The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, July 21, 1897, Image 8
Cl)f Murnini w? gmtywi
"WEDNESDAY, JULY 21, 1897
LIVE Q.uLSTiOiNS.
A Series of Articles Contributed b:
_ AdTattccd Thinkers._
WHAT~*!S~ LfrfeR?T?R?Y"WSn?T" ITS
SCOPE, USES, HIGHEST USE?
Hume once said: ' 'Every one who i?
acquainted either with the philosopher*
gr critics knows that there is nothing
yet established in either of these twe
sciences and that they contain little
ancre than endless disputes, eve? in th?
most fundamental articles." This was
uttered in what Professor Huxley calls a
"Wen teri au crisis" of Hume's experi?
ence, and yet it is in a sense as true to?
day as it was when uttered over a cen?
tury aga (
When Hume made this statement, the
dewtrine of evolution had been only
vaguely hinted by a few of the lofty
minds of the race. The full and con?
clusive working out of that hypothesis
by Darwin, Wallace, Huxley, Tyndall,
Spencer and Haeckel has gone to con?
firm Hume's criticism. We now see foi
the first time clearly and definitely that
no theory, no criticism and -no defini?
tion can be conclusive. On this point a
return to one of the doctrines of Democ?
ritus is inevitable-viz, that all things
- are in a state of flux. Emerson beauti?
fied and enlarged the idea when he
likened ali nature to a flowing stream.
Hence there is no possibility of fixity of
definition. This is quit? disconcerting
to a certain type of mind that is ever
attempting to settle matters once foi
all. These are victims, probably uncork
scions, of certain educational and theo
logical hobbies, whose method is to mold
the mind or crystallize it into certain
forms and'bring about a kind of intel?
lectual death cr mental atrophy. The
ona hopeful indication of this age is
that we have no final solution of any
literary or sociological question ana that
we are becoming conscious of the fact.
Thus, by the very conditions that many
deplore, we are coming into sanity and
are exercising in a small way in the lit?
erary world the real rights of the free
children of nature.
The habitual and conservativo defer?
ence tc authority is subversive of tho
highest ^individuality and has a tend?
ency to make intellectual parasites of
us. E. Ray Lancaster, in a most in?
structive brochure on ' 'Degeneration, "
shows that dependence on others easily
leads to decline and ?finally to inability.
The animal and vegetable world is
? fruitful in examples of .species of de?
pendents that once were free and pro?
gressive. The inevitable end of such a
' tendency is extinction. The whole par?
asitic world is a striking illustration.
? Jordan has pointed cut the danger
with dramatic force, and Drummond
- has read us not unprofitable lectures
that, we should heed. Dependents we
all are in a limited way necessarily, but
we must j not go beyond those limits
that nature sets.
To show historically tho uselessne#
of dependence cn established literary
judgments we need only to look at the
way in which the works of real literary
merit-the classics-were received cn
publication by the ruling authorities. I
need to refer to but a few instances,
such as Shakespeare's plays, "Paradise
Lost*" Hume's histories, Byron's, Shel?
ley's and Goethe's works. So universal?
ly is this true that the proverb, " You
know who the critics are, those who
have failed in literature themselves,"
remains almost undisputed.
A very slight acquaintance with the
history cf literary criticism /will im
/ press us with the necessity of ^nodesty
and caution.
Language, the essence cf literature,
and words, the raw material of lan?
guage, are both the results and subjects
of the law of evolution. If these were
the products of a machine, were the
stamped pattern of a fixed die, then we
oould>speak with a little more certain?
ty of literary standards and make cur
appeal with better grace to "the clas?
sics." It is entirely a matter cf taste,
and all authorities agree de gustibus
non dispntandum. It follows as surely
as the night the day that if our literary
taste is the result of training in a cer?
tain line of literature that line of
literature to us is the only standard cf
appeal. To the .Mohammedan, the Al
koran is the finest literary production
in the world; to the old Egyptian, the
"Book of the Dead;" to the Hindoo,
the Vedas; to the Parsee, the Avesta;
to the orthodox Jew, the Pentateuch
and Prophets; to the German, Schiller,
Goethe, Klopstock and Richter; io the
French, Racine, Moliere, Paine and
Hugo; to the Italian, Dante and Tasso.
