The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, May 13, 1911, Image 2
? Ik u?lattbnuui :uiD Routinen.
Published YYcdneMti> anil Saturday.
?BY?
osteen publishing company
Sl'MTER. S. C.
I i I Hi?
ll. 50 per annum?in advance.
AdYcrtUctncnis:
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1m-ery subsequent Insertion.f?0
Contracts for three months, or
longer will be made at reduced rates.
All communications which sub?
serve private Interests will be charged
for as advertisements.
Obituaries and tributes of resp? et
will be charged for.
The sumter Watchman was found
ad In I860 and the True Southron in
III? The Watchman and Southron
mow has tht combined circulation snd
Influence cf both of the old papers,
and is manifestly the best advertising
medium in Sumter.
, ??mum?
If President Taft and the cooler
heads of congress do not Jit tight on
the lid this country will be Invo'ved
In a war with Me\n i g ithln thirty
days. The situation is extremely crit?
ical and there appears to be powerful
ln?eref>ts In favor ..f an invasion of
Mexico. The army officers will nat?
urally heartily approve of a war. for
It la oniy by war that thai snag win
fame and rapid promotion, but neith?
er the regular army officers nor the
contractors who furnish supplies
should be allowed to Influence con?
gress to commit the country to a
policy ?f aggression that would cost
this c >nntry hundreds of millions of
dollars and thousands of lives. It
seems to us that the Vnlted States
might be able to Insist upon the cre?
ation of a neutral BOM five or ten
miles wide along the Mexican border,
Into which neither th- 1 nor th?
revolutionary troops of Mexico should
enter. This would prevent the repe?
tition of Incidents such as have re
eently occurred at El Paso. Texas and
Douglas. Arhv, where American clt
rxcnv? on American soil were killed
In their homes by stray bullets from
the guns of the warring Mexican
for. es on the border.
gas
Th.' efforts of County Superintend?
ent of Education Haynsworth to or?
ganise the Sumter County Association
Of School Trustees merits and should
M9S**a the hearty support and co?
operation of m. ho. i trusiees of
|h* co jnt% l'he *i? .?I. d .? ? md
wsaknc<M of Uta public school? Is
and bus tlirayj besn, the lash iyn>|
tcm unu ^vuord?wUui? in? j
agement. and this can be remedied ,
?nly by a closer and more thorough
supervision of the schools by the
County superintendents and the active
and intelligent cooperation >f the
trustees working together and with
the County Superintendent to make
the schools under their direction do
better and nwr. thorough work In ac
aatdsnce w ith a well th night out plan.
The public ? boois should not be in?
dependent organizations but co-ordi?
nating units of a harmonious whole.
Superintendent Haynsworth's plan to
organize the trustees has this objeei
in BtSjSJ and if the trustees give him
th* ipf it hi has a right to expect
snd that the Importance of the issue
at stake demands, the resulting Im?
provement in th *\\<<\< will amply
rewa d the trustee* for the additional
service they will he called upon to
I
perferm as a matter of public duty.
SOS
The (iii-'ii i irv conditions in th'
State Penitentiary?the place is a
verlti. Ms test house and Incubator of
consumption according |g the report
at the State I'.oard of Health?de?
mand that Immediate and vigorous
measures taken to remedy the
evils e\j,,.. ,i and QOSsf inned in th*
report Tin d i rectors of the M",.i
tentlii\ should not wait until the
legislator, no . || to authorize the be?
ginning of the . -.nMruction of the
Instituten that humans consldero-'
tloi,., ?p.tund and there should be a
hou*?- i? ining ai l a chaise in meth?
ods nfong the lines ree..mou nded by
the Star I'.oard of Health. The
profits from the State I'arms that
ar ? annually turned into the Stal ?
