Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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f MILK SHOULD BE CLEAN. 5SoId Medal Article of a Lee County Boy Indicating Bangers of Impure Milk and How to Avoid Them. Clemson College, March 26.-The Metropolitan and Rural Home for March contains an article on ''Clean Milk,** hy Mr. Charles J. Lemmon, of Lynchburg, S- C., who graduated from Clemson in the agricultural class of 1905. The article, which is repro? duced below, condensed in some places, won the gold medal, which was offered by that publication. Now that dairying proper and the production of milk on the ordinary farm is receiving more and more attention in this State, Mr. Lemmon's excellent article will be read with much interest by many. Milk, with its products, constitutes one of the most important human foods. Almost every individual of our population uses more or leas milk, and often depends largely upon it for sus? tenance, especially babies and invalids. TThe impurities of milk, due to ignor? ance and carelessness, often cause the death of such persons. The value of milk and milk products produced in the United States in the last census year, 1900, Is given by Alvord as $605, 315,354. This is greater than the val? ue of metallic minerals produced in the same year, including pig iron, gold, copper, lead, zinc and other minerals. It is estimated that the amount of milk used as "market milk" (a small part of it condensed) is equivalent to the products of about 7,600,000 cows, the m?k used for butter making equals the product of 9,700,000 and for cheese making 800,000 cows, making a total of 18,100,000 cows in the United States. Prom the above statement of the great importance of milk as a human food, and from the figures showing its vast production, is realized more fully the great necessity for every pro? ducer to know how to put on the mar? ket, and for every farmer to know how to put on his table a clean product. Let us first consider the sources of infection, and then how to eliminate these as far as practicable. The udder is a source of infection, - which is easily understood when we remember that the teat orifice is large enough for the lead of a lead pencil to be inserted. Milk is one of the best media for the development of bacteria. The orifice of the teat is slightly damp and warm, which condition is highly favorable to infection, and the muscles do not offer any resistance to the up? ward progress of as small things as germs. That bacteria come from ah .external source, pass through the milk teat and live within the gland is evi? dent. In one test it has appeared that bacteria may be formed in all parts of the gland. Others show that milk in the upper ducts is sterile; that is, con? tain no bacteria: whereas the lower ducts at the upper portion of the teat, and the teat itself are always full of bacteria. They are, therefore, present in sufficient quantities to contaminate the milk, especially during the first ;part of the milking. It has been shown by a number of ? experiments that the intervals be? tween milkings, whether short or long, j make little or no difference. A fact which seems to indicate that the bac- j teria develop to a certain extent, and ? then are checked 5n their growth by some unknown cause. i We have considered the normal ud- ; der as a source of infection; now let; us consider diseased udders. First let us see how the milk is secreted. It is formed by the activities of the aggre? gation of glands of the udder. The udder is not an excretory organ, and j ^re should not expect poisonous sub? stances of bacteria to be given off to this organ because nature has provid? ed it to furnish food to the animal young. The blood furnishes the udder with nutrition, which enables it to se? crete milk very much like it furnishes nutrition through the umbilical cord to the developing young. When the udder is the seat of the in? fection there is an absolute danger of the milk's being infected by coming in contact with the infectious bacteria that produced the disease. But in such case it would be incorrect to say that the cow secretes contaminated milk, though atvthe point of secretion it is sterile, a fact which has been es? tablished by examining a. number of Udders. Baum, a German bacteriolo? gist, concludes from