Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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SATURDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1909. The sumter Watchman was found ?4 In 1*50 and the True Southron in ls6f. The Watchman and Southron now has the combined circulation and Influence of both of the old papers, and is manifestly the best advertising medium In Sumter. ????mmmSSSSSaSSB? It 11' tOTTON MA UK KT. Ttie following article was not writ? ten in sum i t or about the Sumter cotton market, but it tits conditions in this city wsth such exact nicety that a wM Inf irsied resident of Sumter ooutd not lave described conditions snore accurately and explicitly. The article refers to the Anderson cotton market, and as will be seen the cotton sellers of Anderson are no better pie** ?1 with the average price system than arc .Sumter county farmers. The erstem must be wrong or there would ?tat h- ?.? much dissatisfaction and com pi not Why not give the plan of buying ?trtetly by grade a fair trial? "It necnui to us that the trouble with the Anderson cotton market is that the cotton is not sold on its merit... "An average price is offered, and every bale that comes in is sold at that price, whether it is middling, low middling m good middling. "It M? on the same principle as if an aver.it;>? price were fixed for Hour and all Krade? of flour sold at that price. "fcJvety bale of cotton ought to he sold on it., merits. The farmer who ha* estra good cotton should not be required to take less than it is worth. The farmer who has inferior cotton should not he paid more than It is worth 4 It Im claimed that by the average jprerv system the farmers get more for shear cotton as a whole than they tvfjsjd get if they sold it strictly on a gram* basis. We think there must be aoeae mistake about that. It is not a reasonable proposition. But urhuther the claim is true or net. the present system is causing a great dial of dissatisfaction. 'The question of excess bagging is a matter that will adjust Itself. If tee ?nu h begging Is put on a bale of cott ?n the buyer has a right to de? duct the excess, of course. But he ea*MMH stand up for that right in full gm*4 faith unlejss he has paid the full wi'o for the cot? >ii. MM*jVcu'y ?r thitty cent, w >rtn beginn? mi a tale of cotton is a ?in ? t SI I Tt I uld he (hat en tne Anderson market cot? ton will ?all for Ita real value, no more and no less. "There la no more reason why the rnHU should pay more for cotton than it is ?orth than there Is that the far mere should sell cotton for less than It ??. worth. "And yet this Is what happens ev? ery day under the present system of fining a? average price?cotton sells elfkcr too high or too low. The av? erage price is unfair to either the bur, r or the seller, and we believe it Is unfair to both. I/et the Anderson market be put back on the old basis, that of grad? ing all tne cotton and selling each halo on its merits. Let a trial be mad ?, anyhow, and lets see if this will not solve the problem.'*?Ander? ten Malt. KUMTKIfH GKKATKST NFKI>. A IvivvUng Man Fndor.se* tlie Plan to Ituild a Modern Hotel. To the Bditor of the Dally Item: Tbcre la a splendid opportunity for QuUrfde capitalists to Invest their momy In an enterprise which is sure Si give big returns on their invest? ment* and that Is to build an up-to dat" mod rn hotel. There is a cry? ing ?i^ccAsity for another. The Idea of a city the size of Sumter with, sag tS.tyO people, a largo floating sopul.itlm. having only one place for , the accommodation of the traveling j pubbc is almost inconceivable, but so It la The writer was asked by a Northerner on a train entering Sum? ter whi h was the best hotel. When told Ihe only one w . the best, In fac< tt wj. Holwon's choice, tithOf g*> to II? ? (inly hotel or take your ehanOOS at ?.?*?! ? boarding house. Now in a city gs thriving, progressiv?* and ener getl' * . sijmt.t, mich a condition of sffaiiN ihould not exist and if the CtiambT of Comcmrce, th?? mer? chants, thy bankers, and the citizens gee vi illy well o?*?rt themselves Sum? ter v.-it! have a commodious, well egu'tw* -t and well constructed hotel, wlo H Ail* be an attraction t> the city ml materially increa.se the value of *m 'O^rty, and be in keeping with the stately and imposing postofflce. when completed. N ? ?' Is the lime, the place and the sptiortanuy far capitalists to invest theb surpl'i* money in a paying In? vest in n? and at the same time help te bwuttfy the thriving city of Sum? ter. and the traveling public well ever pray. et:. A TftAVF.IJNO MAN H. . -? (\. <?ct. 20. 