Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Nitrates From Atmosphere. Prof. S. P. Thompson, in an article jwritten for the Scientific American, . declares that "as the demand of the white races for wheat as a foodstuff increases, the acreage devoted to .wheat growing increases, hut at less ?rapid rate; and, being limited by cli? matic conditions, it will, in a few years, perhaps less than 30, be entirely .taken up. Then, as Sir William Crookes pointed out in his presidential address in 1898, there will be a wheat .famine, unless the world's yield an acre-at present about 12.7 bushels an acre on the average-can be raised by the use of fertilizers. Of such ferti? lizers the chief is nitrate of soda, ex? horted from the niter beds in Chile. .The demand for this has risen from ' ?1,000,000 tons in 1892 to 1,543,120 .tons in 1905; and the supply will, at ?the present rate, be exhausted in less Jthan 50 years. Then the only chance ?of averting starvation lies, as Crookes fpointedxout, through the laboratory. "In 1781 Cavendish had observed ?that -nitrogen, which existed in illimit? able quantities in the air, can .be caus? ed to enter into combination with oxy? gen, and later he showed that nitrous fumes could be produced by passing ?electric sparks through air. Al? though this laboratory experiment had ^ ^undoubtedly pointed the way, though .the chemistry of the arc flame had ?been investigated ia 1880 by Dewar, and though Crookes and Lord Ray? leigh had both employed electric dis? charges to causo nitrogen and oxygen ?to enter into combination, no commer? cial process had been found practi? cal for the synthesis of nitrates from ?the air until recently. ? "After referring, in passing, to the tentative processes of Bradley and ?Lovejoy, of Kowalski, of Isaville, and ito the cyanamide and cyanide pro? cesses, attention was directed to the -process of Birkelan-1 and Eyde of Christiania for the fixation of atmos? pheric nitrogen, and their synthetic .production of nitrates, by use of a special electric furnace. In'this fur? nace an alternating electric arc was .produced at between 3,000 and 4,000 v volts, but under special conditions which resulted from the researches of Prof. Birkeland; the arc being formed between the poles of a large electro ' -magnet, which forced it to -take the .form of a roaring disk of flame. Such . a disk of flame was shown in the lec? ture theatre by a model apparatus sent from Christiania. "In the furnaces, as used in Norway, the disk of flame was four feet in .diameter, and was inclosed in a metal envelope lined with fire-brick. Through this furnace air was blown and emerged charged with nitric oxide .fumes. These fumes were collected, allowed time further to oxidize, then absorb in water towers or in quick lime, nitric acid and nitrate of lime .being the products. The research station near Arendel was described, also the factory at Notodden, in the Hitterdal, where electric power to the extent of 1,500 kilowatts was already taken from the Tinnfoss waterfall for 'the production of nitrate of lime. This "product in several forms, including a *basic nitrate, was known as Norwe? gian' saltpeter. Experiment had shown that it was equa-??y good as a 'fertilizer with Chile saltpeter, and the ?lime in it was of special advantage for certain soils. The yield of product in ?th^se furnaces was most satisfactory, and the factory at Notodden, which ,'had been in commercial operation since the spring of 1905, was about to ?be enlarged; the neighboring water? fall of Savelgfos, being now in course ?bf utilization, wTould furnish 23,000 horse power. The Norwegian compa? ny had further projects in hand for .the utilization of three other water tails, including the Rjukanfos, the ?most considerable fall in Telemarken, which would yield over 200,000 horse ?power. According to the statement of ?Prof. Otto Witt, the yield of the ?Birkelan d-Ey de furnaces was over '?500 kiligrams of nitric acid per year ?for every kilowatt of power. The con? ditions in Norway were exceptionally good for the furnishing of power at ex? ceedingly low rates. Hence, the new product could compete with Chiie salt .peter on the market, and would be? come every year more and more valu? able as the demand for nitrates in? creased and the natural supplies be? came exhausted." Beware of Ointments for Catarrh That Contain Mercury, JL9 mercury will surely destroy the sense of smell and completely derange the whole system when entering it through the mucous surfaces, such articles should never be used except on prescriptions from reputable physi? cians, as the damage they will do is ten fold to the good you can possibly derive from them. Hall's Catarrh Cure, manufactured by F. J. Cheney & Co., Toledo, O.. contains no mercury, and is taken internally, acting direct? ly upon the blood and mucous surfaces Of the system. In buying Hall's Ca? tarrh Cure, be sure you get the gen? uine. It is taken internally and made in Toledo, Ohio, by F. J. Cheney & Co. Testimonials free. Sold by all Druggists. Price. 