The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, December 26, 1906, Image 1
THE SOiTER WATCHMAN, Established April, 1850.
'Be .lust and Fear not-Let all the ends Thou AInis't at be thy Country's, Thy God's and Truth's."
?Ccnsoi/dated Aug. 2a 1881.
SUMTER, te. Gu WEDNESDAY, BELEMBEB 26, i*06.
THE TRUE SOUTHRON, Established June,
Sew Series-YoL XXVL ><> 2&
Published Every Wednesday,
-BY
OSTEEL PUBLISHING COMPANY,
SUMTER, S, C.
Terms:
$1.5!) per annum-in advance.
Advertisements:
' Ore. Square first insertion...... $1.50
Eyery subsequent insertion.53
Contracts for three months, or
longer , .viii be nickle at reduced rates.
All communications . which sub?
serve private interests will he charged
for as advertisements.
Obituaries and tributes of respects
will be charged for.
PROFITS FOR GOTO STATES
-.
v XEW YORK COTTON GAMBLERS
MUST BE ELIMNATED AS
FACTORS.
They are the Enemies of thc South and
Do More to Keep Cotton Market
! Unsettled Than All Oilier Infiu
enees.
New Orleans, Dec.. 20.-The cotton
markets of the world are now so -far
out of gear with each other that a
working basis is hopelessly out of the
question. New York, with its large
stock of undesirable cotton and ito
fixed grade differences which favor
this class of tenders, has persistently
hammered that market, while New
Orleans, with its natural grade dif
'fe
ferences, has persistently befriended
tee best interests of the st?ple. This
r sort of ; thing has been going on for
three years, and the disparity in quo?
tations that has- resulted has stirred
up not only the newspapers : of the
Southern States, but the yr ess of Eu-:.
* rope as well.; the spinner requires- le?
gitimate hedges, not gambling con?
tracts, for his spindles need a con?
stant supply of actual cotton.
- Clearly. several very big problems
now confront the cotton trade the
world over.
The speculator cannot be .driven
"out "because" he' is an essential factoi
in the cotton market.
New York having ceased to be val?
uable as a hedging market, the ques
I tion therefore arises, "Why support
? it-any longer?"
Kl Beyond the shadow of a doubt the
BB New York Cotton Exchange in the
|Bff-orst enemy the cotton producer has
&Blp contend against How far this is
Bigie is. evidenced in many ways, one
Bfflfcwhich is the fact that even the
j^BSpern Unio'n Telegraph company,
?BBch h'as. the exclusive right to
BHdg|bmit quotations to the various
flanges throughout the country,
BBB out a full report from New
.land only a partial report from
iigrleans, which is the largest
. - .. - s: act::al cotton market In
HS^^F^oes New York's advantages'
BflHflpo there. In those Southern States.
^Th?ite .an ti-future trading laws have
been enacted in an honest effort to
counteract New York's evil power,
but which in some ways hs-ve thet ef?
fect of crippling New Orleans' efforts
in behalf of the staple, the Western
Union, which under contract holds
the exclusive right to furnish quota?
tions to the various exchanges, has
refused to permit interior local cot?
ton exchanges which have been or?
ganized for the sole purjose of sup?
plying cotton growers and merchants
with cotton market information, and
with no idea whatever of trading in
futures, from concracting with the
private wire houses in New Orleans
for the inexpensive but valuable news
service and quotations that have been
going from New Orleans, the produc?
ers' market, tb all sections of the cot
ron belt where private wire offices !
were maintained. The abandonment i
of these offices in such States as Geor- ?
gia leaves the interior without direct i
information from New Orleans. The
Western Union service, which carries
no market comment, favors New
York, and at the same time posts more
than a small exchange can afford to
pay.
Meanwhile, the men who have
been boosting the value of cotton at
New Orleans during the past several
years, have started a movement
against New York aiong rather
unique lines. A successful bull cam- I
paign in New York being all but im- I
possible because of the favoritism j
shown the bear by its contract, the I
plan involved provides for the rais- j
ing of a fund sufficient to purchase !
every bale of New York stock, which
will then be sold to the consumer at
its spot value. The New York future
market being so much lower than
southern spot markets many a day
will elapse before another protective
stock of "dogtail" and trash can be
accumulated there.
