Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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BARRETT 10 THE FAHMERS. PRESIDENT <>| NATIONAL UNION sri ULM vi IT? UM i\ Repnin hm Three Million American Fanner*, FxteiuU Welcome to Delegates ami Others In Attend? ance Cpon (?reut Rally?First Americans Then Farmers, Who Aw Awakening to Their National He eonsthllltlcs 8t: Louis. Mo., May 2.?President Barrett begun his address by saying: "As the representative of 3,000,000 mllitantAmerican famers, whose or? ganised army rests one flank upon the Atlantic and the other upon the Pacific ocean. I gl\e to you a cordial greeting, which shall know no boun? daries of State or section, no narrow? ness or political partisanship or big? otry, but a tolerance as broad as Jus? tice and as wide as that sincerity that underlies our common herltag? of American citizenship. "For first we are Americans! After that we are farmers! And It is as Americans that we greet you in good faith, bidding you rejoice with us In the dawning of that day when the moot distinguished men of our na? tion pay homage to the might and the problems of the long-neglected farmers. "Wlthuot let or hindrance, sup preeelon or censorship, we shall dis? cuss the problems that affect the feeders and clothers of the people? save only that In our deliberations v\ e shall avoid those topics that refer to the hysteria or the passion of partl tlsan politics. As the ultimate anal? ysis let us not forget that the parti? san or personal element In politics or statesmanship Is transient and pass? ing. That which abides alwa s Is principle. And It is lasting princi? ples that we shall debate, free of the embarrassment of that acrimony In? variably attending the complication of short lived political platforms or their authors." Mr. Barrett said: "The American farmer of tradition has been the far? mer of the more or less humorous car? toon or caricature, variously repre? sented as fair prey to the green goods man or the gold brick artist. "And." he continued, "the farmer haa been slow In awakening. Ills en? vironment. In the first place, was against his awakening. The tardiness of facilities for communication, the Infrequency with which newspapers penerated to the fur rural districts, and the natural suspicion which Is a part oT his temperament all militated to keep him In shackles as to his own power and his duty of self-gov? ernment In the premises. "The era of sleep is at ar ond! The era of wakefclness to self-duty, to the obligation jf self-help, to the obligation of duty to country Is al? ready dawning! I do not say that the farmer as a class Is roused to his national Importance and to his nat? ional obligations. Hut I do assert with all the emphasis at my ccm mand and supported by all the exper? ience of a life time that the haven or readjustment of revolutionary change Is stirring throughout the mass of the American farmer " After stating that vandalism am1 graft are being eliminated from our political life, the speaker said: "We are standing more resolutely each day for a literal Interpretation of the doctrine of the 'square deal.' We are determined that the people and not the politicians shall rule." He said: "The Farmers' Fnhm Is responsible both for the awakened farmer and the awakened nation, as regards the farmer. "Our principles and our way of applying them, must be sound, for we have Increased from less than 50, 000 membership six years ago, to a membership today rising 3.000,000 Throughout the Southern States we are well organised. In the Middle West we are formally organized and our numbers are rapidly growing. This year we have perfected organi? sations In several of the Western und Pacific slope States, and we shall soon Invade New England. "In the South we have succeeded In obtaining for the farmer a rea? sonable price for his backbone staple, eotton. That means we have min? istered to every phase of Southern commerce, that we havo laid every Southerner under obligations to us, for cotton Is the financial barometer of the Southern States. In the Mld ,1'.. \\ r. -Ming le ulway In handling In a scientific and equit? able manner, wheat and corn. In the far West, we are accomplishing results In the systematizing of the fru't Industrv. and of general agricul? tural products. the Caa&ctal rt.*i *M of t or pro? gramme- Is Import':1' but M N ?X c. cded i'V our moral and Intellectual progress and ?\oiutlon. Through our national. State ami local organiza? tions, we ha\e been persistently i sat "ii ? seleatW asjrtcuRurv, a I* \ersi n ?? agriculture toaaar allot al soli peaearcea rotation of cropa "our warehouse system Ifl the South, our M ifahOttSS and t---opera tive business eaterprSMi throughout th#> middle atsfl fhf Wc^t. are revolt* lionizing tiie Hewaolaf af the bu? rner." Pleading for sincere, constructive leadership among the farmers, presi? dent Uarrett said In the degree that this prevails now and In the days to Comet "we shall solve the agricul? tural problems perplexing the lust ami most consecrated thought of this country." lie said the selfish leadership Is In SVttably incendiary a ml destructive. '?For its almost criminal ly-selfish aims, it is willing to turn the fanner .