Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Puhit-.hi-<l Wed no-da > ?nd Saturday. ?BT? OSTEEN PUBLISHING COMPANY 8UMTER. S. C. Tar ma: $i.S0 per tnnum?In advance. Advertisement*: Oaa Square flret Insertion.11.00 sYvery subsequent insertion.?>0 Contracts for three montha or lenaer will be made at reduced rates. All communication* which sub? serve private Interests mill be Charge?! far as advertisements. Obituaries and tribute* of rasp.M-t will be charged for. The Rsjsaasj Watchman was found ??< in 1110 and the 1 rue Southron in IS The Watchman and Southron w has tha combined circulation and rtusnee cf both of the old paper*. ? .?I I? manifestly the b*?*t advertising ??t?um In Sumter. am?fuloe?M of Tlie l'n-n-il? ui Sought by Congress hi l*?jri?lati?iii Against Mew sp?|M*m. Manufacturers Record. More than two m ?nths ago mil he fare steps had been taken to test In the t'nited States Supreme Court the Vicious legislation agtm-o newspapers sneaked Into the postodice approprt tlon bill In the closing hours of the ist session of Congress, the Manufac arers Record said, with reference to is provision characterised officially v the Attorney General of the Unlt 1 States as highly pen t: in deroga ' on of common right The President approved the bill I Hltalning the highly penal provlalon n derogation of common right" on August 24, within a few hours of its ' nal pasasss and within one legisla ? ve day of the adjournment of Con? gress U la questionable whether a ? ajori'y of the comparatively few members of Congress remain1 ng in the hall of the House of Itepres-nta tlvee when the bill went through the form* of Its final passage were really abw?re that it carr.? d this highly pen? al provlalon "In derogation of com? mon right" It was not before them for action until within twenty-four hours of the action, as It then first esme to light from a conference com? mittee. The tc\ members of Congress who were responsible for the cowardly de v,r. pmpiered ,n jstthsg ,h- prweteloe late the approprJat.Mu bill hrougnt j the Americas people usder the ee eeeslty oi allying el fcssty their every i set loo afT* tmg fh** publt * whenever they may happen Into the publicity that they seem to dread, and those who permitted, without question, the highly penal provision "In derogation to common right" to become law showed thereby that they sre unfit to eecupy the reaponalble position of a Congressman. Oaea granted that Congress may legislate "in derogation of common right" against one business of the country, and the way Is msde for Congress to legislate In like manner against any other business that may esclte their displeasure or the fear of lndi\ dual Congressmen. The v.tal point to be con*ldeted I? that this penal provision "in deroga? tion of common right" la not only an en.ering wedge for censorship of the press fi .on Washington, with all that that Involws, but also opens the way for Invasion of the personal liber- i ty of every cltlsen of the country. The point thua early emphasised by the Manufacturers Record was ? I a b<> - rated last week before the United States .>upreme t'ourt by James M Beck, i (-presenting the newspapers as sailing the constitutionality of the al K? I IM 11? dw ? H >ip. n tie- al inn ig tendency on the part of Congress . I it* cl In th?? newspaper publicity iw. to pr. ?. rid to exercise a power bat la in fact a forbidden power, and SJ said: I I still contend that Congress may j iot utilise the adv?nUg>- of s. ond IttfS rate* to'ln-lliee a newsp.ipe- to ui m.' to unconstitutional renuire ments Congress csn netthei enlarge po\nin of the I'.d ri! OnversV m* nt over the newspsjpSf press by th* ?lu.-.ss of txilusmr. from the ?nails, nor Ml It do I .?y bribing the press b\ he offer of spet nil rates. Ct I it sing the radn al con ten* ion of th? I >Uettsg'Osawral tint the powef of Congress t.\?r the mads is absolute and unrestraint d. and that Cong; ? can sag MSi pSWSt for any pgrpOSf, how.\.r ?t may siherwssj Irsjasjreei the liin.t? ?I powe-a of Congress. Mr Bet k aaj/1 if. ihet'fo,.-. the asal Cesjajpsss should \>.