1909 Th I ? ?' ?1 rei IpU of cott??f 1 Ml ttllg rnaik.-i U date esceed 17.000. Farmers, Union News ?AND - Practical Thoughts for Practical Farmers (Conducted by E. W. Dabhs, President Farmers'* Union of Suniter County.) The Watchman and Southron having decided to double its service by semi-weekly publication, would improve that service by special features. The first to be Inaugurated is this Department for the Farmers' Union and Practical Farmers which I have been requested to conduct. It will be my aim to give the Union news and official calls of the Union. To that end officers, and members of the Union are requested to use these columns. Also to publish such clippings from the agricultural papers and Govern? ment Bulletins ay I think will be of practical benefit to our readers. Ori? ginal articles by any of our readers telling of their successes or failures will bd appreciated and published. Trusting this Department will be of mutual benefit to all concerned, THE EDITOR. All communications for tl is Department should be sent to E. W. Dabbs. Mayesville, S. C. A BIG YIELD OF WHEAT. Georgia Farmer Grows 300 Bushels On Six Acres. As requested I will try to inform the readers of your paper hjw I made 3J0 lushels of wheat on six acres of cemmon land, says T. C. Kelley. < f Henry County, Ga., writing in the Southern Cultivator. I call it common because it formerly made only about half a bale of cotton per acre, this land was cleared about fifteen years ago and has had no extra care, being worked by tenant until last fall some farmers began agitating the wheat question. Some contended that you could not make wheat without cotton seed or manure, and not having much manure, and cotton seed being worth $1 per hundred, they didn't think It would pay to use seed at that price, s ?me even said seed would buy more flour than your wheat would make. 1 decided I would see if wheat couldn't be profitably raised with commercial fertilizers. About the 1st of November I ran a stalk cutter, chopping them fine, afterwards I scat? tered about 500 pounds Ollt-Edge 10 2-2 guano (made by Atlanta Oil and Fertilizer Company) broadcast per j acre and broke land crosswise with ? scooter ploughs then laid off lands nro*? ormrwdte way and broad? cast, the same amount of guano (5ao pa .ids per acre) again and sowed IM I i. :.el of wboat per acre and ploughed in with some single scQOtef ploughs that I broke with first time, harrowed It over after ploughing in until I got surface thoroughly pulver? ized. Wheat came up a perfect stand and began to grow nicely. About Mnrch 15 I scattered two sacks of ni? trate of soda over the six acres, leav? ing out two small lands. This I th'nk increased the yield considerably, as there was a decided difference In the lands. I left and where I put the ni? trate over. Below I give expense of making wheat: Preparing and sowing.$ 6.00 Broadcasting guano. 1.00 1 ?m shels w heat at $1.30 .. .. 7.80 6.000 pounds guano. 60.00 2 sacks nitrate of soda. 12.00 Harvesting with binder. 6.00 HauMng wheat to thresh.. .. 5.00 Thresb's total. 35.00 Total.$132.89 Deduct this from 300 bushels of wheat at $1.20 or $390, we have a clear profit of $257.20, or nearly $43 profit per acre. Besides, I have a fine crop of peavine hay growing on tho land, also my land will be in fine shape for a crop another year. I have land that will make twice as much cotton per acre as the land T sowed in wheat, but it won't near pay the profit that my wheat did. P. S.?I only had 280 bushels of wheat threshed, but fed about 30 shocks to my stock, conservatively estimating it I place it at 300 bush? els. FOREIGN BUYING OF COTTON. Surprise Expressed at Amount Going To European Mills. Boston, Oct. 16.?Considerable sur? prise is being evinced among Amer? ican cotton mill treasurers at the present enormous volume of cotton exports, which are going to the mills of Europe, and particularly to Eng | lend, at a time when the Americans . have not entered the market to any I extent for their new supplies of the staple. Exports since September I have been larger than in either of the last two years, | total of 984,000 bales this year comparing with 822,000 bales for the same period of last year and 621.000 bales for the same period of 1907. Considering that foreign mills are in a much worse postlon than those in this country, and have, in fact, t ? ?