadsaafst Tho raaatatlaa to mit.mit had already passed the hOtf I tn i somewhat different form. Bel ? ?? adjournment of the session. both houses ggjtaad to the language to kg srageaysd. ,?nd th?? resolution vas ?ifponitad Bjtih i kg a i nwhat f mi Mats Mag lt. Iftlg, tor distribution among the St at. * J to- ertglaal theory in satahlsihtagi the ehol? e of senator* wiim that they represented the States, whereas the members of the hou*e raagggggdjad the people of their districts. It was be cause of this theory of tin* Stntr oh a unit tbut all States, large an I small. wrre given equal raatsaaatallon |g the senute. Raads Wsjgdl havlag th? same number as New York or Penn? sylvania. In the lltaaf) of the ion ?tltutlon frarners this entltv g| tie State was thus mads more dtstUfe t an? der the federal system, and the Mats legislature was r*gardjad ai las sail able medium tor expressing this Stale entity. Later it *us > ont? nde.l that State entity would still be pre? served If the people of the entire State, instead of the legislature. chose UM senators, and this view has now been accepted as the basis of the new system. In 1826 the first action was taken in congress looking to a change. In that year Representative Storrs of New York introduced a resolution making senators elective by the peo? ple. Another resolution of similar import was introduced by Representa? tive Wright of Ohio, in 1829. In 1850 Senator Clemens of Alabama intro? duced the first senatorial direc t clec tion resolution in the senate. Noth? ing resulted from these movements. It was Andrew Johnson who revive*! congressional agitation for the direct elect.on of senators. As a member of the >iouse of representatives, he in? troduced two resolutions for the change, and in 1860 renewed the agitation as a member of the senate. In 1868, as president, he sent a spe? cial message to congress advocating the measure, and then repeated his recommendations in bis annual mes? sage. The subject was revived in 18T3, 1876. 1886 and 1888, but without suc? cess. In 1893 the bOugsj agreed to the proposition, as it did In the succeed? ing congress, and still again in 1898, 1900 and 1902. The proposed change on none of these occasions won a favorable report from committees In the senate. With the house thus arrayed year after year in favor of the change, the senate became the battleground. Sen? ator Bristow of Kansas took the lead In ndvocacy of umendlng the consti? tution along this line. In December, 1909, he introduced his first resolu? tion. A year later he obtained a re? port from the committee, but a fea? ture had been tacked onto his pro? posal which brought on a fight in the senate, threatened to kill the entire proposition. This interposed feature was to amend other provisions of the constitution so as to deprive the fed? eral government of powe- to super? vise the State regulations as to the time and manner of election. The votes of Southern senators threatened to defeat tho main proposition if the federal government was given this power. Senator Root made u speech, In which he criticised the method employed by Southern States in de? priving negroee of the right of suf? frage. Senator Bacon replied that the federal government was being given the power once more to enact "force bills" and send armies and marshals into Southern States to intimidate voters. On February 28, juts before the end of tho session, the resolution was defeated by four votes. Senator Bristow relntroduced the resolution In the special session im? mediately following. Tho fight of the preceding session was refougbt, hut this time the friends of the resolu? tion won by a voto of 64 to 24, or five more thi.n the required two thirds. The house had passed a resolution which made it clear the federal gov? ernment wo? not to Interfere with sen? atorial elections In the States. For weeks the measure was in conference. Finally the house conferees receded and the house agreed to the senate measure by a vote of 237 to 39. Previous to this time, the several States had taken the bit in their teeth by enacting laws which in effect did not wuit for a constitutional amendment on the subject. Probably the most successful of these was adopted in Oregon. It virtually di? rected the members of the legisla? ture to elect the person who received the majority vote at the regular elec? tion, when the placing of the name of a candidate for United States sen? ator upon the tic ket was authorized. The control of legislatures by great corporations was assigned by Sena? tor