Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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Other Wars With China. The Causes Which Led to th "Opium War" in 1840. Baltimore Sua. The German Emperor William like Saul of Tarsus, an unconverted Paul?1*3 "yet breathing; threateuings and slaughter " Addressing the first oaval division, destined for ser vice in China, which sailed on Mon day from Kiel, the little emperor said : '?Yours is the first division of armored ships which I send abroad. Remember you will have to fight a cunning foe, provided with modern weapons, to avenge German blood which has flowed. Spare the women and children. I shall not rest until China is subdued and all her bloody deeds are avenged." It is, perhape, too early in the game to talk thus lightly of subduing China, a country of vast extent, inhabited by 400,000,? 000 of people it is gratifying to know that in deference presumably to the spirit of modern civilization, if not of Christianity, the Kaiser does not propose to exterminate the en tire Chinese population. He tells his warriors to "spare the women and children.For thus much, to this great and terrible war icrd, in tae name of humanity?thanks ! It is to be hoped that neither the j example of foreign powers nor the j urgency of cur own jingoes will cause the administration at Washing ton to deviate a hair's breadth from the sober policy of moderation and justice already announced by Secre tary Hay. li ?3 ail important that President McKinley, whose backbone is notoriously none of the stiffest, and who is lamentably prone to change his mind, shall have the sup port of the intelligent, conservative public opinion of the country in ad hering to the policy marked out by his secretary of state. To save the lives, if rescue be possible, of our own fellow citizens in danger of death at the hands of the Chinese mob, to assist in the restoration of order and stable government at Pekin and to oppose anything like the spoliation or partition of China among the harpy powers, is for this country, obviously the policy of wis dom as well as justice We should not permit ourselves to be blinded by the atrocities committed by the Boxers?atrocities not differing-in fcind and not comparing in extent with those committed by the sans culottes of Paris, and indeed throughout France, daring the Reign of Terror little more than a centuiy ago?to the fact that iu all her deal ings with European powers China has been treated with scant justice, if not with positive injustice Although the oldest, the most pop ulous and in eome ways the most powerful empire on ibis globe, it is a , noticeable fact that in all her loDg history, dating back far beyound the beginnings of Christianity and mod ern civilization, China has never been guiiry of any act of aggression upon any other nation, leastwise upon any European power. She has invaded the territory of no other power, has interfered with the pians and ambi " tions of none. As an accomplished j writer and historian of our own day j has said : "The one thing; that Chiua ha5 a*ked of European civilization ; and the thing called modem progress was to be let alone. China's prayer to Europe wa3 that of Diogenes to Alexander?'Pray sland out of my suns' 136 ' " The Chinese did not serk inter ! course much fjre?ern nations They I . j wouiri with rather have lived without ? seeing ?he lacs of a foreigner As; is takes two parties to a quarrel j Chum lived in peace with ail the worid until 60 years *?o her first for- j eign war w,;s forced upon her by the ! insatiate greed and rapacitv of Eng i l?' ' It was soon : ; /the secession of Queen Victoria that the war desiguaied by .? '? h*stoi;-ans and 'les ? tine : ' ? l-e rearembered in ail time an the O?iurii war" broke out By j rr.a -y wise ai c! patriotic Englishmen has been describid as the darkest bio* t'.-j"?; toe p;t?' s cf English i.is* ; t >ry But that was before Chamber lair; ;.:.d Rhodes nui the London j Stock exehaoga ^ot up the war lor the destruction of the independence li'v Boers and !:.? capture cf the ?T ;M Seid* i:i the O ran ars Fitte State and :he Transvaal. T.';?* cau>es which led '?