75c. perb ott?e~ Take Hall's Family Pills for consti? pation. 5 18-lm OVERCAST WITH GLOOM. THE TRAGEDY THURSDAY HAS FILLED SPAIN" WITH SORROW. The Ten Days of Rejoicing Will Prob? ably bc Abandoned as the People Have No Hearts for Merry Making. Special to The Daily Item. Madrid, June 1.-This city, which was only yesterday the scene of happy rejoicing in celebration of the wedding of King Alfonso and Princess Ena is today overcast in gloom. This change in feeling was caused by the attemp: on the lives of the young monarchs. | The horror of the dastardly crime and the sorrow caused by the deaths of so many innocent victims has unnerved, the populace. The people have now no heart for entering into the festivities which had been planned for the next ten days, and it is probable the feasts will be cancelled. The Publishers Press correspondent is assured by high police officials that the man who threw the bomb had been arrested and is now confined in the Medidia police station. It is also stated on high authority that the prisoner made a confession that he is the would-be assassin. It is accepted as a fact that King Alfonso and Queen Victoria escaped with their lives yesterday only by an electric wire deflecting the bomb, but at least 16 persons, most of them be? ing of the personal and military escort, and the other spectators, were killed. Many others are injured. The follow? ing are killed: Capt. Barros, commanding part of the king's escort. Lieut. Reysient Lieut Prendergast. Six soldiers. The Marquise cf Colosa. Her daughter. Don Antonio Calvo. His niece, aged 6 years. Jose Sola, 70 years of age. Louise Fonseca. One royal groom, who was leading a horse drawing the coach carrying the king and queen. Several of those killed were standing on the balcony of the' house from which the bomb was thrown. The explosion occurred just as the royal couple were about to enter the palace. The route of the cortege had been diverted from Arsenal street to Mayor street, owing to the popular de? sires. The procession had just passed through Mayor .street and was about to turn into the Esplanade leading to the palace when an explosion shook the buildings in the vicinity, stunning a large number of people and throw? ing the cortege into inextricable con? fusion. ' From the investigation of the police the following facts have been learned of the assassin: He is known variously by names of Mateo, Motan or Manuel Rurau. He engaged the room at 88 Calle Mayor from which the bomb was thrown on May 24th, offering to pay $5 a day for it if its occupant would move out temporarily. After securing it the an? archist refused to let any one enter al? leging that he was indisposed. Yes? terday he ordered a big boquet and in it concealed the bomb which he hurled at the king's carriage. After throwing the missie he step? ped back into the room, quickly changed his hat and escaped in the confusion caused by the act. There was a wild cry of dismay and dread from the crowd as the bomb ex? ploded and they made a rush for the house from which the bomb was thrown. The king himself, white with rage, was one of the first to engage in this attempt to reach the murderer. Soldiers barred his entrance to the house and persuaded him to re-enter the carriage, where the queen was in almost a state of fainting. From the royal carriage to another conveyance the king and queen were compelled to step over pools of blood and the bodies of the dead. It is now known that more than 50 were injured, five ol' whom are in a dying condition. Generay Weyler is a*r.ong those se? riously hurt. It is a very remarkable fact that in four generations three members of one family in different States, have been elected moderators of the Pres? byterian General Assembly, composed of commissioners from all of the Southern States. Rev. James Hall, fa? mous as a preacher and patriot in the revolution. was elected at the first assembly in Philadelphia in 1S03. Dr. Hall of the Theological Seminary, in Co? lumbia, was elected in Jacksonville, Miss., in 1902. and now A. G. Hall, a ruling elder, dean of the law depart? ment of Vanderbilt University, has just been elected at Greenville.