Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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What Civil Kogtneer Wilton Has to Say About the Matter. 1\> thk Hon. Mayok, and City COUNCIL, SlMTKK, S. C. Okn ri.f.mkn : ?At your request I 'vUfcUie here a week ago to look "hver the ground an I make u preliminary ?oport on the subject of sewerage. I Oavo mach? such an examination us is possible without surveys, und have arrived at th? opinion that a system of sewerage is perfectly practicable. Before proceeding with my report ;>ardon me for introducing some re? marks on tho importance, or rather necessity of sewerage. Jn the ab? sorbing pursuit of business we have not time to give much thought to these matters, and often ignore or iiulerestimate the dangers which surround us. lly long association, too, we become inured to Nights und odors, which would be repulsive to a stranger or to us If away from bane. Our own good health and strength, too, often convinces us that thero is nothing dangerous or unsanitary in >ur surroundings, forgetting that ;he victims are geneially tho weak, the poor and the helpless, who have tot Ilia means or the knowledge to ?>rr -ct themselves against these IUI - iavorable conditions or the strength to resist the attack of disease. For this very reason the responsibility 'or the public health rests all the mere heavily upon us. It is sometimes suggested that our fathers got along well enough with >ut these so-called modern improve? ments, and that what *vus good enough for them Is goofi enough for na. Hut tho conditions then were luito different from those of to-day. The population of the towns was small and scattered, and tho pollu? tion of soil, water and air had just begun, and was comparatively mild. It ia now concentrated far beyond the limit of safety. Hut us a mutter >f 'act our fathers were not so well off In thisaraspect after all. Where* ever statistics have been kept they show a steady decline in tho death rate, aa progress has been made in public sanitation. In the past forty years the death rato in Kngland has been reduced 15%, saving 100,000 lives, and upwards of 2,000,000 cases of illness. The death rate of London has been reduced 37% In the same mi". Irub r the able administration of the Massachusetts State Hoard of Health for the past twenty yeurs the leath* from typhoid fever per 100,000 Save been reduced from 81) to B?, and in the city of Boston from 11)1 to Bt< We are inclined to take comfort in the fact that our total death rate is little if any higher than that of other :lties. But this argument involves a serious fallacy, for perhaps three fourths of all tin- deaths are due to ?auses which are still beyond our 'ontrol, such as old age, violence, 'onsumption. etc., and do not gener ally vary much in ditlerent towns, so that the difference in the total leath rate is rarely vory striking. The true test of the sanitary con? dition of u city is in the prevalence of tilth diseases. The best known type of those diseases is typhoid fever, and sanitarians have univers? ally, adopted it as the measure of comparison. Compared on this basis moat of our American cities have little cause for congratulation; with i few exceptions the typhoid death rato among them ranges from On to JM per 100,000. In Paris it is 85, Glasgow 20, Hamburg 1H, London 17, Amsterdam 10, Bar I III 0, Vienna 7, Dresden ."?. Rotterdam The Hague 8. Taking Berlin as an attainable standard, these figures me.ui that Sumter should have only one typhoid leath in two years. The very low typhoid rate in Kuropenn cities is of course due to improved works in all brauche* of ;?ubhe sanitation, and cannot all he attributed |o s. werage. .lust how -ouch is due to that branch and bow much to clean streets and pure water it la Impossible to say. But certain itlstb.it wrrag" play-, an impor? tant part. Prof. Mason has coin pared the death rate in fifteen nil aawered cities in all parts of the world with that of fifteen cities of the same c!a-s bur wo red, and found it H7' higher hi the former than tin* Uttei. The prima requisite of health, laid down thousands ..t years ago, me p*iro food, pure water, puro air, and pure soil. With the II rat of tlieac the Kngir.eer a>\ yet has little to do. You alreaoy have ? pare puldh water supply. But it in well to remember that only |?80U ?l your people are drinking the city water; the other '?.i*m> are drinking from shallow sur? face wells, which cannot fail to he already largely con'utninuted from the numerous e#g| and pools und vaults. There ti a popular im? r< salon that the tool watai Bowlfig through the ground from these filth depoaltt is purilled in a short distance but that theory is now entirely exploded. It Hi true that aolld matter is to some extent strained out at llrst, but the lissolved organic matter and hueier i a ass into the dflnhlog wells without Indranc'-. The only purifying pro ?ess in oxidation, and that does not take plue? to any appreciable extent iu the subsoil. That the two last ratals) tee of health, pure air and a pure soil cannot be had without some system of immediately and com Mttaly ramovlng ail filth to n s st?? distune., is s? If-, videnf. The danger of paftaanlng the an-from city waste ?TiH.