> ?n:> "Opium "?.:? ' are now knowm to all the w Thfty are of record :o Briri- St-.te Papers ' and m the pag-. ?? o? h istori ana ?vhass accuracy ari'l l-iir-ices are b?yo?d all question Tre imporriti o? opfum luto China bas been prohibited by the Pek?n government since: 1796 The drug originally introduced Lv Portuguese tradets was smuggled overland fr*,:;.' British India, where it was produced in large quantities f:o:.: the c>ppy, extensively grown for the put >se The trade, grown to b : a branch of commerce by sea ar;? r.t oes time a monopoly o? the English irt Ir?ii'a c mpany, afterward fell almost entire ly iato the hands cf British mer chants When the attention of the house of commons was called to the growing- evils of the trade and ti": e5brts made by China for its snppres sion, a select committee of the house declared that it was inadvisable to abandon an important company. Is 1837 the Chinese government adopted a fresh and more stringent policy. It decided on rigoreusiy ' stopping the trade, and the celebrated Chinese official, Lin was sent to Can j ton with orders to require the sur render and destruction of all opium, i whether iu the hands of what were : called "Hong 7 merchants or Chinese 1 merchants Ay a further measure of prevention Lin established a blockade of Canton by Chinese forces and ! batteries. Dispute arose with Mr j Charles Elliott, representing the j British merchants. Collision occur ! red between the natives and British j scanaen, and although the Chinese I government showed considerable I desire to avert hostilities, no satisfac I tory arrangements could be reached j for the suppression of the opium trade Finally, in 1840. the British began ? active hostilities; Canton was captured, j but admitted to ransom by Elliot, j whose clemency led to his recall and the appointment of Sir Henry Poltio ger to conduct the war in his 6tead. The great Yangtze river was ascended, rbe city of C?n-Kiaog Fu, the port of Nankin, was taken by storm after desperate resistance and appaliiog destruction of life, thousands of the Manoha and Tartar soldiers committing suicide after killing their wives aod children, rather than surrender. Every thing was in readiness for a similar j assault upon Nankin, when the Chinese j made overtures for peace, which was concluded upon tbe payment by China I of an indemnity for all the opium confiscated and destroyed, all the losses of British merchants and expenses o? tbe British crown, the opening of tbe five ports, tbereafcer known as the "treaty ports," to British trade and the cession to Great Britain of tbe island of Kong Kong. 'Reduced to plain words," says an Eoglish butorian, "the piiociple for wbich we fought in the China war was the right of Great Britain to force a peculiar trade upon a foreign people in spite of tbe protestations of the govern ment and all such public opinion as j there was of the nation. . . . We : asserted, or at lea3t aoted on the asser tion, of a claim so unreasonable and ? even monstrous that it never could have been made opon any nation strong ; enough to render its assertion a matter ; of serious responsibility." . After ex plaining the machinery by which tbe opium trade was carried on and refer ] ring to Lord Palmerston's defense in j parliament of England's participation in tbe infamous traffic, tbe same writer proceeds : Let us find an illustration intelligible to readers of the present day to show how unjustifiable was this practice. The State of Maine, as everyone knows, prohibits the common saie of spirituous liquors. Let us suppose that several companies of Eoglish merchants were formed in Portland and Augusta aod other towns of Maine for the purpose of brewing beer and distilling whiskey and selling both to the people of Maine in defiance cf State iaws. Let us fur ther suppose that when tbc atitborittss j of Maine proceeded to put the State laws io force against these intruders our government hero took up the cause of tbe whiskey sellers and sent an iron olad ficai to Poriiand to compel tbe people of Maine to put up witb them. . In the case of such a nation a9 .'he United States nothing of the kind . would be possible. But in dealing ' with Chioa tbe mifii<*try never seems to have thought the right or wrong o? the question a matter worthy of any consideration This, be it remembered, was the j entering wedge. The door of China was violently forced open by England , in order that the profitable but infamous opium traffic might find free entrance ] Who will say that England is net ] responsible for more than tbc t\o d ( shed in the ' "Opium war"?tbe souls ? ( and bodies of millb'-s cf human b-.ings j ruined by the opium habit, it z*. lea-t | ( euzg^ts th?t in dealing with Westert: , c?viiizitica Chica, if sinning, has also . bo:n grievously sinned stains: It may bo that it hardly become us to hr w stones a: Eogland o?j account , of f'^.e coium trsfiac, when today in the Philippines, in Cuba and Puerto Rico, uuder the kindly protection of Presi dent McRiutcy and his administration, the liquor traie, always 'ho tirst to j follow the nV:," is slaying i's thousands, proving tuote deadly tha'; tbe ri?es of our soldiers A Question in Figures Some mathematical, hard headed, practical fellow lias reduced the Chi uese problem to figure? Assuming that China is to be suppressed, lie presents th.; following ??