Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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SHIMS THE INDIANS. 4<>tkKK" WRTTTEN INTO APPRO? PRIATION iui i Utmtomt Official* Will Bring Suit ?a Keep Unscrupulous Men From SeripHng N tuinU Wealth. Beverly. Meat.. Aug. 8.?A vigorous prosecution to reclaim title to a vent amount of Indian land In Oklahoma le being planned by the department of Justice for the coming autumn. Oae of i he principal actione in proa peot la to over ome the effect of the Ingenious "Joker" which was written Into the Indian appropriation bill Just before that measure waa handed to the president for his signature. The "Joker" was discovered by Solicitor General Bowers, but It was agreed between the president and Mr. Bow era that it was too late to send the bill back to congress and a means of offsetting the "Joker" would be de? vised. This "Joker." which now is a lav/, granted the right to appeal to the United States supreme court in a case Involving more than SO,000 In? dian contracts which had been de? cided In favor of the government by the court of appeala of the Eighth clreuit. As the matter had been taken Into the circuit court on a demurrer, the defendants had no right of appeal to the supreme court. Move for Delay. It Is the belief of the government officials that the authority to appeal was sought and secured, not with any idea that the case might be won In the court of final resort, but simply to gain a delay of a year or 18 months. The belief is based on the fact that the lands Involved in this case are practically coal and oil lands and every day that passes they are being stripped of their natural resources as fast as the coal can be mined and the oil pumped. A year and a half de? lay means millions of dollars to the claimant*. The plan to offset this movement by the possessors of the laad Is to apply to the United States court in Oklahoma for a receiver tor the lands Just aa soon as the autumn term beginn. In this way the court will exerc' ?e full control over all the operations Well Known Men Involved. It Is said that the department of Justice officers have unearthed a startling condition of affairs involv? ing many well known persons which will come out fully when the cases are heard. The government Is fight? ing the cases hard for the Indians and once the lands are reclaimed It la proposed further to protect them If congress can be prevailed upon to do so. The defendants in some of the ac? tions that are pending have offered unique legal propositions to be met i't the government. In the first place they claim that having given the land to Indians the government has not the constitutional right to restrict this land. The court of appeals decided against this claim, however. It Is now srgued fn another case that the Indians have been granted citizenship and have become citizens of the State ami con? gress) has not the right to act respect? ing them. Novel Answer Likewise. The government Is preparing a novel answer to this suit. It will be contended that while Indians may have been granted the right of citizen? ship under the United States they do not become citizens. Under the 14th amendment providing that persons hern In and under the Jurisdiction of the United States or naturalised, were cltisens of the United States ard of the State In which they reside. It will be claimed that the Indians were not bom under the Jurisdiction of the I'nlted States but under their tribal Jurisdiction. The United States deals with the tribes but never with the Individuals. President Taft has tedd several of his callers recently that he was fully acquainted with Vice President Sher? man's attitude as to the Indian con? tracts case. Involved In the Gore charges, and that he knew the vice president was strenuously opposed to allowing the big fees to attorneys. si it \<. NTATl Superintendent of Fduoatlon Wants l>l<4|M'imary Money. <'ounty Superintendent of Kdu< ? lion R. E. Nicholson through the law firm of Ponham. Walking 1 Allen, has instituted mandamus pr? ceedlngs In the supreme court of the St?te against the State Treasurer and others to << mp?d them to pay to thu county what dispensary money they may hold, and which should go to the schools of Anderson county. If this action Is successful Ander? son county will receive, roughly es? timated, between $?.000 and $8.000. In case oflo r monies have been col? lected from tb" wime source Ander? son's part may exceed this amount. Mr. Nicholson's position Is that the legislature exceeded Its authority In paslng sn set In violation of the State constitution requiring dispensary to be appropriated annualy, act of 1*10, retains all of while the