experiments of his own and ^rom a review of the litera? ture on the subject, that the use of raw milk of cows suffering from tu? berculosis, foot-a nj-mouth oisease, and mammitis, is attended with ab? solute danger; and that milk of cows suffering from lung diseases, or dis? eases of the alimentary tract, and ud? der of cows that have been treated with poisons, especially arsenic, cop? per, iodine, mercury, carbolic acid, morp?ii-?e. belladonna and strychnine ls more or less dangerous and should not be used for food. Prom the moment the milk leaves the milk duct it is subject to a num? ber of sources of contamination. The most important of these is probably the cow herself. In many barns the cow is rarely groomed, and becomes covered with excrement and all sorts of filth, especially upon her flanks. This filth dries upon her skin, and be? ing completely loaded with bacteria, the result is that it becomes a constant source of bacteria in the milk. Every motion that the cow makes and e '? time she switches her tail shower filth, loaded with bacteria, fall f her flanks into the milk pail. Du f the milking, when the body is rut by the milker, and when she is hei undergoing various motions, there constant falling of bacteria into milk by means of the dust, hairs, > which reach the milk. This is mere theory, but a fact which been demonstrated many times. The air has been regarded as on? the fruitful sources of bacteria c ta m i na ti on, but the statement neec slight explanation. The ordinary < of-door air/on a farm does not conl bacteria in very large numbers, an the milking were done out in the o the air would not be a very la source of contamination. A fact wfc has been established by experime: In small barns, where milk is cc monly drawn, the presence of ms cows which are constantly dropp dirt and dust from their skins, of in large quantities, renders the much more likely to be filled with b teria-laden dust. Throwing down 1 and other food creates a dust wh has been found to contain large qu; titles of bacteria. If the milking done while the air is thus laden w dust, large numbers of bacteria n settle on the milk pail. It has b< found by tacterloloical tests that 1 kind an I number of bacteria in m are generally modified by the kinds food and the conditions of feeding The milker may be a serious soui of contamination when he comes contact with a person with a con gious disease. The bacteria'capa! of producing such diseases in mah ? more likely to be associated with t milker than with the cow, and t contamination of the milk during t milking by bacteria from the milke hands and clothing, is, therefore, mc likely to affect the wholesomeness the milk than bacteria from ott sources. The clothing which an or< nary farm hand wears becomes ve much loaded with bacteria, and the are sure to find a way into the mi pail. If his hands are not clean it certain that the friction of the ha: and the teat in the milking will n the bacteria from his hand intp i. ?milk. In considering the milker as source of contamination it should remembered that bacteria from mi are more dangerous to the hum* health than are those from the co^ and this applies not only to the milke but to all those who subsequent handle the milk. A further source of contaminatic is the vessel into which the milk drawn. Under ordinary farm cond tions it is practically impossible 1 wash the milk-vessels bacteriol?gica ly clean. The most thorough washir .that may be given to them in hot wi ter is insufficient to thoroughly was out or kill out all the bacteria. Aft? such a washing many bacteria will n main in the vessel attached to th walls, and, ' though dry.ng betwee milkings, they are not at all injuree and are ready to begin >o feed, t grow and to multiply as soon as th milk pail is filled again. Flies falling into the milk from th time of milking to the time of servin on the table may be a source of In fection, especially when there is ex posed source of typhoid germs around or when there are any animals upoi the premises with infectious diseases Bedding may also be a source of dis ease germs for the milk. I have pointed out the most com mon sources of contamination in milk Now I shall endeavor to suggest th most practical means of eliminating the sources of contamination. The normal udder is a source o