Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

fefces place shall, without regard the conduct of the officers, be hable Exemplary damages of not less th $2,000 to the legal representatives the person lynched: Provided, inrlhc That any county agaiust which a jud ment bas been obtained for damages ?ny case of lynching shall have t right to recover the amount of sa Judgment from the p rties engaged ?aid lynching in any court of compete jurisdiction. ARTICLE YIX COUNTIES AND COUNTY GOVERNMENT Sec. 1. The general assembly mi establish new counties in the followii manner: Whenever one-third of tl qualified electors within the area each section of an old county propose CD be cut off to form a new coun t?hall petition the governor for tl creation of a new comity, setting fori fhe boundaries and showing comp] ance with the requirements of this a tide, the governor shall order an eie tion, within a reasonable time ther after, by the qualified electors withi the proposed area, in which eleetic they shall vote 4'Yes" or "No" upc the question of creating said ne county; and at the same electioa tl question of a name and a county se: for such county shall be submitted 1 the electors. Sec. 2. If two-thirds of the qualifie electors voting at such ejection sha . vote '"Yes" upon such questions, the the general assembly at the next st-s ?on shall establish such new county Provided. No section, of the count proposed to be dismembered shall t thus cut off without consent by a tw< thirds vote of those voting in such sec tion; anti no county shall be forme without complying with all the cond: tions imposed m tuis arricie. An e!e< tion upon the question cf forming th Same proposed new county shail no be held oftener than once in iou years. Sec. 3. No new county hereafte formed shall contain less than one on hundred and twenty-fourth part of th whole number of inhabitants of th State, nor shall it have less assessei taxable property than $1,500,000 a ?hewn by the last tax returns, LO: Shall it contain less area than 40t square miles. Sec. 4. No old county shall be re dnced to less urea than 5u0 squar? miles, to less assessed taxable proptr ty than $2,000,000, nor to asmulle: population than 15,000 inhabitants. Sec. 5. In the formation of nev counties no old county shail be cn within eight miles of its courthous* -building. Sec. 6. All new counties here after forinevi shall bear a just appor ti?nment of the valid iud* bim ss of tht old county or counties from which thej have been for u.ed. Sec. 7. The general assembly sha! have the power to alter couuty lines at any time: Provided, That before any existing county line is alteied thc ?question shall be first submitted to tht qualified electors of the territory pro? posed to be taken from one county and given to another, and shall have re? ceived two-thirds of the votes cast: Provided, further, That the change ?snail not reducv the county from which the territory is taken below the limits prescribed in sections 3, 4 and 5 oi this article: Provided, That the prop? er proportion of the existing county indebtedness of the section so trans? ferred shall be assumed by the couuty to which the territory is transferred. Sec. 8. No county seat shall be re? moved except by a vote ol' two-thirds of the quahiied electors of said county votiugiu au election held for that pur? pose, but such election shall not be held in any county oitener than orce in five vears. -Ns. Sec. i). Each county shall constitute one election district, and shall be a t)ody politic and corporate. Sec. 10. The general assembly may provide for the consolidation of two or more existing counties if a majority of the qualified eh ctol s of such coun? ties voting at au election held for that purpose shall vote separately there?or, but such election bindi not bo held Oftener than once in lour years in the came counties. ?Sec. ll. Each of the several town? ships of this State, with names and boundaries as now established by law, shail constitute a body politic and cor? porate, but this shall uot prevent the general assembly fi oui organizing other townships or changing the boum taries O? those alreaoy estai dished; and tue general assembly may provide such systt-m of township government as it ! shall think proper iu any and all the I counties, and may make special provis- j iou for municipal government and for j the protection of chartered rights and powers of municipalities. Sec. 12. Until changed by the gen? eral assembly, as allowed by th?s Con? stitution toe boundaries of the several Counties shall remain as now estab? lished, except, that tue boundaries of the county of Eu^efieM sh .b undergo such changes as are made necessary by the loruiation of a new conn iv from a portion of Edgefield, to U- known as ?Saluda, the boundaries of which are set forth in a Constant onal ordinance. The election ordered iu said ordinance for the location oi its county seat shall be held under the Cons itu rion and laws now of force. Ano the general assembly shall provide for tiie assess? ment of pioperty iu the county of Saluda for the fis.