<;t- .-' con siderution : 1 It is roughly estimated that the ! population of China is 400,000,000 ! The ri&?ural increase is 10,000.0G? a j year li the allies will nta:i in and ; kill one million Chinamen ;i year fur I 100 years, there will be 1,000.000,000 Chinamen, approximately speaking, t., deal witn at the beginning of the | tiirxt century tir, if the normali increase of Chinamen is 10,000,000, I and tbe allies kill off i ,000.000 : then: or aloni :>8,082 day, it will ? only tafee L0? years to exterminate j t;?ern. If the number <i shots fired ? Calculation. 1,400.000,000,000 o I am munition would be required, which, at conto caci.', would only coc? tee allied nations of t!:<; earth a sum ol j 835.000,_00f>,00O. T-h'?ce would, of] course, L>? other minor items :? expenso attendant upon ti::- cam paign Good hammocks cheap?better onea fos a little mo:c?at ti. ? Ostica k Go's. More Benevolence. McKinley Baying Two M ore Islan?3 of Vao Sul a Group. Madrid, July 27 ?The cabinet 1*9 considering the preposition of the United States government ior the cession of the islands of Cibitu and Kaiagayou in consideration of an in demnity of $100,000. The ministry regards the proposition favorably ; the negotiations for a treaty of accord between the two governments are proceeding rapidly. Washington, July 27 ?Arrange ments have practically been com pleted for the purchase from Spain by the United States of the islands of Cibitu and Cagayen, which were left in Spanish possession by the treaty of Paris, although part of the Philippine archipelago. The purchase price wa3 not made public These islands he without the boundaries of the Philippine archi- j pelago as laid down in the Paris I - treaty of peace Alter lengthy ne j gotiauons the United States deter j mined to buy out Spain's rights to them. One important consideration in the I negotiations was the desirability cf excluding any European power from 1 the possession of the islands for use ! as a naval station, which would con- f stitute a constant menace to the Uni ted States sovereignty. There is reason to believe that schemes ofj that kind already have been put afloat which are now to be thwarted The two islands are insignificant in i area and thinly populated, probably containing from six eight thousand people in all Cibitu is a long, nar row isiand, 14 miles in length by 2 across Cagayen is about the same area, five miles by eight, with mountains reaching in height 1,100 feet It is the largest of a half dozen tiny ielete known as the Cagayen Sulu group, and owing allegiance to the Sultan of Sulu. Its chief products are cotton, sugar and similar tropical products Both the islands are said to be main ly valuable for their pearl and shell , 5sherie8. Neely's Embezzlements at ? the Very Least $131,000. Washington, July 25.?The post | master general has made public the ? : report of Fourth Assistant Postmas [er General Bristow, who investi gated the Cuban postal frauds. Mr 1 Bristow finds that Neely's embezzle 1 ments aggregated at least $131,713 . ind says he was justified in recom- 1 mending the removal of Director Geu ;ral Rathbone. Whether or not the < atter was guilty with Neely in the ? 1 embezzlements, he says, there can be - io doubt that in the matter of unau :horized per diem allowances, per sonal expenditures and warrants 1 jaehed and unaccounted for. he un- ; awfully appropriated to his own use < noney from the Cuban revenues, and 1 :or this, Mr Bristow says, he believes I Vir Rathbone should be required to 5 answer The report says there was no iheck whatever on Neely's transac- 1 :ions. From the accounts examined 1 :he report says the minimum of 1 N'eely's embezzlements may be sum marized as follows : 1 Shortages as shown by his own ! records $30,600 ; excess cf credit | 1 by destruction of surcharged stamps j i je?nitelv ascertained $101,113: to-!' [al $131.713 j! This wiil be increased by the dis- ? ! sovery of additional sales of sur- ! [ sbarged stamps, but will not exceed j 1 $150,000 in the aggregate j The report says that Rathbone j 1 appointed Nee?y, who had custody of j the