(gainst his neighbor, against the merchant. against the hanker, against the resident of the city. It Is I e.olership-for-re venue-only, without one redeeming aspiration. "A distinct part of the rural prob? lem Is the cultivation of a better, and a more co-operative spirit be? tween the city man and the country man. After all. they have almost ev? erything In common. We are both Interested In the curbing and purging not the destruction of great agencies of civilization. We are both interest? ed in building up a more stanch American citizenship, free of pollu? tion from damaging alien strains, bred and brought up to fulfill the Ideal of pure and militant American? ism. And unless we realize this close mutual relation, we shall both set? ter." Speaking of the campaign of the Farmers' Union for the enactment of certain national legislation, Mr. Bar? rett said: "Politicians in general have paid and are paying more at? tention to the farmer, and that Is be? cause the farmer Is paying more at? tention to the politician. Once let the public officer conceive the idea that he Is being watched continually by his constituent, and that the lat? ter is carefully comparing promise with performance, and we shall ele? vate the standard of public service in this country. I have urged upon Farmers* Union members to refuse to let their attitude toward their Con? gressman be colored by any trivial gifts on the part of the Congressman, the bribery of a petty office for a relative, or a cordial handshake from the great man himself. The test of worthiness of continued endorsement at the polls, is deeds, not flattery, and that man is a traitor to his country, and to his ideals who betrays his fel? lows by considering a public obliga? tion cancelled by a private favor." Continuing he said: "The farmer has gained but a small fraction of his share In the benefits of American de? velopment because he deluded him? self,, or was deluded, into believing he had no control. "Today, in the might of his Inter? est, and in the strength of his organ? ization, Irrcslstablo In its increasing numbers, he Is master of the situa? tion. "The farmer Is no longer asleep. "In his waking, he Is Invincible. "Ho demands to be treated, not as the easily deluded, the easily control ed or easily pacified farmer. He de? mands to be treated as an American citizen, like every other class of Amercan cltiezns. iTe is no longer pleading. He Is commanding. As an American citi? zen, the most Important division of American citizens. he knows 1 is rights. And knowing, the Lord God Almighty ha:; given him the courage t'< maintain them." MUST DISPLAY STATE FLAG. k] : an_"inciits Heim; Made to Kiiforco Act 01 |kc IdMl GggggJgJ Assembly ?Made at Clomsoii. Columbia, May ?Oov, Ansel said yesterday that arrangements were being made to meat the requirements of the act of the last general assem? bly, which requires that State Mags be pined on all public buildings in the State, Including the State house, county court houses and the colleges of the State. It Is required by the act that the St ate tlags be manufactured at Clem son college. The following Is the act passed: Section 1. Be It enacted by the general assembly of the State of South Carolina: That tho State flag shall be displayed dally, except In ralay weather, from a staff upon the Stat< house anil every court house, one building of the State university <nd of each State college and upon even public school building, except when the School is closed during va? cation. 1 I ? I. That It shall be the duty of the oflfoCT or officers In chargo of said buildings to purchase suitable (lags ami cause them to be displayed, the expense to le borne out of the funds provided for maintenance. ' Sec. I, That it shall DC the duty of Ctemson college to manufacture In Its textile department and sell :-t approximate cost Hags id* suitable and correct design, which shall consist of blue with white crescent In the upper flagstaff corner, and white palmetto tree in the centre, as prescrllted In tin resolution adopted by the general assembly, January 19, 1111, to he ap? proved by the eeeretary of the histor? ical commission. i "flee, I, Thai any person who mu? tilates, Injures or desecrates the Has, I of the State, wherever displayed an above provided, shall be guilty of n misdemeanor, and upon conviction Is punished by fine not more than $l'?n or Imprisonment for no! more than II days." ALABAMA LOCAL OPTION WINS. I MMITT A. O'NEAL NOMINATED roil GOVERNOR. Indications Arc Tliat Present Senator Will Be Returned by a Handsome Majority. Montgomery, Ala., May 2.?Emmltt A. O'Neal, leader of the fight against the recent proposed amendment to put prohibition in the constitution of