Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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flu ??htcbman anb tSoutbron. WEDNESDAY. JULY 27, 1910. The Humter Watchman was found? ed in ISftO and the True Southron In lite. The Watchman and Southron tow has the combined circulation and Influence cf both of the old papers, and Is manifestly the beat advertising ?sodium In Sumter. The seisure of whiskey, ordered for personal use, Is regarded as an out? rage by those who believe In statu? tory prohibition, but have a constitu? tional aversion to total abstinence. ? i ? Greenville county which was one of the first to vote out the dispensary under the provisions of the Brlce law will. In the approaching primary vote on the question of re-establishing the county dispensary. More than 2,500 cltisens of the county signed the pe? tition ordering the election. The Greenville election will be watched with great Interest by the people of other counties and the result will have considerable effect upon the pol? icy to be pursued in other counties where statutory prohibition has not been the success hoped for. If Green \llle re-establishes the county dispen? sary system, we predict that other counties will follow suit at the first opportunity. see Reed plows and scrapers may be valuable in road construtclon, but the unanimous verdict of road engineers and the government experts is that the split-log drag is the best imple? ment ever devised for maintaining a dirt or ?and-clay road. In the opinion of many road experts the use of a road scraper on a well established road? way does more harm than good. We believe that It would be a good Idea to give the split-log drag a fair test on the streets of this city and on the roads of the county for the purpose of compalrlng the results obtained with results from the use of the road scraper. The drag could do no harm to the roads while there Is reason to believe that the results would be ben? eficial, if the experience of others count for an.'thing ** see as We take It for granted that the eandldates for the legislature are ac? quainted with the basic principles of the Torrens system of land registra? tion, but If they are not we trust they will take the little trouble neces.iary to inform themselves between now and the opening of the county cam? paign. If they will devote more of their time to the discussion of the Torrens system and less to the never ending HsjSJSjf question the campaign will be more interesting und of some educational value. <>N < MLF.HY GROWING. Method*, of <ulti\atlng Delightful Kell-.li?HUnchlng Procc*. 0 -_ I'rof. C c. Newman. State horticul? turist at the Clemson experiment sta? tion, h is Insued the following bulle? tin (V!cr\ m ordinarily grown for Its large tlenhy leaf stalks. Which are eaten r.iu. with salt, and also used f--r -??.?- -ung > tlails. The seed is slse e\t? n-dvHy used for seasoning purp? s f.briii . .,r turnip-rooted celery. Is grown for Its large roots, which are used for seasoning salads It is u gross feeder, and though the ?Mdl neleeted be res wahly rertlle, eight or ten tons of barnyard manure should be applied per acre and thor? oughly incorporated with the soli be- ; fore planting. On land that will pro- j du*e forty bushels of corn per acre not ltss than 1.000 pounds of fertili? ser, containing 7 pe?- o nt available phosphoric acll, 6 per cent nitrogen and h p#?r cent potash, should be ap? plied p? r acre. r. . r\ need are planted in franrv m March. The rows are marked off six ; trt and about one-half Inch deep. Ten Is fifteen seed are sown I ? SVery Meli of row and cov? ered i.?htly "Ith BfftSd SOU. After the n* ed are plant- I the bed should be sprinkled lightly and then shaded with SSgSj or burlap until the young planfv begin to appear. Th^n the t?ag-< <r burlap should be removed end a lath screen used In its place. After the BSSd hOTS bOSfl sown the surface of the so|| In the plant bed should be allowed to bc< ome dry un? til tie plants have bei ome well es ti d. Th. use of the lath screen m gradually be discontinued ufur th?- i Mts hav< formed the fourth or fifth 'eaf. When the plants are about three in r.. i hu'h they should be thinned t-? OSJS inch apart in the row. The plants sggge* sd may hi transplanted to oth? er ? 'b. iud will produce as good. It not better, plants than those not tr tntod. Celery is transplanted !?