Bristow as ono of the main rea? sons for the demanded change. "With the development during recent times of the great corporate interests of the country," said he, "and the increased Importance of legislation relating to their affairs, they have tenaciously sought to control tho election of sen? ators friendly to their interests. The powef of these great financial and In? dustrial institutions ?an be very ef? fectively used in tin- eloetlon ??r sena? tors by legislators ami they have many times during recent years used thai power In a most reprehensible und scandalous manner. Th?y have ?petit enomtOUfl amounts of mone y in ort opting legislatures to elect to the senate no li of their own choosing." Oge of the itiMt speeches made in the senate during the 10-year cru? sade for the ( ham;e in favor of the direct election was by Senatoi Turple of Indiana in that speech he de? clared I hat the election of senators by legislatures v\;m the one blemish on ttie democracy which wuh un bodied in the American government One of tin- gioal notable speechei e\. i made In opposition to the change vs.ts that Of Senator Hoar of Massa i bus. tts in iv.?I, lie stated the ob? ee( al the election of senators by leg? labttures Instead of bv the people had been to remove one of the two bodies of legislation "from the operation ol the Meeting passloas of the hour, to lay its foundation belOW the frost and to remove the appointment of the men who are to compose it, ai far gi may be, from tin- temporary excite? ments which so often move the peo? pie to their own harm." "I am not afraid to say to tho American people that it is dangerous to trust any great power of govern ment to their direct or Inconsiderate control," he added. "I am not afraid to tell them not only that their sober second thought is better than their hasty action, but that a government which is exposed to the hasty action of a people is the worst and not the beet government on earth." No legislation by congress will be necessary to put the change into ef? fect. It will be incumbent upon the various States to see to it that proper provision is made by the names of senators going on the rugular ballots. Should any State fall to do so, it has been suggetsed that congress might exercise its power of supervis j ing that State's voting regulations so I as to require thq name to be placed on the ballots. The first senator! to be elected by the new method will be those who take their seats for the term begin? ning March 4, 1915. They will be elected at tho November elections of | 1914. The first 33 States to ratify the ' amendment were: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana*. Iowa?. Kansas, Maine, Massa- j chusetts, Michigan, Minnesota. Mis souri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, \ New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ore? gon, South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, Washington, Wset Virginia, Wisconsin and Wyoming. Pennsylvania was the 34th State to ratify the amendment and Tennessee the 35th. REPORT OF THE CONDITION OF Tho First National Hank of Sumtcr, at Sumtcr, in the State of South Carolina, at the Close of Business, April 1. 1913. RESOURCES. Loans and discounts .. ..$504,355.57 Overdrafts, secured and unsecured. .. 3,920.02 XT. S. Bonds to secure cir? culation. 25,000.00 Other bonds to secure Pos? tal savings. 4,000.00 Bonds, securities, etc.. .. 18,200.00 Banking house, furniture and fixtures. 2,000.00 Other real estate owned . 1,162 00 Due from National banks (not reserve ugents) . . 5,072.70 Due from approved Re? serve Agents. 24,817.65 Checks and other cash items. 2,000.30 "Notes of other National banks. 2,200.00 Fractional paper currency, nickels und cents. 795.25 lawful money reserve in bank, viz: Specie. . 15,123.00 Redemption fund with U. S. Ttreasurer (5 per cent of Circulation). 1,250.00 Total.$010,503.75 LIABILITIES: Capital stock paid In.. ..$100,000.00 Surplus fund.100,000.00 Undivided profits, less ex? penses and taxes paid.. . 13,748.94 National hank notes out? standing.35,000.00 Due to other National banks. 410.53 Due to State and Private hanks and bankers . . . . 1,020.00 Individual deposits sub? ject to check. 322,801.58 i Cashier s checks out? standing. 1.919.14 Postaisavings deposits.. . 596.90 Notes and bills redis counted. 45,000.00 Total.$010,503.75 STATU OF SOUTH CAROLINA, County of Bumter. I, J. L. McCallum. Cashier of the above named bank, do solemnly swear that the above statement is true to tin' best of my knowledge and belief. J. L. MeCALLUM, Cashier. Subscribed and sworn to before me this Ith day of April. 