>n curtailed to about 5 per cent of capacity for som<? weeks, it is a ques? tion whether these exports represent recent purchases of ootton at prevail" Irvr hltfh prices. It is good opinion thai they rather rcpr< nt deliveries n contracts mads earlier >?> ihs year, at lower prices, to mills which "hedg? ed" at that time. Notwithstanding this view, it is no secret that the present situation is causing considerable disappointment among American mills, which were unquestionably depending on a small foreign demand to mal:e for some? what lower prices for the staple this fall. Many mills in the South and also in New England have already come to the end of their supplies of the old crop, and are now buying from hand to mouth for their current needs. Few, if any mills, however, are stocking up for next year's busi? ness. THE FEEDING OF HOGS. Live stock Association Will Take Up Important Matters at the Next Ses? sion. The" Live Stock Association will meet Just after fair week this year, possibly during the fair, the exact date not having been set yet. One of the matters that is of vital Importance to this association is the feeding of cattle and hogs so as to produce the best results. Since cottonseed oil mills have grown so common in the South, cot? tonseed meal has become a standard feed for cattle and has proved most acceptable and profitable, both for dairy cattle and beef cattle. This fact naturally led to experiments in feed? ing horses, mules and hogs These experiments have been boti . ecess ful and unsuccessful, according as proper or improper conditions were observed. For feeding horses and mules, cot? tonseed meal may be. with profit, mixed with corn, using one to two pounds of cottonseed meal per day. There have never been any failures or difficulties by this method. The best ration tried for hogs was two pounds of cottonseed meal and eight pounds of corn well mixed, cov? ered with water and allowed to. fer? ment. The above ration of ten pounds Is about right for three days' feed for a 75-pound hog. The ration produces a gain in weight of one pound for every five pounds fed, while a pure corn atlon requires about 13 pounds of feed per pound gained. The total average gain for three months was 57 pounds per head, with the mixed ration, as against 16 1-4 for the corn ration. It is shown that the farmer saves 60 per cent, of the cost by using the meai for his hogs. Dr. Whittaker to Speak. Rev. J. E. Whittaker, D. D.. pas? tor of Holy Trinity church, Lancaster, Pa., will be here to lecture in St. James church next Monday night. Subject: "The Reformation of the Sixteenth Century." Dr. Whittaker is a very prominent and influential member of the Gen? eral Council. A man of pleasing ad? dress, fine speaker and puplit orator; an author, and a man of wide experi? ence and very capable of handling ids subject to the delight of his au? dience. His lecture will be edifying and instructive. Next Monday night, and the public Is cordially invited to attend. Doll iiazaar. The members of Sumter's Home Chapter, D. A. R., are preparing to hold a Doll Bazaar about the last of November. There Will be dolls of all kinds for sale, large and small, be? sides other features attractive for young and old. A new game is prom? ised for the little ones. The proceeds from this sale will be used in fur? thering the work of the D. A. R.'s, which is educational and patriotic. Mose Pierson, alias Si Plunkard, who escaped from a court constable after having been convicted of lar? ceny In the Court of General Sessions more than a year ago, and recently captured in Florida, and brought back, was brought Into court Mon? day and the sealed sentence left by Judge Watts read to him. iif was given two years on the chalngang. TIIK IDEAL UNIVERSITY. President Woodrow Wilson of i*rince ton Says That it Should insure the Aua kenin? of the Whole Man. The word "university" means, in our modern usage, so many differ* nt things that almost every time one em? ploys It, it seems necessary to define it, says Woodrow Wilson, President of j Princeton University. Nowhere has it so many meanings as in America, where institutions of all kinds display it in the titles they bestow upon themselves. School, college and uni? versity are readily enough disting? uishable, in fact, by those who take the pains to look into the scope and methods of their teaching; but they are quite indistinguishable, often? times, in name. They are as likely as not all to