The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, November 16, 1912, Image 4
fifcc tk'htcbnun ani *oulbroii.
Pwe4i.<d>??l v. ednewda) and Saturday.
?BY?
?8TELN PUBLISHING COMPANY
BUMTKK, 8, C.
Terms:
? l.i?0 per unnom?tn advaaca.
Advertisements:
One Square fli?rt insertion.$1.00
?vary subeeqient inaertlon.SO
Gentracta for three moaths, or
leagsr will be made at reduced rate*.
aII eomimmlnatlone which eub
earvs private lutereata will be charged
faa aa advertleemenu.
Obituaries and tributes of respect
wlU be charged for.
The Remter Watchman was found*
eft tu 1010 and the True Southron In
1M0- The W atchman and Sotrthreo
saw bss the combined errculatlaa and
influence cf both of the old papers,
end la manifestly the best advertising
nedturr. In Sumter.
Col. Henry Wltterson forsees worse
than Armageddon ahead of Woodrow
Wilson If he mikes a stand against
the office hunters in his own party,
a e a
The Sumter county corn* show,
which will be held on November 19th
can be made of Interest and value to
the farmers If a sufficient number
eo-eperate In having an exhibit of
<>m that is representative of the
Oeat that the county produces. The
prises offered are not large, but the
prises are .he least of the benefits to
ce derived from the corn show. Sum?
ter county produces ss good corn as
any other section of the country but
the balance >f the world will never
know It unlesa our farmers prove It
by showing their corn. I
a e a j
There are so many candidates for
the Spartanburg postmastershlp that
a primary election hus been suggested
and Is being seriously considered as a '
solution of the problem. This Is not '
altogether a bad Idea.
nee
With President Wilson making Co?
lumbia his winter home and some
real cool place his summer residence '
Washington will not have a chance to I
{et tired of him. j
I ? *
Florence has officially joined the !
association of modern and progres- 1
atre cities by the adoption of the '
Commission Form of Government.
Florence ha* always been a live and
progressive town and by bringing her 1
etty government up to date has taken 1
another st?p forward. The plan
adopted by Florence Is fundamental?
ly the same as that now in operation 1
In Columbia, but with three commis- '
sioners Instead of five, and differs from i
the Kumter Plan In that It does not
provide for n City Manager. The prac?
tise! rtsults obtained in Sumter and
Florence will afford opportunity for a
comparison of the two plans of city
government under the Commission
Form, the two town* being nearly the
aame irfse and condition** somewhat
similar. Florence ha* one advan- I
tags over Sumter a* ha outset in that ',
Ihe large Income ?.'jrlved from the
dlep?n?ary will render financial con- 1
dltlona eaaler than In Sumter and
ggnale the Florence commission to j
assleruike a more ambitious program 1
of r.onts than I* possible in
this efjty 1 h? r? ? anj coaspartsen!
af r?-?'?p^ eaflshwad hi thd tu., plant
to be strictly fair, will have to mak?
due i?'.iowaiice for the large income
enjoyed by Florence from the dispen?
sary
see
Tb? growth of tin a booiM is un
aueetionabi> las meal reUaute Inder
of the growth of the |OWfl PPjd this
steady growth g- being brought bOUM
to the -I' I of ? d o at ...ti ifi ??
aioat eagrlgetgg ntflgwrf Twenty
ptgfg ago the brut sch??ol building
wss eeueeee1 ggf nttowanot i. lug gtndi
for future growth, and f??r s?veral
years all of the ?lax* rooms were not
eccnpnd Since that time the In?
creasing en olbio ni has neeessltated
th? erection of tw j additional build?
ings, and now all the buildings are
fully o< . ppled I'nl'fx th. hglMllggl
are to be uinomfortahly ? rnw?le<| In
Ihe roar future adilitioruil sch???d
boo*. - mu?l be provided Sunder Im
ppogriag gonfi r.ipidiv Inga erat i>e
f ,r??. whn h make* it evident that
aew scho. i buddingH win be needed
Within Ihd text war. or two y? ars at
the outuhb-. in fast? additional school
room will be n* eded t?? take care of
the growing attSUflsUCl gS SOOg M it
can ht prov 'ed.
Marriuge Lrsegm Haoard,
Mr Pheres I jk key and Miss Kastel
sic Lead <?f PiUglioi recurs el a mar?
rlatf? gSSSgM Tuesday.
