The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, January 12, 1898, Image 1
'?*8UKns WATCHMAN, Established April? isso. "Be Just and Fear not-Let all the Ends thou Aims't at, be thy Country's, thy God's and Truth's." THE TBUE SOUTHRON. Established june. 1 ZHG
Consolidated Aug. 2,1881. SUMTER, S. C., WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 12,1898. New Series-Yol. XVII. 2?o. 24
jPtftllslKd E73T7 Wednesday?
KT. <3r. Osteen,
S?MT?R, S. C.
TKRMs :
$1.50 per ?noam-in advance.
ADTBSTI8CMBST:
Gae Square first ?08ertioq....^.".^...??$l 00
Srsry subsequentinsertion^.......... 50
Contracta for'three moates, or longer wil
be made at redocri raws.
Ali coooriaicat?on3 which subserve private
interests will be charred for as adveriiemeots.
Obituaries and tribales of respects will be
tiMKTfred for,
Rosds of a Country.
AN HISTORICAL VIEW.
Public Eoads the Physical
Symbols by * Which to
Measure Progress of
Aoy Age or Peo?
ple.
It is trite remark that the roads of
V country are an index of its civiliza
?on-that they are the physical sym?
bol by which to measure the progress
j?f any age or people? "If the com
murnty is stagnant the condition of
the reads will indicate the fact ; if
they Ibave no roads they aire savages."
Koada are not cn?y the first product
?f civilization, but reacting they be?
come the chief factor in its advance?
ment Look where we will in history
we find that road building and pros?
perity go together, that every great
peo^tfe have made this one of the
foremost industrial questions
Indera the Incas, build great road,
the remains of which attest their
maguifieecDe Humboldt, in his "As
peet of Nature." speaks of the moon
tam road from Quito to Bosco, as 1 ' a
marvelous work, not inferior to the
most imposing Bomen roadways. It
was from 1,500 to 2,000 miles io
length, 20 feet wide, payed with
stones IO feet sqoare, and bsd a run?
ning stream and road of shade trees
on each side." Prescott says : "It
was conducted over sierras covered
with snow ; galleries were cot
through living rock ; rivers were
^ 'crossed by means of bridges swung
suspended in the air ; precipices were
scaled by stairways hewn ont of the
native bed. and ravines of hideous
depth were filled up'with solid mason
rv.7>
The streets of Boby?on were paved,
h issaid, 2,000 years B C : and
the highway leading from Babylon
to Memphis^ was paved at an early
date, and atong it rose the cities bf
Ninevah Palmyra; Damascos. Pyre,
Antioch and other great commercial
.wrns.
The' importance of the rosds to the
weifere of cations was not unknown
to the Greeks. The senate of Athens,
the governments of Lacedaemon,
Thebes and other states of Greece
bestowed much care opon them
The Carthagenians also were ey ste
matic and scientific road makers ; and
not a little of their commercial and
military importance is due to that
fact.
The Kora ans learned the art of road
building from Carthage, and in their
banda it reached its highest develop
mest. The earliest and greatest of
Roman roads, the Appian way, was
commenced io 312, B.C." The city
of Rome was sfterwars connected
with all the chief tot?ns by paved
roadways. Later these lines of com?
munication were extended through
Ssvoy, Danphine and Province ;
through Germany, every part of
Spain ; through Gaul, and even to
Constantinople ; through Hosgary,
Macedonia and to the mouths of the
Danube. Neither did the interposi?
tion of seas obstruct the labor or
daunt the enterprise of this great
people. The lines of communication
thus constructed to the shores of the
continent of Europe were continued
at corresponding points of the neigh?
boring islands and continents-Sicily,
Corsica, Sardinia: England, Africa and
Asia were accordingly penetrated and
intersected by roads forming the con?
tinuation of the great European Hues
These gigantic works were the most
solid structures of their Kind which
have been formed in any age, and
many of them still remain, often for?
ming the foundation of modern roads,
and in some instances constituting
the road surface now used. A trench
was excavated the entire length and
width of the roadway ; and in this
the road materials were placed in four
layers, having a total thickness of
about S feet : (1 ) The statomen,
consisting of large Hat stones laid in
mortar ; (2 ) the rudus, composed
of broken stone and mortar well con?
solidated by ramming; 3.) the nucleus,
a misture of bi ok en brick, tile, gravel
and lime ; (4 ) the summa crusta,
a pavement of stone, closely jointed,
and fitted with the utmost nicety.