bear the same title. The American university as we now see it consists of many parts. At its heart stands the college, school of general training. Above and around the college stand the graduate and technical schools, in which special studies are prosecuted and prepara? tion is given for particular profes? sions and occupations. Technical and professional schools are not a neces? sary part of a university, but they are greatly benefited by close association with a university; and the university itself is unmistakably benefited and quickened by the transmission of its energy into them und the reaction of their standards and objects upon it. There is an ideal at the heart of everything American, and the ideal at the heart of the American university is intellectual training, the awakening of the whole man, the thorough in? troduction of the student to the life of America and of the modern world, the completion of the task undertak? en by the grammar and high schools of equiping him for the full duties of citizenship. It is with that idea vhttt I have said that the college stands at the heart of the American university. The college stands for liberal training. Its object is dipcip line and enlightenment. The aver? age thoughtful American does not want his son narrowed in all his gifts and thinking to a particular occupa? tion. He wishes him to be made free of the world in which men think about and understand many things, and to know how to handle himself in it. He desires a training for him which will give, him a considerable degree of elasticity and adaptability, and fit him to turn in any direction he chooses. If the American college were to be? come a vocational school, preparing only for particular callings, it would be thoroughly un-American. It would be serving special, not general, needs, and seeking to create a country of specialized men without versatility or general capacity. Knew Its True Value. SylvesteY Long, of Dayton, O., tells this story of some commercial friends of his: A customer who bought in a small way from the wholesalers and whose credit was not of the sort known as gilt-edged, visited the city and pur? chased a $2,8 00 bill of goods, paying $2.500 in cash and giving his note for the remaining $300. After the transaction had been closed and the paper and currency had canged hands the customer said: "Now, after a deal of that size it is customary to give the purchaser a present. Come across with it.." "We'll throw In a pair of suspend? ers," laughed the salesman, tempor izingly. "A pair of suspenders, eh! Say, quit fooling. I really mean it. I ex? pect you to do something in acknowl? edgment of my patronage." The salesman went to the manager with the problem and the manager said: "Well, if he feels that way about it we might encourage him a bit. We'll do something that ought to please him greatly. Give him back his $300 note. Make him a present of his pa? per. That will make him a cash cus? tomer, raise his credit and save him money besides." The salesman went back, pleased to be the bearer of such joyful tidings of liberality in busienss. "Well, sir,' he said, "we've arrang? ed about that present, all right. "Here," with a flourish, "is your note. We give it back to you." The customer did not beem enthu? siastic. Instead, without looking at the note, he asked: "Is it indorsed?" "No," said the salesman in aston? ishment. "Then I guess you better gimme the suspenders," said the disappoint? ed customer.?Chicago News. The United States government is spending $86,000 in the erection of new barracks and other buildings on Sullivan's Island. The Marlboro county grand jury charges that there is something wrong in the accounts of the trees ! urer and superintendent of education and recommends the employment of ;?n expert to check oxer the books. OLD H ADMEY AT WILLINGTON. Judge Longetroet, Author of "Georgia Scenes," Studied at BdgefleM School, Where Cnlhonn, McDnale, Legare, PCCtgru, Crawford and Pat? rick Were Trained by Mose* Wad doll. (George F. Meli- n in the Chattanooga By the fathers and mothers of many of us few names were cherished with more fondness than that of Au? gustus B. Longstreet. I recall how my fathe r, who went to Georgia as a Xew England schoolmaster, used to laugh over the pranks and jokes of "Ned Brace." as delineated in that al? ways refreshing book of humor. ' "Georgia Seem s." As the author of this book. Judge Longstreet will long live, when his work as lawyer, judge, preacher