Historical Newspapers of South Carolina

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

Cheese Making Experiment at Clemson College. Columbia State. During the present year the board of control of the%Clemson Agricul? tural College determined to enter upon the experiment of cheese-mak? ing. Before entering upon the work, one of their number was sent to a successful creamery to look into the business and become acquainted with the general conditions favorable to such an enterprise The board say that it is too soon yet to say what will be the result of their experiment, but in view of the geueral depression in agricultural circles and the vital . necessity for farm work on new tines it is greatly to be hoped that the dairy at Clemson, conducted as it is on scientific principles, wit! prove profitable, and be thc forerunner of other ventures in the same direction For the benefit of the agricultural readers of The State and others who are interested in tbe industrial suc? cess of our people, the report of Mr. J. W. Hart, dairyman ot the college, ' is hereto appended : The dairy building has been com? pleted and is equipped with a 12 horse power return flue tubular ft boiler, an S-bOrae power horizontal engine and. apparatus for testing milk and making batter and cheese. Tbe main building, 56 hy 64; con? tains the butter and cheese-making rooms, and an office ; the cheese curing and milk rooms are localed in y~: a large L at the rear of the main building; and the engine-room, store-room and wash-room are in another h, which ls joined to the' main building by a -covered passage-way Tn^ building is heated throughout by steam and supplied with wateFfrora a 3O0%al lon tank placed overhea?r The cemented tanks, supplied with water from springs, are built in the fto?r of the milkroom. At present churening is" done by hiWT*?^ power churn wt?tbe neeo^ed as soon as the college is closed. Last winter 1.104 pounds of butter were made during the winter holi? days, which amount will probably be exceeded during the coming winter During tbe past year between forty and fifty cows have been regularly in milk. Nearly all of the milk and butter made has been consumed at the mess ball. Opportunity will soot) be given to consign small shipments of butter to different accessible mar? kets in various styles of packages. At the stable each cow's milk is weighed daily as soon as milked and is tested for fat on the morning and evening one day each week. The cows are weighed semi-monthly. Those cows that, fail to prod nee a .certain amount of butter fat per hun hundred pounds of live weight in a year will be consigned to tbe butcher and replaced by more profitable ones This year tbe minimum amount will be placed at thirty pounds. Accord? ing to the standard adopted a cow weigbing 1,000 pounds is expected to yield SOO pounds of butter fat in a year, an 800-pound cow 240 pounds of butter fat, and so on. Over one hundred samples of milk are tested weekly with the Babcock test. The Babcock test, invented by Dr. S. M. Babcock, chief chemist at tbe Wisconsin experiment station, is a rapid and accurate means of finding the fat contents Of milk. It will lo? cate with precision the losses of fat, in separating, churning and cheese making. lt can be operated by one who bas sufficient skill to make good butter. In testing milk 17.5 cubic centimetres of milk and an equal amount of sulphuric acid are shaken together in a small test bottle. As soon as the casein or cheesy portion of the milk has been dissolved by the acid, the fat is separated from the acidulated milk by centrifugal force generated by whirling tbe bottle in a machine made for the purpose. From four to fifty bottles may be whirled at once, according to the size of the machine need. The addition of hot water and a further short whirling of the bottle completes the process and the percen? tage of fat may be read off tbe graduated scale on the neck of the bottle. An experiment to determine the efficiency of churning whole milk compared with using the hand spara tor and chum was undertaken in August and September. Before being divided the milk was thoroughly mixed. One portion was then separated by a hand separator and the cream was churned as soon as it had ripened The whole milk por- ! tion was allowed to turn to clabber j before being churned. In churning the ! whole milk the conditions were such j as to secure the best possible yield and it was found that 14 06 per cent, or about one-seventh of the fat pres' j ent in the milk was not recovered in ! the butter. In using the centrifugal i separator and the churn, 7 53 per j cent, of the total fat of the milk was not recovered in the butter. This was largely owing to the fact that the churning temperature, 