Within the very recent past the
Southern spot markets have evidenc
ed. a serious desire and intention to
take a hand in the effort to abate
some of the evils that now beset fu?
ture trading in cotton.- In this con?
nection the Savannah Morning News
of last Friday says: "As an emphat?
ic protest, and as perhaps a solution
in part, it has been suggested from
many quarters that the legitimate
cotton interests of the South wage a
general boycott on the New York Cot?
ton exchange in the matter of hedg?
ing. This can be done by using the
New Orleans Cotton exchange which
much inoro nearly represents the
pj-iee of cotton and where the differ?
ences in grades are changed from
day tos day, and not kept rigid as in
the New York market"
The Southern Cotton Journal has
pointed out the same thing and illus?
trates the fact that such a procedure
would raise the value of actual cot?
ton because the value of a New Or?
leans hedge is always greater than
that of a New York hedge.
Custom rather than intelliger-:e
still prompts men to sell cotton, in the
south on the basis of the New York
future market which is invariably
from 20 to 50 points lower than the
New Orleans market In this connec?
tion the Southern Sentinel, of Winn
field, La., says: '.'For three years the
cotton trade of the world over has
been amazed because the price of cot?
ton at New Orleans, the principal pri?
mary markef, is relatively higher
than rt New York and Liverpool, but
only ia tne very recent past has the
real reason for this reversal of the
logical order of things cottonwise
been generally understood, and the
aw?k?j$K2 has added much potential
torc?, to the farmer's power as a price
malic*.
Tuesday'^ cotton market reports
shew these te r.?e facts: New York
January futures, 3.36; Nev, Orleans
January futures, 10.10. Middling
spots in New Orleans 10 1-4 cents.
In other words, New York futures are
kept low enough to enable the holder
of long contracts to take the low
grades on tender without loss which
because of the New York arbitrary
fixed trrf?erences " ?re'-~ ten ?eradle a: a
price about 75 points above their act?
ual value. This is not the case in
New Orienas because here "low grade
cotton cannot be tendered to any ad?
vantage over the best grades in the
market, as actual conditions of supply
and demand in the spot market regu?
late the value at which all grades can
be tendero! on contract. And this is
the reason why the legitimate cotton
trade is urging the South to throw all
its hedging business to the New Or?
leans market and why the farmer
should demand New Orleans basis on
F. O. B. sales.
With the price of champagne ad?
vancing, diamonds going up and the
demand for a wage increase growing
[Stronger, the rich are beginning to
rhaye troubles of their own.-Wash?
ington Post.
You don't have to be a good exam?
ple very long without getting an idea
that you are the grandest martyr that
ever lived-New York Press.
I A Pittsburg millionaire advised his
son to hitch "your wagon to a star,"
and the next day he eloped with an
j actress in the old man's automobile.
i Washington Times.
Thai Tillman did not use all his
brickbats in Chicago, is shown by the
shower of them he hurls at those who
are jumping- on him for not paying
his income tax.-Columbia Record.
Levi P. Morton, former vice presi
I dent of th? United States, is over 80
; years old. but still as active as he was
v >ars ago.
I . Mcago wants the south tj sup
i pr? :. Senator Tillman. It's a little
heeky in Chicago to ask the south
I to do something she could not do her
I self.-Washington Times.
MOKE FARMERS' SCHOOLS.
An Agricultural College in Each Dis?
trict.
Washington, Dec. 21.-Congress?
men frt'.m all southern districts are
pleased with the bill introduced by
Representative Livingstone, of Geor?
gia, providing $10,000 for the estab?
lishment of an agricultural college in
every congressional district in the
United States. The bill provides that
these amounts may be consolidated,
if the different representatives in any
State should desire to do so and if
the governors should deem this plan
better than to devote the money to
smaller institutions.
There is little doubt that-the bill is
for the purpose of. ridding a larger
fund to colleges already established
and will probably bring about a good
fight some time in the future.