1913. QeOi It. Ricker, Notary Public. Correct Attest! NFILL n l>< ?NNELL, H. D BARNETT, OE< >. r. BPPBRSt >N. Directors. i - Straight at It. There Is no use of our "beating around the bush." We might us well out uitii it first as last. We wunt you to try Chamberlain's Cough Remedy the next time you have a cough or (obi There Is no reason so t;tr as we ? an see why son should not do so. This preparation by its remarkable cures has gained o world-wide repu tutlon, and people everywhere speak of it in the highest terms of praise. It Is fur sale by all dealers. Advt. A tennis club h:cs been organize) i at the Y. M. <\ A to play off II tout ney on the Y M V A court dor I |ng I he . uiurr ?*r l FARMERS' UNION NEWS Practical Thoughts for Practical Farmer*. (Conducted by K. W. Dabbe, Pres Ident s>. C, Farmers Unlea.) STATE WAREHOUSE AND GOV ERNMENt AID IN MAR? KETING. A Strong Statement by Mr. Clarence Ousley. A friend has sent nie an article by ? Mr. Clarence Ousley, of Dullns, Texas, of which the following extracts cov? er the salient points of resemblance between his and my line of reasoning in favor of a State system of cotton warehouses and governmental aid in marketing. It is significant of the trend of opinion and study of this subject by our people, that the situ? ation in the extremes of the Cotton Belt, he in the west and I in the east, never having met or communicated with each other, our reasoning and conclusions are practically identical. Take his analysis of the savings to be effected, not counting anything to be gained by a better loan system; the reforms to begin at the gin. A commission of three with the dignity and even greater power than the rail? road commission, so as to absolutely regulate the business, the elimina? tion of country damage, and kindred waste. And most significant of all the paragraph when he answers the objection on the score of paternal? ism. "If the State is authorized to I spend money for increasing produc? tion for the benefit of the farmer and j for the feeding of an increasing pop- | ulation, then it is authorized to spend money in developing a system of marketing for the profit of the farm? er and for the enhancement of the value of our chief source of wealth." n e * That his reasoning and ours are so similar is good evidence that it is not as a Senator of South Carolina Haid, "Only Mr. Dgbbs and a small number , of men that met and asked for this , bill," but that the best thought of the South sees in such a system the log? ical and inevitable and equitable so? lution of the problem of marketing. ? e e I wish there were space for the en? tire article by Mr. Ousley, being his remarks before a committee of the Texas Legislature, for there are many valuable suggestions that dif? fer in detail from the South Carolina Farmers' Union Warehouse bill, and might be the means of meeting the objections of some friends of the pro? posed bill who could not see how our bill would work out satisfactorily, but who were in favor of the general idea. e * e I hope to have short articles from Mr. Ousley, and others covering the J salient features of such a system from . time to time on this page. But I do not want the local Unions to depend i on, or wait for a State warehouse system to sovo them from their fol i ly In depending on outside sources I of help. The letters telling what the locals are doing are beginning to j come in from Tennessee and North Carolina. Are the locals in the other States of Progressive Farmer terri? tory dead j Ousley Favors Plan of State Ware? house. j The Federal Department of Com? merce estimates that the "city crop" amounts to 100,000 bales a year. The "city crop" consults Of the samples and pickings from the cuts made in the bale for the purpose of sampling. Cotton is worth today, on the basis Of middling $00 a bale, making D total loss to the farmer in the "city crop" of $0,000.000. After the bale is thus mutilated for sampling pur? poses, and usually it is sampled more j than once, it must be patched, and this patching and the incident waste in the yards and at the compresses. ! costs an average of 50 cents a bah-, making an aggregate on the present crop of $7.000,000. The Federal Department of Com? merce estimates the country damage, due to exposure in open yards, at $2 a bale. Assuming at hast one-third of the crop, or 4,600,000 hales, is ex? posed t<? country damage, that amounts to $9,000,000 more. Excessive Tan'. On account of