Altboogh these roads were eminently
durable, they were deficient in the
for a good
road,and Hora.ce states that they were
"less fatiguing to people who travel
slowly*" They were remarkable!
chiefly for their lavish disregard of
every obstacle, and are monuments
rather of military despotism, than of
engineering skill.
Daring the reign of lawlessness
following the breaking up of che em?
pire these roads were infested with
robbers and cut throats and were
avoided and neglected by the people,
and soon became impassable ; such
intercourse ' as was maintained was
conducted over rude paths. With
the reconstruction of society the
roads gradually became passable for
animals and tue rude vehicles of the
time ; but no serious attempt was
made anywhere to replace the .-public
highways until the middle of the sev?
enteenth century.
Road building was taken up in
Prance about 1660 by Louis XIV,
who had several fine roads made in
the vicinity of Paris They were
very wide, but were paved only in
the centre The people very soon be
gan to appreciate the advantage of
good roads, but it was" not until the
advent of Napoleon that the modern
system of magnificent highways was
inaugurated. 'The material and
financial prosperity, thriftiness and
contentment of the French people
bas long excited the admiration of
world ; neither internal revolution
nor defeat from ^b road appears to
have entailed upon them burdens too
heavy for them to bear Students of
economic problems ascribe this mar?
vellous condition to the.far reaching
and splendidly maintained system of
highways, on which the obstacles to
economical transportation have been
reduced to the minimum."
The almost incredibly bad state of
the roads in England towards the lat?
ter part of the 17tb century appears
from the accounts cited by Macaulay
(His b ? lil) The Encyclopedia
Britannica says : "It was due chiefly
to the mate of the law which com?
pelled each parish Jo maintain its
roads by statute 'labor " A hundred
years later it does seem to have been
greatly improved Mr. Arthui
Young writing in 1770 of one of the
principal highways, says : "I know
not in the whole range of language,
terms sufficiently expressive to de?
scribe this infernal road."
li was attempted to relieve this in?
tolerable condition by a system' of
toll roads, and about 30,000 miles
were built by the end of the century;
but they were so badly built that
they were soon in as bad or a worse
condition "They were managed."
says the Encyclopedia Brittanica,
"by igrnoraut and incompetent men,
until Telford and Macadam brought
scientific principles and regular sys
tem to their construction and repair "
The name bf Telford is associated
with a type of road which had been
used by Tresagnet in Fiance fifty
years before ; "and the name of
Macadam often characterizes roads on
which all bis precepts are disregard*
ed " Contemporaries, and in some
respects rivals, to these two men
England owes her present admirable
system of roads Dickens says:
Our shops, our horses legs, our
boots, our beauts, have all been bene?
fited by the introduction of Maca*
dara "
Moat of the paragraph? above have
been condensed from "Highway
Construction.'* hy A. T. Byrne, and
from the "Encyclopedia Brittanica
They would have been quoted out?
right bad space permuted.
In the United States, ?be road
question came into prominence at a
very early date. At the beginning
of the preseut century congress set
aside a ceiiaio part of the proceeds
of the sale of public lands to road
building. The ninth congress pass
an act providing for Che construction
of the "Cumberland Road," from
Cumberland, Maryland, into Ohio ;
and frcm 1810 to 1816 appropriations
were made for continuing this work
amounting to $680,000, and 850 miles
were built
In 1817 Jno. C. Calhoun introduced
a oieasure "tu congress providing thai:
?he bonna .and dividends received by
fcbe United States fro? its newry char?
tered national baok be set aside for
roads and casals, amounting to about
?650,000 per yea** Io support of thia
iur. Ca ?boon said in part: "The man?
ner in which facility and cheapness of
intercourse add to the wealth of a na?
tion has been so often nod ably disco ?
ed by writers7 on political economy that
I presume tbe house to be perfectly ac?
quainted with tbe subjeot. It is suffi
eiect to observe that every branch of
national industry-agriculture, manu?
facturing and commercial-is stimulat?
ed and rendered by it more productive.