6$, which was j the lowest that could be obtained without iee, was entirely too high for the best results in churning cream. As soon as the steam fitting at the dairy was done, cheese making was commenced. Between September 25th, and October 16th, cheese was made on ten days. From 4,155.25 pounds of milk 476.25 pounds of green chese were made, an average of $.72 pounds of milk being required to make one pound of cheese. (Note -A gallon of milk weighs about 8 6 pounds). From the records kept, it appears that the milk from which the cheese was made contained 186 pounds of fat With skillful handling, where j a centrifugal separator ia used, 10 per cent, more butter can be made out o milk thau there is fat in it, which means that 205 05 pounds of butter could have been made from the milk out of which 476 25 pounds of cheese were made. The cost of making butter or cheese from a given amount of milk is about the same. In summer butter has to be sold as soon as made, usually at a ?ow price, while cheese may be held until it can be sold at a profit. In making cheese, some experi? ments are being carried on, which have not been continued long enough lo report upon Some experiments will be undertaken immediately to find out how any person may make a few cheeses for his own use with little or no expense for apparatus For curing a portion of the cheese a small cellar will be dug near the daity building to compare results with the curing room in the d?iry. Several of our best cows have died of haematuria (red water). It is usually caused by eating poisonous plants. To prevent its recurrence cows should not be allowed to pasture where these grow The pasturage is totally insufficient for the number of stock carried If a good permanent pasture could be piovided and the whole farm put under fence, so that ihe cows could be pastured in the different fields as the crops were gath? ered, the disease would probably dis? appear and a mateiial saving be made in the cost of feeding the cows. In July, cow-pox was brought here with ?orne cattl? purchased at Green? ville By not allowing the milkers of these to milk the healthy cows the disease did not spread Two of the milkers were off duty for a time with vaccinated hands. During the winter holidays all of the milk of the college herd will be available for experimental work. To assist fn the regular dairy work and in experimental work four of . the cadets now employed as milkers should be engaged for that period. As the. cattle disease, previously referred to, which prevails in late summer and fall is assuming serious proportions in this and adjoining counties, steps should now be taken to commence a thorough investigation as soon as another outbreak is threat ened. In order to test the adaptability of cheese factories and creameries to existing agricultural conditions in this State, and to secure sufficient milk for instruction purposes, milk might be obtained from the farmers living within a radius of three miles of Clemson College Of these the men who have been approached on the subject are in favor of giving the enterprise a trial. The dairy build? ing has been planned with a special view towards working up a large amount of milk economically into butter and cheese. There are several ways in which the business could be carried on : 1 The "College," meaning Clem? son Agricultural College, could buy the milk at a certain fixed price per pound. 2. The "College" could buy the milk at a price, pending upon the market quotations of butter and cheese. 3 Butter or cheese could be made from the milk at a certain fixed price per pound for manufacturing This charge, based upon the experience of successful enterprises of like charac ter elsewhere would amount to about three cents per pound for butter and one and a half cents per pound for cheese, the milk to be delivered at the dairy building and the patrons to take back their skim milk and whey. Each patron's milt would be weighed and sampled on receiving, and the net receipts from sales of butter and j cheese would be divided among the j patrons according to ihe amount of butter fat each has furnished, allow? ing patrons the privilege o? getting what butter and cheese they wanted, limited to the amount they furnish ! j milk to make. Under existing conditions, this would be the best plan of the three to adopt. The direct and immediate benefits to those sending milk to the college dairy would be, that more butter and cheese of higher average quality than that now made would be produced, and higher prices could be obtained for this prodnct. The chief aim of the experiment would be to furnish an object lesson to those farmers of our State who wish to maintain and improve the fertility of the soil of their farms