Tr . -ms WOUld m ? f*U years pro*
vide an.pie funds to er? of a BOW
State Prison, built on sanitary and
hvvr ? nh lines] and if th s Is BjOOOi
sary to sav? the prisoners from ln
fe, I |aa an I a itOSJ and painful iba'ti
fr?re i . urnptlon. the ofd and di<
ea.-e p. i ineated prison buildings
should bs raisd to th?- ground and
new building* rp cted In their places,
? ?i
It *s to be hop d that the mistake
make In ordering the Main ItfOol
bond . '.'li n. ie < e,Mlt?itlng the hold
Inu of ? ? ond , i. . lion to remb r the
bond SBftM Valid, will not be th I
cause, or saeuSs, for a still furt'n r
delay In sssjlniitng wok on the puv
Ing Nothing fie. d be said coiea rri
Itils' th, SJSffOnt im . d for the rehabili?
tation of fhs street, it hi than to i ??
sen and nothing that ? -old bs Id
or srftttssj oould ssjnal tha facta RH
a K.I deal cuild b .id in t esp< ?:
It the unwisdom of the pall
persist*-n! procrastination that has
Farmers' U)
-Ae
Practical Thoughts f<
(Conducted by K. YV. Da libs, 1'iosi
Co
Home itnmiom Tttoughu
our two clippings, "The On* horse
Farmer," and "our Lesson from the
Orient" deserves ;t ? areful r ading
fr<>m both the OnS*horSC farmer and
the rub land OWttSr with hil thous?
ands of .0 it s. The formsr that he
BJiaj doohlS UP his force and more
than double his efficiency by double
horse power, and the latter that he
may study bow to in* lease the ?f?
Boleney of every tenant on his broad
acres. It || refreshing OttOS in a
while to run across a landlord who
is showing bis tenants bow to farm
better ami Is enabling them to farm
with a system that Increases the ef?
ficiency of every laborer they have,
mcToaasg the productivity of every
acre, and make* OS oh little farm, be
it one-horse or more, an Independ?
ent little prlnelpallty In the realm
of King Cotton. owing to the fact
of so many land owners, who from I
Inability to plant at laziness, or n
don't car - "the land will last out |
my time" policy, basing the tenant,
I'e be t\er so ign?rant, absolutely
his ?um master, the problem for th
public spirit* d landowner is ma do
ten time** harder. But there seemi
to be a leaven at work, mid more !
farms are being run with WagSl
hands or carefully SUpervlS id share- j
croppers than there were a few yean
ago. anil we hope the time is not far
distant when every farm will be run
by either its owner or his efficient
overseer on the Spot to direct into
profltahlS channels the labor that is
now going to waste by being dissipat?
ed over half prepared, half fertilis?
ed, poorly cultivated acres. There ||
profit in it for ail concerned, for the
laborer who makes a scant living by
reason Of hli crude haphazard work,
for the efficient overseer or super?
intended! who has not the means to
farm himself as his intelligence
would warrant, and for the land
owners who to net three of four dol?
us an acre rent now, sees his
htrfh-rtgnt stripped of ~" Its 1
and one* beautiful virgin forests
now g scanty growth of. mongrel
scrub trees or fertile fields washed
?nd gullied rr wa up in patches ol
Urs and bushes, and the very sea?
sons of his county changed by th?>
unnatural condition brought about by
the on restricted liberty of vandals,
ml.snuned tenants. Now don't
anybody get mad at the picture drawn
by the language used above, If you
ire 1 good tenant who Is improving
the farm you are on you are making
money and have a good work to be
proud of. second only to the pride you
will have when you own your own
little or big farm. And you will co?
operate with your landlord for still
l etter results. If you are a progres?
sive landlord you should i>e encour?
aged 10 g?? forward in the good work
? u have hegun. If yotl are a "don't
ire" landlord or a thriftless ten?
ant you should be ashamed of get
ling mad at seeing BO g'?od a picture
Of your m an little self, you should
turn o\er a m vv leaf and resolve to
get Into the line of progress and help
to develop the undreamed <>f re?
sources fo your aatlVS land. This
is what the Farmers' I'nlon stands
for?Every man an oAotont factor
In his Country's progress- And as
Mr. Aldrlch said at Cain's mill, every
farmer owes a moral duty to do his
part by loyal cexoneration and mem
hershp In 'hi* organisation which la
working for his country's highest In?
terest, Ami every patriotic citisen In
whatever calling be may be (and
tb ?se who fatten on the misfortunes
of his fellow man are not patriotic,
mo- can they be called good citizens
by any stretch of Imagination),
should see thai whit Mr. Poe says Is
emlnentl) true; your prosperity is
measured by the prosperity f the
0V< rage man. B* W. 1>.
i ? % I -Holts I; FARM Hits \\l> ONK
IIOKHK r'AIt.MINti.