ragged baling and the dirt and injury occasioned by ex? posure at the sampling boles, the tare or deduction for wrapping, which the spinners make m buying cotton, is 6 per cent, or 30 pounds on a 500-pound bale The nctual weight of the han? ging and ties will average nut to ex? ceed 20 pounds, and it the bale were properly wrapped and were not ex* posed to in.mi > by sampling, the tare would be rcdui t*d at leas! ten pounds, or $1.25 a bale, at present prices, and I this would amount on the present 1 rop ? to $ 1 8,800,000, It is conservatively reckoned thai the cost of buying cott.ut on th? 1 treets, under the present system, or lack of system, is 50 cent! a bale. With cotton stored in warehouses where the agents of spinners could buy In lots of from 100 to 1,000 hales, Instead of bale by bale on the street corners, this expense could be reduc? ed one-lialf, and make IS cents ? bale, or $0,600,000. These items aggre? gate $4 2,000,000. oi $1 a bah- on the present crop of 14,000,000. A careful study extending over sev? eral months, during which time I have taken the pains to verify all my investigations and reduce them to the most conservative basis, convince me that a proper warehouse system will reduce the total expense to $1 a bale, or less, and that would make a sav? ing on the current crop of the differ? ence between $14,000,000 ano $4 2. 000,000, or B net gain of $28,000,000. I make no allowance in this calcula? tion for misgrading or unjust classi? fication of cotton which is now class i ed entirely by the spinners or their agents. Many men believe that In classification alone the farmers lose as much as $1 a bale on the average. L make no calculation either of the result to ensue from the be ter se? curity which cotton in storage would offer for loans or for the profit to come to the farmer by reason of be? ing able to handle his product more intelligently and sell it to the best advantage. The reform to be accomplished un? der a proper warehouse system, regu? lated by a State warehouse comm ? sion, should begin at the gin. The ginner should be under bond to take from the cotton a true sample before the bale is packed. That sample should go to the warehouse in a pock? et or package attached to the bale or identified by a corresponding numer? al, ar:u there graded by a compe? tent person authorized by the State to certify the grade. There 1.? no earth? ly reason why, by a process, the cot? ton crop should not be sold and de? livered to the spinner without cut? ting the bale. Grain is sold upon a certificate of Inspection, and cotton can be sold in a like manner. The warehouse inspector should be put under bond, or the warehouse corpor? ation handling the cotton should be required to guarantee the weight and grade, because nobody should expect the spinner to pay for what lie do< not receive or upon a basis of a high? er grade than the actual grade. Save Loss by Sampling. It will readily be seen that if the bale were not cut for 'sampling we would at once eliminate all the loss j of the so-called "city crop," all the expense and waste of patching and would present to the spinner a bale of cotton so free from dirt and injury that he would readily agree to accept it at the actual weight of the baling and ties and thereby eliminate the present excess of tare. There would remain then two other items of j waste, the country damage and the expense of buying, which I am con? fident would disappear as soon as the warehouse system became thorough? ly established and producers and con? sumers alike came to understand the economy and simplicity of its oper? ation. There should be a State Warehouse Commission of three men. and the commission should have the dignity and even greater powers than the Railroad Commission, so as to abso? lutely regulate the business. If the commission would In this manner certify to weights and grades, prac? tically the entire crop of the South would go through the warehouses to obtain the benefit of official certifies tion. I anticipate that opposition will be made to these proposals because they are paternalistic. They are not pa? ternalistic, because the States does nothing for the individual; it takes from no individual to bestow on an? other. The State is now regulating the rates of tire insurance, it is re luiring banks to guarantee their de? posits, it is providing for drainage and irrige tion, and, as a matter of fact, it is now providing for the official weighing of cotton, it is a perfectly simple and a perfectly logical exten tion of