DECLINED A FAT OFFICE.
One Rough Rider Discovered Who
Does Not Want a Federal Job.
Washington, Dec. 22.-Capt. Jack
Greenway, a former member of
Rosevelt's Rough-riders, has declined
the office of commissioner of the gen?
eral land office, which the president
offered him. Greenway is engaged in
a mining deal in Wisconsin and he
tc ld the (president : he could not, m
justice to his associates, give it up for
a federal office.
JAPS FOR BRAZIL.
Washington, Dec. 21-The state de?
partment has been informed by
agents in Brazil that capitalists there
are seeking to import Japanes la?
borers to harvest the coffee crop. The
proposal is made to ask the govern?
mental authorities to introduce 10,
000 Japs at once.
S. Kumabe, secretary of the Japa?
nese agricultural board, is- investigat?
ing the possibilities of rice culture ih
Brazil. This will probably call for
more Japanese laborers.
The comment is made that these
preparations do not show that Japan
is as anxious to keep her coolies in the
Orienet. as she has pretended.
HITCHCOCKS ORDER STANDS.
Action Regarding Public Lands Will
Not Be Withdrawn Unless so Or?
dered by Court.
Washingto n,Dec. 20.-Secretary of
the Interior Hitchcock, who was call?
ed before the senate committee on In?
dian: affairs yesterday, declared today
that his order withdrawing 4,000,000
acres of land belonging to the Five
Civilized Tribes will stand and the
land wil not be restored unless the
investigation as to the legality of 'his
act, now in-progress, develops that he
exceeded his authority.
Previously Secretary Hitchcock had
been in consultation with the presi
t^~rt yr. ye.z&FC\ teethe order w^^ w
ing from allotment about which Sec?
retary Hitchcock and Secretary Wil?
son were questioned by a senate com?
mittee yesterday. Commissioner
Leu pp of the Indian office and Gifford ^
Pinchot chief forester of the depart- j
ment of agriculture, also were pres?
ent
Representative Stevens of Texas in- j
troduced a resolution in the house to?
day asking that Secretary Hitchcock
of the department of the interior be
requested to furnish the house with
full information concerning his re- !
fusal to allot to Indians of the Choc-;
taw and Chickasaw nations the lands
on which they live.
ANOTHER NEGRO SUICfiE
Rock Hill Negro Who Served Five
Ye? rs in the. Penitentiary, ^ Rills
Himself.
Charlotte, N. C., Dec. 20.-Dave
Massey, a well known negro, com?
mitted suicide here tonight by shoot?
ing himself through the body with a
pistol. Massey entered his home to?
night through the back door, secured
his pistol, walked out on the sidewalk
and shot himself. He spoke to no
one of his intentions and his friends
can advance n > reason tor th? a^t.
Massey came io Charlotte from Rock
Hill, S. C. Some ten years ago he was
arrested by Charlotte * officers for
burglary committed in Columbia, S.
S., was taken back, tried and sen?
tenced to five years, which he served.
Since that time he has lived here and
was regarded as a faithful, industri?
ous colored man.
PATRICK NOT CRAZY.
Albany, N. Y., Dec. 21.-"Patrick is
not crazj- or anywhere near it, not?
withstanding contrary reports," de?
clared Superintendent of the Prisons
Collins today, when told that Gov.
Higgins intimated that Patrick's long
incarceration had been too great a
strain mentally for him. "I saw Pat?
rick a few days ago," continued Su?
perintendent Collins, "and while he
talks and wants notoriety, I believe
him sane."
IN GREAT DEMAND.
Washington, Dec. 20.-Statistics of
the commerce and labor department
show that American business con?
sumed more than half the rubber
crop of the world.
Imports this year amounted to
$50.000,000. The popularity of its
application to the automobile and
bicycle and greater usc of the rubber
through the application of electricity
in daily affairs of th? p??ple is re?
sponsible for the incr demand.
ENDORSES WILLIAMSON PLA
PROF. NEWMAN, OF CLEMSON,
SAYS IT MAKES CORN.
