Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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PROFIT IN DAIRYING * STOSMION OF THK HUHJUl'T HY AN KXPKHT. i' ?f. J. H. jlorman of Department of AjrrscwJtsrc Tell* of What May he Done lei the South. At the recent meeting of the South erorina Uv? Stock aeaoclatlon an I t? resting report on business dnlry g wii made by Prof. J. B. Dorman * the United States department of * <r! culture. The paper la as follow*: la dlacuasin? this subject It s ill be necessary to consider nearly every i base of the business. We know that ?^?re are men In every State n the ' n^on making money in this business. \UC we know that there are some men la some ef the States that are not. We know that there Is money In the talking business, yet we hear 04! bank fallsrea every week. Two men may gs> lato the mercantile bsslness In the towa with the same amount of il. carry the same line of goods, rat while one may be successfil. the rthet wttl make a failure of It. Why ? this? Otie sure thing Is. It Is the lustlor that gets there every time. So SS every branch of Industry we hear if failure and success, but thone who are wide awake, keep themselves Seated upon what others are doing in their line, taking advantage of the ex? perience of others, are the oni* who ?US successful In business. These Isles, personal attention to de? fend bsslness methods, will go s wag on the road to success. 1 do sot believe there la any other MB a* earth that can sti.nd the be sin ess principles usually prac by the average dairy farri er. His Smalt lies mostly In his willingness to leave the details to hired help This wdil set do. When one considers the Saanagement of a dairy farm 11 la sup that the business haa some at* a to him other than from a metal standpoint. Otherwise he act feet like glvinj; It the personal lion that it requires. H? should a lever Of live stock, take pleasure feeding them, not? their develop and rarlation. and strivo to 1m rvn upon each succeeding genera ii la considering the profits from the ess we And that there are <Chrn* source* from which wo should Sjaake ssosey. First is the cash In ojesa*. seoead the increase and Ira Sseeemest In the hwrJ and 'there should always be improvement?and third, the Improvement in the soli. Wb srPJ consider chiefly the cash part Ojf ft. the most Important part of SPS la in th? selection of the A poor cow wilt not pay a pro under aay conditions. How many a know, positively, whether oesr la his hsrd la paying a t The dairyman may say that SSS) hsrd ie losing money every day hot that should not condemn every in his herd. Perhaps half of be money makers, but if mast make up the deficiency of other half of the herd they are gives credit for It because the er haa not given them the prop ear attend** It Is lust as important to hwrm the performance of every cow ha the herd as It Is for a merchant to fcsjep as Individual account wltli his sjsjKtosners. that he may know where |l cow belongs?In his barn or In Ira tetter's pen. There is only one sa*V may to Judge a cow and that Is by her performance. Let the scales Pshcock teat be her Judge. They r lie when handled by competent Sss. Tou may say that this Is too much extra work, that you do not fcsave time to weigh milk and feed and %sst the milk of each cow. How do km* ' Did you ever try It? Do realise that It may mean success Pa the business? Do you know that It ss the only proper way to build up Si herd of money makers? Make up pour mind to use this method and pou will be surprised to find how lit? tle time It really takes to keep an ac ejurate record of your herd, and It will place you In a position to point erat every cow glfti tell Just how much ?he is worth to you. I know of one tatrymaa who had 15 cows and was ?ailing an average of 100 pounds of hotter per week. After keeping hero ?coord* for one year he had trimmed lila hrrS down to 12 cows and still had too pounds of butter to sell ev we*k. and greatly decreasing the of It Now I have remarked that a poor will not pay a profit under any itlons. and I will say that a k<><*d will pay a profit under favorable ltl ?ns only In order to make - herd p*y th* com must receive ?er care and attention. In keep tB* an Individual account with your yss will be surprised to find a difference there Is In the want* and need* of the different Indi? vidual-* Ton will find that while one cow may consume an enormous ?amount ef feed and pay for It. other* sjrtn reqv' ? lees, but make Just as srrsrb pi Jtlt and any more feed given them vvnoift be wasted. These are ssjb><t< for considerable! hought anil semdy and I do not know of any bind ?re** that