and college president shall have become dim through age. Bish? op O. P. Fitzgerald of Nashville, in his "Longstreet?A Life Sketch," tells us Just enough about the boyhood of this noble and useful man to make one wish that, even within a brief space he had given a nearer view. The first glimpse of the boy is as a pupil in Richmond academy, in his native city, Augusta, Ga. The tasks are irksome. The teachers are with? out love and sympathy. In after years he spoke of the school as having been a "hateful penitentiary-" Surely, there must have been some use of the rod or the dunce cap that left so unpleas? ant memory. Men who have risen to great eminence \v?re treated in school with v/hat was called "a dose of hick? ory oil.' Thomas Carlylo, the great English writer, confessed that it was once applied very helpfully in his own career. While at school he boldly told the teacher that he had grave doubts about the Bible and Christian? ity as divine. To this the principal of the "Blue-Coat School" replied: "Come this way, my lad, and take off your jacket." Soundly thrashed for his skepticism, he ever afterwards, he sahj. found himself clothed in his right mind, and his vanity gone. Wttliam H. Crawford, who came very^ near being a president of the United Stntes, was for three years a teacher in this academy, at the close of the eighteenth century. It must have been a little later on when Au? gustus was having much trouble. He said that it was the language In which the rules of the book were given that he could not understand and the teachers gave him little or no help. After a while the father of Augus? tus moved to Edgefield district in South Carolina. There the boy spent two happy years. Under the open sky. In the freshness of country life, amid the resinous smell of old field pines, he waxed strong. His ambition came to be to show himself the best run? ner, the best jumper and the best wrestler of his neighborhood. This free, easy, joyous life, it was granted to him to enjoy no longer than two years. Richmond academy was again to claim him as a student. He was loath to return. The experiences and trials of former years haunted him like a cruel vision. However, the turn? ing point of his career came through the new associations he enjoyed in Augusta. George McDuffie was clerking in the city. The two were only about forty days apart in age. They chanc? ed to be thrown under the same roof, and became roommates. The rare promise which McDuffie fulfilled in after life as a statesman was display? ed whih a merchant s clerk. His mind was filled with a burning desire for good knowledge. Such books and newspapers as came in his way he eagerly read. Slowly, but certainly, his love for knowledge was commu? nicated to his companion. In his joy over the good things he read he in? sisted on reading aloud to Augustus Longstreet. At first the latter found it irksome, then endurable and finally delighted. After this, as it were, their intimacy grew and ripened. Their tastes had become congenial. Their association reacted beneficially. Through observation young Augustus derived constant aid. He saw that young George, after reading a book or newspaper, remembered far more of tne contents than he. Therefore, he sot himself diligently to the work of improving his memory and of dis? criminating in the choice of reading matter. Two more years were spent at Richmond academy. When these were ended young Longstreet and McDuffie were sent to Dr. Moses Waddell at Willington, South Carolina. This was the most famous preparatory school of the South. Dr. Waddell. who af? terwards accepted the presidency of the University of Georgia, was know as the South s "Thomas Arnold," and Willington as its "Rugby.' Here were trained such men as John C. Calhoun, William li. Crawford, Hugh S. Le? gare, Jamee L, Petlgru and other men who came to enjoy like fame. Among students were, in embryo, a vice pres? ident, foreign ministers, members of cabinets, governors, senators, con? gressmen and men of every honorable station In life. MeDufiie rose to a United stat?s senatorshlp and to the governorship of South Carolina. Longstreet became a judge. While News.) the nominee of his party, the Demo? cratic, for congress, with his election assured, he gave up the nomination. He became a preach* r, sub qusfttty to become the president of church colleges and State universities. A po? litical careefi so auspiciously begun, was forevef abandoned, though he h never lost