\ licence to marry wax insued |fj
Hain Pringle, und Kebeccu Jam?s.
WedK? tb id. Wed needs i momlng
Noti., io I Ircttnu Manager*.
Th? gfOfSKf ?*"? MM manag?gl in the
State < lene m I elo. tlon ha* hOOfl 1?'
calved and can ???? secured al th" office
of II <? ? uitmo.
FARMERS'
UNION NEWS
Practical TUougtut* for Practical
Farmers.
(Conducted ay E. W. Dabbe, Pres?
ident 8. C. Farmers Unien.)
Sonic Random Thoughts.
The resolutions of the County Union
speak for themselves, but a few lines
commenting on them may not bo
amiss. For one thing the matter of
interest instead of discount on money
advanced on cotton. I have tried to
show the bankers of Humter that that
additional profit of discount over in?
terest is not worth the disadvantages.
The profit on a hundred dollars for a
whole year is less than 80 cents ad?
ditional, for 6 months it would be less
than 4 0 cents and so on for shorter
periods down to less than 7 cents for
30 days. Now is it burdensome on
the borrower. The bad effect is that
when a man has paid discount which
Is nothing more than interest in ad?
vance, he is not disposed to sell until
his borrowed money has earned the
discount, that is until Just before the
note is due. A depressed market right
then will cause him to reborrow, af?
ter the 2nd experience of renewing
hi9 note, he is apt to sell. And It is
the fact that so many of these selling
periods have found a depressed mar?
ket that is responsible more than any?
thing else for the Reluctance of farm?
ers to hold cotton.
e e e
It is also on account of this dis?
count feature of so many cotton notes
that the market is depressed to shake
loose the weary farmer. And of the
attitude of so many banks toward the
borrower when their notes become
due. If all cotton were carried on in?
terest notes rather than on discounted
notes there would be such gradual
marketing as would prevent the Slump
In the market. At least that is the ef?
fect I think it would have.
e e e
My argument with the bank is that
the greater volume of business, and
the more satisfactory Bales at an av?
erage of better prices would give them
really more profit than the discount
profit. It is worth trying, but of
course would prove nothing unless
generally adopted and continued for
some years.
? e e
A friend says saw mill companies
pay much higher wages because they
pay off in trade at three prices and
dock, not for a half hour when it is
lost, but for a quarter of a day.
whereas the farmer loses so many
halt hours for which he makes no 1
charge that his wages are really as
high. I would not be surprised If he
is partly correct. The actual labor
that a farmer gets may cost him as
much as the actual labor the mill
gets?partly In lost time and partly
in perquisites. However, that may
be. my argument holds good, and Is
STOU strengthened. For If the farm?
er Is really paying f 1.00 to $1.25 per ,
day for labor to make his crop, the 1
sooner he finds it out. and figures bis
OOOt on such a basis the better It will
be for Mm. and for the country.
On the other hand: The farmer who
Is doing his owr work, he and his
family, whether he be white or black,
Ig going an Injustice to himself, to his
family ami to bis fellow farmers, to
work his own cyop and sell It on a
basis of 30, 40, 60 or 60 cents per day ?
for Ml and his family's labor. Ho is i
also very Inconsistent to toil year in
and y ir out, assuming all the risks of
. tSX |?S and insect pests for such
WlgSl. and demanding or expecting
Im< wages wlon he woks for one of
hu feiiow fanners, while hs puts his
crops on the market on the "crystal
lied sweit" basis, in competition with
the farmer who hires his labor at
high prues. ami to the Impoverish"
ment of the country at lar^e.
SOS
In all lines of work the labor cost
Is the biggest item. In fanning many
of us proceed on the theory that it is
the- smallest item of expense The
great cry of the agricultural expert
b is been to reduce the labor cost, not
by cheapening It, but by making it
more effective, Mr. Poe cd* the Pro?
gresses l ' it no r w rote a series of ar?
ticles from Chlnn, Japan, and India
ii i year showing conclusively that
i henp labor Is expensive labor, May?
be we farmers would see it too, u we
lei idled lb- qtiestlyn from the right
stand point,
g 0 g
'Hose are live questions Of farm
economy arid med to be studied, not
in a casual way. but by every local
farmer's union, until they have found
tbe real cost of then c rops ami can In?
telligently Sjgurs on what price- they
should receive to Insure s reasonable
\ profit. Nor w in these questions ever
be solved by Individuals working on
them alone, only by organisation ami
CO-OperatllVS Stud1' <.?n they be solv?
ed, and the solute i put in practica,
OOS
I The trend of the eottOSj market
bears out the soundness of the Farm?
ers* Union position. The pity of it Is
that ho little heed was given to our
warnings and pleadings, that few
fnrmen can profit by the rise in price
except <>n the tail ends of their crops,
,\ hieb will excite then; to renewed
hope and unwise plans for next year.