la more Interesting than to hake a herd of cows and study their characteristics, their needs and their J possibilities. At the World s Fair daily test where a high yield was the main feature, I had the good fortune to make a study of the possibilities of each cow in one of the herds. Every cow was fed all that she could stand and it was a problem to do this without over-feed? ing, but I believe that under those conditions every cow In that herd was fed to her limit, yet every cow paid a handsome profit, and I have noted in my observations on many dairy herds that It is always the generous feeder that is making the most money. So in Judging your cows ?o not condemn them until you have given them a fair trial, and convince yourself beyond a reasonable doubt that they should be executed. Do not condemn them on circumstantial evidence, but have pos? itive evidence of their guilt, and that can be secured only by keeping an ac? curate record of each one's perform? ance with the scales and Babcock tes? ter as an eye-witness to the deed. Peed, breed and study to produce a large yield, but do not lose sight of the cost of production. Up to this time we have not touched on the cost of feeding, which, of course. Is a vital point and one that is Just as Important as the selection of the cows. It is understood that the feed has most Important bearing on the performance of the cow. We know that the prices of feed stuffs are high, in some cases beyond their feeding value, but that should not af? fect the enterprising dairyman, for he can raise on his farm nearly every? thing that is required. If he has to buy all the grain and roughage at the present prlcee. he is up against a los? ing proposition. He can not afford to buy when he can grow it on the farm for leas. The profits In the dairy bus? iness He not in the selling price of the product only, but In the cheapness of production. If you can reduce the cost, it adds to the profits Just the same as if you were getting an ad? vance on the selling price. This meana study at both ends of the busi? ness. Study to increase the yield and study to reduce the cost of produc? tion. One can be done by breeding and selection; the other by care and feeding. The varieties of feed that can be grown on the farm are almost un? limited, but there are two feeds that are most necessary, hay and corn. Cows should have dry roughage of some kind and many varieties of grass? es can be grown cheaply in any part of the country. Corn is necessary for silage. Other forage crops may be substituted for corn in making silage. but none have given euch satisfactory ? results aa corn for this purpose. No dairyman can afford to be without a silo. There is no feed that can equal good corn silage for dairy cows; both for producing results and for econ? omy. It is economical feed. It is al? ways there when you need it most. In summers when paeturee are dry; in winter when frost has withered the grass; on cold rainy days, when cows need chelter; on all occasions it is a valuable feed and no dairyman can can afford to be without it. More feed can be produced on an acre of land when it ie put In the silo than any other way. Silage is not only a cheap feed, but It is healthful, be? cause it is succulent, palatable and Is relished by all animals. It promotes digestion and aids In the digestion of other feed. The silo should, In a manner, take the place of pasture in summer as well as In winter Cows In milk should not be required to earn their living by harvesting their own feed. If you can bring the feed to the cows, saving them that labor, they will contribute a larger amount to the milk pall. The cows should have ex? ercise enough to maintain health, but should not he required to spend their energy and vitality at hard labor. If she does, you must not expect her to give an account of all the feed she has consumed. The dairyman should say to her: Lie In the shade, my pretty m.ud. Let nothing dis? turb your dream; I'll produce the feed, all that you need, If you will produce butter and cream. Olve the cows comfortable quarters, a lot large enough to permit exercise, plenty of wholesome well-balanced feed and have a supply of pure water, where It will be accessible at all t mes. Then If they do not pay a prollt, It Is time to have a private con? versation with the butcher. In confining the cows to the barn, and a small exercise lot It will be pos? sible to save all the manure, which Is one of the Indirect sources of profit in the dairy business. When live stock is allowed to roam over a large aiea It le almost Impossible, or at least impracticable, to gather the nanure and it is almost wholly