contamination, which may be great!: lessened by refusing the first fev streams of milk. The milk from any cow with a dis? eased udder should be at once con? demned. The milk from any cow witt a suppurating sore should be con? demned and the cow isolated until ?ured. The symptoms of a tubercu? losis udder are very difficult to recog? nize; so it is best for the dairyman tc have his herd tested by some veter? inarian as a preventive measure. The cow sh ou:.i tc well groome il. v. here sh^ is not to be milked. Then the udder should be r^.onged with wa? ter and dried enough to prevent drip? ping. >. over brush the udder with a duster inst before ?niiVr.g, as the djs: set free is bour-j to settle in the milk paii. The condition ct the air is a matter the ^.j/crtancp of whioh is not fally realized. Haechci 01 tb? Nebraska .-talion, alter a n-jnibr-r ?f bacteriolo? gical tests, concluded that milking out of doors or in pasture gives better re suits than in clean barns even under the bes^ conditions. This is a fact which every small farmer should ap? preciate, for if he keeps only one or two cows for personal use, and is not able to provide a suitable barn, he can at least have a clean, grassy spot of ground to milk on. During milking every precaution should be taken not to raise dust in any way by feeding hay or otherwise. The practice of the ordinary farm hand coming in from the work and milking, with his clothes loaded with bacteria, which find their way into the milk, is filthy. He should be provided with a white suit, costing less than a dollar, and this should be frequently washed. Special care should be taken to have the hands and arms clean, and to exclude from the milking any person with contagious disease. Milk vessels should have few seams, ; and these should be flushed with sol j der. The milk pail should be partly ! closed to lessen the exposure of falling ! germs. All vessels should be well j washed and, ii possible, treated with live steam for at least ten minutes. Where steam is not available, they should be washed in lukewarm water with an alkali like sal soda, then scalded, and turned upside down on a shelf exposed to sunlight, and allowed to stand until used again. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Of the City Democratic Club Eelected Last Week. From The Daily Item Auril 4. The mass meeting of citizens for the purpose of electing the City Demo? cratic Executive Committee in the court house at 8:30 o'clock last night was poorly attended. It is surprising to note the lack of interest manifested in such events. An election was, nev? ertheless, held, which resulted as fol? lows: From the City at Large-Major Ma? rion Moise. From Ward 1-E. C. Haynsworth and Edgar Skinner. From Ward 2.-J. H. Clifton and L. D. Jennings. From Ward 3-C. M. Hurst and H. A Moses. From Ward 4-E. H. Rhame and J. W. Mciver. The matter of representation in the city council by wards was introduced by Mr. Hugh C. Haynsworth. It was suggested by him that it would be wise for Sumter to adopt the plan foK lowed by Greenville, that of. having council composed of an equal number of members from each ward to be voted for by the city at large. This plan would prevent ward politics from entering into the primary. The matter was considered of such great moment that it was deemed ex? pedient to wait for a larger meeting before any definite step in inaugurat iny any departure from the beaten path. A meeting was accordingly called for April i7th at 8:30 o'clock. If the court is then sitting at that time the meeting will be held ir! the opera house. m j Roster cf Court-Spring Term. The Sumter Bar Association met at the office of M. Reynolds. Esq., under the call of Chairman R. D. Lee, Esq.. 2-nd prepared the following roster of cases to be tried at the (April) spring term of court: Monday, April 16. 1. McDaniel, administratrix, vs. A. C. L. railroad. Lee & Moise for plain? tiff; Willcox, M. Reynolds and Cooper & Fraser for defendant. 6. Walker, vs. A. C. L. railroad. M. J. Frederick for plaintiff; Willcox, M. Reynolds for defendant. 13. Evans vs. Baptist church. C. T. Haskell, A. B. Stuckey, D. W. Robin? son for plaintiff; Lee & Moise for de j fendant. ! 14. Montgomery vs. Sumter county. J. H. Clifton for plaintiff; L. D. Jen? nings for defendant. 