** a law Hu' n vs-*pip'i Should bt idm tt.il to the pri\ilegeK of ?? ? ond .lass matter unless its edi? tor!..I SSlSSsSJ should stipp? rt the m.hh g| im msjssiiy m law seat Congress as to a revision of the lai Iff. tb. Jude i try would lie pOWSfllSS to prevt nt SSJSk ? Sh angling of ftSi dlsrusslon. if s... it mast i< gi* ally follow thai the n? xt CoffffSJi could not only t r11 ? lb< nets p i>- ' press of the conn try Into MSWptag ?? Sf low. r birlfl . duties by the privilege of chenp or free postage, but It couhl force hem int.? such acquiescence by a denial of any mailing facilities whatever. That neither the next nor any Am.iuau CongTSSS would so offend tiie spit t ? f our instituioni does not fttYOCt tile test of SUeh an UlUSl rate ?u. Ihth. i CongreSB has, as the Solici tor- General contends, the power to ?rttsrlbt a!'Solutel>." and without the possibility of judicial ie\iew, the conditions on whu h the CltlSefl shall a-, the mails, of CongTMi has only tin- power, in carrying out IIa area I functions, ai ? currier of tha mails, t<? prescribe such condition! as have a lafjltlmnt! and appropriate iv erence to that function. BOtWOOfl thfO! tWO ploposit ion> liiere seems t<? he no middle ground. Blthof t?ie pOWOf 11 nbaolut! and un rootrelnod, howovai tyrannical Its sx? an loo. of lbs power, only vaguely enumerated In the constitution, was delegated for a Special purpose and the true definition of the power is limi ed to that purpose, and all acts done under the pretense of exercising th it power. i?ut beyond its legitimate scope, are unconstitutional. If this court shall sustain the con? tent on of tlw Government, and thus dm I ire that Congress has an abso? lute power .vi declare what the citi? zen must do in order to avail himself of postal facilities, then we may ex? pect i wUle an.i Indefensible exten? sion of Federal power, of Which neith? er the generation that framed the Constitution nor any succeeding gen? eratlon. except the present, would have dreamed as a possibility. Little is nee led to reinforce the logic in this warning against a usur? pation by Congress to confer upon an executive department of the Govern? ment a power which, once gi anted as permissible in the case of one class of citizens, can readily be applied to any clasH of persons or to any Individual whom the party in possession of the Government may desiro to coerce Suc'n power would mean ability of the political party to maintain its hold upon the machinery of Government indefinitely, no matter what outrages it might commit. Therefore, the people of the coun? try should not rest upon the determi? nation* of the case by the United St.Ues Supreme Court, whether favor? able to individual liberty or unfavor? able, but should demand a probe into all the circumstances of the under? hand legislation against the newspa? pers to the end not only that the sns .? responsible for the particular!! i istlc pr risloa irej be given nil the publi ? i goeei \ ? a 1,111 also . ha! ? v#ry memtOf of Congress who. by Ingttenti n lo duty?if, Indoedi he I M present when the postohice appropri? ation bill went through the question? able form of pa-sage?or by neglect of duty in being absent from Wash? ington at the time, shall also be giv? en publicity, so that he may be pre v. i ?cd from ever again being In a po? sit1 on to submit the people of the country to such a menace as that linking In the newspaper publicity riter. The OSjgg of Wood Alcohol. | How real and immediate are the dangers which beset us In connec? tion with the unsuspected use of wood alcohol is made apparent by a notice of Judgment lately published by th* office of the C. S. Secretary of Agriculture. Several Individuals, act in* under the name of the LUOOU l'-odiue Wine Co., had marked a pioduct with the distinctly preten? tious label (Jrun Idquure Delia Stella lOllxlr Tonioo Stomatico." Analysis ?>f a sample of this promising elixir ? ) the pureau <?f Chemistry1 indicated it to contain: methyl alcohol. 10.41 j>? r OOnt by volume; thyl alcohol, 0.08 pi r cent by VolumeJ ethyl alcohol. S.us dye Acul Yellow Q to furnish an at tfaetlVe color. The case was report? ed for prosecution as a violation of the Food and Drugs Act, but for n nately sn indictment was found un? der I section of the New York Crim tral Code. ?in?' defendant, Alberto Mllanosi, after having spent two months in jail awaiting trial, was on p ending guilty sentenced to serve a term of seven months In the New Y..rk County penitentiary. Another .i '. ad ant Carlo dirndl, hoi sentence luent nded on ^ plea of guilty. The Journal *>( the American Medical As s.m i.ition, eommenting? on the onse, ex pr erne! the hope thai s mors vig i . ??Mis management of such flagrant violations of the law will have a whoiesnle effect, for there an few deterrents i?ke jail sentence. The * hlneoe have ? different way of doing things from out highly en? lightened (?) methoda For exam* lie. they pay then- physicians, not to physic them nhen they ars sick, but 11 beep them well; also, when <? banb fails the) cnl off the head ol the president of the defunct institu? tion When ? msn gets sick- hi "docke" the doctor whom he pay yearly silary. Sleknem Smon Ike i |am of people wh.. can afford I him physicians Is said to be rare i bin i. I Sd .? hank failure h is get unknown for mofS than a hundf ? sara Hingstrsi Hm ord LIVE STOCK AND FERTILITY. Value* of Animal Excrement and Uses of the Farm. Prof. R. Shields, of the South Carolina experiment station, Issues (lie following bulletin on live stock as a factor in s.