wast? ed. It lies out exposed to the sun. rain and wind and after many days It has disappeared with no benefit to the pasture land, in order to secure the benefit of manure it must he avail? able for plant food nnd It does not become available until It Is mixed with the soil. Droppings In the pas? ture will not be available for plant food for this reason, but lies on top of the soil, killing the grass* It (overs and really a damage to posture In? stead of a benefit. For this reason It Is economy to confine the cows in milk where the droppings can be gathered and saved to fertilizer tu<> coil is growing crops. At this time when farm labor is so scarce, every effort should be made to increase the yield per acre so that expenses In that way can be reduced as much as possible. Yet many dairyman do not realize the value of this by-product of the herd. They do not take the pro? per care of and get the full benefit of this valuable fertilizer. What do you think of a man that will get into a rage because the hired man spilled a few pounds of cotton seed meal In front of the barn door, when just on the other side of the barn there were tons of fertilizer just as good (less 20 per cent.) being tramped over by cat? tle and wasted away by the rain? The profits in the dairy business will Increase or decrease according to the quality of the goods put on the market. All of your work In select? ing and care in feeding will still re? sult in failure unless you can turn out an article that will bring a top price on the market. Give your customers good goods and you will have no trouble in finding a market for all you can produce. We have touched on every phase of the business and we find that it is made up of small things, none of which can be overlooked without disastrous results. Now here are a few facts every dairyman should know about his business: I ti What Is costs him to produce one gallon of milk. 2. What it cost him to produce one pound of butter. 3. What it cost him to feed a cow, for one year. 4. The pounds of milk and butter each cow produces. 6. Which are the most profitable and which are the poorest cows in the herd. 6. What Is the best and cheapest feed. And, I repeat and believe, that per? sonal attention, good judgment and strictly business methods applied to dairy farming will yield as good re? turns on the money invested ^s any other business on earth. WIRE IN SUGAR SCALES. Government Says It Was Used To De? fraud. New York, Feb. 10.?At the re? sumption in the United States Circuit. Court today of the trial of the govern? ment's six suits against the American Sugar Refining Company to recover upward of $240,000 in damages for al? leged false weighing of imports, Hart E. Esterbrook, of the custom service at this port, was called as a witness and described the exact procees of duty-levying on sugar before the im? porter is alowed to obtain the goods. Photographs and diagrams of the scales of the Havemeyer it Elder re? fining docks, in Brooklyn, purporting to show the alleged fraudulent ap? pliance, which, according to the pic? tures, was in the nature of a wire lever upon the inside of the scale bal? ance, were offered In evidence. United States Weigher Thomas D. Hyatt Identified a small piece of wire which he said had been taken from a stanchion of the scale directly in front of the seat occupied by the com? pany's checker. The witness pointed out on the diagrams how the wires had been arranged and, he declared, concealed by boards over the lower half of the scale. The cross-examination of Mr. Hyatt was taken up at the afternoon session. In answer to Lawyer John B. Stanch field's questions, the witness said that he had made unexpected visits to the docks where cargoes were being weighed and had reweighed numer? ous truck loads and checked up his figures with those made by the assist? ant weigher in the scale house. "And did you ever in that way ar? rive at any discrepancy In the fig? ures?" asked Mr. Stanehfleld. "No," replied the witness. The lawyer for the defense asked the witness about the wire device which he had found attached to the scales. "How large was the hole through which the wire was stuck?" he asked. Hyatt said it was so small as to be In? visible without the aid of a lighted match. President W. B. Thomas, of the American Sugar Company, attended the afternoon session of the trial, which was adjourned until tmorrow. The Chicago Charter Committee has accepted a resolution declaring for a clause giving municipal suffrage to women. Further complications In the un? fortunate crusade against the Japa? nese in California is being caused by Chinamen of the State who are rais? ing