To thc Englishman and American,
Shakespeare, Milton, Wordsworth, Em?
erson, Longfellow and Hawthorne are
supreme.
These authors are all different, and
in mode cf expression rarely parallel
to each other. This brings me to a ten?
tative definition of literature, which is,
a verbal mode of expression. I say verbal
because there are various other modes
of conveying ideas; for instance., you
ti'.ll recall the contentions cf Cicero and
Roscius as to which is the best medium
of expression, oratory or pantomime.
My definitions are not taken from
dictionaries, as I do not care to be phil?
ological; nor from works on criticism,
as I do not wish to play at parasitism,
but are from my own experiences and
observations.
Literature is any intelligent expres?
sion of thoughts or ideas, the verbal or
external form of ideas. The Greeks
had a word, logos, which meant both
the internal idea or thought and the
external expression of the thought.
I might define literature as any written
form of ideas. This is its broadest
meaning, including the badly written
advertisements and reports in some of
our papers OK the one Land anet t!
sublimest: Sights of Shakespeare cn ti
ether. To give a concrete illustration,
quote from a doggerel written in ti
present year of grace in memory bf
great statesman. Of course the .stare
man is dead. I give simply a quatrai
a homeopathic doie, with allopathic c
fects: .
When in the great et emit v the truth, is ful
told,
It may be that thy soul was too sreat fer ?
body to hold.
When truth from error is thorouglily sieved,
It will be found That thou wast, ene cf t'.
greatest that ever lived.
Unquestionably this is net poetry,
is net even rhyme. It is even destitu
of tbe conventional jingle, but it is J i
erature-of a kind. On the other hans
far, far away from this painful jangL
I quote a sentence from Richter, ti
j stupendous, un approached Colossus <
Germany. He is describing a night rac
ble in one of his beloved German fo:
ests. Sm says: "White night butterfih
flitted, white blossoms fluttered, whii
stars fell and the white saow powrie
hung silvery in the high shadow of ti:
earth, which reaches beyond the moor
and which is cur night. Then began tl
Eolian harp of the creation to trembl
arid to sound, blown on from above, an
my immortal soul was a string in ths
harp."
Literature is vast and varied and il
definition in this general way not din;
cult. I quote from Carlyle:
"There is no uniform standard of es
cellence, either in physical or spiritus
nature; all genuine things are wha
they ought to be. The reindeer is gee
and beautiful, so likewise is the ele
phant. ?n literature it is the same
'Every man,' says Lessing, 'has a sty I
of his own, like his own nose. ' True
there are noses of wonderful dimes
sions, but no nose can justly be ampu
tated by the public, not even the nos
of Slawken bergins himself, so it be :
real-nose and no wooden one put on fe
deception's sake and mere show."
We see, then, that literature, accord
ing to the masters cf it, is vastly broad
and even the poor scribbling at whicl
we laugh would be deemed highly val
nable could it be kept 1,000 years am
found by some future antiquary.
The scope of literature we have seei
in its d?finition. It is as inclusive a:
the art of writing and printing. Its use:
are not far to seek. We print books
pamphlets, magazines and papers fe:
the simple and siegle purpose of con
veying ideas. These may be raw or ripe,
pure or impure, just cr unjust, true )]
false. No what matter their character
they are to be put into other minds, anc
literature is the means, or one means,
of making the transference.
Its use is to make known the wants,
impressions, ideas, thoughts, hopes,
fears, joys and sorrows of ene person tc
another. Its highest use may be mere
intensely theological. When we inquire
what is the highest object of life, we
are met with several answers, beth
practical and theoretical. Matthew Ar?
nold tells us that we are to seek happi?
ness; Carlyle, blessedness; Socrates,
wisdom; Shakespeare, in Wolsey's
monologue, "the service of Ged;" Paul,
"to do good unto all men."
Ii we look at the seething, surging
world, we see that there are many ob?
jects that compel men to activity.
Among them are tho love of fame,
wealth, luxury, ease and power cr in?
fluence. Out of this multiplicity ?nd
complexity we can select the real aim
of life, and then it will be easy enough
to find the highest object of literature. ?