-ai y<ar beginning January 1st, 1SJG, ami for the collec? tion of said laxes when assessed. Sec. 13. The geneial-assembly mav at any time arrauge the varions coun? ties into judicial circuits, und into congressional distiicts, including the . county of SJ'.du, as it may deem wise and proper, and may establish or j?Jt? r the location of voting precincts in any county. Sec. 14. Hereafter no couuty lines shdi be So established to pass through any incorporated city or town of this State. { ARTICLE YUL MTNICIPAIi C0RP0P.ATI0NS AND POLICE REGULATIONS. Section 1. The genera! assembly shall provide by general laws for the organization and classification of mu? nicipal corporations. The powers of each class shall be defined so that no such corporations shall have any pow? ers or be subject to an} restrictions j other than all corporations of the same j class. Cities and towns now existing j under special charters may re-organize j under the general laws of the ??tate, j aud when so re-organized their special! charters shall cease and determine. Sec. ii. No city or tbwn shall be or- j ganized without tho consent of the majority of thc electors residing and entitled by law to vote within the dis? trict proposed to be incorporated; such consent to be ascertained in the man? ner and under such regulations as may be prescribed by law. Sec. 3. The general assembly shall restrict the powers of cities and towns tc levy taxes and assessments, to bor? row money and to contract debts, and no tax or assessment shall be levied or debt contra ted except in pursuance of law, for public purposes specified by law. Sec. 4. Ko law shall be passed by the general assembly granting the right to construct and operate a street or other railway, telegraph, telephone or electric plant, or to erect water or gas works for public use or to lay mains for auy purpose, without first obtain? ing the consent of the local authorities in control of the streets or public places proposed to be occupied for any such or like purposes. Sec. 5. Cities and towns may ac? quire, by construction or purchase, and may operate water works systems and plants for furnishing lights, and may furnish water and lights to indi? viduals, firms and private corporations for reasouabie compensation: Provid? ed, that no such construction or pur? chase shall be made except upon a ma? jority vote of the electors in said cities or towns who are qnalified to vote on the bonded indebtedness of said cities or towns. Sec. 6. The corporate authorities of cities and towns in this State shall be vested \?th power to assess and collect taxes for corporate purposes, said taxes to be unifojin in respect to ja-rsons and property within the juris uietion of the body composing the same; and all the property exet pt such as is exempt by law, within the limits of cities and tow us shall be taxed for the payment of debts contracted under au tuority of law. License os: privileged taxes imposed shall be graduated so as to secure a just imposition of such tax upon the classes subject thereto. Sec. 7. No city or town in thisStaie shall hereafter incur any bonded debt, wnich, including existing bonded in? debtedness, shall exceed 8 per centum of the assessed value of the taxable property therein, and no such debt ?nail be created without submitting the question as to the creation thereof to tue qualified electors of such city or town, as provided in this Constitution for su-ih special elections; and unless a majority of such electors voting on the question shail be in favor of creating such further bonded debt, none shall be created; Provided, that this section snail not be construed to prevent tue issuing of certificates or. indebtedness m anticij ation ot the collection of taxes for amounts actually contained or to be contained in the taxes for the year when such certificates are issued and payable ont of such taxes: And provided, further, that such cities and towns shall on the issuing of such bonus create a sinking lund for the re? demption thereof at maturity. Noth? ing herein contained shall prevent the is.-uing of bonds to au amount sufficient to reiund bonded indebtedness exist? ing at ihe time of the adoption of this Constitution. v'ec. S. Cities and towns may exempt irom taxation, by general or special ordinance, except for school purposes, manufactories established within their limits for five successive years from the time of the establishment of suchmau Uiactories: Prouued, that such ordi? nance shail be first ratified by a ma? jority of such qualified electors of such city or town as shall vote at an elec? tion held for that purpose. Sec. 9. No armed police force or representatives of a detective agency shall ever be brought into this State ior the suppression of dorntstic vio? lence; nor any other armed or unarmed Dody of men be brought in for that purpose, exc? pt upon the application of inc general assembly or of the ex? ecutive of this State (when the gener? al assembly is not in session,) a> pro? vided in the Constitution ol the United States. The general assembly shrill provide proper penalties for the en? forcement of the provisions of this section. See. 10. It shall be the duty of the general assembly to create boards ol' nea.th wherever they muy be neces? sary, giving to them powcrandauthor? ity to m.