stamps. W. . Reeves, the only j man who could have a check on j Neely's transactions, a;xi I) War* \ 1 Heid, chief of tb<: bureau of registra- j ?ion, a commission to destroy the 1 ; surcharged stamps, of which Neely ! i had received $522,000. and that ! ' Neely and Reeves entered into a: [ conspiracy to report a larger quantity j \ of stamps destroyed than were ac- ; tuaiiy deslrcyed But, tho report ? says, Neely's fraudulent transactions j were not confined to these embezzle : ments, and while; the amounts were small compared with the "latter "they show the same official depravity and utter disregard of the interests of the public service." r I D'OKS IT PAY TO BUY CHEAP ? A cht ? r-.-.Tit'iy for oughs and colti-; h r.ll ? ?.iir jeu wh??; roai?t-hin? :Lv_ will re j ievc :iti?J ? :rc the :.?: r ?? severe and daiitren us ! Mais <.. throat ariti ?>?:;" trouv'es. ?VhaLj ?ircniaate? V??.??. i: ]?<..-.^: ? : ?f not possiule : r yoxi. i'iit'.i iti sitiicr <-.->-o ?:ikc only ro:::- \ ?y thai has 1 cen ?iilro-iuc;.? ;;. c?v?t?zsJ j -? ?.tri?.- with :-liccc-> ;m ?cve-fj ?Lrost i ?.;:.?: fi.uSk-.-. "!'... - ?'- <?? rost?; S\:^;.." Iti ..n'v hca?i :;::<: :un o?ate.- ti e :?.? } ... i a oie-.:; > ab.'jjit 3 per ceni . .? !?:>'. .?? of those vre- dio cm tr??j? erts : ?: nr-w^rd bound. This said ; r.-' -r;v doubts th-j death rate of 'he ?ri?ish armv in 1 cdia. Lawlessness and Murder iti New Orleans Ni Vf (Jrirans was wili tvirh rio?'?d^ since last Tuesday and a bloody race war r-eemed at one time to be throated The latest dispatches however srate peace aod order has beeo restored A eomplete ?st of casualties shows that six negroes and six while.-: have been killed, cud 10 negroes ar;d 20 whites wounded since rhe trouble bo gan Tbe beginning of the trouble is stat ed as follows : Two suspicious negroes were hang ing arcucd a quiet neighborhood and somebody took the precaution to in form the police. Several officers went to tbe scene, and instead of making explanaticDS or going to jai!, the negroes showed fight. Pistols were scon in play and Officer Mora was se riously shot. Ooe of tbe negroes was ! arrested but Robert Charles, who did j the shooting, since said to be a desperate ; burglar aod ex convict, got away, ? although wcunced The police organ ? j zed a pursuing party and succeeded in j locating tbe C?gi?ive Captati) John j Day, eooimandiog the precinct, led a I posse of police to this shanty aod tried : to reach the refugee by a dark alley ? leading to ir. They carnrd ianterus | and wore essiiy distinguished and when ? they got close enough Charles opeoed j fire with a Wiochester, fcii?Dg Captain : Day acd keeping up the fusilade until ; the captain had five wounds in him. A negress opened the door or ao adjoining ? ree m und told the police to jump in as j Cbaries had rifles acci ammunition and j ao impregnable position. They obey cd, thinking to bold Charles in bis j quarters untii help or daylight came, j Officer Lamb was the last of tbe ?bree ! survives to attempt to reach shelter, after emptying his revolver in tbe direction of tbe negro, and Charles j reached out and dropped him witb a j t bullet behind tbe ear. Nearly an hour elapsed before reinforcements came and these were placed around the block to prevent esoape. It was then discovered that Charles nad already left the room, ; though a shot at tbe pickets told that : be was in the neighborhood. Thousands of people gathered around ! the scene of the shooting and, lacking a victim or other excitement proposed vengeance on tbe property and on tbe negrees in the hovels around. Tbe police promptly quelled the disturbance and jailed a number, but the guard had to be increased. To suppress tbis lawlessness a citi zens' police force of over 1,000 men was organized by the mayor, which with the State militia had apparently restored peace and order, when on Fri day af?eroooa the desperate negro, Robert Obaries, whose crimes caused tbe terri?ie events or the previous two iays, was located io a negro's dwelling 3u Saratoga Street, aod in effecting hie ?apturt 'be lives of tour white men? ?two } oiice officers and two citizens ?were -acrificed. Charier' resistance ccst him his life ind with him was killed a negro com paaiou who tad aided him io his war )n the whites and his defiance of the iUtborities Tbe fresh violence revived :he turbulence of the unruly element iud added strength to their forces. William E. Curtis, writing to the (Jbicago Record, gets off this good par agraph : ' Col Bryan's house stands on tbe edge of the city, a modest cottago ueatly painted in yellow with trim ming* of Indian red It bears the number 1625 in the street. Tbe house next door is number 1*321, and a wag gish friend has suggested to him tbe advisability of trading numbers with his neighbors, so that the iigures of his ['irethoid may be the shibboleth of his campaign, IG to 1 (A diagram will bo furnished ali who do not sec the ,:oke )" aBMMPOWWWBWBW CT? um li mi mi GREENVILLE, S. C. rjpHK y SESSI O y opens on the 28th of .St-p.eoiU-r, IS00 Ful! and tbor instruction, leading tbe decrees of '?. A., fini M A, is offered. Beard in private ?am??e-j moderate : in :be .V.c-?s Es % ! !, ?.::c?.