>ii fertility: Tin- history of agricultural develop? ment shews that the highest success attained In farming intimately asso? ciated with live stock production, in t.et tin* substantial wealth of any agricultural section <>r country is in direct proportion to the amount and Quality of its live stock, and the judi ? ions use made thereof The reason is significant in that live stock has t ot ? nly supplied on:- population with animal food products, hut has been the great factor in maintaining soil fertility, All of our progressive nations ap? preciate this t u t, and as a result they are encouraging as much as possible an Increased production of farm anl m iIs. Animal excrement (commonly re? ferred to as barnyard manure) is the oldest and most substantial fertilizer. Roman agtlcultural writers of 2,ouo j years ago wrote of the Value I f barn? yard mannte in crop Improvement. According to Cornell Bulletin No, It, and Farmers' Bulletin No. 192, the approximate amount and value per 1,000 pounds of live weight of I different animals is as*follows: i Amount per day, pounds. Sheep. . . .84.1 Calves, . . . *; 7. l Hogs . . . .56.2 Cows.. . .74.1 Horses . . . . I Value per day, Value per cents, year, dollars 7.8 20.09 6.7 24.45 10.4 ,17.06 8.0 29.27., 7.6 27.74 I Basing estimates on these figures, and allowing for different kinds of ! animals raised on the farm under or? dinary conditions, the average value of fresh manure from each 1,000 pounds of live welsjht would approxi- 1 mate $80 annually. The average composition Of fresh manure from different farm animals j is given by Wolf as follows: Sheep?Water, 64. per cent; nitro- ! gen, .S3 per cent; phosphoric acid, .2;; per cent potash, .67 per cent; value, |8,$8 per ton. Horse?Water, 70 per cent; nitro? gen. .5s per Cent; phosphoric acid, .28 per cent; potash, .5.1 per cent; value, - !.5 5 per ton. Pig?Water. 7 3 per cent; nitrogen, ". per cent; phosphoric acid, .19 per < nt; potash, .60 per cent; value, $2.14 per ton. Cow?Water; 77 per cent; nitrogen. .14 per cent; ph< sphoric acid, .16 per cent; potash, .40 per cent; value, 11.89 per ton. Mixed?Water, 75.9 per cent; ni? trogen. .45 per cent; phosphoric acid, .21 per cent; potash, .52 per cent; value, $2.08 per ton. The money value placed on these I fertilizing constituents are 15 cents : per pound for nitrogen and 5 cents per pound each for phosphoric acid and potash. Now a practical problem arises for ' the farmer to estimate the amount of manure available on his farm and to calculate what the nitrogen, phos- , Phorie acid and potash would cost if j purchased in commercial fertilizers, Considering no loss of manure from leaching, etc. The < >hio station has demonstrated through practical experiments that i the fort King elements have the same value in animal manures as they USVS In commercial fertilizers, as bone- I meal, muriate of potash, etc. An additional factor not consider? ed in the above is that animal man? ures supply humus to the soil. Hu? mus (the product formed by partially decayed organic matter? Is much needed In our Southern soils, it Is conf* I red essential In all fertile soils CUltl.ated under normal condition! for the following reasons: ? l > it In? creases the power of the soil to ab? sorb and retain moisture essential to plant growth; (2) it Improves the physical condition of the soil; (3 > it ?ervei as a storehouse for plant food ?ail very Important factors not ob? tained by the use of commercial fer? tilizers. The greatest economy in maintain? ing the sod fertility is possible through Judicious live stock production In conjunction with crop rotation that includes the raising of legumes, as the '?lovers, cowpeas, s< y beans, etc, A* terlments have proved e that "al least v" per cenl , gen, pbosphori>- acid and ie materials fed on the led by the animals in the i|Uld excrement." To real best