Tbe recul: is to diffuse universal opul?
ence lt gives to the interior the ad
vantages possessed by the ports most eli?
gibly situated for trade lt makes the
country price, whether in the sale of
the raw product or io the purchase of
tbe articles for consumption, approxi?
mate to that of the commercial towns.
Io fact if we looks into the nature of
wealth we find that nothing can be
more favorable to its growth than good
roads and oinals. * * * * Every
portion of the community, the farmer,
the mechanic and the merchant will
feel its good effects ; and what is of
greatest importance,the strength of the
commodity will begreatly augmented,
aod its: political prosperity rendered
moro sesure." Henry Clay also spoke
io favor of this measure, defending ?ts
constitutionality, bat it was vetoed by
Preside ot Monroe on the ground that it
wa" unconstitutional.
From 1806 to 1833 is addition to
the Cumberland road, congress expend*
ed $1,1)00,000 on various highways;
one leading from the frontier of Geor?
gia towards New Orleans, one from De?
troit to Chicago, one from Memphis
into Arkansas, and one from Nashville
to Natchez. From 1854: to 1860, an?
other psriod of activity, $1,600,000
was expended, chiefly in the territories,
Soutfc Cirolina took up the road
problem very early in her history. 0?
the 26:b of May 1882. the Colonial
Assembly passed tba first road law en?
titled "An act for Highways.71 In 1737
an act vas passed directing a road to be
built to Orangebarg from "the bead of
the path that leads from Dorchester to
Capt. [zird's cow pen." In 1742 an
act was passed providing for a ferry
across Saetee river and a road made in
oonceotien with it "to facilitate the par
sage of travelers from Charleston to
Williamsburg aod others, the northwest
ern parts of this province." From 1753
to1786 tbe following roads were pro?
vided for : from Eotaw Springs through
Manchester, Camden, and Lancaster
court boase from Fort Mott to Fishing
Creek ; from Society Hill to Bennetts
ville, Mirioo, Coowayboro and George?
town ; and from she same point to
Darlington. Kin gs tree and Fort Mott ;
from Orangebarg to Ninety-Six, Ab?
beville and Pendleton ; from Angosta
to Edgefield, Ninety-Six and Fish
Dam ; and from Friday's Ferry on
Coo garee River to Angosta.
Io 1788 a general road law was
passed, requiring 12 days work or a
commutation tax of $2 00 per diem,
aod io 1789 the foods derived from
tavern licenses were appropriated to
road improvement.
. These early roads were, as a gen?
eral thing, located with remarkable
skill, and well built, as tba present
condition of many of them wi I i prove.
Draytoo's "View of Sooth Carolina,"
published in 1802. says : "The roads
io the state are well adapted to travel?
ing and transportation, eveo to the
moue tains ; and hence wagons fiod no
difficulty io coming from the upper
counties, bringing with them the com?
modities of that distant region. Croea*
roads to and from each oourt boase are
-made throughout the state, aod a wagoo
road bas lately been made from thc
north fork of Salada river over the
in ooo tai ns to Knoxville, io the state of
Tennessee, by which wagoos have pass?
ed oarryiog loads of 2.500 pounds
weight. * * * * Aod at this
time a carriage and four may ba driven
from any part of this State to the other,
from the sea shores to the mountains,
without soy other difficulty than such
as naturally arise io loog journeys.
As a farther proof of the high de
gree of effioVsncy of these old state
roads, the cost of transportation by
wagoos between Colombia and Charles?
ton in 1821. aa given by Mr. Robert
Mills,, was only 17-22 100 cents per
ton per mile. Standard authorities
give the cost at 18 cents per too per
mile on tbe very best earth roads,
while the average cost io this state now
is variously estimated at from 25 to 40
cents.
Since the beginning of th- ailway
era in the thirties thc history of the
pablie roads in this slate has been en?
tirely without interest, recording only a
steady and unbroken decline. An
effort was made about ten years ago by
the writer to awake n some interest in
the subject, bot it was soon crowded
ont by other issues. It is to be boped
that the present movement marks a
turning point, and that with the begin?
ning of the 20th century, an era of
great ac.ivity io road building will be
commenced.
Chas. C. Wilson, Secretary.
About That Interview With
Senator Tillman.
Special to the State.