I! i Fact Ib..i We Think a Man Can
in, Hotter Panning With Two
Hordes Ibora Kot Mem That We l>o
\oi Honor One-Horse Partners us
II Man?Once tgnlll, the Reason
Wh) one-ii< r-e Panning is i n
pi olitahle.
Messrs, Bdltors: if .1 man has not
milked the management of the p'au
to ui\o the city a decent thorough
hire, The people demand It and the
taxpayers and olectors have endorsed
I hi plan to pnvc the street with the
proceeds of the bond ISSUO, The mat
tar has been talked of for more than
i year, and it has been ? known f ict
for months that the woi k Is to be
dons Some day. therefore, why not
pi.ed to lit the contract and have
the street paved before the fall s m
son opens?
tiion News |
or Practical Farmers J)
idem Partners' Union of Sumter il
?untjr*) I
land enough or force enough to ke.?p
two horses at v. oik. it |j very doubt?
ful whether it will pay him to buy u
second mule, end feed him. while
much ol the time he is standing
idle.
Let us eee how much that extra
mule < ( sts him. Value it at $L'0n.
The Interest on the money will te?
at least $14. The deterioration
from ln< leasing age and danger of
death at least $21?. Shoeing. $10;
and feed $100. We will offset the at?
tention by the manure. Bo thla addi?
tional mule will cost the tenant about
$14 1 a year. He will not need him
except in breaking time, for, if
four.-", it is eonceded that he must
have horse-power enough to culti?
vate his crops. Can in afford to
pay out this much in order to
break his one-horse /arm with a
two-horse plow? i have watched the
matter with some interest. I have a
tenant who has been doing fairly well
with one horse, saving something
every year. Fast year he wanted to try
(Wo horses. and though thla has
Ieen the best year we have had for
some time, it is the first year in
h he has fallen behind. He in?
creased his yield somewhat, hut not
near as much as the increased ex?
pense, The interest and the feed
hill did it. The horse is one of the
heaviest of the farm expenses, and
i feel satisfied that it rarely pays to
keep nor. horses than you have
land and labor with which to k< ep
them employed.
There la another trouble with us
i
in the Cotton Belt, Neither the i
cotton m?r the corn is usually offj
th- land before December; and by
that tine- the wet season has set in
and there are not many day a when
the ground is dry enough to plow,
and especially to subsoil, Under the
usual methods of planting, even the
horses we have are idlest in the fall
?the very best breaking time. Un?
til we adopt some method of getting
the land chared of the crop in time
lor Me- fad bri -!<inu. an axtrs h< I |
would be .'o added expense and a]
usei<burden. ? * i
If. however a Mian can got hit
i - this cropi and grants
to plow deep, he need not he deter?
red by the fact that he has but one
horse, it", instead <>f tilling each
furrow with its successor, and
breaking the land "Hat," he beds it
in the fall, In ridges 12 to IS inches
apart, he will leave the subsoil ex?
posed then he can come back to it
and 'ink one, two or three furrows
with . bull-tongue plow, going deep?
er, and doing*, the work better than
If he plowed <?ne furrow with two
horses and I roke it Hat. When lands
are broken ind left tint, the fressest
pulverise tie surface as tine as
Hour; the rains puddle it. and turn
it into ;t paste like dough, so that
the spring often finds the plowed
land with i t rust harder than where
m? plowing was done. This is not,
however, the case where the Luid is
broken by fall bedding. The ad?
vantages of this method of break?
ing are:
< i ) We can plow the sod a/hen it
Is in proper condition, and wait un?
til tl\e subsoil If dry enough to plow
without sticking?
(2) We can plow deeper, one horse
Under this plan going deeper than
two horse with the covered-furrow
method.
( :'. ) We hav e almost tw ice the sur?
face exposed to the action of the ele?
ments which convert earth to soil.
i i? Tin- freeses do not pulverize
the surface and leave it wh.. :?? it can
puddle, but it falls into a furrow
having ftesh surfaces exposed to oxi?
dation and njtrifactton.
