Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

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THE Watchman and Southron -EXTRA. SUMTER, S. C. "WEDNESDAY, DECEASES 18, IS95 TRK MW THE PEOPLE MUST KOW LIVE UNDER. i BOTT WEIL IBU pS?Sfi. JTue Full Text of South Carolina's New Organic Law as Adopted. o Following is the ii-li text cf the New Constitution, as finally adopted bv the recent South Carolina Con stitntionnl Co * ' " . * We, the people of the State o? Sonth Carolina, in Convention assem? bled, grateful to God for our liberties, Ho ordain and establish this Coastitu ?ion for the preservation and perpetu? ation, of the same. AETICLE L DECLAMATION OP EIGHTS. Section X. All political power is vested in and derived from the people only, therefore they have the right at all times to modify their form of gov? ernment. ?See. ii. Representation in the house of representatives shall be apportioned according to population. Sec. 3. The general assembly ought frequently to assemble for the redress .of grievances and for making new laws, ?s the common good may require. Sec 4. The general assembly shall make no law respecting an establish? ment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press; or ihe right of the people peaceably to ?assemble and to petition the govern? ment or any department thereof for a redress of grievances. Sec. 5. The privileges and immuni? ties of citizens of this State and of the Dnitea States under this Constitution shall not be abridged, nor shall any person be deprived of life, liberty or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the ?quai protection of the laws. Sec. 6. All property subject to tax? ation shall be taxed in proportion to .tts value. Seo. 7. No tax, subsidy, charge, .impost tax or duties shall be establish? ed, iixed, laid or levied, under any pretext whatsoever, without the con? sent of the prople or their representa? tives lawfully assembled. Sec. S. No bill of attainder, ex ..post facto law, law impairing the obli? gation of contracts, nor law granting any title of nobility or hereditary emo iument, shall be passed, and no con? viction shull work eonuption of blood or forfeiture of estate. Sec. 9. The right of suffrage, as re? gulated in this Constitution, shall be protected l'y law regulating elections and prohibiting, under adequate pen? alties, ail uudue iufiuences from pow? der, bribery, tumult or improper con? duct. Sec. 10. All elections shall be free -.and open, and every inhabitant of this State possessing the qualifications pro? vided for in this Constitution shall shave an equal right to elect officers and be elected to till public office. Sec. ll. No property qualification, .unless prescribed in this Constitution, shall t>e uecessary for an election to or ?the holding of any office. No person shall be elected or appointed to office in this State for iife or during good be? havior, but the terms of all officers shall be lor some specified period, ex ?cept notaries public and officers in the .militia. After the adoption of this Constitution any person who shall tight a duel or send or accept a challenge for that purpose, or be an aider or abetter in lighting a duel, shall be de? prived of ^olding any offi\ e of honor -or trust in this State, and shall be oth? erwise punished as the law shall pre? scribe. Sec. 12. Temporary absence frcm the State shall not forfeit a residence .once obtained. Seo. 13. The power of suspending the laws or the execution of the laws shall only be exercised by the general assembly or by its authority in par? ticular cuses expressly provided for bj it seo. 14. Ir: the government of this State the legislative, executive and judicial powers of thc government shall be forever separate and distinct from each other, and no person or persons exercising the functions of one of said ?departments shall a same or discharge the duties of any other. Sec 15. All courts shall be public, and every person shall have speedy ?emedy therein for wrongs sustained. . Sec. 16. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, pa- j pers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be vio? lated, and no warrant* sb di issue bnt Upon probable canse, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched and j the person or tiling to be seized. Sec. 17. No pei>ou shall be held to j answer for a:?y crime where the pun- I ishtnent exceeils a fine of $100 or im- i ^risonment for 30 days, with or with- j ont hard labor, unless on a prese: ment or indictment of a grand iury the county where the crime shall ba been committed, except in cases arisii in the land or naval forcea or iu t militia whoo in actual servi.e in tin of war or public danger; nor shall ai j person be subject for the same o:?eu ? to be twice put in jeopardy ot' li ie liberty, nor shall be compelled in ai criminal case to be a wi mess again himself. Private property sb:<ll not ' taken for privat? use without the co j sent of the owner, nor for public u I without just compensation being ?i made therefor. j Sec. IS. In all criminal prosee tions the accused shall enjoy the rig! to a speedy and public trial by an ii partial jury, and to be fully informe of the nature and cause of the accus tion; to be confronted with the wit nesses against him, to have compuls ry process for obtaining witnesses i his favor, and to be fully heard iu h defense by himself or by his couns or by both. Sec. 19. Excessive bail shall nt be required, nor excessive fices in posed, nor cruel and v.nusual punisi meuts inflicted, nor shall witnesses I treasonably detained. Corporal pur ishment shall not be inflicted. TL power to punish for contempt shall nt in auy case extend to imprisonment i tho State penitentiary. Sec. 20. Ail persons shall, befoi conviction, be bailable by suOicie: sureties, except for capital oifen&t when the proof is evident or the pr? sumption great. Sec. 21. lu all indictments or prc secutions for libel, the truth of the a. leged libel may be given in evidence and the jury shall be the judges of th law and the facts. ?ee. 22.. Treason against the Stat shall consist alone in levying war or i giving aid and comfort to enemie a?raiust the State. No person shall li held guilty of treason, except upo testimony of at least two witnesses ti the sameoveit act or upon confessio: in open court. Sec. 23. Tho privileges of the wri of habeas corpus shuli nob be suspend ed unless when, in case of insurrection rebellion or invasion, the public safe ty may require it. Sec. 24. No person shall be im prisoned for debt except in cases o fraud. Sec. 25. The right cf trial by jur shall be preserved inviolate. Sec. 2o. A well regukted militii being necessary to the security of i free State, the right of the people tc keep and bear arms shall not be in fringed. As in times of peace armies a?e dangerous to liberty, they shal not be maintained without the conseu of the general assembly. Tho militan power of the State shall always be heh in subordination to the civil authority and be governed by it. No soldier shall in time of peace be quartered ic any house without the consent of the owner, nor iu time of war but in the manner to be prescribed by law. Sec. 27. No-person shall in any case be subject to martial lav/ or to any pains or penalties by virtue of thal law, except those employed in the army aud na%ry of the United States, and except the militia in actual service, but by the authority of the general as? sembly. Sec. 2S. All navigable waters shall forever remain public highways, free to the citizens of the States and the United S ates without tax, impost or toll imposed: and no tax, toll, impost or wharfage shall be imposed, demand? ed or received from the owners of any merchandise or commodity for the use of the shores or any wharf erected on the shores or in or over the waters of any navigable stream unless the same be authorized by the general assembly. Sec. 29. The provisions of the Con? stitution shall be taken, deemed and construed to be mandatory and prohib? itory, and not merely directory, ex? cept where expressly made directory or permissory by it? own terms. AK'illOixE IL SIGHT OF SUFFRAGE. Section 1. All elections by the peo? ple shall be by ballot and elections shall never be held or the ballots counted in secret. Sec. 2. Every qualified elector shall be eligible to any office tobe vot? ed for, uuless disqualified by age as prescribed in this Constitution. But no person shall hold two offices of hon? or or protit at the same time, except that auy person holding another office may at the same time be an officer in the militia and a notary public. Sec. 3. Every male citizen of this State and of the Uuited States 21 years of age aud upwards, not laboring un? der the disabilities named in this Con? stitution ami pos.