-.ke such regulations as shall protect the health of tho Communitv and abate nuisances. Sec. l l. In the exercise of the po? lice po*1 er the general assembly shail have the right to prohibit the manu? facture uud side and ret s il of alcoholic liquors or beverages within the State. Tue general assembly may license per? sons or corporations to manufacture anti sell and retail alcoholic liquors cr beverages within the State under such rides aud restrictions as it deems prop-j er; or the g- nera\assembly may pro- ! inuit tht! wauuiacture and sale and re? tail of alcoholic liquors and beverage?* w.thin the State, and may authorize anti empower ihe Sotte, county and municij al officers, ail or either, under tue authority arni in the uai ie ot the State, to buy in any market ami retad wu inn tin- State I np io: s ?ind beverages in su?*h packages and quantities, un? der such rules and te.:ululions, as lt deems expedient; Provided, that no li cense shall be granted to sell alcoholic beverages in less quantities than one half pint, or to sell them between sun? down and sunrise, or to sell them to be drunk on the premises: And provided, further, that tho general assembly shall not delegate to any municipal corporation the power to issue licenses to sell the same. Sec. 12. Ail prize-fighting is prohib? ited in this State, and the general as :-. rnluy shall provide by proper laws for the prevention and punishment of the same. \ ARTICLE IX ! COKPOBATIONS. Section 1. The term corporation as used in this article includes all associa- ' tions and joint stock companies having powers and privileges not possessed by individuals or partnerships and ex? cludes municipal corporations. Sec. 2. No charter of incorporation shall be granted, changed or amended by special law, except in tbs case of such charitable, educational, penal or reformatory cor]?orations as may be under the control of thc State, or may be provided for in this Constitution, but the general assembly shall provide by general laws for changing or amend? ing existing charters, and for the or? ganization of ail corporations here-; after to be created, and any such law so passed, as well as all charters now existing or hereafter created, shall be subject to future repeal or alteration; provided, that the general assembly may by a two-thirds vote of each h<?nse on a concurrent resolution allow a bill for a special charter to he introduced, and when so introduced may pass the same as other bills. Sec. 3. All railroad, express, canal and other corporations engaged in transportation for hire and all tele- ? graph and other corporations engaged in the business of transmitting intelli? gence for hire are common carriers in their respective lines of business, and are subject to liability and taxation as such. It shall be unlawful for any such corporation to make any contract relieving it of its common law liabil? ity or limiting the same, in reference to the carriage of passengers. Sec. 4. Every corporation organized or doing business in this State, other than religions, educational or benevo? lent asset iations, shall hav e an d maintain at least one a^ent in this State upon whom process may be served, ard at ieast one public office for the transac? tion of its business. Provided, This section shall not apply to mercantile corporations: Provided, That nothing conta-.ned in this section shall be con? strued to prohibit the general assem- : bly from providing for the service of process on any agent of a corporation so as to bind such coporation. Sec. 5. No discrimination in charges or facilities for, tiansportation of the same classes of freight or pas? sengers, or for the transmission of in? telligence within this State, or coming from or going to any other State, shad be made by any railroad or other transpoitation or transmission conrpa ny between places or persons. Persons and property transj^orted by any railroad or any other transpor? t?t: nu or transmission company or cor? poration, shall be delivered at any station, landing or port at charges not exceeding the charges for the trans? portation of persons and property of the same class, in the same direction, to any more distant station, binding or port. Excursion and commutation tickets may be issued at special rates. This section shad not prevent the rail? road commission from making such competive rates as shall, in their jndg-' ment, be just and equitable between