The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, January 11, 1893, Image 4
Ck S?latrbiiian ait& ^otitbron.
WEDNESDAY, JAN. ll, 1893.
Tba Ratio of Money and
Labor.
Tlie fourth Interaatfortal Monetary
Conference has adjourned. Its ob
j^?t was to secure the international
free coiuage of silver at a ?xed ratio
to gold, but it? efforts appear to be'
without good result The stfme old
arguments used in the conference of
1878 and in that of 1S81 were
repeated. The same differences of
. opinion were emphasized, the same
conflict of interest offered and the
name failure haft resulted There is
no uncertain'j about toe facts under?
lying these monetary discussions.
The relation of lite monetary unit
- to the material welfare of a people
baa be n well understood from tiie
-days of Solon. The whole discus?
sion from Solou's days to this has
invariably resolved itself into a fight
between debtors and creditors ;
between debtor nations and creditor
nations.
If there were no debtors to pay
debts ; if there were no creditors
to hold bonds, mortgages and notes
there would be no harassing money
"questions to be solved. But so long
aa debtors and creditors are to bc
found, jnst so long will there be
conflicting interests and a * wide
difference of opinion. The creditor
will usually favor a smaller and a
contracting volume of currency ; and
the debtor will usually favor a large
?nd expanding volume The debtor
knows that the more money there
ia in circulation the more easily can
he pay his debts. The creditor
knows thnt if his million were the
only million in t he u orld he would
be a much richer man, because he
could lend his money at much higher
interest, and with it he could buy
more of the necessities and luxuries
of life j
Nearly every nation. State, county j
-and city is in debt. And I presume
that at least Ihree-fimrths of every t
nation'? subjects are pretty largely
in debt on their individual
accounts. Ti ie debts of nations
and of individuals at last fall most
heavily and almost wholly, upon the
producing class-the tillers of the
soil, the miners and thc factory
workers The preen of the products
of the soil, the shops and the mines
are regulated by the amount of
money in circulation, excep, in so
far as the prices may be affected by
trusts, gambling and short crops, lt
ii not denied that the amount of
money in circulation has much to
-do with the price of commodities '
in the settlement of debts. All!
'debts are fina'ly cancelled wi h the
-rough products of the soil. The
great d**b? which hung over our nation
in IS65 must at last be paid by the
* <nen who live by the sweat of their
brows at manual lab ?r Hence,
nothing i-i more impoitaut than to
keep up a steady ratio between the
money in circulation and the volume
of business and amount of production.
For instance, on Aug. 31 1865,
our national debt reached its highest
notch-the enormous amount of
$2,756,431,471 43 Nearly the whole
of this debt was conti acted during the
war, for the debt in 1*60 was only
$59,964,402 01. Now every one
Knows that in 1865 wheat was selling
for over ?2 per bushel, but to make
trie illustration essy 1 will say thal
it was selling for $1 30 per bushel.
Mr. Enoch Hancock inform* me
that wheat is now selling for 65 ceuts
|> r bushel. Now, in 1865 we
could have paid the win le national
debt with 2,120,331,000 bushels of
wheat at $1.30 per bushel We cut
down the debt year by year to
$?52.000.000 in 1*91. But suppose
we had the whole debt of 1865 to
pay today, ft would i equi rc just
twice as much wheat as it would in
1865, putting wheat at the low
?figure of $1.30 in 1865 We would
pay the same number of dollars, to be
?ure, but it would requ're twice as
much labor now to make the same
number of dollars. The bondholder
in 1865 could buy, we will say, only
?3*? bushel of wheat with $1 30 ;
bnt tow he ex* buy exactly two
bushel*. % It is plain ll wt he would
begetting twice as much as we -had
expected to pay. Take another easy
illustration We paid about $967
000,000 interest ou our national debt
in 1875, and about $48,000.000 in
?885. Apparently we paid only
?alf as much in 1885 as in 1875.
Hut if we compare the purchasing
power of a dollar in 1875 we will
find that, in fact, we paid more than
half as much in ??*85 as WK did in
1875. Suppose tins bondholder in
1875 had invested this $96.000.40?
in corn Th** Secretary of Argicul
lure states that corn averaged 84
cents per bushel in 1*75, and i o]
cents in 1*0*5. In 1875 the bond
holder could have bought 114,000,
000 bushels of corn with his $96,
000,000, or he contd have bongin
57,000,000 bushels of corn with $48,
m 0.000. In 18-5 with $48.000,000 he
could have b ught 88,000,000 bush
els ot corri In other words, $4\
000,0o0 in 1875 could be turn d into
57,000 000, bushels of corn ; but in
188$ it cou'd be turned into 88,000 -
OoO bushels of coin So that $48,
000,000 hi lu*5 was more valuable
t han it was in 187.) by the amount of
31,000.000 bushels of corn. TV
dollar of 1885 was n?ore valuable
than the dollar of 1875. We say
com went down ; but it ts just as
true tb say that the tl dlar went up
It is not far from the truth to say
that corn went down, because the
dollar went up.
I believe I will speak moderately
when I say that by the time we g^t
through paying our war debt we will
have paid at least three times as
much as we contracted to pay. True |
we will pay the exact number ol
dollars set ont in the bond, but to
pay this debt we will have had to j
plow three furrows where we had j
calculated to plow only one.