while making a living at farming. The cost of the additional appara- j tus (including a power separator) I ; and supplies required to make butter j or cheese from the milk of 300 cows I would amount to about $700. I have the honor to be, sir your obedient servant. J W. HART, j Advices from Managua indicate a grave situation in the Mosquito re- j servation. The British minister, Mr. ! Gosling, has notified Nicaragua that Great Britain refuses to recognize the Nicaraguan government at Blue, fields. After an exchange of views Minister Go8tling telegraphed toi Port Limon for a Britisth warship to ! come at once to Bluefields. It is re? ported that the Nicaraguan canal pro? ject is at the bottom of the matter and serious trouble is feared. Items. Neal Bros ?? the largest milling firm in Eastern Indiana, failed Mon? day The debts amount to ?100.000 to ?150,000, with no assets in t-ight. The Security National Bank of Grand Island, Neb., has gone inio voluntary liquidation. The Citizen's State Bank did likewise Over $11,000 was brought into Lakeland, Florida, last season from the strawberry shipments alone, and it will double that amount this sea? son. Prof. Bonney says that a fall of 15 to 20 debrees F. in the average tem? perature would be sufficient to account for all known glaciation in the northern hemisphere. Some people can get an idea that those who think differently from them on the convention are not honest. Strange ! strange ! Did it never occur to them that probably they are mistaken.-Pickens Sentinel. In the Sandwich Islands the apple has become wild, and forests of trees of many acres are found in various parts of the country. They extend from the level of the sea far up into the mountain side. The Japanese have consented to receive the Chinese proposals of peace through the American minis? ters at Pekin and Tokio. At the same time the Japanese are pushing their armies foward vigorously. There is just one expedient by which the cotton producers can escape the consequences of their own folly and that is to give up the folly itself. They are raising more cotton than the world wants, and the only way to save themselves is to cut down their production The Roddy plan is simply nonsense. It would be much better for the farmers to bum that fifth bale than to set up a corporation with millions of capital j for the purpose of faking care of it. What tli4*y need is more bacon, more corn, more live stock, more common sense, and so forth, than humbug and cotton - Washington Post. The State vote is nominally all counted ; and from the returns as they lie on the tables of the board in Columbia, we take the two following Edgefield items The vote for Con? stitutional Convention in Edgefield stands 1 662 years against 648 nays This is a lie, broad, deep and dirty. The vote for Governor in Edgefield Stands 1.908 for Evans against 417 for Pope. This is another lie. broad, deep and dirty. And after all in? famous and cowardly juggling, they make the majority for convention only 1154! Lies, all-broad, deep, dirty and damnable.-Edgefield Chronicle Jost received one of the finest and best assorted lines of Perfumery ever brought to the town. Prices low and goods guaranteed, at A. J. China's. Bucklen'e Arnica Salve. Tbe Best Salve in tho world for Cuta, Braises .Sore?. Uleers. Salt Rbeum. Fever Soras, Tetter, Chapped Hands Chilblains, Coras and all Skin Eruptions, and positively cures Piles, or no pay required. It is guaranteed to give per feet satisfaction, or money refunded. nrice 3?cents per box. For sale by Dr. J. F. W. De Lonne. OTHERS'. .FRIEND" Is a scientifically prepared lini? ment and harmless; every ingredi? ent is .of recognized value/ and in constant use by the medical pro? fession. It shortens labor, lessens pain, dimishes danger to life of Mother and Child. Book "TO MOTHERS" mailed free, con-j taming valuable information andi voluntary testimonials. Seat by Express or mail, on receipt of price. SL per bottle. Sold by Al! Druggists. BRADFIELD REGULATOR CO., Atlanta, Ga. United States of America. _ i DISTRICT OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 1 IN THE CIRCUIT COU HT, FOURTH CIRCUIT. IN EQUITY. Alfred A. Howlett against Charleston, Sumter and Northern Railroad Company. Atlantic Trust Company against Charleston, Sumter and Northern Railroad Company. IN ACCORDANCE WITH the order of the Honorable the Circuit Court in and for tbe Eastern District of South Carolina, made on Oct. 29th, 1894, Notice is hereby given that all parties having claims or demands against Charles E. Kimball, as Receiver of tbe Charleston, Sumter and Northern Railroad Company are required ro present the same before him at his office, United States Trust Company Building, 45 Wall Street, New York City, or at the office of the Receiver at Sumter, S. C., on or before the 2nd day of Jnnuarv, 1895. CHARLES E. KIMBALL, Receiver C. S. & N. Railroad Compaov. Oct. 29. 