The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, April 26, 1905, Image 3
THE BIGHT IO LABOR.
TEX HOUR LAW IS NULL AND
von).
New York Statute Turned Down
by the Supreme Court-An Im?
portant Decision.
Washington, April 17.-In an opin?
ion by Justice Peckham, the supreme
court of the United States today held
to be unconstitutional "the New York
State law making ten hours ajay's
work and 60 hours a week's work in
oakeries in that State. Justices Har?
lan, White, Day and Holmes dissented,
and Justice Harlan declared that no
more important decision had been
rendered in the last century.
The opinion was handed down in
the case of Lockner vs. the State of
fe New York and was based on the
ground that the Jaw interfered with
the free exercise ?f the rights of con
t^sxjt between individuals. The court
of . appeals of the State upheld the
law and affirmed the judment of the
v trial court holding Lockner guilty.
^Judge Parker wrote the opinion of the
New York court of appeals support?
ing the law and the court divided four
to three on the question of validity.
Lockner is a baker who was found
guilty of permitting ari employ? to
work in his bakery more than 60
ours in a week.
Justice Peckham said that the law
is not an act merely fixing the num?
ber of hours which shall constitute a
legal day's work, "but an absolute
prohibition on? the employer permit?
ting under any circumstances more
.than ten hours work to done in his
festablishment
He continued:
"It necessarily interfered with the
right of contract between the employ?
er and employes, concerning the num?
ber of hours in which the latter may
labor in the bakery of the employer.
&The general right to make a contract
in relation to business is part of the,
liberty of the individual protected by
the fourteenth amendment of the fed?
eral constitution. Under that provis?
ion no State can deprive any person
kof life, liberty or property without due
" process of law. 1 The right to purchase
or to sell labor is part of the liberty
. protected by this amendment unless
there are circumstances which exclude
the right." The justice referred to the
exception coming under the head of
the police powers of the State and af
^ter considering that point at length
concluded that the present case did
not fall within the police power.
"The question whether this act is
valid as a la^or law, pure and simple,
may," he said, "be dismissed in a few
words. There is no reasonable ground
^for interfering with the liberty of
^person or the right of free contract by
determining the hours of labor in the
occupation of a baker. Bakers are in
no sense wards of the State. Viewed*
in the light of a purely labor law with
no reference whatever to the question
?.of health, we think that a' law like
* the one before us involves neither the
. safety, the morals nor the welfare of
the public and that the interest of the
public is not in the slightest degree af?
fected by such an act. It is a ques?
tion of which of two powers or rights
shall prevail-the power of the State
to legislate or the right of the indi?
vidual to liberty of person and free?
dom of contract, We think the limit
of the police power has been reached
and passed in this case/'
i The Right Name is DeWitt
Dewitt's Witch Hazel Salve coolr,
soothes and heals cots, burns, boil*, brui=e?,
piles and all skin diseases. EL E. Zicfee
foose, Adolph, W. Va.. says: "My little
daughter had white-" ailing so bad that
pieces of boee vor? Jost of her leg. De?
witt's Witch Ha*p' ? 3 Ive cured her." It is
the moe-t wonderfu healing salve in the
. world. Beware cf counterfeits. Sold by all
druggists.
Paris, April 21.-The French min?
ister at Tokio has assured the Japa?
nese government of France's neutral?
ity.
SEEKING A LOCATION.
Alabama Iron Works Wants Informa
tion From Chamber of Commerce.
The Peacock Iron Works, of Selma,
Ala., is desirous of finding a new loca?
tion for its iron works. They have
been in correspondence with Secretary
Reardon of the Chamber of Com?
merce. Last Friday the secretary
received a list of questions for infor?
mation, among which are the follow?
ing:
"Are you willing io erect nine fire
proof buildings 100x200 feet for car
wheel foundry, soft foundry, carpen?
ter shop, machine shop, blacksmith
shop, engine and boiler room, erect?
ing shop, pattern shop, office, supply
and material building, all of which
we calculate will take between 20 and
25 acres for buildings and switch
yards, tracks, lumber yards, coal and
coke, pig iron, bar iron, sand bins and
room for foundry flasks, tools, form?
ers, etc.