15. Davis vs. Wilder. J. H. Clifton j for plaintiff; L. D. Jennings for de ! fendant. Tuesday, April 17. 19. Sumter Dry Goods Co. vs. Sum? ter Transfer Co. Lee & Moise for plaintiff; Jennings for defendant. 20. Sumter Dry Goods Co. vs. Southern Railway Co. Lee-& Moise for plaintiff; Thompson and C. L. Cut tino for defendant., 22. Shaw & McCollum Mercantile Co. vs. Sumter Transfer Co. M. Rey? nolds for plaintiff; Lee & Moise for de? fendant. Wednesday, April 18. 21. Williams & Watts vs. Harby & Co., and A. D. Harby. Jennings & Manning for plaintiff; Lee & Moise for defendant. 23. Pittsburg Plate Glass Co. vs. D. G. Zeigler. M. Reynolds for plaintiff; Jennings & Manning for defendant. Thursday. April 19. 24. J. Witherspoon Cooper vs. A. C. L. Railroad Co. Lee & Moise for plaintiff; Willcox and M. Reynolds for plaintiff. 23. John Franklin vs. A. C. L. Rail? road Co. Lee & Moise for plaintiff; Willcox and M. Reynolds for defend? ant. Friday, April ZO. 26. Saunders vs. Southern Railway i Co. Let- & Moise for plaintiff; B. L. j Abney. Thompson, C. L. Cuttino foi ? defendant. i'T. Jno. H. Sizer vs. B. E. Seymour and Ada Seymour L. D. Jennings for I plaintiff; H. L. B. Wells for defend ant. -S. W. A. Bowman vs. Phoenix In- : surance Co. Lee & Moise for plaintiff; Miller and Whaley and Fraser for de? fendant. 29. W. A. Bowman vs. Liverpool & London & Globe Insurance Co. Lee & Moise for plaintiff; Miller & Whaley and Fraser for defendant. 30. Ossie Rivers vs. Western Union Telegraph Co. Jennings & Manning for plaintiff Willcox and M. Reynolds for defendant. Monday, April 23. 31. Sumter Banking & Mercantile Co., vs. Wells & Edens. Haynsworth & Haynsworth for plaintiff; J. H. Clifton for defendant. 32. A. M. Conyers vs. St. Mark's church. D. D. Moise for plaintiff; H. D. Moise for defendant. Tuesday, April 24. 33. Hunter vs. D. W. Alderman Sons Co. Jennings & Manning for plaintiff; Wilson & Durant and Lee & Moise for defendant. 34. DuBose vs. A. C. L. Railroad Co. L. D. Jennings and D D. Moise for plaintiff; P. A. Willcox and M. Reynolds for defendant. 35. Hampton Watts vs. A. C. L. Railroad Co. L. D. Jennings for plain? tiff; Willcox and M. Reynolds for de? fendant. 36. G. M. Wingate vs. North? western Railway: L. D. Jennings for plaintiff; Lee & Moise for defendant. 37. J. H. Scarborough vs. J. M. Woodley. Jennings for plaintiff; Lee & Moise for defendant. Wednesday, April 25. 38. A. S. Lee & Son vs. H. L. B. Wells & Co. R. J. Bland for plain? tiff;. H. L. B. Wells for defendant. 39. A. D. Harby vs. A. C. L. Rail? road Co.- iLee & Moise for plaintiff; Willcox and M. Reynolds for defend? ant. No. 40. N. F. Shiver vs. Ebenezer Wells, Elisha Carson and Vinson. M. Reynolds for plaintiff; H. D. Moise for defendant. Thursday, April 26. 41. Olivia Ingram vs. Southern Railway Co. Wilson & Durant and Jennings for plaintiff; Abney. Thomp? son and C. L. Cuttino for defendant. 42. Thomas McBride vs. Southern Railway Co. Jennings for plaintiff; Ab? ney, Thompson and Cuttino for de? fendant. 43. Caroline Broun vs. Southern Railway Co. Jennings for plaintiff; Ab? ney, Thompson and Cuttino for de? fendant. 44. H. S. Kolb vs. Southern Railway Co. A. B. Stuckey for plaintiff; Abney Thompson and Cuttino for defendant. Friday, April 27. 46. P. F. Jones vs. H. T. Edens. Jennings & Manning for plaintiff; J. H. Clifton for defendant. 47. Troubiefield vs. Hopkins. Jen? nings for plaintiff; Lee & Moise for defendant. 48. J. T. Burkett vs. A. C. L. Rail? road Co. ! Lee & Moise for plaintiff; Willcox and Reynolds for defendant. "Resolved, That no cause shall lose its position on the Calendar by reason of the same not being reach? ed and called for trial on the, day as? signed, but such cause shall stand in , regular order to be called for trial when the same is reached in due course." A Luckv Post mistress * Ts Mrs. Alexander, of Carey, Me., who has found Dr. Xing'<. New Life Pills to be the best remedy she ever tr:cd for keeping the stomach, liver arid bowels in perfect order. You'll agree with her if you try theso pain- ? Uss purifiers that infuse new life. J Guaranteed by Sibert's D>ug Store ! Price 25c. The rumor current a few weeks ago that the Sumter Telephone Company would sell" out the local exchange to the Bell Company has not yet mate? rialized. ?If you ever bought a box of witch hazel salve that failed to give