the dlnpensary profits in the State Treasury for future apportionment by legislation, with the exception of $30,000, which is appropriated to ex nd the terms of the school in cor ain school districts, and $20,000 to encourage the building of new school houses.?Anderson Dally Mail. EQUATORIAL AFRICA. Three Things s White Person Mus\ Have to Live There. Without a mosquito bnr a white per? son would be unable to live ob tbe equator, writes Ida Vera Simonton in the Delineator. No matter how bot aud stifling the night?and no other place can be so stifling as tbe equatorial African night during the long rainy season Id tbe midst of the Jungle?one must sleep under a closely fucked in mos? quito bar, not tbe ventilated kind civ? ilization knows, but one of closely woven stuff through wblcb no air cir? culates. > when the mosquito bar was let down it took in almost tbe entire room, but it proved especially useful in sick? ness and convalescence. It permitted existence free from Insect bites. Ah malaria is the white man's most in? sidious foe and comes from the bite of tbe mosquito, every precaution must be taken against it. Three things are absolutely necessary in Africa?a mos? quito bar, a water filter and quinine. The bed was made by a native car? penter. The frame was of wood, the slats of bamboo ribs fitted closely to? gether wltb the pith side uppermost. They didn't give a bit and were an excellent dancing floor for the dried plantain leaves which made the mat? tress. The leaves were confined be? neath ticklug tacked to the four sides of the bed. but they matted easily, and every night it was continuous leaf turning for me. The bamboo was slip? pery, and insomnia kept me and the leaves on tbe move, so that most of the time 1 slept on a hard surface. My pillow was of dried sweet smelling grass. Whoever says that bard beds are bcautitiers should sleep upon an African bed. ILLUSTRATORS' WOES. Errors That Wer? Pointsd Out by Un? feeling Editors. "Now, what do you think of that?" asked the youthful illustrator ruefully as he tossed bis comrade a letter. It was from an editor, and Its mandate was stern. It said: "Dear Sir?Permit me to call your attention to the lmportanee of reading a story before attempting to illustrate it I am aware that the modern artist does not observe this rule, but it is imperative In this office, if you will examine the text of the story sent you for Illustration you will learn that the army officer mentioned is said to have taken his llshiug reel out of his haver? sack, and you have made a picture showing this offlcev?who. by the way. Is a brigadier general?with a knap? sack strapped to his back. A knap? sack, my dear sir. is not a haversack. Furthermore, no army officer ever car? ried a knapsack or ever will carry one. If tbe general should see youi* drawing he would be insulted. Will you please acquaint yourself thorough? ly with the appearauce of a haversuck, correct your drawing aud return it to this office at the earliest possible date?" ^ "Just think of haviug to know all such details!" exclaimed -e artist wrathfully. "That's nothing." his studio comrade responded consolingly. "I made an awful break once. I painted a picture to illustrate a story in which a widow got married, and 1 depicted the bride in a long white veil. Of course I thought the drawing was a beauty and a wonder, and I was ecstatic over the way I had handled that effect in white. Imagine how crushed 1 was to have the editor-by tbe way. she was a woman?smile witherlngly and tell me that no widow ever wore a veil when being remarried. How was I to know that? 1 have never been a widow."?New York Press. Perfectly Cool. Mr. Flgg-??(lasser says he kept per? fectly cool last night when Mat bur glur got Into the BOOMO. Mrs. Flgir - So his wile told me. She found him trying to hide in the refrigerator.? Boston Transcript. The Iteal Winners of Lawsuits. Minneapolis Journal. Peter McKenale, the last of the old Hudson Hay tat tors, had always a great hatred and fear of lawsuits. "I dined with Mr. McKenzie In Montr**] not long ago," said a min? im* engineer of New York, "and he n Iterated his dread ol lawsuits, driv? ing home his point with a story. " Me boM that i certain smith won ? in the lower courts, the hixh er courta ft"d the supreme court Smith pros thus Anally awarded after seven s?;irs of litigation, 1100,000. When Smith head the glad news h?< sped t?? his lawyers. "Hurrah!" he said. "Gimme my $:iou,ooo." " I sea I lit, 001 was the award," said th<- lawyer, and at the same time he h mood smith ? dollar bill, "hut?what's, this for?" Smith k.