"Are you willing to pay transporta?
tion on all machinery, tools, supplies,
etc., that we will move from here?
. "Are you willingto pay transporta?
tion of all employes and families that
we will move from this point to work
for us permanently?
"What is your water supply? If city,
give cost of 10,000 gallons per day for
manufacturing purposes.
"How many railroads have ytu?
Give name of each and division.
"Freight rate on pig iron, charcoal
pig iron, steam coal, domestic coal,
'72 hour foundry coke.'
"Can artesian wells be bored, and at
what depth 'and cost?
. "Are dwelling houses for mechan?
ics and* other employes easy to get,
and are rents high?
"l? your city a healthy location.
What is your death rate?
"What are your freight rates from
your^city on car wheels, trucks and
axles to New York, Norfolk, Charles?
ton, Savannah, Jacksonville, Pensaco?
la, Mobile, New Orleans, Galveston.
El Paso, Texas, St. Louis, Mo., Mem?
phis, Birmingham, Cincinnati and
Chattanooga?
"What is your population. 'What is
your state, city and county tax rate?
"How many banks have' you, and
are they liberal to. manufacturers in
handling custfmers' paper where we
have to sell on time?
"What is the usual rate of discount?
"Are there are other iron works in
the same business as we are?
"Have you any agricultural pur?
suits arotind your city and what pro?
ducts?
"Our pay roll is nearly $40,000 an?
nually and our sales amount to from
$150,000 to $200,000 annually."
The above information and much
more, not printed, which is asked for
shows the necessity for compiled in?
formation which the Chamber of
Commerce keeps on hand in printed
form.
How-s This?
We offer One Hundred Dollars Re?
ward for any case of Catarrh that
cannot be cured by Hall's Catarrh
Cure.
We, the undersigned, have known F.
J. Cheney for the last 15 years, and
believe him perfectly honorable in all
business transactions, and financially
able to carry out any obligations made
ty his firm.
Wal ding, Kinnan & Marvin,
Wholesale Druggists. Toledo, O.
Hall's Catarrh Cure is taken inter?
nally, acting directly upon the blood
and mucous surfaces of the system.
Testimonials sent free. Price, 75c.
per bottle. Sold by all Druggists.
Take Hall's Family Pills for con?
stipation. -
April 18-lm
Mrs. McLean Elected President.
m
Washington, April 20.-Mrs. Donald
McLean, regent of New York City
chapter of the Daughters of the A meri
can Revolution, today was elected
president general of the national
society, D. A. R.
(Say Plainly to. Yow Grocer
feat you want LION COFFEE always, and he,
being a square man, will not try to seU you any- 1
thing else. You may not care for our opinion, but |
What About the United Judgment of Millions |
S, of housekeepers who have used LION COFFEE |
for over a quarter of a century ?
? J Is there any stronger pr^of of merit, than the
I Confidence of the People
Wvki and ever Increasing popularity?
fS0- ^IM. U0N COFFEE *** carefully se
M lected at the plantation, snipped
j I Jffl?w?s^- direct to our various factories,
Umki *$?^????^ where it is skillfully roasted and
YffK iS\^^K^^^v^. carefully packed in sealed pack
? ' ?r J?/A'^^^^^^^? ages-unlike loose cotice, which
\??IW*^^^^^^^^M 15 exposed to germs, dust, in.
^K^^P^j^r sects, etc. LION COFFEE reaches
^^&3&?&l{[f?J^C y?u ^ ***** c*can as when
? fi* IcK the factory. Sold only in
* i ?. packages.
Lion-head on every package.