Evidently the real purpose of life is
character development. This dees not
exclude other developments, such as
that of the animal and vegetable worlds.
Character is developed only as it aids
in developing all around it. To the
true soul nothing is uninteresting or in
vain. The living soul Suds itself in a
living universe, which is its home, and
it learns the nature and mode cf action
of this great living organism. To know
this organism, to know ourselves as a
part of it, to feel its pulsing, thrilling
life, to join heartily and harmoniously
in its work, to move on with it in its
great unfolding, to feel an ever widen?
ing knowledge, au ever deepening love,
an ever brightening hope, an ever in?
tenser and more joyous life-this is the
highest object of endeavor. This may.
seem to savor of egoism overmuch, but
we cannot enter into this more splendid
temple until we have fully dedicated
ourselves to the service of all who suf?
fer. Renunciation, self surrender, is tho
royal road into this kingdom cf the in?
finite and eternal. Now, we can clearly
see that the highest use cf literature is
to bring all knowledge*, "by the help of
all who love to the service cf all who
suffer." f
The modern works of fiction that
deal with tue sociological and religious
questions cf the hour in a masterful
way are to be counted as cur present
day classics and placed cn the literary
Olympus among the other deities. It is
quite natural that Zeus, Apollo and
Demeter and their priests should look
with grave suspicion upon thc new ar?
rivals, for not only do these threaten to
divide honors, but also incidentally the
spoils of the sacred office. However,
Jupiter as well as Pluto should remem?
ber that the way to thc literary Olym?
pus has never been closed and that the
doctrine of evolution implies that the
newer deities may crowd the older ones
cut of the sacred circle anel occupy all
the seats. Thc law of th?' survival of
the fittest reigns among the gods of lit?
erature as well as among devils anel
men, and we should make up our minds
to bow to it submissively.
We are left in conclusion to our own
choice, to follow our own tastes, to do
sacrifice at whatever shrine we list, or
at none. Whether it be Concord, Chica?
go cr Besten, -Louden. Berlin or Paris,
or some unpretending wayside shrine,
or at all shrine's, is a question e)f in?
dividual taste. Probably it would be
wise to have one shrine dedicated to
"the unknown," that we may not stand
in the attitude of unwitting exclusion
of a worthy new candidate for literary ?
honors. J. W. CALDWELL.
St Louis.
- mm i i mm\
Base ball goods at the Book Store.-H. G
Osteen k Co. * *
5
WHOLESALE BROKERS
Cotton Storage Wa* ?house
PROPRIETORS.':
?P-TOWJ? OFFICE:
COURT HOUSE SQUARE,
1,000 Tons High Grade Am
moniated Fertilizer,
1,000 Tons Acid with Potasn.
500 Tons Dissolved Bone.
500 Tons German Kainit,
400 Tons C. S. Meal,
For Sale.
We are prepared to meet
any and all prices for STA?^D
ARD GOODS. Get our prices
before purchasing.
Respectfully,
HARBY & co.
Dec. 16.
Atlantic Coast Line,
WILMINGTON, COLUMBIA AND AUGUS
TA RAILROAD.
CONDENSED SCHEDULE.
TRAINS GOING SOUTH.
Dated Mav 16. 1896 ;No.55.
? P. M.
Leave Wilmington j *3 40
Lea?'? Marios; j 6 40
Arrive florence I 7 25
No 51.
; P. M. j A.M.
Leave Florence \ *7 40j *3 35
Arrive Sumter i 19 121 4 4Q
No.52.
I P. M. j A.M.
*S 35
Lesve Sumter', | 9 15
Arrive Columbia i 1035
10 55
No. 52 ruG3 through from Charleston J*
Central R. R., leaving Lane? 3 20 a. m., i!*-.';
2^ 8 05 a. SJ.
TRAINS GOING NORTH.
i No.54.
No.53.
Leave Columbia
Arrive Sumter
Leave Sunter
Arrive Florence
Leave Florence
Lenvs Marion
Arrive Wilmington
; A.M.
! *5 50
? 112
?A. M.
j 7 15
j 8 25
?A. M.
j 8 55
j 9 34
I 12 15
P.M.
*5 rs|
6 35|
No.50.
P.M.!
*6 45j
7 551
?Daily. fDaily except Sunday.