"If the farmer is to be profited the
time to act is now." was in a letter of
some weeks ago, to which I replied,
"the Farmers' Union has been urging
since June to act now."
see
Renewed interest in the Union la
being felt in various sections as re?
ports come to the State President.
Maybe we will have a well organized
State by next spring.
E. W. D.
County Union Notes.
Resolutions of County Union on
cotton marketing:
"Whereas, Barrett and Company of
Augusta, Ga., through Mr. T. M.
Green of Hishopville has offered this
Union to take farmers cotton on stor?
age and advance 80 per cent of its
market price the day it is shipped at 1
6 per cent interest by a draft w*h
Dili of lading attached through our lo- j
cal banks,
"Whereas: Upon investigation it Is
found that this firm's dealings with
actual shippers have been satisfactory;
one merchant of Timmonsville ship
?dng three thousand (3,000) bales last
year and shipping again this year,
and that cotton was shipped from
Mayesville, Hishopville, St. Charles,
and other points right through Sumter
to Augusta with satisfactory returns,
now. therefore be It
"Kesolved: That the Sumter Coun?
ty Union in view of the pleasant re?
lations between our members and the
banks of Sumter and the Sumter Cot?
ton Warehou.-e, and of the cordial co?
operation between this Union and the
Chatnlicr of Commerce of Sumter, do
call upon them to see why freight
rates, warehouse facilities bank ac- j
OOmmodatloni and marketing arrang- |
ementl are not made to attract this j
cotton, instead of letting it pass
through Sumter to a market a hun?
dred indes away?
"Resolved: That this union advise
farmers to hohl cotton for the much
higher prices that we are sure will
prevail, and if they cannot make as j
good arrangements locally to hold, j
that they ship to the point where J
best prices prevail, and w here they can
get the best terms.
"Resolved: That the county union
would place on record and emphasize
t)ie fact that it ha* none but the kind- J
est fellings for the local markets nam?
ed and especially for our city of Sum
tor, but that the Union is in duty, to j
its members, bound to urge them and
other farmers to handle their cotton
no as to get the highest return, and we
believe that the producers of this
great money crop are entitled to
first consideration In any action that 1
we may take."
Unanimously adopted and ordered
published.
(Signed) J. Fr?uvk Williams,
President.
Hugh Withers;.,, >n
Secretary.
Preliminary Corn Show, Nov. 19.
Brothsr Farmer: This may be the
opportunity of a li1e time to make
your farm famous. You may have the
Corn Stored away in your crib that
Would win out in all of the contests
in the State, but If you do not exert
yourself and use your judgment In
?electing your corn, you will certainly
not have the privilege of showing it
in the National show. Go Into your
eril. Monday, ami get the le st ear you
have, wrap it. in paper, and don't let
a single grain get shelled off of the
Cob, Then select the next best ten
I
ears, wrap each one separately in pa?
per and bring them to the Chamber of
Commerce rooms by twelve M. Tucs
?i ty, November 19,
Expert! wil judge and score the
corn, I
Boyi contemplating joining the 1913
Corn Club should especially try to he
present, Von will learn as much as
you would at your school. Hring
along ten ears of corn and .submit it
for on. of the ten cash prizes offered: j
$;,.no tor best ten ears, white
|3.00 for second best ten ears,
Ulute.
|5.00 lor l.es? ten cars, yellow.
|3.00 tor second best ten ears, yel
low.
|5.00 for best ten stalks prolific.
$3.00 for second best ten stalks pro?
lific.
$5.00 for beet single ear, white.
$3.00 for second Lest single ear.
White.
,00 f<>r besl single ear, yellow.
$::.tm for second best single t ar,
yellow.