Washington, Jan. 4.-Referring to?
day to notes made at tbe time of my
conversation with Senator Tillman I
find ?bat it ocoared Thursday morning,
Dec 23, not Friday, Dec 24 During
the call at the senator's residence Miss
Tillman's piano was brought to the
bouse. The senator was suffering with
a revere cold and cough. His mouth
was covered with ugly sores and alto?
gether bis appearance and manner in?
dicated serious illness. Reports of a
grave nature concerning bis health
caused The State's correspondent to call
at bis residence. A brief reference to
the matter appeared in The State on
Dec. 24, followed by a faller account by
mail. J B. H
Anderson, Jan. 6.-The election
to decide the question of the issue of
bonds by the city for the building of
the projected Black Diamond rail?
road, was held today. The vote
was practically unanimous in favor
of the issue, one ballot being cast
against it.
For His Sweetheart.
The Bomantic Trip of a ^Young
Man Around the World in
Eighteen Months Before He
Can Wed His Sweetheart.
As the party referred to is in Sum?
ter to day, the fellowing story told
by the Yorkville correspondent of the
News and Courier will interest oar
readers.
Mr. T. Allen McQuary, who start?
ed ont from Mountain Grove, Mis
souri, to make a trip around the
world for an Arkansas girl and $5,000
arrived in Yorkville last Saturday
afternoon, and remained until this
morning when he proceeded on bis
journey. It is not probable that a
eimilar task has ever before been
undertaken for a similar reward, and
under such peculiar conditions. The
story is especially interesting in view
of the fact that it is a genuine ro?
mance in real life, and will be read
with interest by all the readers of the
News and Courier.
Here are the leading facts : Mr.
McQuary is a young man of good
family, the son of a minister of the
Christian Church, who lives at Neo
sho, Mo , is about 23 years of age,
and has undertaken, to make a trip
around the world in eighteen months,
to convince an eccentric but wealthy
father of a beautiful young girl that
young men of to day are made out of
as good material as was in use when
the old gentleman wsis young, and
above all to receive upon his return
the hand of the young lady in mar?
riage.
The full details of the story were
published in many of the leading pa?
pers of the country, including the
New York Journal, the St. Louis
Globe-Democrat. Cincinnati Post and
others, when Mr. McQuary started
out on his journey, but your cor?
respondent will give it as told to bim
briefly as follows.
"After several years' experience
as a printer and publisher in Neohso,
Mo , -I am now 23 years of age
I sold out my business and took work
as a commercial traveler, My busi?
ness carried me into several of the
Mississippi Valley States, including
Arkansas. Railroad facilities in por?
tions of the latter State are not very
good, and on account of this, in one lit
tie town I was invariably detained for
about twenty four hours on each trip.
Here I became acquainted with a
pretty little girl, and this acquain?
tance was renewed upon subsequent
trips, until I finally realized that 1
had met my fate. It developed that
the young lady's father was a rich
Ex-Confederate who owned many
thousand acres of land and lived about
four miles from the town. When
my sweetheart and I ai last decided,
thct we would get married,, we found
opposition on the part of the old
gentleman. She is his only daugh?
ter, and her mother having died at
ber birth, the old gentlemen is pecu?
liarly attached to her. I begged and
persuaded the old gentleman, until
one day he tried to put me off with
the assertion that yonng men of to
day are not made of the same kind of
stuff as when he was yonng ; that
they did not try to do for themselves,
but were always on the lookout, for
rich wives with whom they expected
to get a fortune without work. I in?
sisted that the young men were all
right if they had the opportunity to
show it, and told him that I was wil?
ling to submit to any test. He took
me up, and a few days later banded
rae a written document with a request
for me to sign it.
"The document was in the nature
of a contract between us, and pro?
vided that I must start out on the
19th of May, 1897, without a cent of
money in my pockets, earn enough to
buy a horse, clothe myself in a velvet
snit, gird a sword about me, take
two dogs and make the trip around
the world in eighteen months. Must
pay my way wherever I go, in an
honorable manner, and must do 5,000
miles of the trip on horseback ; the
other 20,000 by ship. I must
get the signatures of the
Govornors of the States I pass
through and the postmarks of the
towns along the route, I roust go to
Cuba and get the signatures of the
generals on either side. If I return
within the eighteen months allowed,
then I am to have the old gentleman's
permission to marry bis daughter. It
is a condition, however, that under
no circumstances must I ever men
tion his name until afeer I have per
formed my task
"When the old gentleman first gave
me the contract to sign I thought he
was joking I hesitated ; be banter?
ed, and I finally signed it My
sweetheart did not want me to under
take the journey, and was willing to
settle the matter in another way.