Alabama, defeated H. S. D. Mallory, a suporter Of the amendment, by a majority of between 20,000 and 25, 000 for governor in the Democratic primaries, held in Alabama today. United States Senator John H. Bank head received a vote which will prob? ably equal the combined vote of his two opponents, John 13. Knox and Frank S. Wrhite, and is assured of a new term In the senate. The claim is made tonight that the majority of the delegates to the State convention, which meets on May 15, will stand for local option and will insist on a modification of the pres? ent State-wide prohibition laws. It is also claimed that a majority of the State senate will favor local option, although the attitude of a majority of the members of the house will not be known until later. It is accepted as certain that the prohibition laws of the State will be modified. The anti-amendment candidates on the State ticket appear to have made a clean sweep. The lines drawn in the recent pro? hibition amendment campaign were maintained In the prlnary today. The candidates who supported the amendment received practically the same vote as cast for the amendment, while the anti-amendment candidates received the majorities cast in the various counties against the prohibi? tion amendment. CHILD LABOR IN SOUTHERN MULLS. The New York Sun Finds Condition* Here Highly Praiseworthy. (From the New York Sun.) Some time ago, perhaps three weeks, we took occasion to say that the women and children taken from the smaller Southern farms and em? ployed In the cotton mills were vast? ly benefited by the transplantation; improved physically and morally, transformed from forlorn and anae? mic conditions into conditions of health and activity and vigor, and elevated to higher planes of enlight? ened well being. Of course, we did not refer to the exceptional mills where searchers after hardship and neglect can find almost any deplora? ble circumstance they happen to he looking for. We had in view the normal mill towns, representing six tenths, if not more, of the now pros gTt ssive industry. There are mills all over North and -o ath Carolina where so-called "child labor" has been most beneficent, where the mill owners build schools and churches, and for the most part pay the salaries of the teachers and the ministers, where they establish club houses and libraries and klnder gartt 111 for the training and devel opment of the youth within their in? fluence, and wrurc the objects of these mlnstratlons emerge from the pallid and unwholesome products of the Isolated farms into rosy, happy and perfectly natural children. Some have established hands and military companies, play-grounds, halls for light theatrical entertainments, and behind it all are the sanitary homes, the cooking schools, the system of picnics and other social reunions which illumine life and bring health and knowledge and light spirits to ths individual. It is very easy for muck-rakers, and Indeed for honest but misguided reformers Inspired by hired agents, to find here and there a mill where inferior conditions do actually pre? vail. They can photograph mills brilliantly lighted up to prove that they run at night, and show little hands that have lost a finger to prove that the relentless myrmidons of Mammon are grinding innocent chil? dren Into dust; but the testimony from most of the manufacturing towns and villages of the South we hear a very different story. From PelSt r. S. C? and from Greenville, in tin- same State, from Charlotte, N. C, from Alabama City, from far and wide, with the testimony of th? Young Women's Christian Associa? tion and other organised workers for uplift to sustain and Illustrate the burden of the proof, we have a tale of rescue and exaltation that ought t>> till every doubting heart. We 'mi hardly imagine that any sincere workers for the toiling classes would wish, or unless grossly mlsln formed, attempt lo destroy or even minimise thin perfectly complete and easily n<.sslble ovldeneo; and in that light of the matter we respectfully dodge the esteemed Survey and other Ignorant Northern oracles and fall back upon more or less useful testi? mony. Three removes are as bad as 0 tire. 1 ranklln. WACCAMAW ITEM IN DANGER. Representative EUerbe Hopeful That Appropriation Will Stand. Washington, May 2.?A rumor was current here today that the con? ferees on the river and harbor bill had decided to cut out the item of $36,000 for the Waceamaw. River, which had been added in the senate, the house having appropriated $14, 000. This river is in Representative El lerbe's district, and when he was ask? ed about the matter he said: "On hearing this rumor I immediately went to the war department and se? cured all the information possible, which I have filed in writing with the conferees. In addition to this I have personally interviewed the members of the house conference committee about this appropriation, and while 1 recognize that It is a hard fight, I am hopeful." Senator