? 5 > The ruins do not strike the
surface BQuarely, and heat it hard,
but wash off the sides, constantly
leaving new parts exposed.
(6) It leaves the subsoil ??tootled*'
and th;- SOU tied to it, so that the
?luiger of washing is greatly re?
timed.
1 7 i In clay subsoils it tends to
conserve the moisture and prevent
? leeplng too rapidly down the hills.
i ha t e ntfich respect for t he one
horae farmer- the young man who
is just starting on; in lif ? w ith only
his wile ami perhaps one or two lit?
tle fellows to Inlp him. And also
the old man, after the children have
nearly all left him. They are often
good farmers ami very good eftlsens
ami l rarelj find that my two horse
tenants more than double the crop-;
of my one-horse tenants on double
tie land and with double the stock,
H) breaking and subaolling his land,
by tali bedding, l feel confident that
tie on* -horse farmer will do ever
better than his two-horse competitor
w In? plow s flat,
Wm. If, JONES,
1 Bpartanburg, s. C,
Editorial Comment,
Our friend has put ui> rather an in?
genious d< f< use of the farming
methods which have resulted In
the South producing little or no
more cotton i> r acre than it
did 40 years ago, notwithstand?
ing that his own Statt- upends
about 11 ,-> for commercial fertiliser
for every bale of cotton produced.
We tlo not think it worth while ar?
guing this caae. All any man has to
do to be convinced is to take all the
dtfferenl states of the Union ami
find out tin- number of farm
work stock to each farm worker,
ami then the average yearly earn?
ings ( f the farm workers in these
States. He will find that where the
number of farm work stock is larg?
est in prportlon to the farm work?
ers, there he will also liml, with reg?
ularity, that the avearge farm work?
er earns most. How can our friend
? irplaln the constancy of these rela?
tions, if the extra work stock does
not increase the earning capacity of
the man?
in the first place, we wish to state
that we also have much respect for
many one-horse farmers; hut in suoji
a case as this the absurd Idea of res?
pect or lack of respect docs not en?
ter into the proposition. We do not
base oilr real.t for a man on such
thinus; hut we know many men for
whom we have the greatest resp 't
who are mighty poor farmers. They
are honest. kind and industrious,
and in many cases have much knowl?
edge, and consequently have a right
to and receive our respect; hut that
does not mean that they are doing
the best farming or that they could
not do better farming if they should
two horses and two-horse imple?
ments and methods. Let us be done
wtlh the silly Idea that because we
state a man is not doing a.': good farm?
ing as he might, that we do not re?
spect him as a man.
We have repeatedly pointed "tu iti
The Progressiv.- Farmer that the
mule or horse is the most expensive
animal kept ,,rt the farm fend that
he should be kept busy all the year.
We have also stated that if a man
is going to continue to use one-horse
implements and one-horse methods,
two horses will be a needles ex
P'll.-e.
Our correspondent places the cost
of keeping a mule at a price beyond
all reason: but even accepting his
estimate of $111. which I? anywhere
from 50 to ?,,,! per cent too high,
we hav< no hesitation In stating that
an\ man Who win use tWO-hOrse Ini
P emeni an I direct the work aith
't a >rs< :-i**?,., can mane two
mules earn $14 t more than one
horse, used to one-horse implements
with the old "one-horse methods.*'
The trouble is we are so se*. in the
habits formed by using one horse
we do not make full use of the sec?
ond horse, in many cases, when we
have him. Our friend says: "It
rarely pays to keep more horses than
yon have land and labor with which
to keep them employed." That is
i ertain)) true, but it is begging the
real question. One man can keep
two horses employed if he uses two
horse implements and manages prop?
erly. If hi' uses the extra mule only
for breaking the land, it is indeed
doubtful whether it will pa; him to
buy :i second mule. There are wo
errors Involved here: < l ? Two horses
will do better and more economical
preparation and cultivation after the
land is "broken," and (2) he should
not buy another mule. He should
get a mare and when not used in
breaking the land and preparing and
cultivating the land better than cni
be done with one horse, employ her
in rearing a colt and in that way
?nable her to pay for her keep.