the railroads and the public, at ali 1 functional and competive points or at points where water competition con? trols the traffic or at points where the competition of points located in other States may make necessary the pre? scribing of different rates for the pro? tection of the commerce of this State. Sec. (>. Any railroad or other trans? portation corporation, and any tele? graph or other transmitting corpora? tion, organized under the laws of this State, shudl have the right to connect its roads or lines, afc the State line, with those in other States, and shall have the right to intersect with or cross any other railroad, street railway, trans i portation road or transmitting line, and shall each receive and transport the freight, passengers, cars (loaded or empty) and messages delivered to it by another without delay or dis? crimination. Sec. 7. No railroad, or other trans? portation company, and no telegraph or other transmitting corporation, or the lessees, purchasers or managers of any such corporation, shall consolidate the stock, property or franchises ot' such corporation with, or lease or pur? chase the works or franchises of, or in any way control, any other railroad or other transportation, telegraph or other transmitting company owning or hav? ing under its control a parallel or com? peting line; and the question whether railroads or other transportation, tele? graph or other transmitting companies are parallel or competing lines shall, when demand', d by the party com? plainant, be decided by a jury as in otln-r civil causes. Sec. 8. Tiie cen eral assembly shall not grant to any foreign corporation or association a license To build, oper? ate or lease ?my railroad in this State; butin al! cas s where a railroad is to be built or operated, or is now being operated, in this Stute, and the same shall be partly in this Stat?.* and partly in alioth- r State, or in oilier States, the owners or projectors thereof shall lirst become incorporated under thc law s of this State; nor sind! any for? eign corporation or 'association I ease or operate any railroad in this State, or pundi use tiie same or any i nit rest there? in. Consolidai iou o? any railroad lines and corporatious iu tins Stute with tithers sh>dI he ?lloved only where the consolidated com j any shail become a domestic corporation of this State. No J genera] or sp?cial law shall ever ' passed for the benefit of any forei? corporation operating a railroad und an existing license o? this State or n der itny existing lease, ami no grant any rieht or privilege aud no exem tion from any burden shall be made any such foreign corporation, exce upon ihe condition that the owners stockholders thereof shall first orga ize a corporation in this State und the laws thereof, and shall thereat'! operate and manage the same and ti business thereof under said domes>1 charter. Sec. 9. The general assembly shi have no power to grant any sped charter for backing purposes, but cu porations or associations may be fori ed for such purposes under genex laws, with snch privileges, powers a? limitations, not inconsistent with th Constitution, as it may deem prope The general assembly shall provide 1 law for the thorough examination ar inspection of all banking and fisc corporations of this State. Sec. 10. Stock or bonds thal! n be issued by any corporation save f< labor done, or money or proper: actually received or subscribed; ar all fictitious increase of stock or i: dehtedness shail be void. Sec. ll. The general assembly sha provide by law for the election of d rectors, trustees or managers of a corporations so that each stookboid< shail be allowed to east, in person ( by proxy, as many votes as thc mimbi of shares he owns multiplied by tl number of directum, tm ste* es or mai agers to be elected, the same tobe ca for any one candidate or to be distrii uted among two or more candidates. Sec. 12. Corporations shall not ei gage in any business except that spec fically authorized by their charters c necessarily incident thereto. Sec. lo. The general assembly sha enact laws to prevent ail trusts con lunations, contracts and agreeraem against the public welfare; and topr< vent abuses, unjust discriminations an extortion in all charges of transpor ing and transmitting companies; an shall pass laws for the supervision an regulation of such companies by con mission or otherwise, and shall provicl adequate penalties, to the extent, i necessary for that purpose, of forfeit ure of their franchises. Sec. 14. A commission is hereby es tablished to be known as "the railroa commission," which shall be comp >se< of not less than three members, whos powers over all transporting and trans milting corporations, aid unties, man ner of election and term of office sha] be regulated by ?aw; aud until other wise provided by law the said commis sioners shall have the same powersam jurisdiction, perform the same dutie and receive the same