! j Save these Lion-heads for valuable premiums. I
SOLD BY GROCERS EVERYWHERE I
? I WOOLSOH SPICE CO., Toledo, Ohio. 1
_- - - - S
The-Cotton Acreage.
j Conservative estimates from the
best informed sources, based on the
i output of the mills so far, the num?
ber of spindles, existing contracts and
the known, and the prospective de?
mand, place the world's consumption
of cotton this year at approximately
12,000,000 bales; there are close ob?
servers and calculators, however, who
believe that the mills will not "work
up" as much as 11,000,000 bales even.
The American crop from which the
spinners have drawn and must con?
tinue to draw their supply is now set
at 13,500,000 bales. This means that
there is the strongest probability that
the old crop will still be awaiting
when the crop of 19U5-6 begins to
come forward iully 1,500,000 bales of
manufacturo. Xs there any wonder,
then that the topic uppremost in the
mind of thc South today is the neces?
sity for a sma.-i crop from this sea?
son's planting, or that "reduc-'i acre?
age" is an argument down there that
possess almost the incentive and the
potency of a battle cry? "Five-cent
cotton," with all its commercial de?
pression and other attendant evils, is
till too fresh in the minds of the
southern people for them to crave a
repetition of it.
And a price for the staple danger?
ously near that point is what will al?
most inevitably happen if only an av?
erage crop for 1905-6 were to be piled
onto .a carry-over of 1,500,000 bales.
The advice of the growers' associa?
tion organized at New Orleans last
winte^ was an acreage curtailment of
25 per cent for this season. There is
a very general disposition among the
planters to follow it and, as weather
conditions this spring are making the
planting season backward, the situa?
tion is being taken advantage of to
preach reduced acreage from every
paltform and house-top and in some
instances from the pulpit, even. It
is emphatically "a condition and not
a theory that confronts the southern
cotton industry this year, and upon in?
telligent concert of action in keeping
the size of the crop down depends the
stability and the prosperity of many
another industry m the United States
during the next year and a half, "?v
ery cotton manufacturing centre and
the jobbing trade generally are es?
pecially interested in preventing a
crop whose size would mean not a
profit but a loss to the planters.
The crop of 1904-5 was raised from
a planted area of 31,730,371 acres. The
proposed reduction for this season
would bring the acreage down to ap?
proximately 24,000,000; but unless
every planter feels himself under a
personal obligation to cut his cotton
fields fully 25 per cent, the aggregate
acreage will far exceed that figure.
And even with an acreage of only 24,
000,000, favorable weather and other
conditions might not reduce the crop
anything like 25 per cent; hence the
additional advice of the planters that
they cut down the volume of fertilizers
commonly used. That a low acreage
does not necessarily mean a "short
crop" may be seen from the following
comparisons:
The largest crop, except one-the
present-in the last eight years was
that of 1898-9-11,256,000 balesv rais?
ed from 24,967,000 acres; the next
season, with an acreage of 23,521,000
-a reduction of only 5.8 per cent
the crop fell to 9,422,000 bales or
more than 16 per cent; in. 1897-8 the
acreage was 24,319,590 and the crop
11,216,000 bales; in 1900-01 the acre?
age 25,557,180, the crop 10,339,000
bales; but in 1903-04, with an acreage
of almost 29,000,000 the crop was only
10,002,000 bales, or less by 337,000
bales than that from a 25,557,000
acreage. A 25 per cent reduction
from the present one in the crop of
1905-06 would mean a product of
about 10,125,000 bales; but, as the
foregoing statistics show, the acreage
now proposed has in the past eight
years produced two crops in excess
of 11,000,000 bales each. So the
product peracre must be kept down
as well as the acreage.
It would be unwise of course, as a
permanent policy for the South to
scheme to keep the price of cotton al?
ways high by cutting the accreage and
reducing the per acre product, for its
tendency would be to to check the ex?
pansion of a vastly important industry
and it would ultimately lead to the in?
creased cultivation of cotton in India,
Africa and other countries in order
to meet the world's demand-and thus
the South's "king" might some day be
dethroned. But jut now, this policy
is a sound one, for a "bumper" cot?
ton crop on top of a carry-over of
1.500.000 bales this year would mean
disaster.-New York Commercial.