>;er.: fare may be bad ' lesa ;:;:er?e. Correspoiideoce solicited. A ppMention;? for | p'.ecasic tbe Mrfs should not deferred. Fer j fu i i.&rticuiars, ftoolv to the President. . ?. MONTAGUE, L. L. D. j J a i y '!'.<?l?ra. CHARLES C. LESLIE, | tVbc.'i?a'i'j e a Rttr-il Cocicnsj-ion Dealer in Oysters. Game and Poultry. Stalls No. 1 and 1 Fish Market. Office, Ncs. 18 and 20 Market Street. CHARLESTON, S. C. ?ocsisaraen?s of Country Produce, Poultry, Eg^y, k<\, are respectfully solicited. Prompt returns made. Fish picke barrels sr.d bores for the country trade -? sj-ecalty.. THE BANK. GF SUMTES, SUMTER, ti. . City and County .Depositary . i; .' .! -Tot k paio i:.'. . 575,000 00 Y.ii:vv:...i iur-p?u*. . I&OOO OC .t:r-;-t? ?; c.vr.-r,? l-,. , . .; bn: iness ; :\\so j . S..v.:;^> ."..tu'-: ^-p-.r;r:tt <..?. f>epcs:ts of ? *i :? ?...??'.:;r-i .-??;???!?. ; ibterest allo?TjC aj? in ..'.?.? 4 cent. ? ? "? nu ua, payable ..:: :-s?i::'in:ly. W. F. it. H A N\S^uRTH, President; ? ?AitioN' Mo?se, V> . F. a ;??, Vice-Presi I? r, : Cashier. | Jau 31. U\ ^eg Jabk?rcparci:cri?or?s- [? Ei? siiPilating?ie'fco ?n?Regu?a- ? ? j I ling S tci?j??hs an?Bov;ei5 cf Hi ? I [ill il -o f ! i Promotes DigesHon?kerf?l ! i i ness and Res'c.Contains neither si Opium,Morphine nor >Iineral. [|? Kot Narcotic. m fil ! I cfOMJh-SAlt?ZlPITaim Pomphn Seed' dbz.Scnna * S\3cJ:t.lh Sails - / /. Qir?cma?:Sod& * i Wut? Seed - \ C'/;r;?'?<? Sagar ? tr?t&yrccn Flavor. J |!| Apedfeci Remedy for Constipa- [il [j j lion, Sour S ?omach.Diarrhoea, ? ? Worms .Convulsions,Feverish ?GS5 and Lo ss of Sle?E . El "Ss FecSirnlls Signatare of ? '?:-'At-b/ni ?iithi' old- <:?'. EXACT COPT OF WRAPP&B. THE CENTAUR COMPANY. NEW VONK CITY. Great Business and Shorthand Training School of the Southeast, iYhicli is endorsed by bankers, ministers, merchants and almost ivery business and professional man in the city, wants to send catalog and to tell every young person interested in business >r shorthand education, what excellent courses and thorough eachers they have in all their departments : also what good nducements they oiler those who enter with them. Every graduate who completes a course thoroughly and wants a posi ion is assisted to one. Letters from business men writing for heir graduates are on file to prove that more are received than hey have graduates to fill them. Special Summer Rates offer id to those entering not later than September the first. Good joard for S10 per month. Write at once for catalog and full information. Address COLUMBIA BUSINESS COLLEGE, W. H. Newberry. President* ' a iiauica? unaage in iHarxetmg " ' ' as Applied "to Sewing Machines. An erj^rnf.s plan under which you can obtain afjM. f ^ii easier i?r s a a Iseite? value in the purchase of S the world imous "White" Sewing Machine than ever before offered. Write for our elegant H-T catalogne and detailed particular?, Kow we can s2yq yon money in the t>urciuise of a high-grade sewing machine and the" easy ?^rrns^o? payment we can offer, either direct from factory or Though"' ouV reg?l?r*^thcri2ed agents. This is an oppor tunity you cannot aiTord oass. Yac know the "White," yois know its Fnanafactarer*. Therefore, a detailed description of the machine and its construction is unnecessary if yon nave an old macmne to exchange we can ciier most ?isera* ternie. Write to-day. Address in full. jprs siwm msmt cospsny, cDep't a.) Cleveland, omo, # 2 08BORNE RIVAL ? Ha- Never Been Equalled as a Pulverizer. Ei?!? i b% , T^^rS ..;^:.?:: ^?? - '?fr J > , / " ? ?::.? '- . fi ?v, ? f ? "" ?:." I ' % ? fe: ? : i sell ?heso Harrows ori so l?ttie margin that my greatest comfort is in the atis&ctioii th. y give rather than the profit 1 make My ?loo: - arc open io till?My stock is ready for inspection. r . : Liberty sad Harria Streets. N i) SALE STABLES. ~ W, B. BOYLE. Sumter. S. C. July il r:;v oew tjuartei niIST ('LA LIVE! > \ ? 1 i : ?. !