-, mainly from the putrefaction, when its poisoaoss slemeiits are given otf iu gaaeoys form, A pioperly iloslgnsd syatsni of sewers carries away and ultimately dispenses of these s iste bafors putri? Saat Ion bagins, hol In any system ol depositing them, either temporarily, or permanently, whether in \??ufts or cess pools or mo\ able \< ireptaeles, putrefaction begins in a few hours. The only danjfSf from house plumb? ing, a danger an grsafl as to hairs led i di*? ti11LriiI*>heil writer twenty years ago t.. say: "Modem convenience* ma\ fairly he said to bo the bane of modern society,'' is the dangst of putrid gaass sasaplng through the ptfssa Into the Nonas, With a good system of saws rags properly design? ed traps afford amp'< protection au no%\ t1 n danger, but i u 11 ;i | , gre 4 safe against the orassnfl of gas gen? erated It. a clo-ed cess pool, There is a wldespi ad Impression ihat human excrement is the only *e?Moi|* or dangerous element of ai city's waste. There COO Id be no greater delusion; water is often charged with elements of infection, :iml there is nothing mote offensive than putrilying kitchen wastes. The late Uol. (Jeo, K. Waring in speaking of a fur liter report of his says: "In eoinnion with the rest of tilt world at that time, I believed that hecal matter Constituted the chief factor in the sewerage problem. It is hardly necessary for nie to say that 1 am now convinced that becul mutter may be regarded as almost trilling when compared with other wastes." Hut sanitary works arc expensive, ami tuking an economic view only, the Question is sometimes asked, do they pHV? Can one atfo!.'. to save the typhoid victims? The answer is, that conllnin;, ourselves to the same economi" view, we cannot Afford to do otherwise. It is estimated that the average human life is worth S'J.tXH? to the community. Assuming merely for the sake of illustration that you have six typhoid deaths per year, you sulfur an annual loss of 119,000. Hut there are ten cases of typhc id to one death, ami the aver ago duration of illness is 4J1 clays. The value of the time lost from work nt $1.00 per day would amount to $6,800 for 80 cases, and the doctors' and nurses' bills and medicines will not be less than $80 per case, making $:i,noo more, or a total annual tax levied by this single preventible disease of $17,."VHP, which is equivalent to a capital sum of more than $8G0, 000, You can substitute your actual typhoid deaths and figure the result yourself. Nor does this take into account the indirect loss to business from occasional epidemics, and the repelling of capital and industry and Immigration for the fear of them. kklt can readily be seen," says Prof. Mason, "that public works which could eliminate a reasonable fraction of this great tax would pay for them selves in the course of a lew years, even though they were originally expensive." The introduction of 6ewerage need not involve any increase in the gen? eral tax levy, the interest and cost of operation may be met by an annual charge for the use of the service just as water works revenues are raised, so that those who are directly bene? fited shall be taxed. The first question to be considered in approaching the problem her?, is. shall we have the combined system, which provides for the removal of rain and house drainage in the same channel; or the separate system which handles house drainage only, and leaves tho question of rain water as a distinct problem. The former is much more expensive at first, but some day it will be necessary for you to provide for the removal of storm water in closed drains, and if you look that far ahead, it will be cheap? er to do it now in a combined sys? tem. You will be at once amply repaid for the extra cost, in the im? provement of the streets and lots. The combined system is universally used abroad, und in tho larger American cities, while the separate system