^essing the qualifica? tions required by it, shall bo au elec? tor. Sec. 4. The qualifications for suf? frage shall be as follows: (a) Kesideueo in tue State for two year?, ia the county one year, iu the polling precinct in which the elector oilers to vote four months, and the payment six months before any elec? tion of any poll tax then due aud pay? able; provided, however, th:tt minis? ters in charge of au organized church and teachers of pu i die schools shall be entitled to vote after six mouths resi? dence in the Statt , if otherwise quali? fied. (fe) Registration, which shall provide for the enrollment of every elector once iu ten years and also ??n enroll? ment dining each and every year of every elector not previously registered nuder the provisions of this article. (c) Up to January 1, 189S, ?ll male persons of voling age applying fori registration who ? read any section | m ifris Constitution HHomitted to them j by the registration oiiicer, or under- ! stand and explain !t \ h. u read to them by the registration o nicer shall-bc en? titled io register an 1 become electors. A separate record of u\\ parsons regis- ? tered bf fore January 1, 18?'8, sworn to j -M--ar? III 11'Mummt? ?iiiminimiinmao? by the registration officer shall be file one copy with the clerk of court ai one in the office of the secretary state, on or before February ?, IS!; and such persons shall remain duri: lifo qualified electors unless disqua fied by the other provisions of th article. The certificate of th? clerk i court or secretary ci' state shall 1 sufficient evidence to establish tl right of said citizens to any subs quent registration and the franchi under the limitations herein impose . (b) Auy person who shall apply f< registration after January 1st, ISdS. otherwise qualified, shall be registers provided, that he can both read ar write any section of this Constitutic submitted to him by the registiatic officer, or car? show that he owns ac has paid all taxes collectible durir the previous year on property in th Stute assessed at $390 cr more. (e) Managers of elections shall r> quire of every ejector offering to vol at any election, before allowing him 1 vote, proof of the pay mont of a tuxes, including poll tax, assesse against him and collectible during tl previous year. The production of certificate or of the receipt of tl officer authorized to collect such tax( shall be conclusive proof of the pai ment thereof. (i) The general assembly shall, prc vide for issuing to each duly registere elector a certificate of registration an shall provide for the renewal of sue certi?cate when lost, mutilated c destroyed, if the applicant is still qualified elector under the provision of this Constitution, or if he has bec registered as provided in snbsectio to Sec. 5. Any person denied registra tion shall have the right to appeal t tho court of common pleas or an judge thereof, and thence to th supreme court, to determine his righ to vote under the limitation impose in this article, and on such appeal th hearing sh?ll be de novo and th general assembly shall provide by la1 for such appeal and for the correctio of illegal and fradulent registration voting and all other crimes against th election laws. {Sec. 6. The following persons ar disqualified from being registered o votiug: First. Persons convicted of burg lary, arson, obtaining goods or mono under false pretenses,perjury, forgery robbery, bribery, adultery, bigamy wife-beating, housebreaking, receivin; stolen goods, breach of trust wit] fraudulent intent, fornication,sodomy incest, assault with intent to ravish miscegenation, larceny or crime against the election laws; provided that the pardon of the governor sha! remove such disqualification. Second. Persous who are idiots, in sane, paupers supported at tho publn expense, and persons confined in an^ public prison. Sec. 7. For the purpose of voting no pe!Son shall be deemed to hav< gained or lost a residence by reason o his presence or absence while employ ed in the service of the Umted States nor while engaged in the navigatioi of the waters of this State, or of th< United States, or the high ecr.s, no' while a student of any institution o. learning. Sec. 8. The general assembly sha! provide by law for the registration o: all qualified electors and shali pre^ scribe the manner of holding election: and of ascertaining the results of th< same; pro\i?led, at the first registra tion under this Constitution, and until the 1st of January, 1898, the registra? tion shall he conducted by a boar?! of three disreeet persons in each county, to be appointed by tho gov? ernor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate. For the first registration to be provided for uudei this Constitution, the registration books shall be kept open for at least six consecutive weeks, and' thereafter from time to time at least one week in each mouth, up to 30 daya next pre? ceding the first election to be held nu? der this Constitution. The registra? tion bonks 6hali be public records open to the inspection of any citizen at all times. Sec. 9. The general assembly shall provide for the establishment of pol? ling preciucts in the several counties of the State and those now existing snail so continue until abolished or changed. Each elector shall be required to \ote at his own precinct, but pro? vision shall be