She is true blue. For a time I thought
the old gentleman would relent, and
he thought I would back out. But I
made my arrangements to start, and
when he became convinced that I
meant business he amended the con
tract by offering in addition to the
hand of his daughter, after I com?
pleted the journey, the sum of $5,000
cash.
"Well, I started from Mountain
Grove the date mentioned, told the
newspaper reporters of my undertak?
ing, worked in various printing offices
until I got enough money to buy a
horse and the prescribed costume. Mr.
James Douglas, of Mountain Grove,
gave me my sword. I bought one of
my greyhounds, and Chief Kennedy, of
the Springfield fire department, gave
me the other oo condition that it shall
wear a collar eograved with the names
of bis men. Slr. S. J. Immel, of
Springfield, fitted me out with my horse
furniture at the cost of the material,
and other friends, helped me oat with
small contributions in cash.
"Thus, uoder :he most encouraging
auspices, I started forth, and here I
?am. I have beeo through the States
of Missoari, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio,
Keotacky, Tennessee, West Virginia,
Virginia aod North Carolina. Gen?
erally I have not had a hard time of it.
The newspaper men along the route
have generously given me work when?
ever I have asked for it, and at two
places I got oat special advertising edi?
tions of newspapers. Up in Ohio I
worked four days helping to grade
a railroad, driving a scraper. From
here I go to Lancaster, thence to Cam?
den, thence to Sumter, tbeoee to
Monck** Comer, and thence to Char?
leston, where I will sell my horse ; bot
still, with my dogs, will take a steamer
to Key West, and from there will go to
Coba
"Up to this poiot I have ridden 2,400
miles. The water part of the journey
will, however, be the most exacting
drud ?erv, as I will have to come dowo
to the hardships of the common sailor.
I am corresponding with the New York
Journal, St. Louis Globe-Democrat aod
several other prominent papers. The
remaining portion of the land journey
commences at Sao Francisco, and will
be by a e" lit?os route back to the.
starting pobt. "
Mr. McQaary explains as the reason
for bis peculiar costume the fact that
it will make bis ideotity so mach easier,
aod the old gentleman's prohibition as
to the mentioning of bis name, is to
avoid oewppcper notoriety, especially
on account of the young lady. It is
possible that tbe old geotlemao and the
yoQOg lady will be at Charleston, bat
of this Mr. McQivry is unable to speak
with certainty.
Notice was sent out yesterday to the
effect that Mr. McQaary wonld tell his
story io the Court House last night,
that the lecture would be free, and
that everybody was invited. .Notwith?
standing the very inclement weather
a fairly good-sized audience, composed
of the representative people of the
towo, including a goodly number of
ladies, were present. The story was
told io simple cooversational style, in
a plain, straightforward manner, with?
out any attempt on the part ot the hero
to magnify self, excite sympathy or
anytbioy of that kicd. Everybody
was pleased with the speaker and what
he said, and the way in which he said
it.
Mr. McQaary has abondant evidence
that bis story is absolutely trae, aod
allows aoy who may desire to do so to
satisfy themselves, and be bas no fault
to find with those who imagioe be is a
fake, or who think he is oat on a silly
mission. He impresses one as being a
high-toned, honest, Christian gentle?
man, and a mao of refined tastes and
sensibilities
During his stay io Yorkville be set
type on the Enquirer and proved him?
self a good workman. If be completes
his trip, and there is every reason to
believe that he will, he will do doubt
prove a worthy son-in-law to the eccen?
tric old gentleman whoset for him such a
remarkable task.
He expects to arrive in Charleston
duriog the latter part of next week,
and it goss without saying that his
reception will be so warm, cordial and
free that the pleasant memories of it
will linger in hts mind and heart long
after many of the other pleasant and un
pleas?ot incidents conneoted with bis
remarkable undertaking have been for?
gotten.
Beaten to Death.
Special to Tbe State.