No. 53 rons through to Charleston, S. C..
via Ceu?ra! R. R.3 arriving Manning 7 10 p
m., Laries 7 48 pm., Chariesion 9 30 p.m.
Tralee on Conway Branch laave Cbad
boarn 10 40 a. m., arrive at Conway
way 1 00 p. m., returning leave Conway at
2 45 p. m., -. -ive Cbadbourn 5 15 p. rn*,
[eave Chedcoarn . t>0 p. a., arrive at Hub a:
6 20 p. ra., rersrai..^ leave Sub 8 30 ft. ra.
arrive at Cbadbcurr. S.15 a. m. Daily er
aept Suadav 5
JOHN ?. DIVINE, Gea'l Supt
J K3NLY, Gen': Manager.
T. M. EMRRSG?S Tratf-c Manager
Atlantic Coast Line,
S?S^ ^v??:Vl Virata S?3
Sor?h-Eas?era II? Re o! S. C,
TRAINS GOING SOUTH.
Dated Mar j?O.SS'so^S HO.53
16, 1896. j * i * I *
Le. Fiorence i
" Kiogetree:!
Ar. Lanes
Le. Lanea1
Ar.Charrt'n
H.
35
8 50
49 9
43 9 15
lojlO 50
M. ! P. ii.
P. ll.
7 52j
9 25
P. M.
TRAINS GOING NORTH.
I KO.78 | so.32
A M. P.M.
NO 52
*
A. X
Le. Charl't'a ? 5 30 5 20 1 7 00
Ar. Lanes | 7 05 6 45 j S 26
Le. Lanes ! 7 05 j 6 45
" Kingstree j 7 23 ?
Ar. Florence I S 25 J 7 55
i A.M. I p. M. ?. M.
?Daily. fDaily except ?uaday.
N?>. 52 ruo3 through to Columbia via Ceu
trat R. R. of S. C.
Traine N03. 73 ?nd 32 run via Wilson and
Fayetteville-Short Line-and make close
connection for all points North.
Trains on C. ? D. R. R. leave Florence
8 55 am, arrive Darlington 9 28 am, Che
raw 10 40 a m, Wadesboro 2 25 p m. Leave
Florence, daily except Sunday, 8 10 p rn, ar?
rive Darlington 8 40 p rn, Hartsville 9 35 p
m, Beooett9ville 9 36 p rn, Gibson 10 00 p m.
Leave Florence, Sunday only 9 00 p m, ar?
rive Darlington 9 27 a rn, Hartsville 10 10
a m.
Leave Gibson daily except Sunday 6 15 a
m, Beonettsville 6 41am, arrive Darlington
7 40 a m. Leave Hartsville daily except Sun?
day 6 30 a m, arrive Darlington 7 15 am,
leave Darlington 7 45 am, arrive Florence
8 15 am. Leave Wadesboro, daily except
Sunday 3 00 pm, Cheraw 515 pm, Dar?
lington 6 27 p ID, Florence 6 55 p m. Leave
Hartsville, Sunday only 7 00 a ci , Darling?
ton 7 45 a m., arrive Florence 8 10 a ra.
J R. KEN LY, JNO. F. DIVINE
Gew'1 Manager, Geo I Sap't.
T M EMERSON. T-R?SC MariacfT
SET WEEN
.VIA
Fast Freight Line
Sumter, S. C.,
The Korth, Northwest, South and
Southwest,,
AUGUSTA & GEORGIA R. R.
Rates and information furnished by
B R. JACKSON, T. F. A.
Columbia, S. C.
A G JACKSON, G. P. A.. Augusta, Ga
Dec 8.
THE BANK OF SUMTER,
SU7" TER. S. C.
! City and County Depostory
Transacts* t: general Bmkiog business, also I
A Savings Bank Department,
Deposit of Si acd upwards received Ia- j
tercet allowed aribe raie of 4 MT cent, per1
annan-. Payable quarterly, on first days of ?
Januarv, April, July and October.
' W. F. B. HAYNS WORTH,
W F. REAME, Cashier. President. ?
Jan 13.