Smith, being at his home in South Carolina, could not be seen about the matter. WAR OX WHITE SLAVES. Columbus Judge Indicated That in? dictments Are Expected. Columbus, Ga., May 2.?As a result of the charge to the grand jury here today by Judge Gilbert, of the Su? perior Court, indictments of white slave traffickers are expected to be handed down. Judge Gilbert told the jurors that New York city was not alone in its horrible examples of the sale of young girls into a life of shame, and made it plain that the court expected indictments returned against several Columbus people. Railroad Values Measured by Oper? ating Results. When it is once clearly understood that railroad property is normally and essentially property in motion, and that its value depends primarily on facts connected with never-ceas? ing action, the starting point has been found for arriving at a true val? uation of railroad securities. If we say that a good piece of rail? road mileage, extending from New York to Buffalo, which cost $2,000, 000 to construct fifty years ago, is now over-capitalized because it car? ries bond and stock issues aggregat? ing $150,000,000, then we must agree that the whole industrial world is in a state df "overcapitalization." But if we measure railroad values on the basis of operating results, which is the only true way to measure them at all, we will reach a very different conclusion. A line of road stretching from New York to Buffalo, but which is net operating railroad trains and transporting passengers and freight between these points today, would be worth but little more than it was fifty years ago. Whatever increased value it might have now over that of 1S6C would be in the mere right of way which it held. But under such con? ditions it would not be a railroad, and whatever value It might have would not be railroad value, but real? ty value. If. however, we measure the value of the railroad by Its demonstrated ability to pay interest or dividends on its issues of stocks and bonds, we then get at once at the kernel of the capitalisation question Putting our hypothetical railroad to the test of the earning power of fifty years ago, we would probably find that on a I capitalisation of $r>0,000 per mile it earned hardly 5 per cent But if we put the same line of road to the test of its earning power today, we would be likely to find that on a capitali? zation at least ten times as heavy per mile it might be earning far more than 6 per cent In the year 186 3 the Lacka wanna Railroad re? ported a total gross capitalization (stocks and bonds) of about $50,000 per mile On this capital the net earnings of that year were but little In excess of 7 per cent. But in the year 1907 the same railroad reported a net capitalization, including the is? sues on its leased and controlled lines and after deducting investments from its balance sheet, of something more than $148,000 per mile. On the lat? ter figure the total net income of the road In the year liH'7 was more than ! 8 per cent. Now, if we estimate the capitalisation of the Lackawanns on the basis of earning power or net profits we will find that In 1863 tin road was overcapitalised to the ex teni of more than 260 per cent., as compared with the figures shown to? day, while to put the Lacka wanna capitalization on the basts of that of IS63 we would have to Increase the present-day figure to over $420,000 per miie. or nearly three times the presenl net capitalisation.?From "The Ueal K. \ to 1 la 11 road Invest? ment Values," by .lohn Moody, in the Vmeriean Iteview ? C Reviews for Man h. Senator Aldrich all these yean has been careful to conceal the fact that ix- knows nothing about baseball. Detter look Into all your marble statues, There might be money hid? den In them. UPHOLDS TRUST CASES. SUPREME COURT OF UNITED STATES SUSTAINS LOWER COURTS. Cm* Against die standard?Decision Affirms Tennessee's Decree of Oas? tor?Another Disbands Lumber As? sociation. Washington, May 2.?The hands of the Ttates in their light against ? trusts* were upheld today 1 y the Supreme Court of the United States with telling effect3. The Association of Retail Lumber Dealers in Mississippi and Louisiana was disbanded by affirmance of the decree of the Supreme Court of Mis? sissippi; the Standard Oil Company of Kentucky was ousted from Ten? nessee by the approval of the decree of the Supreme Court of Tennessee. Both, the State courts had held, vio? lated the anti-trust acts of the re? spective States. Justice Lurton announced the opinion of the court in the Mississippi case. It was his first utterance from the Supreme Court bench on the "trust" question. Re said the members of the asso? ciation had obligated themselves not to deal with any manufacturer or wholesaler in lumber who sold to consumers in the localities in which they conducted a business scfflcient'y large to meet the demands of the public. He accepted the findings of the State courts and declared that it is an Illegal