the point that in taking the part ? ?f the Japanese In the agitation Pres? ident Roosevelt is discriminating against them. Chinese children are barred from the white schools and nothing is thought of It by the na? tional government, hut when an at? tempt Is made to close the doors on the Japs the administration at Wash? ington Steps In to Interfere. There is something In the contention of the Chinaman, DISPENSARY INQUIRY LOST. BILL PROVIDING FOR INVESTI? GATION VOTED DOWN. State Senutc Rejects the Measure? Senator Sinkler Vigorously and Ef? fectively Resists the Proposition. Which, He Claims, is Needless. Columbia, Feb. 15.?The county dispensaries will not be Investigated this summer. The senate this after? noon killed Senator Otts's bill provid? ing for an investigation of the va? rious county dispensaries by a vote of 15 to 13. The bill created much dis? cussion, taking up practically all o! today's morning and afternoon ses? sions. Senator Sinkler, of Charleston, spoke again this afternoon upon the bill, which he characterized as a use? less and needless measure. The vote on the motion to table the motion to strike out the enacting words of the bill resulted as follows Yeas?Carlisle, Carpenter, Christ? ensen, Forrest, Johnstone, Laney, Lide, Mauldin, Otts, Rainsford, Sulli? van, Summers, Waller. Total 13. Nays?Appelt, Black, Clifton, Croft, Graydon, Hardin, Harvey, Hough Johnson, Kelley, Muckenfuss, Rogers, Sinkler, Stewart, Townsend. Total 15. The motion to strike out the enact? ing words of the bill being put re? sulted in the killing of the bill. Senator Otts, the author of the bill, by voting with the majority on this, announced his intention to make * motion later to reconsider the bill. This Is possible in the senate. CLERK OF COURT FEES. Senator Clifton's Bill to Legalize Higher Fees Than the Statute Heretofore Sanctioned. The following bill which was intro? duced in the senate by Senator Clif? ton, is now on its way through the house, having been favorably re? ported. The purpose of the bill is to legalize higher fees than the law has heretofore permitted. A bill to fix the fees of the clerk of the court of Sumter County. Be it enacted by the general assem? bly of the State of South Carolina: Sec. 1. That the fees of the clerk of the court of Sumter County shall be as now provided by law, except as follows: For recording real estate mortgages of two thousand words or under, $1.50: for recording like mort? gages of more than 2,000 words, $1.50 for the first 2,000 words, and for ad? ditional words at the rate of ten cents per 100 words: for recording deeds of real estate, one dollar. Including the auditor's fee of 25 cents; for record? ing liens and mortgages of $100 and over, one dollar; indexing liens and mortgages under $100, thirty cents; indexing agricultural liens, 15 cents; recording chattel mortgages over $100, seventy-five (75) cents; index? ing chattel of $100 and less, 15 cents. The Law as it Stands. Sec. 3102. Except in the Counties of Bamberg, Barnwell, Beaufort Clarendon, Colleton, Dorchester, Marlboro, Orangeburg, Pickens, Oco nee, Georgetown, Fairfield, Green? ville, Richland, Berkeley, Union, Horry, the following fees shall be al? lowed to Clerks of Court In this State, in lieu of all fees now allowed by law. For recording a lien or mortgage on real estate, with or without renun? ciation of dower, and certifying same on the back thereof, seventy-five cts.: Provided, Such deed or mortgage does not exceed fifteen hundred words, in which case they shall be entitled to receive and collect an adltional sum of eight cents per hundred words on all words over one thousand, for re? cording each chattel mortgage over one hundred dollars and certifying same on the book thereof, fifty cents: Provided, Such chattel mortgage does not exceed one thousand words, in which case they shall be entitled to charge and receive an additional sum of eight cents per hundred words on all words over one thousand; for in? dexing each chattel mortgage under one hundred dollars and certifying same on the back thereof, ten cents; for Indexing each agricultural Hen, and certifying same on the back thereof, ten cents; for recording each lien and mortgage combined, and cer? tifying same on the back thereof, fifty cents; for entering each satisfac? tion on the record of a mortgage of real estate or a chattel mortgage, and certifying same on the back thereof, ten cents; for recording or copying plats of not more than six corners, seventy-five cents; for every corner over six, six cents; for every probate In writing, twenty-five cents; for ev? ery certificate, except the certificates on the backs