J. Prank Williams
The pecan trees on the cotirl house
square are n source of great delight
t.. old and young, even the courl house
officials not refralnlno occasionally
tr< m stopplns beneath them to gath
? i nuts nou ami then, Al all times
of day there is general!) a number
of urchins looking for the elusive
weeti
Knapp Agricultural Day.
The 148,000 teachers and the 7,000,
000 pupils <.f the South art- being
urged by their educational and agri?
cultural leaders to assejnble 3,000,
000 farmers, their families and
friends, in the 80,000 school houses on
November -7th for an hour, in order
to survey and review their agricul?
tural resources and achievements, and
to express their appreciation of the
services of one of their great benefac- 1
tors. Agriculture is worthy of this
consideration, for the farmers of the l
nation have this year produced ten
billion dollars' worth of crops to feed
and clothe nearly 100,000,000 people
here, with a surplus for other na?
tions.
Knapp Agricultural Day'is the of-j
tidal designation; The South wishes
to honor the memory of Dr. S. A. 1
Knapp as the founder of the Demon- I
Stmtion Work and the Hoys' and Girls'
Clubs. This is fitting, because 100,
000 demonstrators are making large !
crops on their farms and Corn Club I
1
boys are attracting world-wide at?
tention by growing more than 225
bushels on one acre at low cost. The
indications are that several of the
75,000 boys will this year break all
records. It is fitting, because 25,000 I
girls, in the harvest season, are tilling J
pantries with wholesome food and sell- j
ing the surplus. It is a duty, because
Dr. Knapp taught a new method in
agric ulture and the lessons must be
more widely impressed tend unfail?
ingly transmitted. Representatives of I
England, Russia, Brazil, South Africa,
Blam and Argentine have come to I
learn them. It is high time for
American schools to take the lead in
these ideas.
What vast possibilities loom up. if
the people of the w hole South Will an- 1
nually focus their thought* on agricul?
ture and country life for just one hour.
It is hoped that the observance will
grow into a custom and that an Agri?
cultural Day will become an annual
feature of ail the schools.
Such a l>ay can include in its ex?
ercises a survey of all the activities
which trace directly to the farmer:
crops, trees, birds, nature, the chil?
dren of the country and their proper
equipment! Surely the celebration of
an Agricultural Day has possibilities
enough to make it the greatest occa?
sion of the year. It could be made
to render untold service, not only :n*
the schools of the South but of the |
Whole nation. And the city child is j
coming to need such a survey of agri?
cultural matters even moi/e than tin*
country child; the private schojl
pupil needs it quite as much as the
public school pupil.
a double signitiance Will attach to
the Day this year. In connection
with the program of country life it is
planned to commemorate the life and
services of Dr. Seaman a. Knapp. His
teachings are universally known and
fcdlowed throughout the South and
their value is everywhere gratefully
acknow ledged. Among the men of re?
cent years who have contributed ideas
of vital worth to the educational de?
velopment of the South, be stands out
prominently. His contribution was
not merely to out material wealth. Rut
the larger returns our farmers are
getting from their labor, and money,
and the great agricultural awakening
now In progress arc- emphatically due
to his intelligence. teachings, and
demonstrations. It is appropriate,
therefore, that his influence should be
perpetuated and made operative
through the activttes cd' the Knapp
Farm and School Of Country Life to
be established at Nashville and in'
connection with George Pasvbody Col?
by,- for Teachers, it is highly ap?
propriate that this should be done
mainly ti rough the small contribu?
tions, How muc h better that a mul?
titude- i f nlckles and dimes and dol?
lars shall establish this public-service
institution for the entire South than
to ask a few m< n t?? give the whole
sum.
When 1150,000 is collected for the
farm and school building $250,000
will be added for endowment of th?
Se hoed of Country Life by the Gener?
al Education Board, So other such
institution exists. It will start out
with the purpose of reaching and h< ip
\uk ? very school and farm in the
South. Tins institution will be a lab?
oratory, a (baring house, and an as.
se mbiing place for agricultural and
educational workers. Eventually i'
will have demonstration schools in
e-ach state and County teac hing its les?
sons. It will be a working, Using me?
morial, but in a consplcuo is place will
aisee appear a life-slsed statue of I >r
Knapp.