-Spar tanburg Journal. CASTOR IA For Infants and Children. The Kind You Have Always Bought Bears the Signature of KNIGHTS AT SU3ITER. Spartanburg Man Praises the "Game Cock City/' It was my good fortune to attend the recent meeting of Grand Lodge Knights of Pythias at Sumter, and I ?rcust say it was an inspiration ail .round. . First, I will speak of the meeting, I was ?never more struck with the ap? pearance cf a body of men. There were, I judge, about four hundred present, not the "Four Hundred" of New York, but the four hundred of South Carolina, and they were not to be easily excelled in individual" ap? pearance. Cultured, intelligent and quiet, manly bearing was the ruie and not the exception among them. And while in the hall the very large num? ber rendering it well nigh imposs? ible for them to mingle together yet when out of it the fraternizing and social intercourse was not to be ex? celled. Hon. B. A. Morgan, of Greenville, was grand cheancellor and proved himself to be the presiding officer that whom I have never seen a bet? ter. Among the attendants was a gov erner and three candidates for gov? ernor in the approaching campaign, viz: Mr. Manning, of Sumter, Hon. M. L. Smith, speaker of the *house. of representatives and Hon. Cole L. Bl ease of Newberry. One of the interesting matters for disposal was the locating of the grand castle hall at a permanent place, but the matter was postponed for another year and it was evident that the locality sentiment was not much in evidence. Game Cock Lodge of Sumter lived up to its name. Upon the assembbling of the body addresses of welcome were delivered by the mayor of the city and Hon. Richard I. Manning, representing the chamber of com? merce and others representing every fraternal order in the city and lastiy by Mr. Haynsworth, chancellor com? mander of Game Cock Lodge. The response was by Hon. B. A. Morgan, G. C. On Tuesday afternoon it was an? nounced that an automobile parade would-be given and when the after? noon adjournment took place about 95 autmobiles ranged in lined and took the visiting knights all to ride over the city. This was a grand sur? prise, for no one expected to see au? tos enough present to do this, but such was the case and the job was well done. It could hardly have been done in any. other city in the State as it is said there are more au? tomobiles in Sumter than in all the. rest of the State combined. On Wedneday afternoon Game Cock Lodge had a chartered train and took the grand lodge in a body out in the country about 5 or 6 miles to a slendid picnic ground and treat? ed the visitors to the greatest fish fry and fish stew it has ever been my fortune to see. Twelve hundred pounds of fish on a table a thousand feet long, bottled drinks of all sorts except whiskey and fried corn bread and bakers' bread by the bushel. The fish was served on tin plates and cof? fee in tin cups, and it was served, too. A rather bashful but hand?sme young man from Clifton lodge sat next to me at table and two men were helping the places and when he held up his tin plate for fish the response was so sudden and so lavish that thir? teen fish tails were helped on it before he could set it down. But there was plenty left. I rather thin'* the cotton crop is likely to be cut short there for there was enough fish and bread left over te' keep all the negroes in the neig borhood busy eating for a while. Well, the universal verdict was that it was a great time all round, and that Game Cock Lodge and the Game Cock City was up to tue limit. The next session will be held in Ander? son. R. F. Peterson, in Spartanburg Jc urnal. *A hacking cough is most annoying. One Minute Cough Cure draws the in? flammation out of the throat, chest and lungs. SoM by all druggists. ROCKEFELLER GOES ABROAD. New York, May 31.-John D. Rock? efeller sailed today for Europe on Hamburg American liner Dutchland. With the oil magnate was his wife and several other members of the family and household. He goes abroad to see his daughter, Mrs. Strong, who is at present in the Revira. They will re? turn about the middle of July. "There is no need worrying along in discomfort because of a disordered di? gestion. Get a bottle of Kodol for dyspepsia, and see what it will do for you. Kodol not only digests what you eat. but is a corrective of the greatest efficiency. Kodol relieves indigestion, dyspepsia, palpitation of the heart, flatulence and sour stomach. Kodol will make your stomach young and healthy again. You will worry just in ;he proportion that your .stomach worries you. Worry means the loss of ability to do your best. Worry is to be avoided at all times. Kodol will take the worry out of your stomach. Sold by all druggists. DEATH OF MICHAEL DAVITT. One of the Most Famous of Recent D'ish Patriots Has Passed Away. Dublin, May 30.-A notable career closed tonight, when, after a long and painful illnesss. Michael Davitt died peacefully and painlessly at 12 o'clock, in the presence of his oldest son, Mich? ael, and his two daughters, who de? votedly attender! bim ihrough hi? ill? ness, and of many of his most intimate friends, including Jo'hn Dillon. Short? ly before his death Father Hatton had been with him! Mrs. Davitt, who had been in cor.stant attendance on her husband untL a few days u$u, when she herself was taken i!i Jies prostrate In the same hospital, io J weak to leave her room. She has not yet been informed of her husband's death. It is stated that Mr. Davitt left a written message, but if so its purport has not transpired. . The greatest sympathy has been dis? played by all classes of society during Mr. Davin's illness. Today