made for his transfer to another precinct upon his change of residence. Sec. 10. The general assembly shall provide by law for the regulation of pa:ty primary elections and punishing fraud at the same. Sec. ll. The registration books shall close at least 30 d iys before an elec? tion, during which time transfers and registiaiion shall not be legal; pro? vided, persons wno will become ot age during that period shall he entitled to registration bet?re the boohs are closed. Sec. 12. Electors in municipal elec? tions sh:dl poss? ss the qualifications and be subject to the disqualifications her* in prescribed. The production of a certificate of registration from the ; registration officers of the county as an j elector at a precinct incl mied in the j incorporated city or town in which the voter desires to vote is declared a condition prerequisite to his obtaining a certificate of registration for muni- j ci pal elections, and in addition he must have been a resident within the j corporate limits at least four months before the electiou and have paid all! taxes due ?nd collectible for the pre- J Cooing fiscal ye ir. The general as? sembly .'??.id pi ??vide for the registra- I tion of all Vt .tera before ea li election j in municipalities; provided, that noth? ing h> rein contained -hull apply to any ; nmnicij al elections which may be 1: ld I p?ior to thc general election of tho ? vefir 1 v-!?. ec. 1 . in authorising a special e.eeuon in any incorporated city or ' ?.town, in this State for the purpose of bonding the same, the general assem ; b?y shall prescribe as a condition pre? cedent to tho holding of said election j a petition from a majority of the free? holders of said city or town as shown i by its tux books, and at such elections ail eltctors of such city or town who are daly quati?Ted for voting under sec jtion 12 of f* article, and who have ! paid all ta i. State, county and ; municipal, for the previous year, sin:]! ? be allowed to vote, and the vote of a j majority of those voting in said elec? tions shall be necessary to authorize the issue of said bonds. See. ii. Electors shall in all cases j except treason, felony or breach of the 1 peace, bc privileged from arrest on I the days of election during their afc ? tendance at the polls and going and re i turning therefrom. j Sec. 15. No power, civil or military, I shall at auy time interfere to prevent 1 the free exercise of the right of suf? frage in this State. ! ARTICLE Ul. LEGISLATIVE DEI.AET3?ENT. Section 1. The legislative power of this State shall bd vested in two distinct branches, the one to be styled the "Senate," aud the other the "House of Representatives," and both together the "General Assembly of the State of South Carolina." Sea 2. The house of representatives shall be composed of members chosen by ballot every second year by citizens of this State, qualified as in this Con? stitution is provided. Sec. 3. Tue house of representatives shall consist of 124 members, to be ap? portioned among the several counties according to the number of inhabitants contained in each. Each county shall constitute one election district. An enumeration of the inhabitants for this purpose shall be made in the year 1901, and shall bc made m the course of every 10th year thereafter, in such man? ner as shail be by law directed: Pro? vided, that the general assembly may at auy time, in its direction, adopt the immediately preceding United States census as a true and correct enumera? tion of the inhabitants of the several counties, and make the apportionment of representatives among thc several counties according to said enumeration: Provided, further, that until the appor? tionment which shail be nmde upon the next enumeration shall take effect, the representation of the several counties as they now exist (including the county ? of Saluda established by ordinance) j shall be as follows: Abbeville, 5; Aiken, 3; Anderson, 5; Barnwell, 5; Beaufort, 4; Berkeley, 4; Charleston. 9; Chester, 3; Chesterfield, 2; Claren? don 3; Colletnn, 4; Darlington, 3; Edgct?eld. 3; Fairfield, 3; Florence, 3; Georgetown, 2; Greenville, 5; Hamp? ton, 2; Horry, 2; Kershaw, 2; Lan? caster, 2; Laurens, 3; Lexington, 2; Marion, 3; Marlboro, 3; Newberry, 3; Cconee, 2; Orangeburg, o; Pickens, 2; Richland, 4; Saluda, 2; Spartanburg, 6; Sumter, 5; Union, 3; Williamsburg, 3; York, 4; Provided, further, that lu the event other counties are hereafter established, theu the general assembly shail reapportion the representatives between the counties. Sec. 4. In assigning repr?sentatives to the several counties, the general assembly shall allow one representative to every one hundred and twenty-fourth part of the whole number of