combination and con? spiracy under the Mississippi statute. The proceedings in the Standard Oil case were begun in 1907 under the Tennessee anti-trust act. The charges against the Standard originated out of a transaction at Gallatin, Tenn. The Standard of Kentucky had oil stored In tanks in Tennessee, from which it procured a supply to serve merchants through? out various sections of the State. The Evansville Oil Company of Evans vllle, Ind., sent a salesman to Galla? tin to sell oil. He obtained a number of orders, whereupon the agent of the Standard Oil offered to give the mer? chants ten gallons of oil per barrel to countermand their purchase orders with the Evansville Oil Company. Four of them accepted. The Standard and two of Its agents were indicted under the State anti? trust act. One of the agents was convicted, but the Standard escaped punishment on the ground that it could not be fined under the act, but could only be ousted. Ouster proceedings were then be gun against it. the charges being bas? ed on the Gallatin transactions. The State courts issued an ousting decree from which an appeal was taken to the Supreme Court of the Unite* States. HVItNED TO DEATH IX HOME. Mrs. Martha Means Meets Awful Death in Union. Union, May I,?Mrs. Martha J. Means was burned to death at an early hour this morning, when the house in which she lived alone, form? erly the home of Robert Beaty, Sr., and situat?d three miles west of Union, was destroyed by fire. When the fire was first discovered by a ne? gro, who lives in the yard, it had at? tained considerable headway. This* negro at once made every attempt to awaken Mrs. Means, but she, being very deaf, failed to make response. The negro then broke into the house, but the the flames enveloped the stairway leading to Mr. Means' rooms on the second floor, and he could not ascend, and nothing was heard from the doomed woman. It is thought that the fire originat? ed from an oil stove much used by Mrs. Means in preparing lunches. The house was very old and burned like j ! tinder. When relatives of the lady, ! living in this city, reached the spot J after being summoned by negroes j living on the place, the house had j fallen in. All efforts to find the re? mains have so far proven unavail ing, the heat and cinders preventing close search. Mrs. Means, who was Miss Beaty, was twice married, her first husband being Col Robert Glenn, and the second the late Mr. Albert Means. She was about 70 years of age. The tragedy has shocked the I entire community. Matador Don Jorge Wickersham is I to see that no more bulls get Into the New York Republican china shop.? Washington Post. Mr. Taft's railroad bill looks as if ' it had been in a head-on collision i and tossed down an embankment . with the other debris. Still, we imagine that all Europe I will be rather glad when the Colonel I sails for home.?Charleston News j and Courier. _ ? Colonel Bryan is now making his ! appearance in the role of the Great I Denouncer. HS??., / ? ... . THE SOUTH'S BEST FARM PAPER The Progressive Farmer and Gazette RALEIGH, N. C, and STARKVILLE, MISSISSIPPI TRY IT 10 Weeks- !0 Cents We've got the kind of articles in our paper that you have been hankerin* for?not guess-work talk, but the kind that steers you right. We want you to read the following series How to Double Your Corn Yields. How to Grow Live Stock in the South. $ 1,000 in Prizes for Our Corn Club Boys. Short Talks About Fertilizers. "CROPS DOUBLED WITH HALF THE LABOR." I. T. CROWDER. Mecklenburg Co., Va. I ? You are publishing the bat agricultural paper in the United States of America and should be encouraged by every farmer in this Southern land. I am now past three-score and ten, but I never learned how to make corn until I read The Progressive Fanner and Gazette. We tanners all our days have' been cultivating the land, but you have taught us to cultivate the corn with intelligence and our crops have more than doubled with half the labor.1 TEN WEEKS TRIAL ONLY 10 CENTS! You will be pleased and continue your subscription. Give your boys a chance to compete for the grand prizes we are offering our Corn Club Boys. Don't let ten cents stand between us?don't?but fill out the Coupon below and mail it at once. This Coupon is Worth 10 Cents PROGRESSIVE FARMER AN! I GAZETTE, DEPT. M Raleigh, Noith Carolina. Gentlemen: I enclose, with thii c< upon, l~en Cents and the names of two persons I know to be interested in Fun life, for which lend MC I he Plft 2? sive I aniu r and Gazette for 10-weeks that 1 may get acquainted with your paper. NAME. POST-OFFICE \\T|-||<? yout name and address, above and endow this coupon with ten * ? * * " cei t in stamps ia ? sttonf ens^lqpe .?nd Mud direct to tlir oftce of The Progressive tanner and Garotte, Kah-igh, North di.lina, or Surkvile, Mieawppi. Send the ???? oi tWO pttsoni interested in agriculture on separate sheet of paper. STATE. This offer is to New Sub? scribers onlv Fill it in and Mail To-day