the hos? pital was beseiged by anxious in? quirers. After a rally last night Mr. Davitt was able to speak to those at his bedside, but soon showed that he was losing ground. Among the last callers at the hos? pital tonight ?was Lord Hem phill, on behalf of the Earl of Aberdeen, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and the Count? ess of Aberdeen. Mr. Davitt retired,from the repre? sentation of South Mayo in Parliament in 1899, but to the last took a keen in? terest in the politics of his country. Death was due to blood poisoning, which followed two operations for ne caris of the jaw bone, and spread so rapidly that all efforts to stay its course were unavailing. Stimulation Without Irritation. *In case of stomach and liver trouble the proper treatment is to stimulate these organs without irritating them. Orino Laxative. Fruit Syrup aids diges? tion and stimulates the liver and bow? els without irritating these organs like pills or ordinary cathartics. It does not nauseate or gripe and is mild and pleasant to take. Durant's Pharma? cy. Representative Stanley, of Ken? tucky, in "giving instances of how the tobacco trust operates, says the trust controls the output of licorice paste, an essential ingredient in the manu? facture of tobacco. Since obtaining this control the price has been in? creased five hundred per cent. He figures that it has driven 3,000,000 people into bankruptcy. - Raleigh News and Observer. ?Thousands annually bear-witness to the efficiency of Early Risers. These pleasant, reliable little pills have long borne a reputation second to none as a laxative and cathartic. They are as staple as bread in millions of homes. Pleasant but effective. Will promptly relieve constipation without griping. Sold by all druggists. . FOLEY'S KIDNEY CURE WILL CURE YOU of any case of Kidney or Bladder disease that is not beyond the reach of medi? cine. Take it at once. Do not risk having Bright's Dis? ease or Diabetes. There is nothing gained by delay. 50c. and $1.00 Bottles. REFUSE SUBSTITUTES. DURANT'S PHARMACY. Hakes SCicaeys and Bladder Right R. B. BELSER. R. D. EPPS. lim Attorneys and Counsellors a Law Phone 309. SUMTER. S. C. Harby Bldg. KILL,T COUCH AND CURE THE LUNGS W1TH Dr. King's New Discovery /TONSUMPTION Price FOR I OUGHSand 50c & $1.00 V0LDS Free Trial Surest and Quickest Cure for all THROAT and LUNG TROUB? LES, or MONEY BACK. ffrCH ICH ESTER'S ENGLISH ENNYR0YAL PILLS y^-v Original and Only Genuine. ,^,''t\SAFE. Alwa.v? reliable. Ladle?. ?*k Druesiit for CHICHESTER^ ENGLISH KM ia KZD v. : Gold metallic box?, sealed ^Ifcjitf witb blue ribbon. Take no other. Refuto . *V?3 nancerou? "*ub?tltuUon? and Imita (?J tlonn. BUT of your D.-uRgist. or ??^n-i 4c. in Jf Ptnmps for Particulars. Te?t mordais tv ?r. ! .'Relict for Ladle*." tn letter, by re if turn Mail. 10.OOO T>?t!nonial?. So'd by / ?H I)ri;S?Ut.. Chichester Chemical Co., Mtfetlon tali pap?. ?adjaoa Suuaro, PHll.A.. PA? The Kind You Have Always Bought, and which has been in use for over 30 years, has borne the signature or - and has been made under his per tonsil supervision since its infancy?. ^wiafy/, /<z?cJuf? Allow no one to deceive you in this?* All Counterfeits, Imitations and " Just-as-good" are bu? Experiments that trifle with ^>d endanger the health of Infants and Children-Experience against Experiment? What is CASTORIA Castoria is a harmless substitute for Castor Oil, Pare? goric, Drops and Soothing Syrups. It is Pleasant. Ifc contains neither Opium, Morphine nor other Karcotie substance. Its age is its guarantee. It destroys Worms and allays Feverishness. It cures Diarrhoea and Wind. Colic. It relieves Teething Troubles, cures Constipation, and Flatulency. It assimilates the Food, regulates ?he* Stomach and Bowels, giving healthy and natural sleep? The Children's Panacea-The Mother's Friend. GENUINE CASTORIA ALWAYS Bears the Signature of He Kind YOB Haye Always Bought In Use For Over 30 Years. THC CENTAUR COMPANY, \ ?URRA, Y STREET, NEW YOUR CIT?.' JUST RECEIVED^ Another Car Load of HORSES AND MULES. Booth live Stock Ca W. A. BOWMAN, Pres. ABE RYTTENBERG, V. Pres_ P. G. BOWMAN, Sec. & Treas. The Sumter Banking & Mercantile Company, Sumter, S.O. ###$?g#^Capital Stock $50,000^?*^^^ Wholesale Grocers, Fertiliz? ers and Farmers' Supplies. Sole agents for th? celebrated brand of Wil? cox & Gibbs Fertilizers. We are prepared to quote the very closest cash or time prices on all lines of Groceries, Fertilizers and Farmers* Supplies, And invite your investigation before making your arrangements for another year. . Cometo see us. We will save you money* and give you a hearty, courteous welcome. Sumter Banking & Mercantile Company, Masonic Building, 2d door from the Postoffice? Sumter, S. C. WHISKEY I MORPHINE I CIGARETTE I ALL DR?C AND TOBACCO HABIT. I HABIT. | HABIT I HABITS. Cured by Keeley Institute of S. C. 1329 Lady St., (or P.O. Box 75) Columbia, S. C. Confidential correspondence solicited