A Searching Review of the Essential
Features of the Method Originated
by Mr. Williamson-After a Careful
Personal Examinatiort the Clemson
Expert Reports That Wherever
Tried it Has Been Found Superior
-Farmers Urged to Experiment
Witk it Next Year.
Clemson College, Dec. 20.-Prof. C.
L. Newman, who recently visited Dar?
lington county and the Pee Dee sec?
tion for the purpose of investigating
the pian of growing corn originated
by Mn Mciver Williamson, an account
of his visit having been printed in the
News and Courier at the time, has
completed his report on the subject
The correspondent of the News and
Courier has been permitted to copy
the report which will have great in?
terest for planters in all parts of the
State. In part it is as follows:
The peculiar or essential William?
son plan features are:
1. Deep and thorough preparation
of seed bed. The soil is not only
broken to fully twice the depth to
which it is usually broken, but is
broken much more thoroughly than
is the custom.
2. xDeep planting.of the seed. The
seed are placed four to six inches be?
low the soil level, and almost or quite
in contact with the subsoil but cover?
ed to the usual depth. This aids in
"stunting" or retarding the growth
of the young corn and of grasses and
weeds as well, since very nearly ail
the soil proper has been ploughed
away from the corn row and into the
middles, and no fertilizer has been
applied j
3. Infrequent and partial cultiva?
tion in early stages of growth. This
is contrary to the popular belief and
practice, and Mr. Williamson styles it
"the most difficult point in the, whole
process," requiring experience and
judgement "to know just how much
the stalk should, be stunted, and plen?
ty of nerve is required to hold baek~
your corn when your neighbors, who
fertilize at planting time and culti?
vate rapidly, have corn twice the size
of yours."
4. An increase of 200 per cent or
more in the number of stalks per acre.
With rows 6x1 feet the Williamson
plan has a little more than 7,300
stalks per acre against a little more
than, 2,900 if planting is done 5x3
feet in accordance with the ordinary
practice. Theoretically, this would
give 73 and 29 bushels per acre, re?
spectively, and it seems, from evi?
dence at hand, that it is borne out in
practice, assuming that each stalk
will produce an ear, and one hundred
ears will shell a bushel of grain.
5. Postponing application of fer?
tilizers until corn is given its second
cultivation. In ordianry practice this
would be about the time corn should
be worked the third time. The stalk
has been checked or "stunted" as de?
sired, and the fertilizer is applied
when the plant needs it for the de?
velopment of the ear.
6. Intentional retardation of early
growth of the stalk until its sizv is re?
duced one-half or one-fourth its nor?
mal development. \
7. Augmented development of the
ear (following retardation in the
stalk development,) by cultivation
and heavy applications of fertilizers
made at appropriate Intervals.
Since by the Williamson plan corn is
planted 4 to 6 inches below the level,
and is laid by 4 to 6 inches above the
level, there is 8 to 12 inches of the
stalk below the soil surface.^ The
stalk roots or brace roots are below
the surface when the crop is laid by,
and probably perform their nutritive
functions better than would be if a
part of them were exposed to the
air.
Amounts of Fertilizer.
Mr. Williamson recommends the
following amounts of fertilizers ap
plied to an acre:
For 50 bushels of corn per acre:
Two hundred pounds of cotton seed
meal, 200 pounds of acid phophate,
400 pounds of kainit, 125 pounds of
i
nitrate of soda, 925 pounds, costing
about $9.
For 100 bushels of corn per acre:
Four hundred pounds of cotton seed
meal, 400 pounds of acid phosphate,
800 pounds of kainit, 300 pounds of
nitrate of soda, 1,900 pounds, coasting
about $19.
The total co*t of fertilizers, culti?
vation, etc., for producing 50 bushels
on one acre would vary from $15 to
$20, and for producing 100 bushels
on one acre from $25 to $30. These
valuations are based on the market
price of the fertilizers (assuming the
arid phosphate to le 14 per cent,
goods) and the average price of labor.
The cost of labor vax*:es in different
A TERRIBLE HOLOCAUST.
A Woman and Two Children Burned
to Death.