> too Held during the stimm- t in sthOj when it is very hot and the sog Bsmsssalty dry. it i?. therefore, n. . , ?o w.it. r the plants as they are w,-t out. The tops of th" plants should be slipped bach to about boil their length about two weeks before transplanting to the flohl and watered sparingly he last week before trans planting. An hour before the plants are removed from the beds they should be watered freely. If the celery is to be blanched by earth, the rows should be marked off five feet wide and the plants set five Inches apart in the row. If the double row system is used, each set of double rows should be six feet wide and the plants set six inches apart each way. It Is very important to have stocky plants to transplant to the field, as it is very difficult to get the small ones to live, and they never grow off as rapidly as plants of larger size. Plants that have been given ample distance In the seed bed will be from six to eight inches tall and very stocky at transplanting time. The amateur grower frequently makes tbe mistake of setting the plants too deep in the soli. The plants should not be set deeper in the field than they stood in the plant bed. If the plants are set in the bottom of a furrow, as is sometimes practiced, the bed will be covered by soil washing from the sides of the trench, and many of them will die. When the plants are set In a slight furrow made by the marker and the soil drawn about them, the bud of the plant should be on a level with the surface Of the soil. The plants should be taken from the bed with a small block of soil at? tached to the roots If possible. To do this a heavy knife with a blade about six inches long is passed along each side of the rows one and one-half inches from the plants, cutting about three or four Inches deep. It Is then passed between the plants In the rows, cutting the same depth. The plants are then removed with the block of soil and roots attached, pressed lightly In the hand to pre? vent the soil from being shaken off in handling. The plants are then cov? ered with wet bags or burlap, and when thus protected will remain per? fectly fresh for several hours. The ideal way for setting the plants is to place the plant in the hole immediate? ly after the water has been poured In; fill the hole with soil and press lightly, leaving a mulch of loose dry soil around each plant. It is very Important that the soil mulch be maintained at all times dur? ing the growing season in order to prevent the loss of moisture from the soil by evaporation. Cultivate shal? low after every rain in order to pre? vent the formation of crust on the soil and to re-establish the soil mulch. Late celery for winter use is blanched by soil. The plants are set in the field during July and early Au? gust, and the blanching is begun about the last of September. Celery Is usually ready for use by the 20th of November, but will continue to grow rapidly during December and will need no protection until the last of that month, when it may be cov? ered entirely with soil or straw, or It may be stored in a suitable frame or mii'-hed. The first process in blanching cel? ery with soil Is called "handling." This consists In gathering all the leaves in one hand and holding them In an trad Position, while the soil Is bsaks4 an ? slightly packed e round them to about one-half their length. When this is dost tha soil is heaped around the plants with eil her the plough or "celery hlller." Instead of "handling" tbe plants M desert bod beb?w, they arc sometlmei wrapped with paper string to hold them srOCl until the soil can be bank? ed about them. The string Is fasten- \ ed to the first plant in the row. and Is then tied once around each sue rOSdlni plant and at last fasten? ed securely at the end of the row. As the string is covered with soil It ?OOS dsosyi and does not injure the plants. The soil Is then banked about the plants with the "bill* r" or j lough. As the plants grow the soil is heaped higher and after a few weeks the banks will be SO high that the hoe and shovel will have to be used in SiilUsi to the hlller. The following varieties are especial? ly recommended. Pin ds Clocks, Giant Pascal. Winter Green and Golden Self-r.lanchlng. Tot further information concerning telery culture see Bulletin No. in, of tbe South Carolina Experiment Station. Rice I lour. <\ir fresh rice Hour direct from I mills best and cheapest all round feed for hofSSSj COWS hogs and chick? ens we have ever used, Booth-Harby Live stock Co, 7-15-Bt. Proceedings of Court, i No business of sny consequent esas transacted >n courl Friday, sf ' \> r the noon recess, s few unlmpor? last eppealfl from the maglstrate'i court b? ;uu; heard. The ? ntlre m islon, on 0 iturdait is taken up with the ilgnlng of or? .i. rs courl adj.mm nlng :.t i i o' h Hire I loitr, far fresh rice four dire t fron mills, b. ft and cheapest all tonic