Congressman Aiken has secured the
appointment of Dr. J. E. Wright of
Honea Path as physician to the Indians
at Phoenix, Ariz., at a salary of $1,200
a year.
Cheated Death.
Kidney trouble often ends fatally, but
by choosing the right medicine, E. H.
Wolfe, of Bear Grove, Iowa, cheated death.
He says: "Two y ears ago I had Kidney
Trouble, which caused me great pain, suf?
fering and anxiety, but I took Electric Bit?
ters, which effected a complete cure. I
have also found them of great benefit in
general debility and nerve trouble, and
kept them constantly on hand, since, as I
find they have no equal." J. F. W.
DeLonne, druggist, guarantees them at
60c.
* DIL MILL MEN'S VIEW.
MILL MEX ESTIMATE ACREAGE !
REDUCTION.
Average Decrease oir From 10 to 20
Per Cent, in Planting Observed by
Cotton Seed Crushers.
The Mauufarturers' Record this
weeks says:
"Figures of the 'lotal cotton seed
crush in the South during the season
now closing are not available, but
letters from the cotton seed oil mills
filling three or four pages reveal rath?
er an unsatisfactory situation from the
mill standpoint s.nd incidentally
brings out quite a number of interest?
ing points about the cotton crop of
1904-5 and the prospect of the com?
ing crop.
"In the first place, many of the mills
did nto receive as much "seed in the
aggregate as they might have expect?
ed. The extraordinary yield of lint cot?
ton had much to do with a decrease in
the size and weight of the seed. The
amount of lint in some cases went as
high as 40 pounds or more to the 100
pounds of seed cotton, and it is believ?
ed averaged frequently from 36 to 38
pounds, whereas the average is usually
33 1-3 pounds. One establishment, for
instance, handling more than 2,000
bales not infrequently got a 500-pound
bale of lint from 1,350 pounds of seed
cotton, showing a falling off in the
yeld of seed per bale of about 150
pounds. This falling off'accounts in
part for the small quantity of linters
in comparison with the large ginning
reported, though another influence
was the fact that there was reduction
in the quantity of saed moved to the
mills for crushing, the farmers prefer?
ring to use the seed for cattle feed or
to fertilizo grain and vegetables, rath?
er than to sell at the low prices which
were offered after the fall in the, price
of the lint was accompanied by a fall
in the price of ?lt At one pointdn In?
dian Territory it was noted that the
falling off was from 35 to 5-0 per cent,
of the total seed produced.
"While this unprecedented yield of
lint left some seed short of oil, so that
instead of 41 or 42 gallons to the ton
of seed, only about '3S gallons were
obtained, the average amount of oil
was obtained from other seed in spite
of the fact that the yield of seed from
seed cotton was but 6 0. per cent of the
total weight, whereas it is usually 67
per cent. The actual yield of oil per
ton of seed was about the same as
usual, or was smaller or greater in dif?
ferent localities and sections. The
yield seems to have been about the
same or better in Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, South Carolina and North
Carolina, though in Georgia where one
mill obtained 1 1-2 ga.llons more of oil
to the ton because of improved meth?
ods of handling rather than* cndition
of seed, and another had a better
crush than for fourteen years past, a
third found the seed unusually dry
and had to use water in cooking the
meats, and a fourth attributed the bet?
terment to the fact that it had been
obliged to use damaged seed in the
preceding season and while some mills
in Mississippi found the seeds richer
in oil by three gallons to the ton than
for the past five years, others reported
a yield of one or two gallons less per
ton, with one North Carolina mill
tracing the good yield to improved fa?
cilities for crusheing. The shortage
in yield ranged from three to five gal?