Patterson, N. J., Dec. * 22.-Mrs,
Alice McWithey and two little daugh?
ters, Ellen, seven years old, and
Elizabeth', five years old, were burn?
ed to death in a fire which destroyed
their home this morning. The fath?
er, Louis McWithey, works in New
York at night. He returned home
this morning, with Christmas presents
for his little ones, to find the entire
family dead and the house burned to
the ground.
The fire started in the room where
the mother and children were sleep?
ing. Mrs. McWithey awoke and tried
to drag the children through a win?
dow. The flames drove her back, and
escape in^ ther directions being cut
off, they were all burned to death in
their home. McWithey is almost
crazy.
parts of the State and even on adja?
cent farms.
If the cow pea crop grown with the
corn produces one ton of hay? this
crop, if left on and in the ground,
would add to (it about $12 worth of
nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash.
If the cow pea would produce two
tons o:! hay, this crop left on and in
the ground would add $24 worth of
these fertilizer ingredient*. - However,
the vallie of V*e cow pea for^feeding
purposes is double its value for ferti?
lizing purposes. If judiciously fed to
animals triis" hay will have a'feeding
value of . about j$24 per ton, and if ail
the excreta is saved and returned to
the soil between SO and 90 per cent.
($10.20 per ton) of the fertilizing val?
ue of the cow pea hay will be given
back to the land. An ordinary crop
of cow peas may be made to pay the
cost of cultivating the corn, or prob?
ably the,, cost of the fertilizer. A good
crop should pay for both.
Compared With Other Yields.
Considerable effort has heen made
to gather as much comparative data
as possible so as to have Williamson
plan corn yields that" might justly be
compared with yields from the ordi?
nary method. It is highly desir?
able that as far as possible; and with?
out prejudicing either, the two crops
for comparison be grown on the same
character of land and planted at the
same time, and that thc treatment
' and surroundings of each differ in no
[way except as to the peculiar or es
?sen'dall features of difference existing
I between the two plans or methods.
Reports of some three dozen farmers
who have this year given the Wil?
liamson plan a test have been brought
to the notice of the writer. Some of
these were not considered definite
enough for consideration, but twenty
eight reported either a comparison of
yields from cvops grown this yea-.* ly
both plans or gav? yields secured
from the ordinary plan in the past on
the same land. The ^wo lowest
yields reported from the ordinary
methods were seven and ter. bushels
per acre. The two highest yields re?
ported from the same method were
forty-five and fifty bushels per acre.
The two lowest yields reported from
the Williamson plan were twenty-sev?
en and thirty bushels per acre. The
two highest yields reported from the
same plan were one hundred and one
hundred and twenty bushels per acre.
The yields from twenty-eight report
in0- both the ordinary and the Wil?
liamson plan compared gives an aver?
age of 23.25 bushels per acre for the
former and 58.42 bushels per acre for
1 the latter. These twenty-eight show
a remarkable average difference of
33.17 more bushels per acre in favor
of the Williamson plan, an increase of
142 per cent.
It cannot, however, in justice to
either method, be said that these
comparisons indicate tue actual dif?
ference between the Williamson plan
and the ordinary method. Many of.
the reports give the number of bush?
els per acre in round numbers, indi?
cating that the yields were estimated
rather than actually determined. In
a number of cases the yield in 1906
from the Wiliiamson plan was com?
pared with the yield secured from the,
same. ?.and when it was last In corn,
the compared crops not having been
grown the same year. There may be
other sources of. error. On the other
hand, a large majority of farmers who
have tried the Williamson plan now
enthusiastically accept it and it is the
sensation in the communities where
the pian has been consistently follow?
ed. Ii: is hoped that every farmer in
the State will give it a fair and im?
partial trial in 1907.
The president of the Omaha Coal
Exchange has been convicted of vio?
lating the state trust law. His fine
will probably equal the profit on a
ton of coal.-Washington Post.
Boston, Dec. 20.-The "Hub" once
nore has distinguished itself and
maintained its reputation for strict
morality. An American toy,, repre?
senting a drinking man waving a
bottle in the staggering stage of in-;
toxication has been placed under tho.
ban by the police, and street fakers
who have been doing a rushing busi-'
ness selling these toys, have been or?
dered to stop the sale.