- i Bed, "That's nil that's b ft. Mr. Smith." explained the lawy? r. "after deducting my fee, the cost of the various ap poali and other SlpfinSSS. whleh will bo duly rendered v u in an Itemised I ount." I' .or Smith studied the bill In his h i nd. "S iv, what's the matter with this0" he dornanded. "Is It bad." Frigid Yield From Greenland's Icy Mountains. THE MAKING OF AN ICEBERG. Hug* Sheets of Im a Mil* Thick In Places Slid* Down to ths Sss, and ss ths Ends Become Too Hssvy They Braak Off and Form Borgs. At any time of the year ice may be encountered In the Atlantic north of the fortieth parallel of latitude, ap? proximately that of New York, and between 42 and 05 degrees west longi? tude, but It is in spring, when the In? creasing warmth of the sun loosens the arctic floes and causes the bergs to melt and float from the places where they have been stranded, that there is the greatest danger to the mariner. The bergs have their origin almost exclusively in western Greenland, al? though a few may come around Cape Farewell from the Spitzbergen sea and some from Hudson bay. A huge sheet of ice a mile thick in places covers the whole of Greenland. This gradually slides down the valley toward the sea. Into which it Is thrust In great sheets fifty miles wide. As these ends become too heavy they break off and become bergs. The proc? ess is known as "calving." The pieces set adrift thus may be a thousand feet out of the water and a mile square, but as they drift about they become broken and continue to diminish in size until they finally disappear com? pletely. The process sometimes takes several years. Once set adrift Icebergs find their way into the Labrador current and be? gin their Journey. But of all bergs so set adrift only a very small proportion ever find their way into the path of the transatlantic steamships. Nor do all bergs take the same course. Some go south; others lodge against the shore or against islands. Two years may separate the time that two bergs reach a low latitude, though they were "calved" at th?? same mo? ment. Field ice also offers an obstruction to the Icebergs, though by thsir great size atd bulk they often act as plows and aid materially in breaking up the ice fields which obstruct the arctic ba? sin. Ice fields are more affected by the wind than are icebergs. Bergs gener? ally drift with the current, so that one sometimes is seen moving into the wind. Advantage is taken of this by the sealing and fishing boats when caught in an ice field. They often moor to an Iceberg and are towed miles through the ice. through which otherwise they could make no headway. This in ac? complished by sinking an anchor into the berg and using a strong towline. As the berg advances open rater, with small floating ice, is left astern. But this is Indeed a dangerous thing to do. All ice is brittle, hut especially Icebergs. A blow of an ax has been known to split one, while the report of a gun at times will accomplish the tame end. In July and August, when the bergs are breaking up along the coast of Labrador, the noise at times ' la deafening, and the noise of one of? ten causes another to break up. From their very nature icebergs as? sume an endless variety of shapes. Some resemble geometrical figures, while others carry fantastic domes, spires and minarets. Sometimes they appear to be veritable ice bridges, with two separate supports. In many there are great caves and indenta? tions. As they drift south and begin melting cascades of water pour down their sides or run from the tips of the hundreds of icicles which depend from every ledge. Frequently there are outlying spurs in the water, as dangerous to ships as submerged reefs. For thin reason ves? sels should always give them a wide berth, half a mile being considered the nearest that one may be approached with safety. Several years ago the British steam? ship Nessmore ran into an iceberg and j Btore in her bows. When she was I docked a scratch was found next the keel the full length of the ship, the ' plates being almost cut through. The I ahlp evidently struck a submerged spur. The government report says: "It is generally best for ships to go to windward of them, because disin? tegrated fragments have a tendency to drift to leeward, while open water will be found to windward." So nicely are icebergs balanced in the water that the slightest melting sometimes will cause the center of gravity to shift, and the entire berg Will capsize or founder. Thus many ships have been wrecked. Field ice is formed throughout the waters within the arctic circle south as far as Newfoundland, and each year vast floes leave the shores and drift south into the paths of com? merce. The arctic ice often has lived through several seasons in the far north and occasionally