Order Your
PROVISIONS ANO GROCERIES
PROM
GEO. I. OTE! & SOS, j
holesale Agents, Charleston, 3 C j
-Agents for
MOTT'S CIDEE
BED SEAL CIGABS,
AND DOVE HAMS
Atlantic Coast Line.
Manchester & Augusta Eailrosd
CONDENSED rfCHED?L?
In etTect Januarv IS, iSi-o
TRAINS GOING SOUTH
So. *35. Ko. f57. j
? A. St. A.. H.
j Lv Darlington, 7 53
j Lv Elliott, 8 40
I Ar Sumter, 9 2*
j Lv Sumter, 4 30
j Ar Creston. f* 22
i Lv Creston, 5 45
j Ar Pregcalls, 9 15
Ar Orangeburg, ? 4-7
I Ar Denmark, 6 20
p. v. A: it. AU
TRAINS GOING NORTH,
j No. t5o No. *32
A. K. ?. K
I LY Deam^rk, 4 55
j Lv Oraogeburg, 5 25
i Lv Pregnails, 10 00
I Ar Creston-, 3 50
j Lv Creiton, 5 4T
; Ar t?cm?tr, b 40
j Lv Sumter, 6 3:*
! Ar Elliot t. ' 7 40
j Ar Darlington 3 30
j * Daily.
fDaily ercept Sna?ay.
j Trains 50 and 51 carry through Pnllina"
j Palace Buffet Sleeping Car-? between Ne?
i York and Atlanta via Augusta,
j T. M. ?M EivSON, K.M. EM BRSOX,
j Trace Manager Ass't Gen. Pass. Av"
J. R KEN LY. Gerri Manager
I SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEORGIA
RAILROAD.
PASSENGER DEPARTMENT.
Corrected to Jan. 24th, lfc'97.
DAILY. DAILY
j Lv Charleston 7 10 a tc 5 30 p m
| Ar Summerville 7 46 am 610pm
i " Prepnalls 3 IS a m 6 50 p m
i " Georges 8 30 a m 7 04 p m
j " Branchville S 00 a m 7 50 pm
" Rowes ville 915am 8 07 pm
' " Orangebarg 9 28 a m 8 24 p m i
i ". St Matthews S 48 a tn 8 48 p ra j
i " Fer; Motte 10 00 a m 9 03 p ra j
j " Ringville IC 10 am 9 20 p m j
j .'Columbia 10 55 am 1010 pm \
I Lv Columbia 7 00 a m 4 00 p m ;
Ar Ringville 7 40 a m 4 44 p tn j
1 " Fort "otto 7 51 a m 4 55 p m
" St Matthews 8 02 am 5 09 p m j
" Orangeburg 8 24 a m 5 27 p ra '
" Rowesviile S 38 am 5 42 p m j
; c' Branchville 8 55 am 5 55 p m .
j " Georges 9 35 a m 6 37 p m '
" Pregnalls 9 48 a m 6 SO p m .
j " Summerville 10 22 a m 7 22 p m
i " Charleston ll 00 a m 8 00 pm
?_,- *
? Lv Charleston 7 10 a m 5 30 p m '
!C Branchville 9 15 a m 7 50 p tn
" Bamberg 9 41am 819pm
"Denmark S 52 a m 8 31 p m
"Blackville 10 10 am 9 50 pm
'.Williston ?0 27 a m 9 10pm
,? Aiken ll 09 a m 9 57 p m
Ar Augusta ll 51 a m 10 45 p m
Lv Augusta 6 20 am 3 20 pm
" Aiken 7 08 a m 4 07 p m
" Williston 7 49 a rn 4 44 pm
"Blackville 8 08 am 5 03 pm
" Denmark 8 20 am 517pm
" Bamberg 8 33 a m 5 29 p m
"Branchville 9 10am 5 55 pm
Ar Charleston ll 00 a m 8 00 pm
Fast Express, Augusta and Washington, with
Through Sleepers to New York.
Lv Augusta 3 05 p m
Ar Aiken 3 44*p ra
" Denmark 4 59 p m |
Lv Denmark 6 25 a m j
" Aiken 7 28 a m j
Ar August?. 8 10 a m 1
j
Daily Krcept Sunday.
Lv Camden , '8 45 a m 2 25 p m ,
" Camden Junction 9 35 a m 3 55 p ra !