lons per ton in the Indian Territory,
to two to five gallons per ton in Texas,
and the shortage is accounted for by
the dry and hot summer making small
and shrivelled seeds, or to the prema?
ture opening of young bolls in Arkan?
sas, by damage of the seed by rain in
the gathering season in Louisiana, by
the dry spring and wet summer pre?
venting the proper maturing of seed
in South Carolina, by the dry and
small seed in North Carolina, by the'
full ripening of the seed in Georgia,
by a faulty seed due to the dry season
in the Indian Territory by the punct?
ure of the seed, by the boll weevil in
Texas, or by the very hot and dry
weather in August, causing too early
maturity of the seed in Texas. It is
interesting to note that at several
points machinery of recent make and
best quality kept up the average of
production or increased it.
"The oil mills generally note the
prospect of a reduction :.n acreage, va?
rying by states and by different local?
ities in the several states typed as
follows:
"Alabama-From 5 to 7 1-2 per.
cent, where cotton is thought to be the
only possible crop; from 20 to 25 per
cent., fruit growing, oats and wheat
taking the place.
"Arkansas-From 10 io 20 per cent,
the tendency to reduction being in?
creased by the fact that the farmers
who were lured by the expectation of
high prices for cotton did not raise
enough forage and are paying prices
for corn and hay to make the coming
crop too high for 7-cent cotton to be
profitable.
"Flordia-Many growers are negro
tenants and the advancing merchants
are insisting that these shall plant all
the cotton they can work.
"Georgia-From 5 to 25 per cent.,
with separate estimates of 10, 18 and
20 per cent, with mord attention to
corn and other grain ancl live stock.
"Indian Territory-From 10 to 20
per cent.; about 55 per cent.
i_ll For infants and Children..
PlS^^Bl^8 ^ ^ou Hav8
B?MBBH Always Bough!
?| Vegetable Prepacationfor As-, m M
i ? sibilating Uie Food andReg ula- m , #
! j ?ngfeeStoiiiacteandBowelsor [ || JjearS tile ^ t
--==-~ I ^giipiare /?u
j Promotes Digeslion.Cheerfur- ? ^ ?/ l?^
j; ness and Rest.Contains neither I Ar ^ JffF
j: Opium,Morpliine norMuieral. I Ol #i\ \k#
j >TOTNARCOTIC 1 ?Wir*
I^ofOUBrS?MUELPITCHER M I \#V^
Pump/an Seed-" v 1 W \
JlxSvina * j ?
RoduUe Salis- j 4U 1 .%
Anise Seed *? I BE A |T^? %
fi&ent?it - ) M li ? ll 1 ? -
B?XciimaitSi^a-f ? M ll 1 fl F
?&w?f??- 1 m ll &/1
j AperfectRemedy'fcf Constipa- I I \| ff U?U
Hon,SourStoiaach,Diarrhoea iii I l|y
Worms .Convulsions,Feverish- Jj I ? f ?? fl BI AP
ness and Loss OF SLEEP. ? Abiir I OT UVul
FacSin?le Signature of
_?J| Thirty Years
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-.--.-?.?- r^MPHfiY. NCW YORK CTY.
WHISKEY j MORPHINE I CIGARETTE j ALL DRUC ANO TOBACCO
HABIT. I HABIT. '] # HABIT. | , HABITS.
Cured by Keeley Institute of S. O.
1329 Lady St, (or P.O. Box 75) Columbia, S. C. Confidential correspondence solicited
AWNINGS! AWNINGS ! !
Adjustable and Movable to fit any window from 30 to 48 inches
wide. They come in Tan, Brown and Blue. We also make
any style awning for your place of business or residency.
The kind that SAVES
ICE and is EASY ;to
Clean.
Blizzard Ice Cream Freezers, ^Garden Hose,
Sprinklers and Lawn Mowers.
DEVOE AND HAMMAR PAINT,
And Atlantic Lead. Liquid Vanier Makes old Furniture NEW.