The Si ite ami county superintend?
ents of education are- taking the bad
in tbis movement. It will be- ,i worthy
tribute t.. a worthy man. The name
e.t e.o b contributor wll he kepi as a
grab ful record,
Suggested Program for Knapp tgrl
c uiturai Hay.
November 27th, 1912, or the nearest
coiiveuh u t elate-:
1. Songs, b> the audience.
2. ib'W tin ruble teaches agricul?
ture, bj an in* Ited m Inlet er
::. How l)r Seaman A, Knapp pre
pared himself for great service, i?y a
l?oy.
4. What Dr. Knapp taught, quota*
; ions by class of pupils.
"?. Song or recitation.
?). How* the Demonstration Work
was organized and conducted, hy a
demonstration agent or other h ading
citlsen.
7. How I>r. Knapp's work helped
this community, this state, and the
South, hy three boye.
8. How 1 grew my crop, by a <"<.rri
Club hoy.
i?. What I did with my vegetables
and fruits, hy throe girls.
10. The strength, beauty and truth
of Nature: Selections from the great,
poets and h?\ers of the country, by a
class of pupils.
11. The best farm crops for this
community, and why, by several
pupils; display and judging of pro?
ducts in school exhibit.
12. How to express our apprecia?
tion of Dr. Knapp's great services and
perpetuate his influence; collecting
contributions, pledges.
Why Victor Borger Believes in
Socialism.
In the November American Maga?
zine appears an article entitled "The
Progressive's Dilemma." In it the
fact is brought out that all the can?
didates this fall are making a bid for
the progressive vote. Authorized
statements appear from leading pro?
gressives who give their reasons for
voting as they intend to. Jane Ad
dams and Herbert Croley write in be?
half of Roosevelt. Herbert Quick
tells why he going to vogB for Wilson.
Senator Charles B. Townsend, of
Michigan, explains his preference for
Taft. Victor L. Barger, the first So?
cialist who ever sat in Congress, tells
why he is for Debs. Following is an
extract from his article:
"Why am I going to vote for Debs?
A* good a man as Kugene V. Debs is
I am not going to vote for him in the
sense one is voting for Wilson, Taft
or Roosevelt?I simply vote the tick?
ets of the Socialist party. I have no
hope that the Socialist party will elect
its candidate for president in this elec?
tion. With us the Socialist move?
ment and its principles are para?
mount?not the candidate.
"The Socialist party stands for the
collective ownership of all the social
means of production, and distribution
in the interest of the whole people.
"Socialists say than*: this step is the
necessary and natural outcome of the
concentration of wealth and of the de?
velopment of capitalism,
"Antagonists of Socialism in the
past claimed that collective ownership
if an industry waa impossible because
the personal supervision and control
of the owner was absolutely necessary
to the success of any enterprise.
"Today we see that the greatest un?
dertakings are those in which the
stocftholders and owners have noth?
ing to do with the management of
Affairs and are onry drawing divi?
dends.
"la ail our large industrial concerns
-?stock companies, railroads and
.trusts? business is managed and car?
ried on by a few paid officials.; These
men might just as well be paid by the
State, or the nation (as the case me.y
be(, to carry on the enterprise in the
Interest of the people, as paid by a
few wealthy men to carry it on for
their individual prelit.
"Moreover, we find that whenever
the nation, State or community has
undertaken to own and manage any
large industry, railroad, mine, fac?
tory, telegraph, telephone, mill, or
canal, etc., this invariably redounded
to the benefit Of the commonwealth?
the inherent weakness of <?ur political
Spoils system, notwithstanding.
"This idea, carried out gradually
and logically, involves a complete
change of oar economic and political
system.
"Political equality under the pres?
ent system is a snare and delusion.
The wage worker who depends upon
master or upon the master class for
an opportunity to make a living is not
on terms of equality with his master.
"Political liberty and economic des?
potism are incompatible.
"The Socialist party proposed to
supplement our political democracy
by industrial democracy.
"No one dreams of abolishing pri?
vate property. On the eontrary. wo
propose to secure private property to
every citizen, to the many million
men and women who under the pr< s
ent system have n<? chance of ever
having any. Productive capital only
is to be owned In common, by the n i
tion, the Statt' or the municipality as
the exigencies of the case may require.
Business will be carried on for us and
not for profit. This Is the case now
in the postoffice, water works, public
Bchools, etc., wherever^ owned and
managed l y the people.