inhab? itants in the State: Provided, that if in toe apportionment of representatives any county shall appear not to be en? titled, from its population, to a repre? sentative, such county shall, never I theless send one representative; and j if there be still a deficiency in the I number of representatives required by section third of this article, such de? ficiency shall be supplied by assigning representatives to those counties hav? ing the largest su Ipi us fractions. Sec. 5. No apportionment of repre? sentatives shall take effect until the general election which shall succeed such apportionment. See. ?. The senate shall be composed of one member from each county, to be elected f<?r the term of four years by the qualified electors iu each county, in the same mauner iu which members of the house of representatives are chosen. Sec. 7. No person shall be eligible to a seat in the senate or house of repre? sentatives wh > at the time of hie elec? tion, is not a duly qualified elector nuder this Constitution in tho county in which he may be choseu. Senators shall oe at least 25 and representatives at least 21 years of age. Sec. 8. The first election for mem? bers of the house of representatives un 1er this Constitution shall be held <?n Tuesday afetr the first ??onday in November, 189o.and every second year ?herealter, iu such manner and tnsnch j Kees as the general assembly may prescribe.; and thu ii rsi; eleetio J for senators sim li be held on Tues.lay after the first .Mouiia .' iu November, ii) ".??'>, and ( Very fourth year t-hereaiter ex? cept in counties ia which there was an eb dion for senator in 189? for a full term, in which counties no election for senator shall bc neid natil the general election to l>o held in 1S93 and every foui ih year thereafter, except to fill vacancies. Senators shall be so classi? fied that one-half of th--;:- number, as near.'y as practicable, shail bo chosen every two years. Whenever the g?'? eral assembly shall establish more thau one county at any session, shall so prescribe the first term of the senators from s ich CO un ti as to observe such classific itioii. See. 9. The annual session of the general assembly heretofore elected, ? fixed bv the Constitution ol' ti>o V? ar ! IS'iS to convene on tue ion;*.!' '"ees-: clay ot iXovcuiber, iii tue year, ....??>, is : herebe postponed, a:-.i the same shall ! be convenes.] a:?d held in the city of j (columbia OM thc S-COM! V::e.'iv in j Fat* Harv, \\\ th - y<;ir iSi?f:. ?!: first ;essto:j of the g< ne ?ss: m-ny elected m dei this constitution shall eon vene ' in Columbia on the second Tuesday in January, in the year 1897, and there? after annually at the same time and place. Should the casualties of war or contagious diseases render it unsafe to meet at the scat of government then the governor may by proclamation ap? point a more secure and convenient place of meeting. Members of the general assembly shall not receive any j compensation for more than forty days j ot any one session: Provided, that j this limitation shall not affect the first four sessions of the general assembly under this constitution. Sec. 10. The terms of office of the I senators and representatives chosen at I a general election shall begin on the Monday following such election. .-iee. ll. Each house shall judge of the election returns and qualifications of its own members, ar.d a majority of each house shall constitute a quorum to i do business: but a smaller number may j adjourn from day today, and may j compel the attendance of absent mem- j hers, in such manner and under such j penalties as may be provided by law j I or rule. ! Sec. 12. Each house shall cheese its own officers, determine its rules of procedure, punish its members for dis? orderly behavior, and, with the con- j currenee of two-thirds, expel a mern ber, bat not a second time for th:) same cause. Sec. Vd. Each house may punish by imprisonment during its sitting any person not a member who shall be guilty of disrespect to the house by any disorderly contemptuous behavior i in its presence, or who, during the time of its sitting, shall threaten harm to the body or estate of any member for anything said or doue in either house, or who shall assault them there? for or who shall assault or arrest any witness or other person ordered to at- : tana the house in his going thereto or ? returning therefrom, or who shall res? cue any person arrested by order of ', the boase: Provided, that such time of imprisonment shall not in any case. extend beyond the session of the gen? eral assembly. Sec. 14. The members of both houses shall be protected in their per? sons and estates during their attend? ance on. going to and returning from the general