food for horses, cows, hogs and ? hl k fris we have e\er tsed. Pooth Harb; UVS Stock Co. 7-15-.'t Farmers' Union News ?AND ? Practical Thoughts for Practical Farmers (Conducted by E. YV. Dabbs, President Farmers' Union of Sumter County.) The Watchman and Southron having decided to double its service by semi-weekly publication, would improve that service by special features. The first to be Inaugurated is this Department for the Farmers' Union and Practical Farmers which I have been requested to conduct. It will be my aim to give the Union news and official calls of the Union. To that end officers, and members of the Union are requested to use these columns. Also to publish, such clip dngs from the agricultural papers and Govern? ment Bulletins as I think will be of practical benefit to our readers. Ori? ginal articles by any of o.?r readers telling of their successes or failures will be appreciated and ) ublished. Trusting this Departmeut will be of mutual benefit to all concerned, THE EDITOR. All communications for tl Is Department should be sent to E. W. Dabbs. Mayeevllle, S. C. BOOM Random Thoughts. The article about grower and buy? er getting together, but still further endorses the produce exchange Idea. I have labored for this, the last two years. I wonder when we will learn the lesson that consumer and pro? ducer must come to closer trade re? lations for their mutual good! Why should the middle man grow rich while both producer and consumer skim and save to make ends meet? Supply Bro. Brogdon with the pro - duce and wait results. E. W. D. HEALTH CONDITIONS IN COUN? TRY SCHOOLS. Wo Must Learn That the Health of The Child is Worth as Much as What He Learns From His Books Must See That He is Made Com? fortable and That He is Not Expos? ed to Contagious Diseases. (Mrs. F. L. Stevens, West Raleigh, N. C.) A Bible and a newspaper in every home, a good school in every district, all studied and appreciated as they merit, are the principal support of virtue, morality and civil liberty," said Benjamin Franklin. Today a study and appreciation of the school involves more than it did a few years ago. Then only one ques? tion was thought pertient?"How is Johnny getting on in his books?,***To day it is not only, "Does Johnny read in the school reader?" "Does he know fractions?" but these other questions also are to the point: "Is he well?" "Does he play fairly?" "Will he help or Impose on the weak?" In short, "Is he learning to live and does he enjoy living rightly?" We are confronted with the fact that the educational need which presses hardest upon us, Is the neces? sity of realizing that the education which develops the intellect is not all of education, but only one phase of it. The school in its real sense must train boys and girls Into right atti? tudes. Into ways of right living. To fulfill this broader mission, the school \ environment of the country must be ] revolutionised. The school house and grounds, first of all, must be clean, wholesome and as beautiful as it is In the power of the teat her and pat? rons to make them. With teachers, mothers, citisens all working to this end we shall have put the emphasis in tiie right plate and Incidentally the other things, the fractions and read? ing, will not come hard. in Germany and Sweden children are not admitted to the schools wlth are not admitted to the schools wlth of eye, ear. throat, or contagious dis? ease, in these countries we should not see the spectacle that Is likely to greet us In our American Bchools, of a ehihl with St. Vitus dance or ecze? ma, or boils, or sore mough, sitting alongside a perfectly healthy child. Because our American children are not so sai? guarded is a vyer special reason why our school conditions should be kept under rigid Inspection. A few years ago when a wave of sentiment for the Improvement of the rural schools spread over the South it found its first expression In buying pictures to hang upon the school room walls, walls laden with an ac? cumulation of dust and disease as old as the school house Itself. A pitiful attempt to beautify an ill-kept, poor? ly heated, badly ventilated school room, was it not? N'ow we Know that while pictures are Important there are numbers of other things that must be looked alter at the same time. First, the s' ?10..1 house must be a clean place Inside and out, This moans that soap, water, whitewash and stove polish must be used freely I throughout the school session, svlth a I general cleaning up during the vaea ! (ion period, The school room must be supplied with properly adjusted ?o :. nted that bis I ? ? I may rt i com ' f( 11 ih\r upon the floor. !:? pc