value of barnyard ||g tot t he bt sl Use Of t lie rwever, it is a conservative o >a\ i hat >tie t bird of I h" minute from farm animal* ountn 's lost annually careb ssness. II kepi in.mm <? ht ap may be u< n as one of ihe surest in -t of l hrift and BUCC4 ^s in Neglect of this resource oases which, though little ap predated, are vaat In extent, w of manure is either s,? common i breed Indifferi nee, or so silent s escape notice." There Is an old Flemish provero handed down through centuries of time thai expresses well the Import? ance of live stock as a factor In soil fertility; it reads as follows. "No grass no cattle; No cattle no manui??; No manure no crops." RKLKCTING AND PREPARING sliow CORN. south Carolina Experiment BlaUon? Extension Article No, J?7. it has been claimed by some that the success of some corn breeders has been du?- no1 so much to their ability to produce high yields as to their abll Ity to sehet winning show sample--. Now. while a high yield Of corn is of 1 primary Imoprtance to the farmer, the ability to select a good show sample should not be slighted In an> way. in selecting a sample, the main Idea to keep In mind Is uniformity. | Uniformity of shape, sixe, color, and Indenatlo.n In one sample will often win over another sample Which con? tains a lot of very good individual ? ar - w hlch are not alike. See thai the ears are of as nearly the same length and circumference as possible. Discard those ears that are not cylindrical In shape, that Is, see that they are round and that they taper as little as possible from butt to tip. Color has. reference to both the grains and CObS. in a sample ? f white corn see that there are no yel? low grains or red COba (unless it ne a red cobbed, white variety, which is unusual.) In a yellow variety see that there are no white grains or white cobs. In fact, even a pink cob is ob? jectionable in yellow coin. The deep, dark red is preferred. The matter of color is even carried further than is indicated in the above sentences, for it is desirable to have the ears of the sample of the same shade of white or Of yellow, as the ease nay be. By Indenatlon WO mean the wrink? led portion of the top of the grains, gee that the ears are of the same roughness or smoothness in this re Spect. A very sharp grained ear is undesirable, so also is a very smooth grained ear. The next thing to consider is the in? dividual ears in the sample. Select only those which are straight. Have the rows of grains running straight up and down the ear. Have the rows of grains running uniformly and evenly out over the butts and tips and to such an extent that the tip Is en? tirely covered with grains and that a cup-shaped cavity is formed at the butt, where the ear is fastened on 10 the stalk; and be sure to see that the space between the rows of grains are as narrow as possible. Finally see that the ears are solid, that is, they should be so lirm that you cannot twist them In your hands or mo\e the grains with your fingers. Now take your knife ami remote from the eais all pieces of husks and silks. Cut out all the portion Of the stalk that remains attached to the cob at the butt end. Scrape all the portions of the cob that you cut with the knife so that the cut is not left smooth and clean. Wrap each ear separately in a piece of newspaper and pack carefully In a box. if you are so fortunate as to be able to arrange your sample in the show room, put the longest ear on the right and the next longest next to It and so on down, having the shortest ear on the left of the sample. Do not kick If the Judges don't give your sample tirst place, but try to se? lect a better sample next time. Prof. M. S. Gardiner. Lived Century Without n Doctor. Baltimore sun. After having lived 100 years 11 1-2 months without ever having required the ser\i. es of a physician, Barnett Rtchelson contracted ;i cold about a Week ago and died. The news that the Farmers' Union and the Chamber of Commerce would (work together In the matter of secur? ing n market that will be satisfactory and reliable for both the producer I ami the consumer, in this community good news to us. and we doubt not t.. the r> si of the people in this com? munity, It is a thing that We have long desired and we believe that we have it in Sight, but the whole great scheme will fall If the farmers of the district do not ? nter Into it. it will mean a tegular market, a reli? able market, and it might at times, sc? in to tin farmer that it is a lower market, but he