assembly, aid 10 ?lays pre : vio ns to the sitting and 10 days after the adjournment thereof. But these privileges shall not protect any mem? ber who shall be charged with treason, felony or breach of the peace. Sec. 15. Bills for raising revenue shall origin te in the house of repre? sentatives, but may be altered, amend? ed or rejected by the senate; all other : bills may originate in either house, and may be amended, altered or re? jected by the other. See. lo*. The style of all laws shall be: "Be it enacted by the general as? sembly of the State of South Carolina." Sec. 17. Every act or resolution having the force of law shall relate to but one subject, and that shall bo ex? pressed iu the title. Sec. IS. No bili or joint resolution shall have the force of la.v until it shall ; have be?iU read throe times and on three several days in each house, has had the great seal of the State affixed to it, and has been signed by the pres--, d -.ut of the senate and the speaker of the house of representatives: Provid? ed, that either branch of the general assembly may provide by rule for a : first and third readiug of any bill or joint resolution by its title only. Sec. 19. Each member of thegeneral assembly shall receive five cents for every milo for the ordinary route of travel in going to and returning irom the place where its sessions are held; no general assembly shall have the power to increase the per diem of its own members; and members of the general assembly when convened in extra session shall receive the same compensation as is fixed by law for the regalar session. Sec. 20. In ail elections by the gen? eral assembly, or either house thereof, the members shall vote "viva voce,M and their votes, thus given, shall be entered upon the journal of the house to which they respectively belong. Sec. 21. Neither house, during the session of the general assembly, shall, without consent of tho other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which it shall be at the time sitting. Sec. 22. Each house shall keep a journal of its own proceedings, and cause the same to be published im? mediately after its adjournment, ex? cepting such parts as, in its judgment, may require secrecy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either house, on any question, shall, at the desire of ten members of the .house or five members of the senate, respective- ; ly. be entered on thc journal. Iny i member o: either boase shall IMVV liberty to dissent from and pro est against any ac'., or resolution which he may think injurious to the public orto aa LU iividual, and have the reasons of hisdisseut entend on the journal. Sec. 23. The doors of each house shall be open, except on saca occasions as in the opinion of the house may re qnire secrecy. Sec. 2i. Xo person shall be eli gig'e to a seat in the general assembly while he holds any office or position of profit or trust under this State, the United States of America, or any of them, or under any oilier power, ex ? cept officers ia the militia aa i notaries public; ?nd if any member shall accept or exercise any of thc said disqualify? ing offices or positions he shad vacate his seat. Sec. 25. If any election district shall neglect to choose a member or j uiemberH on the day of election, or if j anv person chbseti a mci iber of ? ither j boase s.miil refuse to qualify and t die his scat, or shall resign, dm, deoart ? {.!<. otate, accept any Uisqiuiiliving ot lice or position, or become o thc* wise j disonaiilicd io hold h.? sc.::, a writ of i ciecliou shall ne issued oy the pivgi- ? dent of the senate or speaker of the house of representatives, as the case may be, for the purpose of filling the vacancy thereby occasioned for the re? mainder of the term for which the per? son so refusing to qualify, resigning, dying, departing tho ?State, or becom? ing disqualified, was elected to serve, or the defaulting election district ought to have chosen a member or member*: S* e. y\, Members of the general assembly, and all o?icexs, before they enter upon the duties of their respec? tive of?iees, and ali members of the bar, before they enter upon the practice of their profession, shall take and sub? scribe the following oath: "I do sol? emnly swear (or ailinn) that I a,m duly qualified, according to the Constitu? tion o? this State, to exercise the du? ties of the office to which I have been elected, (or a..pointed) aud that I will, to the best of my ability, discharge the duties thereof, and preserve, pro? tect and defend the Constitution of this State and of the United States. I do further solemnly swear (or affirm} that I have not since the first day of .Jrnuary, ia the year eighteen hundred and eighty-one, engaged