compensation a now conferred, prescribed andallowet by law to the existing railroad commie sioners; provided, that the member thereof shull be elected at the expira tion of the terms of the present rail road commissioners, who are hereby continued in office for the terms fo: which they were elected. Sec. 15. Every employee of an^ railroad corporation shail have th< same rights and remedies for any in jury suffered by him from the act or omissions of said corporation or it: ex] levees, as are allowed by law tt other persons not employees, when th< injury results from the negligence of i superior agent or officer, or of a per son having a right to control or direct tne services of a party injured, ami also when tho injury results from thc negligence of a fellow servant engag?e in another department of labor from that of the party injured, cr of a fel? low servant ou another train of cars, or one engaged about a di fi?rent piece of work. Knowledge by any employee injured of the defective or unsafe character or condition of any machin? ery, v. ays or appliances shall be no defence to an action for injury caused thereby, except to conductors or en? gineers in charge of dangerous or un? safe cars or engines voluntarily opera? ted by them. When death ensues from any injury to employees, the legal or personal representative s of the person injured shall have the same right and remedies as are allowed by law to such representatives ot other persons. Any contract or agreement, expressed or implied, made by any ern- loyee to waive the benefit of this section shall be null and void; and this section shall not be consumed to deprive any employee of a corporation, or Iiis legal or personal representa? tive, of any remedy or right that he now has by the law o: the ?and. Thc general assembly may extend the rem edi-s lie: ein provided for to any other elliss or emt levees. Sec. 1(>. All existing charters or grants of corporate franchise under which organizations have not in good frith taken place at the adoption ol' this Constitution shall be subject to the provisions of this article. See. .17. The general assembly shall n< vi r remit the forfeiture of the fran? chise of any corporation now char? tered, nor alter nor amend the charter thereof, nor pass any general or spe? cial law for the benefit of such cor p .ration, except upon the condition that such corporation shail thereafter hool its charter and franchise subject to the previsions of this Constitution, and the accej tance by any corporation of any provision of any such laws or the taking of any benefit or advantage from thc same siiili be conclusively bel i an agreement by snell corporation to hohl its ehartr-r and franchise under thu prec isions of this article. Sec. 18. The stockholders of nil in? solvent corporations shad be individu? ally liable to the creditors then ol' only to the extent of tin- amount v' mailling due to tue cori oration upon the .-to"k : owned by th, :i : Provided, That stock? holders in banks or banking institu j Ino.s nindi be liable lo depositors ti?e: ein in a sum equal in amount to th. ir stock over and above the face! value ol the same. Sec. 19. NothiDg prohibited in thii article shall be permitted to be done bj any corporation or company, person." or person, either for its or their owi benefit or otherwise, by its or theil ? holding or controlling in its or theil own name or otherwise, or in the nain? of any other person or persons, or oth? er corporation or company whatsoever, a majority of the capital stock, or ol bonds having voting power, of any rail? road or transportation company, o] corporation created by or existing un iler tho laws of this State, or doini business within this State. Sec. 20. No iii;ht of way shall b< appropriated to the use of any corpor ation until tull compensation thereto] shall be first made to the owner, or se? cured by a deposit of money, irrespec? tive of any benefit from any improve ment proposed by such corporation, which compensation shall be ascer? tained by a jury of 12 men in a court o: record, as shall be prescribed by law. Sec. 21. The geneial assembly shall enforce the provisions of this article b\ approprite legislation. ARTICLE X. FINANCE AND TAXATION. j Section 1. The general assembly shall provide by law for a uniform am. i equal rate of assessment and taxation, and shall prescribe regulations to se? cure a just valuation for taxation of al property,real,personal and possessory, except mines and mining claims, thc pr oducts of which alone shell be t&xsd and ?Iso exec]ding such property ai may be exempted by law for municipal educational, literary, scientific, re ligious or charitable purposes: Pro? vided, however, That the general as sembly muy impose a capitation tas upon such domestic animals ss from their nature and habits are destructive of other property: And provided, further, That the general assembly may provide for i graduated tax on incomes, and