Clinton, Jan. 4 -James Hunter, a
negro, died here this afternoon at 4
o'clock from a whipping administer
ed this morning by parties from the
country, or from a fal? received while
trying to make his escape.
Dr Robert L Daboey, D. D., L L
D , the distinguished divine and schol?
ar, died at Victoria. Texas, yesterday.
Fie was Stonewall Jackson's obaplain
Fall River, Jan. 5.-The doth mar?
ket for nearby futures took another
drop to-day and a small scale, rumored
to be 2,000 pieces weekly was made for
January. February aod March delivery j
at 2 3 16 cents, a decline of 1-16 Itt
is also reported that spots were sold at !
this figure, but this oaunot be verified.
The reduction almost offsets the ben?
efit derived by the redaction in wages
and the consequent decrease of the cost
of production. _
THE PENITENTIARY.
One of the Most Prosperous
Ste te I ostituitions.
Tbe penitentiary is one of the most
prosperous institutions of the state.
Within a few days Superintendent
Neal expects to pay into the state
treasury $10,000 for the general fund,
a sum made from the operations of
the penitentiary This is the first
time in the history of the institution
that such a thing has been done and
ie an indisputable evidence of the
efficiency of the management. In
addition to this the sum of $8,869.
72 was paid on the Reed farm pur?
chase, being the last payment on the
price of the farm-$10,000. The
money to boy the farm was borrowed
on a four year basis, but it has all
been paid within two years.
Even with these payments the in?
stitution will have enough money on
hand to run on a cash basis this year,
paying for supplies, guano, etc., in?
stead of purchasing them on credit.
It is a splendid showing and one
that the directors, the superintendent
and the state should be proud ol-r
Columbia Register.
A New Theory.
fiere is an interesting smallpox ar?
ticle from the Yorkville..Enquirer:
A remarkable fact about the alleged
smallpox epidemic in Atlanta is that,
notwithstanding the large number bf
caaes, there has not been a single
death from the disease Several who
have had the alleged disease died
while it was still on them, but the
doctors report that death was due to
other causes. Many of the doctors
insist positively that the disease is
smalllpox, while others claim dif?
ferently. These latter are supported
by a considerable number of outsid?
ers. The story is that a eirena and
menagerie, which went through the
city some months ago, discarded
there a large quantity of straw that
had been used for bedding Negroes
took this straw and used it for the
same purpose, and it was among
these negroes that the troublesome
disease first made its appearance.
The disease spread considerably ; but
as yet the number of white victims
bas been very small. Those who
claim to know most about the matter,
say that the disease, which manifests
itself in an eruption that looks like
smallpox, is what is known in Africa,
and from there in other parts of the
world, as "elephant's itch." JNo
such disease is reaognized in the
medical books by that name, but it is
generally conceded that there are
several eruptive diseases of a more
or less malignant character which may
be easily mistaken for smallpox.
While the fact of the existence of
the rumors, etc , outlined comes from
good authority, our information is
that nothing is positive and we give
the matter only for what it may be
worth.
No More Free Advertising for
the Pensions.
, In some counties pension boards are
advertising o ot ieee which are
important to claimants. Heretofore
? ociciB of a ?ike character were publish?
ed in Abbeville, bat sicco tbe authori?
ties refused to pay anything at all fer
the service, 6uch notices do not appear
in the Abbeville papers The Abbeville
printers have not yet discovered any
plan by which their newspapers can be
published without cost
The newspapers at Abbeville have
done more free advertising for the pen?
sioners, and bave received less thanks
for it, than for any work which tbey
have done. ?.
As soon as we go ioto the business
for our health or conclude to continue
it solely for the fun of it, we wiil take
up the pension busiussi again -Abbe?
ville Press and Banner.
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The best Salve in the world for Cuts
Braises, Sores, Ulcere, Salt Rheum, Fever
Sore, Tetter, Chapped Bandi, Chilblains, Corns
and all Skia Eruptions$ and positively cure
Pilot or no pay required. It is guaranteed to
give perfect satisfaction, or money reiucded
prieo 25 cents per box; for tale by Dr J. F*
w- JJ*Lorine.
Royal makes the food parc, f.
wholesome and delicious.
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POWDER
Absolutely Pure
i
, RCTOU. E*KMQ POWDCB CC., NEW VQBK.