in a duel as principal or second or otherwise; and that I will not, during the term of office to whim I have been elected (or appoint? ed) engage ia a duelas principal or sec? ond or otherwise so help me God." The 27. Officers shali be removed for incapacity, misconduct or neglect of duty, ia such manner as may be provided by law, when co mode cf trial or removal is provided in this Constitntion. Sec. 28. The general assembly shali enact- such laws will exempt from at? tachment, levy and sale under any; mesne or final process issued from any: court, to the head of the family resid? ing in this State, a homestead in lands,: whether held in fee or any lesser es? tate, to the value of $1,000, orso much thereof as the property is worth if its value is less than ?1,000, with the' yearly products thereof, and to every; head of a. family residing in this State, whether entitled to a homestead ex? emption in lauds or not, persona' prop? erty to thc* value of ?300, or so much thereof as the property is worth if its value is less than ?300. The title to the homestead to bo set off and assigned shall be absolute and be forever dis? charged from all debts of the said debtor then existing or thereafter con? tracted except as hereinafter provided: Provided, That in case any woman having a separate estate shall be mar? ried to the head of a family who has nor, of his own sufficient property to constitute a homestead as hereinbefore provided, said married woman shall be entitled to a like exemption as pro? vided for the head of the family: Pro? vided, further. That there shall not be an allowance of more than SI .000 worth of real esl t.- and .-norethan 3300 worth of personal property to the hus? band and wife jointly: Provided, fur? ther, That no propertysball be exempt from attachment, levy or sale for taxes, or for payment o? obligations contract? ed for the purchase of sui 1 homestead or personal property exemption or the erection or making of improvements or repairs thereon: Provided, further, That the yearly products of said home stead shail not be exempt from attach? ment, levy or sale for the payment of obligations contracted in the ^redac? tion, of the same: Provided, further, That no waiver shall defeat the right of homestead before assign ment except it be by deed of conveyance, or by mortgage, and only as against the mortgage debt; and no judgment cred? itor or other creditor whose lien does not bind the homestead shall have any right or equity ?o require that a lien which embraces the home? stead and other property shall first exhaust the homestead: Provided, further, That after a homestead in lauds has been set oiFand recorded the same shall not be waived by deed of conveyance, mortgage or otherwise, unless the samo be executed by both husoand and wife, if both be living: Provided, further, That any person not the head of a family shall be en? titled to a like exemption as provided for the head of a family iu all necessa? ry wearing apparel and tools and im? plements of trade, not to exceed in value the sum of ?300. Sec. 2;). All taxes upon property; real and personal, shall be laid upon the actual value of the property taxed as the same shall be ascertained by an assessment made for the purpose of laying such tax. Sec. 3d. The general assembly shali never grant extra compensation, fee or allowance to any public officer, agent, servant or contractor after service ren? dered, or contract made, nor author? ize payment or part payment of any claim under any contract not author? ized by la v; but appropriations may be made fur expenditures in repelling invasion, preventing or suppressing in? surrection. Sec. 31. Lands belonging to or un? der the control of the State shall never be donated, directly or indirectly, to private corporations or individuals, or to railroad com panies. Nor shall such land be sold to corporations, or as? sociations, for a less price than that for vhich it can be sold to individuals. This, however, shali not prevent the general assembly norn granting a righi of way, not exceeding 150 feet in in width, as a mere easement to rail? roads aeross State lauds, nor to inter? fere with the discretion of the general assembly in confirming the title to lands claimed to belong to the State, bnt used or possessed by other partied under an adverse claim. Sec. The g?nerai assembly shall not authorize payment to auy person of the salary o? a d 'ceas ? o?lieer be? yond th ; date of io-; de.-:*h; nor gran! pensions exe? pt for mihi try aud naval service; no~ retire any ofiicer on pay or part pay. Sec. 33. Thc marriage of a white perron with a negro br mulatto, or person who shall have one-eighth oi more negro blood, shall ?JO unlawful