will find 'it the close of the season that he has mole cash from the business than he ever had, because it will be the culmination i f expenses < i* marketing, and the di? vision* of that cost between Ihi farm? er and the consumer Nothing i in he accomplished without the co oper ation ot the farmer In the plan, and Iwith thai co-operation all things are i possible - Klon nee Tim? s, FARMERS' j uNION NEWS Practical Thoughts for Practical Farmers. (Conducted by E. w. Dabbe, Pres ld< nt s. C. Farmers Union.) KOMK KAN DOM THOUGHTS. Wy Xo| a armors' Exchange in Ii? al elgrli? "What does strike m<- as being about th<- most practicable forward step In the line of co-operation for selling our farm products is the es tblishment of a co-operative Farm era' Exchange in ?ach Important town or <ity in the South. Now, for example, we may iin?i on the etret ts of Raleigh today one farmer spending half a day to m li four ??t five pounds of butter; another farmer spending half a day to sell b couple of hams; another to stii a half dosen chicks ens; another t<> sell a few <i??z< n cab? bage, etc, etc. Before our Farmers' Union movement grows old, i expeel to see at ?ach Important town this co-operative Farmers' Exchange, which will take the farmers' products and handle them in a scientific and economical manner without requiring them to waste, frequently, half as much tim?> as the products themselves are worth." Thus Mr. Clart nee Poe In his able address on "How Farmers Can Co? operate," before th?> North Carolina State Union recently. * s * Below is copied from the Raleigh News & Observer something further about the great convention of farm? ers, the North Carolina State Union. I will try to have Brother Comas of Danville, Va., at th?> Florence County Union meeting on Tuesday, January 14th, when delegates from every Union in the toba' . o counties of South Car? olina will be invited to organise the Kastern South Carolina tobacco grow? ers' association Of the Farmers' Fnion: As to the Cotton. The next speaker was President E. W. Dabbs, the'president of the Farm? ers' Union of South Carolina. His re? marks were concerning the matter of the handling of the cotton crop. He declared that on one million bales of North Carolina cotton crop there was lost at a conservative estimate $10 per bale, or ten million dollars. "1 am told," he said, "that cotton is made in fifty counties. This means that $200,000 less money was brought into these counties. Do not think of this in millions of dollars as applied to all the South, but as what is known to have been lost in one's own county, ami make it our business to see that every merchant and banker is made to see his responsibility for helping the farmer sec ire this money. It is a light of every man for the honor and prosperity of his country, his State and his section." Mr. Dabbs' exposition of the cotton situathm was s most interesting and able one. The Question of Tohsoco. The last talk of the evening was made by P. M. Comas, of Danville, Va.. president ?>f the Farmers' Dry Prizery. He urged ihe value of co? operative work in handling and mar? keting tobscco, and urged especially the value of the dry priserV, so as to preserve the tobacco and not throw it on the market to be gobbled up at low prices Mr. Comas reviewed the question of tobacco prices and showed how it had been that farmers wer?* at the mercy of the tobacco trust. He de? clared that with tobacco selling at high price the trust would urge ih?-r?' was no need for the farmers to organ? ise. But he declared that it was be? cause ?d' CO-operatlon and organiza? tion that the tobacco farmer Is getting more for his crop. "This is a simrt | crop." he said, "and It Is time to or- ! gantze, and it will be learned that ! when a man is abb- to store his to bacco he will be able to look out for j its money value." Mr. Comas urged that there b?