The Women's Christian Temper?
ance Union objected to their, sale on.
the grounds that the display is, had
for Boston children.
NEW CONSULAR COURT.
Shanghai, Dec. 20.-Tlie Unite?T
States consular court was opened
here and the occasion was cel?bratela
last night with a banquet by thet.
American association. The new court
is designed to give the long. needed
protection to Americans residing m. ;
China. It will have jurisdiction over
all civilized and. commercial proceed- .
ings in which Americans are concern?
ed.
_U-i
MAKING rr HOr FOR ICE TRUSTS
._1\
New York, Dec. 20.-Attorney Gen
I eral Mayo began suit in the supreme
.court under the Donnelly anti-tru.it
I law to dissolve " the ice trust. Tho
j complaint charges the companies,
with restricting the harvesting of ico
U .Matine, Massachusetts, Pennsylva?
nia and New York. The restriction
enabled the trust to sell ice costing;
$?.90 per ton for $14 a ton.
"Alleged sales in New York show
a profit of 71 tc 84 per cent. The
complaint further alleged that $33,-.
000,000 of the companies* $45,000,
000 capitalization is water.
New York Mecca for Criminals.
There are 10,000 prfessional crimi?
nals at large in New York city to?
day, according to -police estimtesu
Tliey include hank robbers, burglars?,
flat thieves, commercial swindlers*
confidence men, pickpockets andi
shoplifters. " ? is.rg^.-pcrce^^^?^^^
ex-convicts whos? pictures are in
Rogues* Gallery, and who are kno?.
personally to the detectives of thet
central- office. As many as one hun?
dred of these professionals have been
picked in a single night 'by Inspector
McLaughlin's detectives only to bo.
set at liberty in the morning to pur?
sue- their criminal vocations. In other
states, nDtably in Massachusetts ano
New Jersey, they have a law uaderc
which known criminals unable to?,
give an account of themselves may?
be sentenced to sh3rt terms of impris-,
onment is vagrants. The law works _
so well that many Massachusetts and?
i New Jersey crooks have deserted
; their homes and- come to New York..
-New York World.
Marrying Titles
It is estimated that some 5.00
wealthy American women have mar?
ried titled foreigners and that the ag?
gregate of their dowries exceeds
$200,000,000. The m/ost heavily d<rw
ered bride was the Duchare cf Rox
burghe (nee Goelet), with a fortunes
of $40,000,000. The others include*
the Duchess of Marlborough (nee>
Vanderbilt), $10,000,000; the late
Lady Curzon (nee Leiter) $5,0CG,v
000; Countess - Castellane (nee>.
Gould), $15,000,000; Mrs, Vivian.
$12,000,000; Baroness Halkett, $10,
000,000; Lady William Beresford*.;
$3,000,000; Princess Colonna -, (nee:
Mackay), $2.500,000; Countess vom
Larisck, $4,000,000. Thirty Britislt
peers or eldest sons of peers andi
forty-rpjir Englishmen with courtesy
titles ?> baronetcies married Ameri?
can T. ,. .m.-St Louis Post-Dis
patch.
. T.Vor?h More Than Real Coin.
A ;v:i? known photographer who
recently paid int > his bank a sover?
eign which appeared to be much worm
was astonished a short time after?
ward to find its value had been cred?
ited ro him at 21 shillings. It appears
that on reaching the mint the coi?
was discovered to be a clever coun
i "erfeit. made of platinum heavily gild?
ed. _.A.t the time at which it is sup?
posed to have been made it was.
worth about seven and sixpence, but.
at the present price of platinum a sov
eign's weight of that ponderous metal
is worth much more than a sover?
eign's weight of gold.-Amateur Pho?
tographer.
-
PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATION!
' fyi'*
Washington, Dec. 20.-President
Roosevelt sent the following nomina?
tion to the senate yesterday a?te?>
noon:
Envoy extraordinary and minister
plenipotentiary to Guatamala an
Honduras, Jos. W. Lee, of Maryl?