Elwood Field Fence and Poultry Netting,
THE DURANT HARDWARE CO.
"Louisiana-From 15 to 25 per cer
the largest decrease being made in th
sugar regions where cotton grower
will go back to cane. >
"Mississippi-From 10 to 20 pe
cent, with a special estimate of 16 2
per cent, accompanied bj a substitu
tion of farm products, the genera
statement being made that the reduc
tion in the hill country will be largel;
balanced by the increase in the Delta
"North Carolina-From 15 to 20 pe
cent.; about 20 per cent.; about 25 pe
cent.
"South Carolina-From 10 to 12 1-:
to 15 and 25 per cent, the suggestioi
being made that the reduction ii
acreage will be offset by more libera
use of fertilizer.
"Texas-About 10 per cent, thougl
reduction would have been greatei
had the season been favorable to corr
planting; boll weevil has been reduc?
ing acreage for two or three years anc
growers have gone into rice planting;
new land coming under cultivation
will increase acreage; form 15 too 20
per cent, with more potatoes, more
corn and more peach trees, the incli?
nation to diversify farming being es?
pecially strong amoong settlers from
abroad.
"Virginia-From 20 to 25 per cent.
"A reasonable suggestion is made by
a Kentucky refinery, basing its belief
upon reports from correspondents in
the farther South that the general re?
duction in acreage of 10 per cent will
really mean a reduction of 25 per cent
in the crop from that of last year
which was the proluct of an excep?
tional season.
"A tone of depression seems to run
through many of the letters because
of the financial, results of the season's
crush. These are attributed to the
existence of too many mills, one Ar?
kansas concern claiming that the
growth of mills is outstripping the
seed supply and one in North Carolina
pointing out that in a particular re?
gion there are enough mills to handle
in ten weeks all the seed produced, to
the competition among the mills for
i
the seed thus raising the price be?
yond a margin of profit for the pro?
duct and to too much attention given;
to markets for the crude oil. Inde?
pendent refineries following the Mis
ississippi movement and an under
' standing among the mills as to prices;
to be paid for the seed are suggested!
among the remedies. Still while most
of the mills will content themselves
with making repairs necessary for the
work of the next season, others will
add to their equipment or are plan?
ning to refine the oil and manufacture
secondary products."
Keep your bowels regular by the use of
Chamberlain's Stomach and Liver Tablets.
; There is nothing better. For sale by air
j druggists.
j Worse Every Year.
j Plenty of Sumter Readers Have
The Same Experience.
; Don't neglect an aching back,
j It will get worse every year.
I Backache is really kidney ache,
j To (hire thc b: "k you must eure the kidneys.
I If you don't, other kidney ills follow
j Urinary troubles, diabetes. Bright's disease.
A Sumter citizen tells 3-ou how-the cure is
easy.
B. A. Betts, well-known farmer, living two
miles north east of Sumter, says: "I believe
Doan's Kidney Pills which I procured at Dr.
1 A. J. China's drug store are a good kidney
remedy. For a number of years I had a hard,
time with my back and every cold I caught
settled in my back and the pain felt just
like rheumatism and would just lay me up. I
could not sit for any length of time in one
' position or attempt to turn over in bed with?
out the sharp pain striking me and making me
yell right out and I had to take hold of some?
thing to support me when I got out of bed.
The kidney secretions were irregular, un?
natural and at night too frequent in action.
I used lots of remedies and took doctor's
medicine but was just the same after I used
them as before. 1 was toid about Doan's Kid
nev Pills curing other people so I went and
got them. They helped me immediately and
since then the pain aas left me. my back is
strong and the Kidn^v secretions do not both?
er me. My health ;s greatly improved in
every way and I give Doan's Kidney Pills the
credit"
For sale by all dealers. Price, 50 cents
Foster-Milburn Co.. Buffalo, N. Y., sole
agents for the United States.
Remember thc name-Doan's-and take no
other. 19