1894. Nov. 14-61. FOR SALE. I THAT TRACT of land in Sumter County, S. C., containing 200 acres, more or less, and bounded as follows: North, by public road from City of Sumter to Cane Savannah ; East, by lands of Jno. T. Baker South, by run of Cane Savannah; West, by lan?s of Jno. F. Gamble, and of .Miles H. Plowden ; same being arable land and now under cultivation. For terms apply to C. G MATTHEWS k CO., Cotton Factors, Charleston, S. C. Liberal advances made on consignments of cottOD. Sept. 19-3m j Cheap ! Cheaper! Cheapest ! Did you ever hear of goods being sold so cheap? All goods except Corn and Bacon are cheaper than ever before. Cotton is cheap because so much has been made. Corn and Bacon are high because so little has been made. We are not intending to d?lirer a lec? ture on political economy, but to let you j know that you can buy things so cheap from us. i Believing that money would be scarce, j we only bought what we could sell cheap. Don't imagine we mean to say that our stock ts cheap, common good?, but CHEAP FOR THE QUALITY. Our Groceries will always be the best that money can buy, but they will be sold cheap. Ther? is not a house in the South that carries a better class of GROCERIES than I I ! I Do, but there are thousands who charge more. In DRV GOODS we have all you want-cheap, medium and fine, but they will be sold cheap. If you are a mao and want a Hat ! come and see our Job Lots before buy ?og. We bought drummers' samples at i fifty cents on the dollar is the reason we sell them so cheap. The nobbiest and latest styles as cheap as you could buy a second hand one. Come aod pay us a social call if you do not want to buy-but when you see how cheap we can sell goods you will j buy any way. It will pay you to buy j things you don't want, they are so j cheap. DUCKER & BULTMAN. A Cotton Fertilizer. Purchase only such fertilizers for cotton which contain at least 3 to 4 <f0 actual potash. For Corn, Fertilizers should contain 6# Potash. Poor results are due entirely to deficiency of Potash. We will gladly send you our pamphlets on the Use of Potash. They are sent free, lt will cost you nothing to read them, and they will save you aollars. GERMAN KALI WORKS, 93 Nassau Street, New York. Clothing Clothing! Clothing! This is the Weather to remind every MAN AND BOY Who has a Dollar to invest in Clothing, that now is the time for him to do so, and as we are LARGELY OVERSTOCKED, in this particular Line, which must be converted into Cash in order to pay for it, we propose to supply your wants at PRIME COST. This is no Sham Offer, and we very much regret the necessity of being forced to do so. Call and be convinced. We are also offering big inducements -IN OUR Dress Goods Department. Those formerly sold at 50 c., now 331-3, " " 25 c., " 16 2-3. Other Prices in Proportion. If you need a CLOAK or Pair of BLANKETS, it would be to your inter? est to see us before buying. Respectfully, O'Donnell & Co. Nov. 14_ J. F. W. DeL?RM?T Agen/ -DEALER IN Toilet Soaps, Perfumery and all Kinds ot Druggist's Sundries Usually Kept in a First Class JDruLg Store. Tobacco, Snuff and Cigars, Garden Seeds, &3., also Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Glass Putty, &c, Dye Stuffs. Physician's Prescriptions carefully compounded, and orders answered with care and dispatch. The public will find my stock of Medicines complete, warranted genuine, and of best quality. Call and see for yourselves. Night Calls Promptly Attended To. OTTOF. WEITERS, WHOLESALE GROCER, AND LIQUOR DEALER, OFFICE AND SALESROOM: 1S3 East Bay, Charleston, S C Nov. 7 52d Year. The Great Farm, Industrial and Stock Journal of the South. 02TE YEAR FOE $1. Sample copies and Premium List will be mailed FREE on application to THE CULTIVATOR PUBLISHING CO., Box 415, Atlanta, Ga. THE SUMTER INSTITUTE FOR WOOTEN. THE TWENTY-SEVENTH COLLEGI ate year of the Institute will begin September 11th, 1894. With its full corps of efficient teachers and high standard of schol? arship, it offers advantages for educating young ladies, equal to any College for wo? men in this State. We intend that it shall grow in efficiency aa it grows io years, and thus command the continued favor of its patrons, and commend itself to the favor of all who have daughters to educate. Entire expenses for the year from $150 to $200. For particulars apply to H. FRANK WILSON, President, July 4. Sumter, S. C. RICE, RICE, RICE. We solicit consignments of ROUGH RICE IN ANY QUANTITY. All consignments milled and reshipped or sold promptly. Rates moderate. WEST POINT MILLS CO., Sept. 26. Charleston, S. C.