for a graduated license or occupations and business. Sec. 2. The generable assembly shall provide for an annual tax suf? ficient to delray the estimated ex? penses of the State for each year, and whenever it shall happen that the or? dinary expenses of the State for any year shall exceed the income of the State for such year tue general as? sembly shall provide for levying a tax for the ensuing year sufficient, with other sources of income, to pay tilt deficiency of the proceeding year to? gether with the estimated expenses oi the ensuing year. Sec. o. Ko tax shall be levied ex? cept in pursuance of a law which shall distinctly state the object of the same; to which object tho tax shall be u\) plied. Sec 4. There shall be exempted from taxation all county, township and municipal property used exclu? sively for public purposes aud not for revenue, and the property of all schools, colleges, and institutions of learning, all chantante institutions in the nature of asylums for the infirm, dent'and dumb, blind, idiotic and in? digent persons, except where the prof? its of such institutions are applied to private uses; all public libraries, churches, parsonages and burying grounds; bnt prope? iy of associations and societies, although connected with charitable objects, shall not be ex? mpt fi om State, county, or munic? ipal taxation: Provided, That as to real estate this exemption shall not extend beyond the buildings and pre?ases actually occupied by such schools, colleges, institutions of learn? ing, asylums, libraries, churches, ; ar souages and burial grounds, al i hough connected with enan;able objects. Sec. 5. The corporate authorities of counties, townships, school districts, cities, towns and villages may be Vest? ed with power to assess and collect ?taxes for corporate purposes; such f taxes to be uniform in respect to per ! sons and property within the jnrisdic : tion of tiie body imposing the same, j All shares of thc stockholders in any bank or banking association located in this State, whether now or hereafter ! incorporated, or organized under the \ laws of this State or of the United States, shall be listed at their true I value in money, and taxed for munic? ipal purposes in the city, ward, towri ? or incorporated village where such ?bank is located, and not elsewhere: ! Provided, That the words "true value in money" as used in line 12 of th's section shall,-be so construed as to menu and include ail surplus or extra moneys, capital, and every species of j personal property of value owned or in possession of any such lank: Pro? vided, A like ruh' of taxation shall ap piv to the stockhold? rs of all corpora? tions oilier than banking institutions. And the general assembly shall r< quire that all the property, except that h--:e iu permitted to he exempted within the limits of municipal corporation's, sind! be taxed for corporate purposes and for the payment of de hts contract? ed un. u-r authority of Jaw. 'I he ! onded debt of any count}', township, ! school district, municipal corporation tor political division or subdivision of ?this State shad m-ver exceed 8 per ! ceiitnm of the ass: sscd value of all the taxable properly therein. And no I county, township, municipal corpora? tion o?" other political division of this i State shall hereafter be authorized to increase its bonded indent: du ess if at the time of any proposed increase thereof the aggregate amount of its already existing bonded debt amounts to 8 per centum ?d' the vainc of all taxable property therein as ascertained hy the valuation for Stat.- taxation. And win ?ever there shall he s- v ral j political divisions or municipal cort o j ral io ns covering or ext: II? bug over tue I same territory, or po- tiona th reof, j possessing ii power to levy a tax or j Contract ?fe I ii. then each ol' such po- j li ti cal divisions <-r mun:- i,--.l cor, o-a- j fions shall so exercise :ts power to j increase ?tn ue?*t Miuci' too loregoing i S per cent limitation that the aggregat ? i debt over and upon any territory of? ?his State shall never exceed 15 per j centum of t he value of ali taxable property in f,ach territory as valued for taxation by the State: Provided, i That nothing herein shall prevent the I issue of bonds for the purpose of pay j ing or refunding any valid municipal 1 debt heretofore contracted in excess of i 8 per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein. Sec. 6. The credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned for the ben ; efit of any individual, company, asso? ciation or corporation; and the State shall not become a joint owner of .or stockholder in ?ny company, associa? tion or corporation. The general as I sembJy shall not have power to author I ize any county or township to levy a itax or issue bonus for any purpose ex? cept for educational purposes, to build . and rejjair public roads, buildings and bridges, to maintain and support pris? oners, pay