interest Injpoltlcal affairs. The boys who attend the academies of the present, with their fine build Ings, beautiful grounds and comfort? able quarters, have little idea of what was the character of Wellington when Judge Longstreet attended it. As most academies in the South before the Civil War, it was situated on the I principal s lands, in the depths of the J country, far away from any city. In J its most prosperous days it was at I tended by 130 students. These lived J in log cabins, whose chimneys were mostly sticks, though sometimes of I brick. In long rows they fronted each J other. Strung out underneath the j over-arching oaks, they formed a J long street. At its end stood the two I room school building, a frame struc? ture. One room was for the little fel I lows, the other for the?more advanced boys. Besides books, here the boys were taught the doctrine of self-help. They not infrequently built their own huts or cabins. For fuel they were re I quired to gc into the woods for the J supply. Once , addressing the students of a college, he urged the lesson and I benefit of manual labor upon younp men. He sfdd that during the three J years of his pupilage at Willington al I the fuel consumed on his hearth was j cut from the woods by himself and I room-mates, and was borne a long dis I tance to their door. Often they gave j four hours to this work, following it j with five hours of evening study, j Those were days of heroic effort and J aspiration. Among the students like? wise engaged with him were George IN. G ilmer, who became a governor of j Georgia; Hugh S. Legare, who be I came a cabinet member ^nd minister I to a foreign court and McDuffle, j whose positions of honor were num I erous. Under Dr. Waddell, Willington pre I pared students for the junior class j of any American college. Calhoun and J Longstreet entered this class In Tale I college, Patrick Noble, who was gov I ernor of South Carolina entered the J same class at Princeton, while Mc I Duffle entered the junior class in J South Carolina college. After two I years at Yale and one year in a Con I necticut law school, Judge Longstreet entered upon his long, varied and brilliant career. Cotton Bearing Trees. A test is to be made of the value of the fibre of the cotton bearing trees which grow wild in Sonora and Sin aioa, Mexico. The tree is known to the Mexicans as the aldone. The staple of the cotton Is not as long as that grown by the American planter, but there is no need of ginning it. Merely flaying it with a pole while it is spread out on a canvas or a floor will rfd It of the seeds. The staple is about an inch long. Charles Cummins, a rancher who has a hacienda near La Past< rilla in Sonora, has been experimenting with the cotton and is preparing to put up a small mill to weave cloth as an ex? periment. He believes that he will be able to produce a cloth as good as anything that can be made from ordi? nary cotton, and if so he says there is enough of the product in Mexico to supply that country with alll the cot? ton goods it will need. The Mexicans have never attempt? ed to weave the fibre, but they have for ages been using the lint for filling matresses and pillows, and they find that it is far superior to ordinary cot? ton as it is spongy and does not gath? er into knots. The bolls are much larger than the cotton bolls. The method of Mexi? cans in gathering the cotton is to pull the bolls just about the time they are ripe enough to open and before they begin to drop their contents, and to let them dry, when they will crack open and the lint can be moved read i4y. The lint is then piled on a can? vas or a floor and is Hailed after the old-fashioned way of threshing wheat, anc* the seeds readily dropout of the lint. The fibre is then gather? ed up and is ready for use. Mr. Cummings says the fibre *s stronger than the American cotton and he believes the cloth will be more durable. That Tired Feeling. John G. Johnson. Philadelphia's famous lawyer, was discussing drunk? enness from the legal point of view In the smokeroom of the Rotterdam. "No," said Mr. Johnson smiling, "the law doesn't take the eccentric view of drunkenness that prevails among hard drinkers. "A hard drinker's view of drunken? ness is very odd. I once knew a man whoh ad been seen by several wit? nesses snoring over a large beer and a small whiskey in a saloon. This man, though, swore be was not drunk. M *l was only." he said, 'fatipued with drinking.'"?Chicago Journal.