is most populur among the smaller places in this country, and it bus many able advocates who urge it OH other grounds than its cheapness. The relative advantages can only be determined by actual surveys in each particular case. The next question is the ultimate disposal of the sewerage. The simplest, cheapest and most general practice is to discharge the crude sewerage directly into a flowing stream. The next is to first effect the purification by chemical pro? cess, and expensive and unsatisfac? tory operation. Another method is purification by bacteriological tier t ment, a system which is yet scarcely beyond the experimental stage, but which offers great promise; and still, another, the success of which is amply demonstrated, is agricultural irrigation. 1 have examined the country about Sumter, and am informed that the stream of Qreon Swamp, is 40 feel below the city, and can In; reached in a distance of a mile and a half, which affords infReienl gradient for an outfall sewer. I believe that the volume and velocity of this stream are sufficient to dilute and OOOVey away the sewerage you would dis? charge into it without ofTense or dan ? i to the tVw people living near it. 1 i it should ever happen in the future that by reason of your growth, or neu e stringent state laws, it should b? come necessary to discontinue the nee of the stream lor that purpose, a few acres of the low lands along the Stream OOUld ho converted into a sewerage farm, and you could dispose of your sewerage in' thai way. The cost of preparing such a farm would be very little, and the profit of its cultivation would give a handsome return on the investment. Of course without surveys it is im? possible to do more than make a guess at the piobable cost of a sys? tem of sewers, and it is perhaps un? wise to attempt actual figures at this stage, and any that 1 give are t?? be taken with extreme caution. I have assumed that twelve miles of malus. Including the outfall, as auf? flcenl to meel your present needs. This will mule than cover the dis? trict now provided with water malm. lluilt on the separate system it ought lo coet from $40,000 to $50,000, I can See no reason why it should exceed the latter figure. ' Jluilt on the combined iiystem, not even a uues> will he attempted with? out a sorvej. I recommend that you haves com? plet?' survey mad*, and detailed plans, specifications .and estimates for a systniii covering the entire Mty. You can then build mo much of it at (nice as you may see lit. and extend it from time to time as Hnaucei may perm(4or necessity demand. My charge l??r complete profession* al services, Including surveys, plans, specifications mid estimates tor the sum of one I house nd dollars, with the understanding that aethe system is built I am to superintend its con? struction and am to he pai l ,"?",, of the actual COSt less the $1,001) above mentioned. Respectful I j submitted. Cham. I . yy i lhon . < . K, II* PMlcd lbs Siirn?'uiiH. .'Jl ?! .<?(< r? MM Usebl II .mill..n, a Wi Jethjr.'in. i> , .i iim "uf. ring IP month* from ltr i il Funds* ho vasal sals ? ??? >?tlj SSvfSlISS 'iii1 I'frf'.rmc'l ; l.nl ku *Uft<l MlSSflll with flic i> ???* of BuckitsV Arslss Helte, the ??ire*t l'i i- NUI <>ti SStle, *r.i| the bent Sulve In he worlj. 2? SSStl n bwj Ssfd hv .1. P. W Pe butane. Druggist 4 ? w ?i?MAI KJV Cotton Growers Asked to Combine. President Wilborn Issues a Call to the Farmers. Following the lead of the Georgia Cottoo Planters' association, President WilborQ of tho South Carolina assecU tion has (fitted a call looking to a cou vcution to bo held in this oity in Sop tctnber following tho formation of or? ganizations by townships in tho several counties of tho State- His call issued yesterday afternoon roads as follows: To tho Cotton Growers of South Caro liis: I have been urged to issue a call to the cotton growers in South Carolina for united and intelligent action of the growers of cotton and oottoo seed with bankers and ginnera with a view to marketing tho cotton orop through a iongcr poriod of time and obtainiug | correct statistical information upon which to base prioes. I therefore call upon the cotton powers to at once or? ganize in caoh township aud county ul elcat delegates to attend a State (0 ?e t'on to be called at an early date in September, to be hereafter named. Other States are now being organized I hereto attach tho plan ai euggettod at Mason, Ga , May 26 Ltl farmers go ?o work at onoe organizing their court lei sod rrport to me at Columbia, SC. J C. Wilborn, Pres Cottoo Growers' Convention. Tho