is ten to fifteen and sometimes twenty feet thick. Be? cause of Its continual motion, due to currents, wind, etc., gradually it be? comes broken up. Swells from storms in the open sens cause U to raft or pile one pan on another ?in the arctic every piece of Held Ice Is ? pun?until it is covered with hummocks. Ice also becomes rafted by the grind? ing of a free field against another frozen to the shore or by the grinding Of tWO Melds Igalhel each other when one Is given a laming motion by con? trary wind nnd tide. This rotary mo? tion, If Is said, is particularly danger* Otis |e ships that gel caught between fields Chicago Inter Ocean. He that plants thorns most never expect to gather roses.?Pllpay. LIFTING THE SCALP An Art Not Confined to the North American Indian. ALLIED TO HEAD HUNTING. Some Indians Removed ths Skin of ths Entire Head, Including ths Hair and Beard of Their Victim?Ears and Hsnds Also Served For Trophies. The art of scalping has declined owing to the severe pains and penalties dealt out to its practitioners in the va? rious states of North America. It was in a certain sense a product of Euro? pean settlement, for it would never have become so widespread had it not been for the white man. Scalping is commonly considered a custom belonging exclusively to the North American Indian. This is a mistake, it is found in South America, and Herodotus mentions It as having been practiced among the Scythians. But as the old Greek traveler's book was not published until 1502 it is probable that scalping appeared to the early explorers of America as a new thing. It was first described by Francisco de Garey, who in 1520 came across it in his ill fated expedition to Panuco. He found that the Indians removed the skin of the entire head, including the hair and beard. In 1535 Jaques Cartier wrote an account of a scalping party which is more typical of the custom as usually found. From this time on it 1b described by many writers, notably Captain John Smith and Champlaln. The Indians themselves were uncer? tain as to the use of keeping an ene? my's scalp, except that they felt it would hurt him in some way. Some said it put him in the power of the owner of the scalp, others that it ban? ished him from the happy hunting grounds, while still others believed that it annihilated him. in the opinion of George Fred er id. whose monograph may be consulted in the Smithsonian Institution report of j 1906, scalping is a modification of , head hunting, a practice Indulged in by many savages. There is a primitive , notion that the possession of a token or portion of a man gives one a power over that man. To keep the head of an enemy puts him in your power, the aavage thinks. But it is often incon? venient to carry so large a thing as a head. A smaller token is therefore sub? stituted. This statement would seem to be borne out by the following facts: Many American Indians did uot fol? low the practice of scalping, notably those of the north, adjoining the Es? kimo, the Frazer river Indians and the Algonquins of New Jersey. Nearly all of these practiced bead hunting. A transition period is represented by the Caddoes of Texas, where the men took the scalps and the women at a more convenient period collected the heads. Some tribes in California secured, in? stead of scalps, the iyes of their ene? mies, which wer? preserved In some way, while Oiners in Mexico selected the ear* for their trophy, probably fol? lowing the lead of the Spaniards, who lopped off ears as punishment for crime. The Hudson river Indians used to preserve hands, probably in imitation of the Dutch, who in the so called Esopus war gave a bounty for Indian hands. Around the sources of the Mis? souri the Lewis and Clark expedition i found the custom of preserving scalps replaced by that of preserving fingers. In northern Mexico the custom of scalping prevailed, but toward the south it was replaced by head hunting. In South America there are two locali? ties where it still flourishes. One of these is northern Argentina and Para? guay, where it gives signs of being in? digenous, as it differs in many ways from the practice of North America. It Is also found around Guiana, proba? bly introduced by the Indian slaves brought from Florida. The Huron-Iroquois have been ac? credited with the invention of scalp? ing, but unless it arose independently i in several places it much more likely originated in Florida, where it was t first discovered by Europeans. Con? tact with a higher grade of culture gave a tremendous impetus to the cus ! torn. Previous to the Spanish discovery the weapons of the Indians had been j very simple, being manufactured from I stone, bones, shells or