"Such Is the aim of the Socialist
party."
Knev. What He Was Doing.
A five-year old boy in Riverside, Cal.,
recently made a plo according to hit
own observations, cutting openings in
the top cruet for the steam to escape
When his father said to him, "The
steam will come out." ho straighten?
ed up an<l with emphasis replied: "Fro
making a pie and not a boiler."
PEACE RETURNS TO COLLEGE.
So Author Trouble F\pee ted as Ko
siiit of Strike Against Ant I-Social
< rdinancc.
Btarkville, Miss., Nov. 11 Pears
reigns at thfl Mississippi Agricultural
and Mechanical colleg6 today. Two
hundred and twenty-five students an?
swered roll call at the chapel and
further trouble is not anticipated.
The striking students, nearly 700 in
number, h;t\<- n turned to their homes.
*
The college authorities announce that
many of the m will be permitted to
return under ce rtain conditions and
parents are t1(,w conducting negotia?
tions to that end Many applicant*
will be received to take the place of
the dismissed Students. The strike
l??gan last Saturday when the male
students objected to an order issued
by the fac ulty that they must refrain
from conversing with the female stu?
dents except during class hours.
WOULD GET VETERAN'S ADVICE.
Bryan Has Plan for Utilization of Ser?
vices of Former Presidents and
Vice President*.
Washington, Nov. 13.?A plan to
admit former presidents, former vice
presidents and former speakers of the
house of representatives to the floors
of the two houses of congress, with
the privilege of debate, but not of
voting upon pending measures, was
broached here today by W. J. Bryan.
Mr. Bryan's statement was coupled
with a declaration that he favored a
change in the time of convening con
gross, so that the new sessions would
begin shortly after new members took
e.mce, March 4.
LOW EXCURSION RATES
Via Soutliern Railway?Premier Car?
riers of the south.
Exceptionally low party fares, for
military companies and brass bands in
uniform, twenty or more on one tick?
et, from principal points in South
Carolina.
Tickets on sale November 16-22.
Final return limit, November 25, 1912.
Extra equipment on all passenger
trains to ac commodate the travel.
Vaa u^l vuract ioiks.
Greatest squadron of U. S. Warships
ever seen in the South. Big stock,
poultry snd ^gr!f*u'tura'1 <>v>?t>?tt
spl l
For I
local tic . ff<
Division Passenger Agent,
Charleston, S. C.
W. F.. MeGEE,
Assistant General Passenger Agt.
Columbia. S. C.
Advt.
S3.or> to Charleston and Kot urn. An?
nual Fair?Battleship Week?No?
vember 18-23. 1912.
On account of the above occasion
the Atlantic Coast Dine railroad offers
tlie above attractive round trip rate to
Charleston, S. C. wh*re the Annual
Agricultural and St<>*k Fair will be
held.
Thirteen United States hsttlsships,
riding at anchor for the inspection
and education of ynung America, af?
fording a rare tre at and SPectSClS not
often prese nted. Do not miss the op?
portunity of seeing a representative
division of the United States navy in
home wate rs.
Children 5 velars of age- and under,
half fare.
Selling dates: fCoV. ISth-ltade, in?
clusive-, with exception of the 17th.
Return limit: Limited to reach
original starting point got later than
midnight of November 25th, 11*12.
For schedules or other information,
consult your local ticket agent or ad?
dress
T. C, WHITE.
General Passenger Agent.
Wilmington, N. C.
w CRAIO,
Passenger Traffic Manager,
Wilmington N. C.
Vdvt.
SCHEDULES
Southern Kallwa>? Premier Carrier
"of The South.
_
N. B.? Schedule figures published
as information only and are not guar?
anteed. Effective September 1Mb.
1111.
Departure- from Sumte r (Except
Sunday):
No. 140 c.30 a if. for Columbia,
Charleston and w;i> stations,
No. 142?1.61 p. it. for Columbia,
Charleston and way stations.
Arrival: (Except Sunday.):
No. in -10.18 v. II. from Char*
leston, Columbia and way stations.
Ni>. it:; -6.36 P. II. from Charles?
ton, Columbia and way stations,
w. h. Caitey, D, P. a.
?'b rU ston*
w. B. ItcOee, A. 0. P. a.
Columbia. S. C,