- thor? ough organisation made, that the farmers of the bright tobacco belt In Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina should be united, that In this ? lass of tobac o then :s given almost a no.in.poly in Itself, that hence the producers should got together and control it His Insistence was that business be don< In u business-like way and m closing he urged the val? ue of tobacco farmers investing in a tobaco manufacturing plant, as well as preparing b> the drv prisery for the storing of tobacco, so as to protect t hemselves, * t * From a verj conservative banker of this county the following figures were obtained The bank loans of this county amount to In round nc urea $2,355,000. The cotton crop, in? cluding the seed, will bring this year $2,100,000, or ;? quarter o< a million dollars leea than the bank loans "It a! pears to me," laid this bunker, "mat extra vagence la tin- crying sin of our time, 1 do n<>t object to put? ting in Improvements, but tbe dispo? sition among our people to trade off good wagons and mules el s sacrifice to own n< w wagons, and high priced mules, is ke< ping the majority of our people so badly hampered by debts that it makes rery little difference bow successful our marketing la era are always In an unsafe condition." -St * * "You are d? ii g s good work in in? sisting <n Letter marketing! but you should also hammer sonn- on this matter of extravagence. And you t an not hope to bring about the response in marketing that we all know should 1 e done. While our people are tied band and fast by mortgages for things they ?'o nol need and that do not help them to make any more crop." e a o I would like to have an ex from each I f the other bar Bumter on this line. And tr the n Nt mei ting of the ?'ount will take up this BUl }ect an something cannot be done from the farmers end to correct it. At the last meeting of the County Inion the hardlshlps of these who borrow wer? discussed, and the "high-way rob? bery" to which Some of our people are subjected. That ere ean do something tlo-r.. .an he no doubt, if we just lind the right way to go about it, and per? sist. E. W. D. PEACE MAY BE PAR AWAY. Turkey's Counter Proposal May Cause Long Delay. London, Dec 25.?The expedition with which the Turkish Government has decided upon counter proposals leade to the assumption that they will I be equally wide from what are likely to be the eventual terms of the peace . treaty, aa w ere the demands of the al? lies, and that there still is a prolonged process of bargaining to be gone through before the conference is end? ed. Austria's failure to demobilize, how? ever, is a greater source of disquietude to all concerned than the task of ar? ranging peace. This is more especial? ly the case with the Montenegrian delegates, who today were consider? ably excited over the rumor that now Austria has obtained what she wants from Servia, she wishes either to nrp vent Mont? ari by inc< or to make tion of Set occupation of Mount Lowenen. j.'his mount, which rises to a height, of about 5.500 feet, almost perpendicul? arly, dominates the Gulf of Cattaro, the greatest Austrian naval stro in the Adriatic, but now Mont? rro, with its batteries on Mount Lo commands the Gulf. M. Miyuskovitch has declared to an the ambassadors that Montenegro would rather be exterminated than yield Lowehen or renounce Scutari. He said: "It naturally is absurd to speak of declaring war against Aus? tria, but if Vienna had any such pre tentlons she would have to wipe out every soul in Montenegro. 1 my? self would be there, sword in hand, and I would sell my life dearly." Moreover it is not believed that Rus? sia would ever permit the annihila? tion of the small kingdom, which, for centuries has represented the Slav stronghold on the Adriatic shore, and in this connection additional attention is drawn to the fact that Russia 1? taking means to prevent her continued war preparation from becoming known. Several of the peace delegate London for Christmas. Those wl malned spent the day quietly at hotels or w.th friends. Porte Wires Delegate Constantinople, Dec. 25.?The Porte today teh graphed to Reichard Paska? at London, counter proposals as de? cided upon by the counc il of min? isters. The exact nature of the pro* poaals has not been revealed, but the official view of the sit slion hopeful. Tile editor of the News rier Is .i worse grouch than we had suspected. Just think cd" his want? ing Ii urbank the wlxaard to evolve a cryless baby! He does not know be? cause he has not b- c-n blessed by for? tune and fate and a kindly provi? dence like these country newspaper men have been with ? multitude of posterity and he cannot realize the sweet music of the crj of the first" born to the Kewtyweda \ erytess baby! Ve go.is give us ? tuneless pisno, a scentless rose, a sephyt with ?au a velvet touc h but not a erytess baby. IVe Know because we hasten home , a? h da) ft? i- so many years to listen to the music of th ioned well tuned highly tuneful baby. Amt we Plot ence Tum s The Ann rlcan bo) calls it "Dee* comber" out of compliment to the late ? Dee-lighted "?Charleston Tost.