of papers recorded by them, and certificates of judicial rec? ords in their offices required for the court or,a Judge thereof, twenty-five cents; for recording other paper re? quired by law to be recorded, except judicial records, eight cents DC hun derd words. It Is reported that another cotton mill will he organized at Salem, N. C, with a capital of $110.000, OIL TRI ST PAYS FINE OF $50,000. Waters-Piere?' Company of Missouri Files Acceptance of Terms, Speci? fied by Ouster Order. Jefferson City, Mo., Feb. 15.?On the ground that the Waters-Pkrce Oil Company of Missouri has not complied with the ouster decree of the Supreme Court of the State, in an answer filed this morning, Attorney General Mf.jor filed with the court a suggestion that the ouster be made effective a.rainst the concern. The action of the attorney general Is based upon the fact that the com? pany has not furnished satisfactory evidence that it has severed its con? nection with the Standard Oil Com? pany. H. S. P. lest of St. Louis and H. Clay Pierce, chairman of the board of the Waters-Pierce Company, today filed in the Supreme Court of Mis? souri an acceptance of the terms laid upon the company by the recent oust? er order of ? the court. The fine of $50,000 was paid. The ouster decree provided that the company must show to the c">urr that It had severed all connection with the Standard Oil Company. A statement to this effect may yet be requited by the court. Judge Priest, however, said that he believed today's action covered the case so far as the Missouri corpora lion is concerned. Thanks to Senator Tillman. Senator Tillman has placed all the people of Charleston, white and black, and of the State and the South under great obligations to him for his splen? did fight against the confirmation of Dr. Crum to be Collector of Customs at Charleston. He has handled him? self in this matter in an altogether admirable way. We cannot speak too highly of him and his work, and we are sure that he will receive, as he certainly merits the thanks of the country. Yesterday, when Senator Frye ask? ed the Democratic senators to permit the Crum nomination to come to a vote on March 1, they would net agree to the proposition, whereupon the sen? ator from Maine remarked: "Very well, I will withdraw the nomination for the present." The Associated Press reports that "it is understood by senaie leaders that the case will not be again considered at the present session.' That is doubtless what they understand; but is that what Senator Frye meant? Ordinarily, we should answer in the affirmative; out ; the senator from Maine has pressed the appointment so stubbornly and with apparertly so much feeling that Sen? ator Tillman should keep a sharp lookout on the situation until after the noon hour on the fourth day of March? the day on which Mr. Roose? velt an i all his political baggage will move out of the White House and the capitol forever. Mr. Tillman, don't forget what Senator Frye said: "I will withdraw the nomination for the pres? ent." and "keep on ploughing." We have said that Senator Tillman ha3 doie a good work for all the peo? ple, both white and black, and we might add for the black people, par? ticularly. They have gained nothing in this town nor anywhere else In the South by the appointment of Dr. Crum, in politics, or business, or indus? try, or social position. He has gained nothing for himself in any of these ways. For six years he has gone to his office at the Custom House daily, as a matter of form. There he has come into contact with none of his own people?they have no business with i;he office, and have never had. All the business of the Custom House is transacted with white people, the merchants and importers of this and other Southern communities, and the business of the office itself has been attended to by his white assistants. He has never appeared on any public oc? casion at this port in which the white people were interested, and if he should be continued in the office, to which he has added neither dignity nor value, for a thousand years this condition would not be changed. He was forced on the community, and he has been kept in office by force, not the force of arms, because there has never been the least disposition to do him bodily harm, but the force of an unbalanced and wholly irresponsible president at Washington against his own better instincts and the protests of many senators and representatives of his own party as a punitive meas? ure towards the people of tnis town, who have never done him any harm, and as a mean and dishonest political trick to catch the favor of the negroes of the country. There is a