even reeds. The I tribal wars, though numerous, were seldom bloody, and with such primi? tive?, means the braves found It both awkward and dangerous to remove the scalp of a f?llen enemy. But the Europeans brought with them firearms and iron knives. The former increased a hundredfold the number of those killed in battle, while the latter made the process of scalping an easy one. Besides this, the whites encouraged the custom by offering bounties for scalps. The first premium of this nature was offered in 1G37 by the Puritans, who gave a payment for every Indian head, the custom of scalping not having yet reached New England. But by the time of King Philip's, war it was In full blnst, and in 1G75 the Connecticut legislature offered large prizes for scalps. One Hannah Dustin received ?50 and other substantial gifts for hav? ing secured with her own hands the scalps of two Indian men, two wom? en and six children.?St. Paul Pioneer , Press A Sure Way. There are several method! whereby pickpockets may be avoided on crowd ed street cars, but the surest way Is to keep your money In the bank in your wife's name.- Kansas City Star, i _____ Poetry is the natural language o all worship.?Madame de Stael. WITH RAZOR KILLS HJMSEIF. Man Who Came Recently to Lake City Puts Quick End to His Own Life. Lake City, Aug. 9.?A man. who ?ave his name as John Shay, came to the mill of the Wilson Lumber com? pany, about four miles below here, on the 18th of July and since that time has been working for them; for the last few days he has been suf? fering from chills and fever but did not stop his work. Last night, sup? posedly about 9 o'clock, he went into a small strip of woods just in the rear of the mill yard and with a ra#or cut his throat from ear to ear. From the gashes it appears that the first attempt was not as successful as he desired; the second one, how? ever, severed both the jugular vein and the windpipe. The body was found this morning about 9 o'clock and after Magistrate Baldwin had held the Inquest the body was given a decent burial by the Wilson Lum? ber company. He is described as being a man about 5 feet, 10 Inches high, medium build, with sandy hair, slightly bald and of Irish descent. There were no papers about him to lead to his identity. A STRUGGLE IMPENDING. Conflict Between Taft and T. R. In? evitable, Says Eidtor Harvey. (George Harvey, in North American Review.) Is a struggle for mastery imped? ing between the President and the self-appointed Chairman of the Baord? Each to the other is under definite and lasting obligations, but that reckoning too, may be consider? ed ended. Each now stands upon his own pedestal and must of necessity uphold his own theories and sustain, in vital combat as an individual can control his own action. But recently Roosevelt, the man, declared that if a national election were to be held next November he undoubtedly would be the Republican candidate and would win. His personal desires would be negligible. Circumstances and conditions would dominate the situation, and his would be the role of a Son of Destiny. So, on the other hand, conflicting emotions harass the patient, grateful and high-minded President. He many continue to love, or to think he loves, as often as he has said, Roosevelt, the man. But he Is dealing with Roose? velt, the force. Already members of his Cabinet feel that he has been be? trayed and murmur In their bitter? ness. He cannot escape his responsi? bility to them and to those who have given their support cheerfully and un? swervingly. He could not if he would, and It Is not in his nature that he would if he could, reverse the policy which he has adopted as just and right. The chairman, with all his igility and Immunity from reproba? tion for contradlctorlness, has ad? vanced so far In the opposie direc? tion that even he cannot retreat with Ut admitting the sway of a craven piiit. Joval personal greetings are i no purpose. A conflict is inevitable. Ithough, in the end, when the one tall be saddened and the other sc ered by defeat, it may not prove to e irrepressible. In Old Bohemia. "I would like to meet some of the picturesque long haired knights of the pen and palette," said the unsophisti? cated stranger. "It Is worth a dollar to meet a real bohemian." "Don't worry about its being worth it" hastened the guide. "Just as soon as you meet a real bohemian he'll ask you to loan him one."?Chicago News. Trials of a Host. MI suppose you will give some elab? orate entertainments this season?" "Yes," answered Mr. Cumrox; "I think we'll improve on those of last season." "Weren't they all successful?" "Nope. It was my fault. I tried to make everybody have a good time, and the first thing I knew mother and the girls were complaining because they weren't sufficiently high class and formal."