Ar Ringville 10 05 a m 4 35 p m
Lv Ringville 10 25 a m 6 00 a m
" Camden Junction ll 00 a m 6 40 am
Ar Camden 1155 am S 15 a m
E. S BOWEN. . L A. EMERSON,
Gen'i Man'g'r Traffic Man'g'r
General ofizces-Charleston. S C
NOTICE OF REGISTRATION.
THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA, !
SUMTER COUNTY.
OFFICE OF
SUPERVISOR OF REGISTRATION,
SUMTER COUNTY.
SUMTER, S. C., May 1, 1857.
Notice is hereby fiiveu that in accordance j
with an Act of the General Assembly, the :
book3 for the registration of all legaily qua!i- j
fifd voter?, and for tbe i??iiinc of transfers, j
&c, will be upen H t the court house, between
the hours of 9 o'clo^*; a. rr. , und 3 o'clock :
p m.. on "he first Monday of each neon tb, !
sad for three successive days, until thirty
days i-eiore the r;?x< general election
Minors who stml! become of ?ge daring that ?
perio'5. of thirty days, shall be entitled to
registration before iii'- boci;s ure cosed, :f
o^-uerv.ise Qualified
W S. JAMES.
E. F HF ll Rt) WS,
J. M. KNIGHT.
May 12. Supervisors of Registration !
Land Surveying.
MR. H D MOISE, will give prompt at?
tention to calls for surveying and platting
land Can be found at bis office, next door
to office of Lee and Moise, Sumter, S. C.
NOT. 18.
Glenn Springs, S. ?.
Hotel Open from June 1 to October L
Large, well-ventilated roomsr Best sanitary arrangements,
?rst and second floors. Baths and electric bells.
Italian Band from June 1 to end of season. Glenn
Springs Railroad runs within 300 yards of the Hotel.
Glenn Springs Water has no Superior on the
"Continent.
Write for Certificates.
-tot
For rates of board, apply to
SIMPSON & SIMPSON.
Glenn Springs Water for sale in Sumter at the Drug Stores
of J. F. W. DeLorme. J. S. Hughson & Co., and A. J. China
Sold also by W. R. Dlgar. #
SEE THE EATEST
UNG MOWING M
E
Buy none but the Deering ; it is the
best up-to-date Mower.
MACHINERY OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS.
6
Sumter, S, C,
Neither will proclamations on dead
walls revive languishing trade.
NEWSPAPER ADVERTISING
Is the great
IHK-UBATOR
FOR HATCHING
OUT BUSINESS.
C
232 Meeting Street, Charleston, S. C.
STATE AGENTS FOR SALE OF
Wholesale Tin PUte
Stoves, jSgS^fP^ p^ilPrf?grfi Sheet Iron,
Tinwares, ^^^^^^^ ^ Tinner^
Heaters. : ?cd
Over 200 different styles of Cooking ard Heating Sicver. Also Oil Cockers and Heaters.
We waot, the lead?Dg mercbaot in every town in the State to seli our lines o?
Stoves. We guarantee full protection in bi- territory to each ggeot we appoint
If no! .?cid in your town send direct ru r.s f?-.r cut? ano prices.
Oct 27,
?m .m.?.i i .un a-B.mi.ii' 111 ? i twa i ? i II 111 ' in 11 - -- ra-?
MMMWM ?BITE & *
| gp). . . :,- I Fire insurance Agency
l-?pS ' ??111 ESTABLISHED 1866.
I"..,;:?K:?-:. *;ir. i ''. . :- 1 Represent, among other Companies :
; ; '?; ? \' '.. *'\ ' LIVERPOOL & LONDON & GLOBE,
; ;. ; . - ; ? ' . " '/", NORTH BRITISH & MERCANTILE
j-iioro..i y.:.---. ?.. ? ,;T/"/'-? HOME, of New York,
r.v/./>> /.; // . . > . I UNDERWRITERS'AGENCY, N. Y.
?Ctnnl clients it. y r .-: ? ? . ' ny LANCASTER INSURANCE CO.
?owu. wm? t.. gg^^gjgSg^' Capilal represented $75,000,000.
QpiH'ii' F'OCid OjUCK. WcshincUM. I* ? | Feb. 28