special fitness in Crum and Roosevelt going out together; servant and lord, tool and master. _ The Woodruff (S. C.) cotton mill is reported as to build an addition this year. It now operates 37,000 ring spindles and 810 broad looms, produc? ing print cloths. Governor H.tdlcy, of Missouri, saws wood. That and Its accompanying virtue have a distinct advantage over 90-mile horseback rides.?New York World. ! IPLOMAT RESIGNS POSITION. Henry \ ignaiid. Secretary of Confed? erate roilflMl?lllS la Purls uiul Aw.erican Embassy. Paris, Feb. IS.?Henry Vignaud, secretary of the American embassy at Paris, has resigned, the resigna? tion to take effec: on March 31. In letter which he has forwarded to President Roosevelt, he assigned as the reu: on tor h.s decision his ad? vanced age. Henry Vignaud came abroad as secretary to the Mason and Slidell commission to Europe and was secre? tary of the Confederate diplomatic commission in Paris in 1863. In 1875 he became the regularly commission? ed secretary of the American legation at Paris, after which he was continu? ously secretary of the American le? gation and embassy for 34 years, dur? ing which time he took not a single leave of absence. A few years ago the French government named him as arbiter in the Franco-Haitian con? troversy. A Confederate Veteran. Washington, Feb. 15.?It is prob? able that Mr. Vignaud will be suc? ceeded by John W. Garrett, .secretary of the embassry at Rome, as secre? tary of the embassy at Paris. Vignaud was born in New Orleans of an old Creole family. At the out? break of the war he entered the Con? federate army and was captured in New Orleans. In 1869 he became secretary of Roumanian legation in Paris, was connected In 1872 with lh?* Alabama claims commission and was a delegate from the United States to the international diplomatic metric conference. Since 1875 he has been with the American legation in Paris. DRIGGERS FOUND GUILTY. J. Frank Drivers Convicted of Mur? dering His Sister and Recommend? ed to Mercy of Court. Manning, Feb. 11.?The jury in the case of J. Frank Driggers, charged with the murder of his sister, Mis. Mamie Boseman, at 10 o'clock tonight returned a verdict of guilty with rec? ommendation to mercy. Driggers is the first man convicted of a capital crime by a Clarendon jury in the past 11 years. There has been much Inten t Tn the case, and the court room haa been crowded during the 'rial.' The case has been hard fought throughout cid every point intro? duced in evidence has been contested. It appears from the testimony that liquor was a very important antece? dent cause of the homicide. WILL NOT INVITE FEDERALS. Confederate Veterans ? Alone Will Meet at Memphis?Participation of Outsiders Barred. New Orleans, Feb. 15.?Gen. M. E. Mickle, adjutant general of the Uni? ted Confederate Veterans, today gave out the statement, saying that there would be no joint session of the "Blue and Gray" at Memphis. No Invita? tions would be issued to any but Con? federates to take part in the reunion, as the constitution of the order ab? solutely forbids any invitation to others. ROASTED IN THEATRE. Horrible Disaster in Aeapulco, Mexico Mexico City. Feb. 15.?Between 250 and 300 were burned to death and many injured in a fire which destroy? ed the Flores theatre in the city of Aeapulco last night. The news of the. disaster reached the capital this morning, telegraphic communication with Aeapulco having been disturbed, owing to the fact that the telegraph office adjoining the theatre was burn? ed and all wires put out of commis? sion. ? 4 The floor of the theatre was a J wooden affair, and last night over 1, 000 crowded Into to It to witness a performance given in honor of Gov. Damian Flores of the State of Guer ro. who was visiting the port at the time. One of the number of the pro? gramme consisted of a series of mov-^ ing pictures. While the operator wan f exhibiting these, a film caught fire, and a blaze was quickly communi? cated to bunting which had been used for decorative purposes. In an in? credibly short time the flames spread to all parts of the structure. There were but three narrow exits and the panic-8tlcken audience rushed to these, many falling and being crush? ed to death, their oodles choking the way to escape for others. CALHOlN TRI AL RESUMED. Noted Criminal Case Again Taken Up After Postponement. San Francisco. Feb. 15.?After a pcrtponemenb of four da > s due to the illness of Assistant District At? torney Francis J. Heney and the in^j ? ervening holidays, the trial of Pat? rick CalhOUB was resumed today. The proceedings were confined to a pre? liminary examination of lh? llth special venire of jurors.