?Washington Star. Many People? Are willing to sacrifice them selves and their children to the prejudice of ''what peo? ple say." The Foolish Prejudice Against the Use of Glasses ? By children with defective Eyes often result in the great? est suffering?sometimes per? fect disability of one who might otherwise become a power in the world. W. A. Thompson, Jeweler and Optician. Phone 333. - - No. 6 S. Main St NEGRO PROBLEM TS CUBA. Race Question More Acute There Than in United States. Washington, Aug. 8.?Reports of outbreaks in Cuba, which are of the intermittent and unceasing variety, are but the reflection of a problem which threatens the new republic with the most serious consequences accord? ing to the experts who are in touch with affairs in the island. This prob? lem is the race question, and the situ? ation is more acute than in the Uni? ted States. j It is for this reason that the Gov? ernment at Havana takes no chances with small outbreaks. Troops are at i once rushed to the scene as soon as a 1 disturbance is reported. In every in j stance, so far, the disorders have been suppressed, but the difficulty of which they are but a manifestation is not materially diminished. Many "Were Negroes. At the time of the war of liberation when the island undertook to lift the yoke of Spanish dominion fully 60 per cent, of the array came from the Providence of Santiago. A large por? tion of this army was made up of negroes. Whether or not they were given promise of equal representation with the whites besides whom they fought or promised a share of the public of? fices under the new government the negroes have that impression. So far they have not received any of the offices, and their privileges are in fact not so extensive as those of the white element of the population. They feel that they have not been treated fairly and since the establish? ment of the, present Government, there have been numerous small outbreaks of a revolutionary character?dis? turbances which presage a more seri? ous revolution later if ocndltions do not change. Leaders Of Same Race. Until recently the outbreaks have been led by negroes themselves. The last affair of this sort, which was promptly suppressed, was led by Gen? eral Hlnlet, a discontented white of? ficer. Under white leadership the agi? tation becomes much more serious. The danger becomes greater as the number of rnalcortents and agitators increase. The negro element of Santiago has been trained in military experience. It is very numerous. All it needs to become a serious menace is the leader? ship of competent white officers. The prediction is freely made that trouble originating from this source will lead to the overthrow of the republican Government, and necessitate the third interference of the United States in the affairs of the island. We are all torn up over whether it is "hopple" skirts or "hobble" skirt. One says the former, beacuse you put "hopples" on a horse, and he or she is then "hoppled." Another sticks to the harder consonant, and reasons that the wearer must "hobble" along when attempting locomotion. The Century dictionary dogmatically makes it "hopple." The New York World says 'hobble," but quotes it and omits to mention the original authority. This looks like a fertile field for Senatorial Investigation and deliberation, it's so purely. academic and so absolutely not-worth-while.? Detroit News. 60 YEARS* EXPERIENCE Trace Mark? Designs Copyrights &c Anyonr ictiUng a sketch and S<**eTh*Mn may quickly ascertain our op.moii Creg ?i v >.jv.r an invention Is probably poieHnbl?. Conrnmnlea tlousstrictlyoonndanthU. *JLG:TK ? .-iJcutS) sent free. Oldest acen-r f. >r fccunnr imIn-i. Patents ta^en thronch Munn A t recelre r pteial notice, without charge, in the Scientific Jlm'vsu. A handsomely illnstrated weekly. I.arrest cir? culation of ii-v fflovtitlo Journal. Terme.eia year: four months, %L Sold by all rr? >? ; urs. MUNN & Co.36'8"""*- New Ycrfc Branch CSV?. C25 F Ft? Washington, I). OL Are You Lookinq for a Position? We can offer you good Paying Employment that you will enjoy and at home. Write to-day *ddrts$ The Bntteiick Publishing Co. Ruttertck BsrtMlRfi, New York, N. Y. PATENTS PROCURED AND DEFENDED. SendmodeL draw nur Ol photo, for expert search ami free repoia. Pre* aTvlcv. how to obtain patents, trade marks, ?Bams** *??. IN ALL COUNTRIES. /Justness direct with Washington saves time, tn i v tnd often the patent. Patent and Infringement Practice Exclusively. Write or OMM to ux at 633 Ntutn Street, opp. Units* States Passat OSes, WASHINGTON, D. C. GASNOW