paper referred to in Mr Wil bom's oatl setting forth the plan of operation adopted in Georgia reads as follows: ''The president of the association shall at once proceed in the most ex peditiou* and economical manner to perfeot organization in every oounty ttroughout the ootton belt of the Stato ; also to call State conventions in the other cotton growing States, for perfecting similar organizations to that in this State Efforts shall bo made to es ablisb a State bureau in each State, in addition to county organizations. "This association shall fix the price at a fair and reasonable figure, at which the producers shall offer their cotton and cottoo seed for sale io the open markets next season If the mini? mum prise is filed on middling grades at say 9 oents per pound at the ports, this would fiz the price at each local shipping point, less the rate of freight to nearest port Bonded warehouses to bo estbblihbed at all local market* wherever required by the banks aud members of this association. Ware? house rec?ipts to be issued to ihe own ers of all ootton stored, and the sane insured it reoeipts are to be negotiated. These warehouse receipts to be nego t'ated at the nearest bank for 60 or 80 per cent, of the value cf such cottoo in the open markets at time they are to be placed with the banks. as colla'eril security for money borrowed Eaob producer shall control tue individual sale of cotton, and, though a member of the association, if he desires to dispoie of his cotton before tbo minimum price tiled by the association is effersd by the buyers be shall be at perfect liberty IS do so The association is confident that a fair and just price for oo'ton and oct too feed can be filed and maintained in tho open markets by the united con? cert of action on tho part of ltl mem hers, buctci by finanoia! aid from the banks, by- holding baok tho surplus < f the otop, which is to be marketed eaob rmcth to meet tho demand of the mills in all parts of tho world "Glooerl tl rojghcut the cotton btU ai I be supplied with postal cirds addressed to headquarters of the State oureuu, with the rtquest that each Saturday night tbc Lumber of talcs ginned thit week will bo forwarded Early tho following week the a*sooic liou will know jest how many bales of 03 ion luve been prepared for market tho past week throughout the cotton belt of the State, and at ti e end uf the ginning season will be in possession of fx ct figures ahowiog th: amount of c ; ton made that season The seorc ta tea of Oiuoty oiganisations will keep in close touch with tbc prodocers, and careful estimates mado on existing orop ceuditions will bo sent weekly to the State bureau Throughout the year information from suoh souroes will be outlined upon whiob the price of I (Otton and cotton seed oan be fixed at a j fair figure "The fund* Beaded for carrying on the cfhoial work of tho association i?hali be rained by o uuty aeeseimeot. The mimimum fee lobe paid Stato or panizition by oeunty organzttiou to be $50 for less than 100 members and he minimum of $100 for each coun'y organization of 100 members or more The annutl dues after the first year to be halt or these reepoJtivc amounts from each county organization. "lf, is deemed essential for ibo pur? pose of rapidly developing ti.is move meot to effeol local organizations io oach oounty of this State* These or ganizaliono ahull bo cITeotfd by an ietite organizer in each congressional district Such organizers nhbll be re? commended by the members from each eoogreieiooal dUtriot composing the all outivn committee, and the appoint* meats mado by the president The president shall bo empowered to remOVS from cm er uny local ?rgeoiter net properly performing bii dtitiesj ant] bate bii plaoe filled upon reoemmeoda tion bv lbs executive eommittoe in said distrio' Tho Icoal organizer shall be paid?dollars per diem and traveling expenses while in active discharge ef (heir duties. do away with all the hot discomfort of former baking days, save yourself work and bother and do your baking in less time, at less expense, by using a Wickless Blue Flame OH Stove Burns the cheapest fuel that's sold with abso? lute safety, without causing dirt or rrrease, smoke or smell. Sold wherever stoves are sold?made in vari? ous sizes. If your dealer docs not hmv2 them, write to STANDARD OIL COMPANY. Mrs. JL. Atkinson, Fashionable MILLINERY. Now Summer Goods and. ITovcltios Coming: in Every Wscfc. Steck uf Flowers and ill TrimroioK M?ie i in s lull dow fur Sim nitr use. Daily adduionn of new designs in Trimming kteo our Trimu-ed Hat Department eoniiott' ouely nttractift. The outgoing nodal? Hie promptly replaced by la let u1e*s of cur owu designing r.nd c pirn of the laust Hat? thown in New York The 8arj"? extlusiveress chtracieriE-8 ou: exlnoit of UNTRIMME? HATS which rorn- I priiaf cboiot ee'.eciions rt Straw Bra'.ds, in white, black und ihe pastel $.b?