these powers of recognized au? thority to extend them in the manner indicated. On the other hand. If this system is paternalistic, then 1 have only to say that it is high time for the state to exhibit seme paternalism toward Its largest industry. The fact is, the state is now ex? rclstng pater? nalism toward agriculture by spend Ingg large sums annually for scientific farming in order to Increase produc? tion. If the State is authorized to spend money for increasing produc? tion for the bentit of the farmer and for the, feeding of an Increasing popu | lutlon, then it is authorized to spend J tnottey In developing a system of j marketing for the profit of the farm er and for the enhancement of the \al ' ue of our i hi??f source of wealth. Amen and Aim n' Progressive Tanner. Cough Medicine for Children. Too much care cannot be used in se? lecting a cough medicine for chil? dren, it should be pleasant to takd i.?main no harmful substance and be most effeeutal. Chamberlain's Cough Remedy meets these requirements end i- a favorite With the mothers of young children everywhere. Kor sale ? b> all dealers A?l\ t STATEMENT OP THE COICDITION Of Ihe Bank of Sumtcr. hoi -a led at Slimier, S. C, at The ClaM of Bus? iness, April i. 1913. LIABILITIES: Capital stock paid in.. ..$200,000.00 Surplus fund.DO.Ooa (?(? Undivided profits, less cur? rent expenses and taxes paid. 21,427.29 T>ue to banks and bank? ers. 1.236 72 Dividends unpaid. 80.00 Individual deposits sub? ject to (heck.260,827.47 Savings deposits.121.762.59 Time certificates of deposit 3,000.00 Certified checks. 514.90 Cashier's checks. 175.00 Will? payable, including certificates for money borrowed. .. ..250,000.00 Total.$915,023.97 RESOURCES: Loans and discounts,? ..$681,553.09 Overdrafts. 5,049.59 Bonds and "tucks owned by the bank. 21,700.23 Furniture and fixtures.. .. 10.20o.0K I other real estate owned.. 50,332.h*? Due from banks and bank? ers.118,099.80 Currency. 5,957.00 Gold. 1,960.00 Silver and other minor coin. 1.770.90 Checks and cash items. . . 13,393.77 f it her resources, viz: Currency in transit. 5,000.00 Total.$915,023.97 STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, County of Sumtcr. Before me came Bernard Manning. Casbier of the above named bank, who, being duly sworn, says that the above and foregoing statement is a true condition of said bank, as shown by the books of said bank. BERNARD MANNING, Cashier. Sworn and subscribed before me this 8th day of April, 1913. R. U Edmunds, Notary Public. Correct Attest: DAVIS D. MOISE, C. M. HURST, RICH. I. MANNING, Directors. STATEMENT OF THE CONDITION Of Tlie Farmers' Bank and Trust Co., Located at Sumtcr. S. C, and Its Branches, at The Close of Business April 1, 1913. RESOURCES: Loans and discounts.. ..$573,161.41 overdrafts. 2,879.48 Bonds and stocks owned by the bank. 5,000.00 Pumlture and fixtures.. 2,440.01 Banking house.19,039.96 Due from Banks and bankers. 36,051.20 Currency.... .. .. .. 6,798.00 Gold. 245.00 Silver and Other minor coin 3,559.65 Checks and cash items. . 3,840.89 Total.$053,015.00 LIABILITIES: Capital stock paid in.. ..$120.000.00 Surplus fund. 60,000.00 Undivided profits, less cur? rent expenses and taxes paid. 12,536.86 Due to banks and bank? ers. 882.15 Dividends unpaid. 84.00 Individual deposits sub? ject to check.222.261.94 Savings deposits. 97.776.14 Time certificates of de? posit.19.921.08 Certified checks. 27.50 Cashier's checks. 25.93 Notes and bills rediscount ed. 15,000.00 Rills payable, including certificates , for money borrowed.75,000.00 other liabilities, viz: Bills payable, due us by branch banks. 29,500.00 Reserve for taxes. 600.00 Total.$653.015.00 STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, County of Sumter. Before ate came G. L Warren. ; Cashier of the above named hank. ' who, being duly sworn, says that the above and foregoing statement is a true condition Of said bank, as shown by the books of said bank. O. L WARKEN. Cashier. Sworn and subscribed before me I this 10th day of April. 1913. O. L Yatcs. Notary Public. Correct Attest: ISA AC SCHWARTZ. GE< i O. SHORE. C. 0. ROWLAND, Directors. Found ? Cure for ltbcnmatl-m. I suffered With rheumatism tor two years ami could not gal my right hand to my mouth for that length of lima,* writes Lee L. Chapman. Mapleton. low a. "I suffered terrible pain so I could not sleep or lie still at night Five years ago 1 began using Cham? berlain's Liniment and in two months 1 was well ami have not suffered with rheumatism since." Fot Sale by all idealers Ado. _ .