satisfac? tion the chances are it did not have the name "E. C. DeWitt & Co." print? ed on the wrapper and pressed in the box. The original Dewitt's Witch Ha? zel Salve never fails to give satisfac? tion for burns, sores, boils, tetter, cracked hands, etc. For blind, bleed? ing, itching and protruding piles it af? fords almost immediate relief. It stops the pain. Sold by all druggists. The hotel business in Sumter seems to be changing hands as rapidly and frequently as desirable real estate. Grip Quickly Knocked Out. ?"Some weeks ago during the severe winter weather both my wife and my? self contracted severe colds which speedily developed into the worst kind of la grippe with all its miserable symptoms," says Mr. J. S. Egleston of Maple Landing. Iowa. "Knees and joints aching, muscles sore, head stop? ped up, eyes and nose running, with j alternate spells of chills and fever. We ! began using Chamberlain's Cough Remedy, aiding the same with a dou- i ble dose of Chamberlain's Stomach and Liver Tablets, and by its liberal ! use soon completely knocked out the grip." Sold by all druggists. The Beck Fros* Company, of Sum ter. has increased its capital from $13.000 to $50.000. A charter was is? sued Wednesday to the Cash Dry Goods Company of Sumter. The capi? tal stock is placed at $5,000. FRECKLES AND PIMPLES REMOVED In Ten Days. Nadiaola The Complexion Beautifier is en? dorsed by thousands of grateful ladies, and guaranteed to remove all facial discolora? tions and restore the beauty of youth. Thc worst cases in twenty days. 50c. and $1.00 at all leading drug stcres, or by mail. Prepared by NATIONAL TOILET CO.. ? Paris, Tenn. S a renovator of soil and as a food for stock, the cow pea is unsurpassed. To get the larg? est possible yield of cow peas from any given soil, a plentiful applica? tion of POTASH is necessary. The best methods leading to certain success are fully explained in the 65-page illustrated book, which we send free to fanners who write for it. It tells of the remarkable results attained with cow peas nourished upon POTASH. A?dreso, OEB?1AK SALI WORKS. Ttttw Tor*-63 Nassau ?troet. ?- Af K- e "~ -22 s So. Broad street N. Q. Osteem, Jr., Dentist, -18 West Liberty Street, Over Sumter Book Store. Hours : 8.30 to 1: 2 to 6. OFFICE PHONE 30. HOUSE PHONE 382. AN ADVERTISEMENT PLACED IN THE ADVERTISING COLUMNS OF THE DAILY ITEM WILL BRD?G RESULST. DEVO The Paint that covers and wears-and is therefore the cheapest. The whitest, white PAINT made. Strictly Pure Lead and Zinc and Pure Linseed Oil. Ten lo twenty per cent, cheaper than other paint and STRICTLY GUARANTEED. Half a million dollars behind this guarant?e. Buy soine cor your next job and be convinced forever. ? The weight per rod and size of wire must be taken into consideration ; also the CONSIRUC tion of the FENCE. Heavy wires and the best galvanizing are always used on the AMERICAN, and the quan? tity already in service on farms is good evi? dence of its merit. The HINGE JOINT on the American allows for CONTRACTION and EXPANSION, to with? stand sudden and severe pressure from contact with animals, without bendings stays, the fence springing back to place the instant pressure is removed. The most secure, lasting fence is the AMER? ICAN. Sold by Account United Confederate Veterans' Reun? ion, Ap il 25th-?7th, 1908. The Southern Railway will sei: tickets to Kew Orleans, LaM and return ar extremely low rat*-s from prominent pi. hrs (a few of which are named below) ss fo 1 ws : Barnwell, Camden, Charleston, Columbia, ?14 05 ?Chester, 15 35 15 75 14 70 Rock Hill, Orangeburg. Yi >rk ville. 514 70 lo 15 14 75 14 55 Equally Hw rates from other points. Tickets will he cn sale April 22nd, 23rd and 24th, limited good to ?eturn Apiil 30.h. By depositing tickets with Special A?:ent in New Orleans, ai o upon payment of the sum of fifty cents, au extension oNimk to M**> 21st will be granted. For the accommodation of the delegates from South Caro? lina, the Southern Railway wH ot erate u-rough cars from Co? lumbia, S.C., leaving April 23H at 7 00 a. m. and arrive at New Orleans next morning at 7:15 a. tu. For full information apply to any Southern Railway Ticket Agent, or W. E. McGee, R W. Hunt, Brooks Morgan, Trav Pass. A gt, Div. Pass. Agt, Asst. Gen. Pass^Agt. Augusta, Ga., Charleston, 55. C., Atlanta, Ga.