itedly have I noted little tot bo s. uted In ; the s< hooi i.rn that 11> ir feel inu it ' swing for bom - and it the same time have had Johnny and Wary polnb l out as "such restless, unruly child ren," when all Mary and Johnny wanted was a place to rest their feet. I heard of a school not long ago lo? cated at no great distance from the capital of one of our Southern States that was seated with rough board benches, and when the pupils wished to write their exercises they were ob? liged to kneel in front of these benches using them for writing tables as well. Is your school house like that? If it is, have you done your very best to improve those conditions? In a previous article I have refer? red to the spread of disease through the ever-present water bucket and dipper and what we should gain in health capital by the use of the water tank and the individual drinking cup. After the "cleaning up" the banish? ment of the water bucket must be the next step in the movement for better rural schools. I know a teach? er who used the proceeds from a school entertainment to establish a healthful water supply for her school room. It consisted of a porcelain lined water tank, with a faucet, and I a supply of tin drinking cups, one for each child, each cup supplied with wall space and a hook. She reported that the entire outfit cost less than nine dollars. She reported also that during an entire term no epidemic of contagious disease appeared in her school. This same teacher always keeps on hand in her school room a bottle of listerlne for use in case of a suspicious sore throat, and a bottle of creolin, that she may promptly at? tend to wounds or sores as they ap? pear from time to time among her pupils. This teacher is an exception? al woman and we wish there were more of her kind in our country schools; but really this kind of atten? tion should not be left to the already over-worked teacher. It is distinc? tively the duty of the school patrons, particularly the duty of the moth? ers of the school neighborhood, to look after the health needs of the school. I The school grounds reflect the spirit of interest and efficiency of a school neighborhood. Fortunately, as a people we are fast disproving the old-time belief that the most barren, forsaken, unusable spot of ground in the neighborhood is "good enough lor the school." Hut we have a long road still to travel before we shall have come up to standards of what is beautiful and healthful in our school environment. Probably the greatest need of our country schools today is the provis? ion of decent ami properly located out-buildings and proper attention to these buildings to see that they are kept clean and wholesome. It is as? tounding, when one's attention is di? rected to it. to see how apparently prosperous, intelligent neighborhoods have neglected this important matter. Where there has been provision of this Kind made, the buildings are fre? quently s.i neglected and filthy that they are a constant menace to the health of the entire school. When we realise that two of our dread diseases, typhoid fever and hookworm, are the direct result of soil pollution we are Impressed with the great danger to the health of the community a neg? lected school out-building may i>e I come. Here, then, is a distinct and definite work tor school patrons dur Ing tin- vacation period, to see t<> it that two well constructed, properly located out-buildings are placed upon the school grounds and thai they are protected by latticed screens. Ii the school house is already provided with these conveniences, they sit mid be thoroughly cleaned, the refuse burli I and a vault thoroughly protected from , the visits of Hies or stray anlm.tla I . n I > trm ted, the whole place treated gen? erously to lime and a barrel of Ihn land sand lefl on the premises for fU ' t uro use. The pre ervatlon of the children through the impn^ i m< nl of tin Ir 1 dutj tii it confronts us, This m< ans j the moral and physl? I saving of the ? child w hen it Is most nei led. They, ' ii rightly cared lor, ate to improve I world conditions far bt yond those which we today enjoy.?