jurors, comity oilicers, and for litigation, quarantine and courfc expenses, and for ordinary county purposes, kr? support paupers, and pay past indebebteduess. Sec. 7. No scrip, certificate or other : evidence of State indebtedness shall be ; issued except for the redemption of : stock, bonds or other evidences of in? debtedness previously issued, or foy such debts as are expressly authorized in this Constitution. See. 8. An accurate statement of the receipts and expenditures of the pub? lic money shall be published with the laws of each regular 6< ssion of the gen? eral assembly, in such manner as may bvlaw be directed. Sec. 0. M oney snail be drawn from the treasury only in pursuance of ap-? ] ropriations made by law. Sec. ll). Th? fiscal year shall com? mence on the first day of January in eai hyear. Sec. ll. To the end that the publio debt* South Carolina may not here aifcer be increased without the due con? sideration and tree consent of the peo? ple of the State, the general assembly is hereby forbidden to create any fur* ther debt or obligation, either by the loan of the credit of the State by guar? anty, endorsement or otherwise, except for the ordinary and current business of the State, without first submitting the question as to the creation of such new debt, guaranty, endorsement or loan of irs credit to the qualified elec? tors of this State at a general State election; and unless two-thirds of the qualified electors of this State, voting on the question, shall be iu favor of in? creasing the debt, guaranty, endorse? ment or loan of its credit, none shall ; be created or made. Ami any debt con? tracted by the State shall be by loan o a State bonds, of amounts not less than $-30 each, bearingiuterest, payable not more than ?0 years after final passage of the law authorizing such debt. A correct registry of all such bonds shall be kept by the treasurer iu numerical order, so as to always exhibit the num? ber and amount unpaid, and to whom severally made payable. And the gen? eral assembly shall levy an annual' tax sufficient to pay the aunual interest ba said bonds. Sec. 12. Suitable laws shail be pass? ed by the genera! assembly for the safe-keeping, transfer and disburse? ment of tue State, conntiy and school fund:;; and all officers and other per? sons charged with the same shall keep au accurate entry of each sum received, j and of each payment and transfer and I shall give such security for the faithful discharge of such duties as the general assembly may provide. And it shall be the duty of the general assembly to pass laws making embezzlement of such Sumisa felony, punishable by line and imprisonment, proportioned to tho ! amount of the deficiency or embezzle? ment, and the p&ity convicted of such felony shall be disqualified from ever holding any office of honor or emolu? ment in this State: Provided, however, that the general ass mbly, by a two thirds vote, may remove tue disability upon payment iu fail of the principal and interest of the sum embezzled. : Sec. 13. The general assembly shall provide for the assessment of all prop? erty for taxation; and State, county, township, school, municipal and all other taxes shall be levied on the same as.-essment, which shall be that mado lor St. ,te taxes; ami the taxes for the . subdivision of the State shall be levied I and collected by the respective fiscal ! authorities thereof. ARTICLE XI. EDUCATION. Section 1. 'ihe supervision of pub? lic instruction shall be vested in the State superintendent of educattOfl, who shall be elected tor the term of two veals by the qualified electors of the State, in sm-h manner and at such time as the other State oilicers are elected; his powers, duties ami com ; pensatiou s?mil be defined by the gtn ! eral assembly. Sec. 2. There shall bc a State boar?! of education, composed ot' the j governor, the state superintendent of ?education, and not exct cuing seven ! persons to be appointed by lin-govern? or every lour yeats, of which board ! the governor shall be oludiinan, and the slate superintendent of cine:.tion, secretary. This board shall have the regulation ?d' exaiuiuat on of teachers appiving for certificates of qualifica? tion, and shall award ail scholar ships and have sui !i other po wes aud duties as mav be dctermiu< d by ?aw. The travelling exilent s of the persons to be appointed shail be provided for by the general assembly. Sec. ;>. The general assembly shall make provision for the election or appointment ot all othtr necessary schooi officers, and sha!.! define their qualification, powers, duties, compen? sation and terms <d office. See. 4. The salaries of the State and county school < ?licers and com? pensation of county troasur? rs for col 1 drug and disbursing seh* ?td moneys shall not be paid out of the school funds, bul shail be ? therwise provided tor bv the g ne ral assembly. Sec. 5. The gene i al ; s-cmhly shall provide for a liberal sy-tvm ut ire?