The method of breaking the land
with a one-horse polwf which our
correspondent has described, need
ma be discussed; for it is simply a
ease of putting up a "straw man*'
for tic pelasure of knocking him
doWll. If this is the best Ml ttlOU Of
breaking land, we submit thai it can
be bettor and more rapidly dote in
this way with two horses than with
one. Everything which he states is
besl wtlh tin- one-horse plow, can be
better done with the two-horse plow.
We do not agree with all that is -aid
about the methods plowing the
land, but it" it is correct, it can be
better don, with :i two-horse plow.
Moreover .the irgument thai the
crops aii- not removed from the
Heids until December is of no force;
for if good two-h? rse methods of
farming are used they will be gotten
out I efore thai time, In lot. when
bo|| weevil makes his appearance in
South Carolina, we predict thai the
'he one-horse farmer wit! g< t he- cot?
ton out b. fore I >ecemb< r.
The ohi system of negro, one-horse
tenant-, with the whit, owners living
in town or failing to give his personal
attention to the forming of his land,
is doomed, it will do- hard, but it
will receive its tin i] death blow in
the appearance ,.|" the boll weevil.
? 'to- man must have sufficient knowl?
edge to direct two horses and land
ami cropping system sufficient to
keep Hntn employed; becaue the
more horses, mares, cows, hogs ami
poultry a man has working for him.
the more he can . irn.
\\? are finding no p< r> >nal fault
vith the one-horse farmer. We are
not even making the elaim that in
gome rare cases it may not he neces?
sary to do fanning with one horse,
but we are certain, it' u man will use
two-horse Implements, plan his crop
right and UK6 modern methods, he
can make m?re clear money, 111?
more horses and other animals he
succeeds in keeping at work t<<i him.
?Progressive Farmer.
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH CAROLINA
Dillon County has sold i'l'j.OOO
worth of its $100,000 Issue ??f road
bonds and tin- r imalnder will be sold
a.- th?- money is needed. Th* Bank
<>f Dillon bought the bonds on a 5
per cent basis.
I IK >L A KM III* KXAMIN \ I K)\.
The University of South Carolina
oh is scholarships in the school of
Education t? one young man from
? ach county. Bach scholarship Is
\v< rih $100 in money, and SI* term
ice and free tuition.
Bxamlnati >n will be held at the
county s?at July 14, It-it. Examina?
tion of stud, nts generally for admis?
sion to the University will be held at
the same time.
Write for information to
S. C. MrrvitKLL. President
< tolusabta, s. C.
l fcW.3t-4-lt
You and Your Money
It* you transact beutnesj here you have the satisfaction of know?
ing that it Is looked after as you would have it, being saf? and
accurately accounted ofr. You.* money is working for you, mak?
ing it easy to pay bills; is drawing interest or enabling you to
build up your credit.
THE PEOPLES' BANK,
,12 V. . LlltKHTY ^T.
SUMTER, s. C.
DON'T
WHIP YOUR HORSE
If he appears restless and nervous,
the chances are he is being tor?
mented by flies or some other bit?
ing insect. This hot weather your
horse certainly needs some sort of
protection from this nuisance.
SHEPHERD'S FLY
= GUARD =
is highly recommended to keep
flies, mosquitoes, etc. at a distance.
The directions are very simple, you
simply spray the Guard on the ani?
mal and these pests will look for
something else to worry. The
Guard can also be used as a lini?
ment for sore back, galls and old
sores.
Better Try a Bottle, Only 25 Cents
O'DONNELL 6 CO.
Stem the Tide
Its been >aiti "1 here is a tide in the affairs of man,
which taken at its flood, leads on to riches."
Keep your account with
THE FARMERS' BANK & TRUST CO.
And be prepared to stein the tide.
LIME, CEMENT, ^^A^^'JSiR
Hav (Train ,;,,r I'leur. f*blp Stuff, Bran.
iiii>, v 11 ciiii. MUedeowand Chicken Feed.
Horses, Mules, B^,0*' a""
No Order Im Large Or Too Small.
Booth-Harby Live Stock Co.
SUMTER, SOUTH CAROLINA