-Progressive ' Farmer, Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the Sumter Agricultural Society will be held at the G. S. M. Academy on the 13th day of August, next. The following speakers will be with us: Messrs. A. J. A. Perritt, Ira W. Williams, O. B. Martin and Bradford Knapp. All are invited to attend. A. K. BANDERS, Pres. J. E. REM BERT. Secty. Breeding of Com. This is the season when farmers should begin the improvement of their corn. If you have a special seed lot, or if you have set apart an acre in your field for seed, first go through and pull out all the tassels of imperfect or barren stalks. The pollen of such stalks should not fall on the stalks of the productive ones. The next thing is to go carefully over the same lot with a string that may be easily seen and select best stalks which taper up from the ground and the shoots of which stand out in the right way. Tie a strong around 50 to 100 of such best stalks. It is claimed by corn breeders that cross breeding is apt to produce bet? ter seed than when all the tassels re? main. After all the bady shaped and barren stalks are detasseled then take out the tassels of every third row In the seed lot, so that the ears of these rows may be fertilized by pollen from other rows. That is what is called cross breeding. When the corn is ripe and dry go through and gather the ears marked with strings. From the best of them select the seed for the next seed patch. By pursuing that plan several years barren stalks may be eliminated en? tirely. We ask farmers to go through their best lots of corn and closely ob? serve and count 100 stalks. Then count those which make no ears, or very small ones. It will be found that about one-tenth of the stalksa re unproductive or nearly so. In the improvement of corn, the best variety should be selected to be? gin with. Of course, one may select a few ears from a dozen varieties and mix them and make a fair crop j of corn. Red, yellow, blue, white and strawberry may all be mixed and the result will be corn, but it will not be satisfactory. A white variety is considered the best here in the South. The ears should be 7 to 10 inches long and there should be 16 to 22 rows, with 4 5 to 55 grains to the row. The rows should be straight and the ends of the cob should be well covered by corn. The cobs should be small and solid and the corn firmly set, so that It will not shatter off in handling. But once started, it should be very easy to shell. The grains should never fall under half an Inch in length. A broad grain that is nearly square is objectionable. The grain should taper so that there will be no vacant spaces near the cob or on the surface of the ear. When the corn is well dried in the crib, 100 pounds in the ear should give 84 to 88 pounds of shelled corn. Seevnty pounds in the ear is sold for a bushel. In a best variety 70 pounds should shell out 61 to 63 pounds of corn. So there is a clear loss when one sells 70 pounds in the ear for a bushel. There is no more interesting work on the farm than the improvement of seeds and plants and young farmers should take special interest in this improvement of corn. In one of the States, Kentucky, per? haps, a farmer has been working for . large single ears and last year he found that 45 ears made a bushel, or weighed 70 pounds. But sometimes it is not the largest ears that are best. Among the samples sent to this of? fice during the winter there was a large yellow variety but it was a very poor corn, for the grain was short, the cob very large and the corn hard to shell. We have never seen a prolific corn which would shell out well. The grains are too short and small. The Miles is an excellent early field corn, coming in about 20 days ahead of common field corn, but the cob is too large. If that could be bred up until the grains were five-eighths to three-quarters of an inch long, it would be a most desirable variety. Sumter took the third game from Cartersville Friday afternoon, win? ning by the score of 7 to 2. There were no features to the game, both teams playing fairly good ball. The Collegians will probably go to St. Matthews for three games this week. One of the heaviest rains of the year fell Sunday night about 8 o'clock, but the downpour was not general. During the rainstorm lightning struck three pine trees in the yard of Mr. H. L. Tisdale, on Salem Ave. A number of curious onlookers were crowded along South Main street on Friday to catch a glimpse of Prof. Goodwin, as he passed by on his way to have his picture taken at Win burn's studio. The "professor" was not at all pleased at this mark of at? tention shown him by the authorities here, but his objections to having bis ; picture made were of no avail. Prof. Goodwin has not, as yet made any move towards giving bond, and H is expected that he will be the guest of this county for some little time : longer. The court house grounds have been i much improved lately, and the grass I and shrubbery is growing very nice? ly. O'Donnell 6 Co. Special Summer Clearance Sale Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday. Big Bargains for One and All O'Donnell S Co.