<1ea I Prtcts 'he lowfdt in city for equal qualities, Mrs. L. Atkinson, SUMTBR, S C. Mby :ei FIRST NATIONAL BANK OF SUITER, STATE, CITY AND COUNTY DE? POSITORY, S?MTER, S. C. Paii npCtpital.$ 75,000 CO Surplus tod Profiti - - - - -i.000 00 Add:tiot?i! Liatihty of Stock? holder* :n *X"e?e of their e'oca. 79.000 00 To a. protection to cc-i'c-f, ??75 000 00 Trat,face a QtLCrtl Banking Bu(sil:5j. Sr*c i?i f.te?>t:ori c;.%ec to co.lec'.iooj. ? 1 VISUS DEPARTMENT. DtpOfiti of $1 ?nd opwardl rece.ved. In tere*: allowed at ;r.e. rs'e :.r 4 per eett.iptf ?oriDta, oo atnouutt abote $S tud no; exceed? ing $30?, payab e quarterly, co firs: days of Jaouary, April, Jaly and October. "R '4 WALLACE, L. 3. CaMi n, Prtfidttt. Casts r 50 YEARS' EXPERIENCE 3 Patents I RADE MARKS Designs Copyrights Ac. A r.rnnr> lending a f-Urtoh nn>! description inny qntcklf ascertain our opinion free whether nu invention it probably potentable. Communion* lions strictly confidential. Handbook on Patentt sent iri'o Oldest ateno? forseeuhntpatents. Patentt taken through Munu k Co. receive tpccial i! der, without chiirL'C, In the Scientific American. A handsomely illustrated weekly. I<nvsett cir? culation of^gny scietitinc Journal. Terms, (3 a year* four months, iL Bold by all newsdealers. MUNN & Co.36,B",ad^ New York brauch ?fllce. tt?? V St.. Washington, I). C. Vinegar. I have on hand a lot of Home-made Vinegar of very Gne quality. The flavor is del? icate, while the strength is equal to any to be had. Will be sold at my residence for 40 cents per gallon. H. ?. OSTKKIV Kodol Dyspepsia Cure Digests what you eat. It artificially digests the foudaud aids Natura in strengthening and recon? structing the exhausted digestive or? gans. It Isthe latest discovered digest ant and tonic. $o other preparation can approach it in efficiency. It in? stantly relieve:} and permanently cures Dyspepsia, Indigestion, Heartburn, Flatulence, Bour Stomach, Nausea, Kick Headache, Gastralgia.Crarnpsand all other results of imperfect digestion. Prici?50c. und$i. LargeilsceontaisiSM times ?mall alto. Jtookiil aboutdyspopslamausdfNl Prepared ty U C DcWITT ? CO . Chicago. SHE PHERD PdPS FOR SALE. AM PTKR ? D.i. ihu< ? ithortd bhep. h if*, i* > , i nut uttli Ii Inkt train uiiMOi r I'm vi?. < nd tee tbetD. or wtii ti PR KSK l. allMBTT, Jul . 20 Rural, e 0. We Sell the Wiekless ?lue Flame Oil Stove. CO WE HAVE BEEN RUSHED m GO o " Why V Simply because we advertise ^ ? no fake. % CD We give no auction bargains, but straight goods, fuli ?? 2| values, at less than factory prices. We have had such ? ae success unloading our goods that we will extend the c X time until August 10 to supply your wants at low cash ' J*J prices. Everybody remarks about the bargains ob- -3*> 21 tained. *^ DOLLS eoid for 10c, uow 6c vDOLLS sold for 50c, now 25c ^ LU DOLLS sold for $1, now 50c ml ^ Larg? Picturea, 20 x 24 aold for $1 50, now 99 cents 2< !?. Decorated Plates, eoid for GOc, now 35 cents CO ~ 0 Now customers, doi:rt fail to take advantage of this M g golden opportunity. We are going to unload, some ^ body will gain by it, 3" ? SO GET IN LINE. i sg T, C. SCAFFE, ? Au8 3 T he Universal Provider. <5 GLENN SPRINGS HOTEL, GLENN SPRINGS, S. C. QUEEN OF SOUTHERN SUMMER UESORTS -STILL LEADS. There is but one Glenn Springs, and it has no equal on the continent for the Stomach, Liver, Kidneys, Bowels and Blood. Hotel Open from June 1 to October I. Cuisine and Service Excellent. It is up-to-date and Everybody Gees There, For water apply to Tor board apply to Paul Simpson. Simpson & {Simpson. WATER FOU SALE BY DR. A. J. CHINA. Waterman's {deal fountain pen, Whiob is oooeeeded to bo tho beat Fountain Pen made, wu3 Bret sold it? Sumter Wj us five years apo. We in- 7 trodaocQ it, &od at Urs", tho sale was / /. ' slow?rLo positive guaraotcc giveu with / LJ ft \ eaeh psu aiid their aoparior merit made \ - tin m go after a short time. We havs f / 1 . J sold IniMireds of pens during the jj?st \ff -'.^V** . / Bve years tnd orj 6t,i!l selling th?'a. |f\ 'y / We have a Ir.rger and more oomplote \ \* f ,/ lacortneol of these pens now than near Deform and from the many at*lee of nibh no oari sail all pcn-Uiora. WATERMAN'S 2&AZBS ITS L MARS AROUND TSE ^SLD G. Ostees & Co. Liberty Strtmt.