If I make a five-year debt of $1,
30<>, to day, when wheat is selling
at 65 cents per bushel, and then go j
to work and run the price of wheat j
up by increasing the money of the
country, or by other 'means, so that
wheat will sell fi r $1.30 in 1x97,
when thc debt falls du*?, it is clear
that I will pay only 1.000 ba-bela j
to cancel my debt in 1897. Whereas |
the creditor. wWi the debt was i
made tn 1892, *-xpect**d to get 2,000 j
bu bela oj" wheal. Thc correct idea,
tiie principle to be kept always in
view, is to maintain a steady ratio
between a bushel of wheat and a dol?
lar in money. The currency of a
country should be so managed a* to
make a dollar neither less valauble
nor more valuable in the future
than it is to-day. If it is made more
valuable the debt is injured ; if ic
becomes lea? valuable the ct editor
is injured. Now it i? well known
that doRar of the {ftiited States has
been increasing in value, has been
growing in its purchasing power,
for about twenty itve j'ears, to the
great injury nf debtors. The objeet
<>f the.-Un'ted States in calling tiie
recent monetary conference was to
stop this injury' by increasing the
amount of silver money in circula?
tion. ]t is a struggle, in plain lan?
guage, between debtors and creditors,
with equity at present m the debt?
ors' favor.
DEBTS OF THE WOJtLD AND OF THE UNITED
STATES.
Who a?e- debtors? Nations. States,
coontie*,' ciites, corporation*, part?
nerships a?d individtialds. It appals
the mind to think of the enormous
debts now hanging over nations and
individuals.
In January, 1876, the Westminster
Review estimated the national debts
of the world at $22,204,000,000.
The United States. census of 1890
states thc national debts of the world
at "$26,060,000,000
The population of all nations
aggregates -1,000.000,000- So tjiat
the national debt alone, averages
$26 on each man, woman and child
under the sun This national debt
is small when compared with ike
State, county, city and individual
indebtedness. Take cur own coun?
try for example. The census for
I ?90 puta these debts as followers
State debts $ 22S,997,3?<9
County debts 145,04?,04o
Cities and towns 724,463,060
School districts 36,701 948
Total $1,135,210,442
The rnoitgage debts
on lands 5,3o5,000,000
Gross known indebt?
edness $6,490,210,442
This is au average of .$108 per
capita ; while our money circulation
is only, at the highest figure", $24
per capita, or only two ninths of this
debt per capita.
Item five .above is based on the
census report of the mortgages on
laud in Alabama, - Illinois, Iowa,
Kan as and Tenues-ee. These five
States, on Jan, 1, 1890, had mor Iga
geg ou land aggregating $906,00.?,
O00, or an average of $85 per capita.
This average per capita tor the whole
United States gives the sum used as
item five above.
The debts of States, cities and
counties run from ten to thirty years.
The mortgage debts on farms run
from three to five years. It is but
a matter of plain justice therefore
to so construct the monetary laws
of the country as not to make the
dollar of to day twice as valuable
in purchasing power when the day
comes to cairel these debts. Other?
wise we will have to labor more than
we contracted to labor iu order to
pay the debt.
.u 1891 we paid ab rut $24,000,
000 iuterest on our national debt.
The annual interest cm the land
mortgage debt above referred to. al
6 per cent , woiild be neatly $390,
000,000. It is conservative to say
that the people of tl^e Utiite<i Stat?*?
are paying at least ? $400,000.000
per year iuterest on debts. In the
five States .above mentioned the
mor gage debt increased from $64*,
O00.OW) in 18*6, to $906,000,000
in 1890-an increase of 40 per cent
in four years it is interesting to
set out, in connection with the state
ment of indebtedness, these f cts
about the increase of money in circti
lation : The total money coinage
of the whole world in 1888 was
$269.751,199 lu 1889 it wa? $307,
346,114. In 1890 it was $298.414.871
Thus we have this striking
sentence-national debt of the
world in 1890, ,,-$26.000 000,
000; annual interest at 4 per
cent. $1.040 000,000; coinage
$298,414.872 The coinage of the
world, that is the* increase of the
volume of money ni circulation, being
!e?s than one third of the interest to
l>e paid on national debtR alone, and
only about one-ninetieth of the nation?
al debt of the world Basing the
estimates lor the whole United States
on the cet. H ns reports of the five
States alluded to the real estate mort
gage debt of the United States
incieas d 40 per cent, from 1886
to 1890 That is, fnun $3,850,000,
000. or $<>3 per capita in 1886, to
$5,355,000,000 $85 per capita in
1^90. According to the Secretary
of the Treasury the money, chen
lation was $1,252,700,525, or $21
per capita, on July I, 1836. Un
.Inly I. i860, the circulation was
$1,429.251, 270, or $22 82 per cap
ita. Thus wc see the mortgage debt
on land alone increased 40 per cent
in four years while the increase of
money in circulation was only
fourteen per cent <itiri?g the same
period.
A candid consideration of thene
and many other facts of simitar im?
port must force us to admit that
fiie monetary laws of our country
have been operating to I lie serious
and a harming injury of debtors:
The ratio originally existing between
the doll tr to bo paid and the labor
and the product to pay the dollar
w.th han not been maintained as it
should have been, lt has changed to
f?vor the creditor, and the injustice
of the change is too clear to permit
?he condition to g ? on indefinitely.
Weare completely d sgu^tnd with
the rev?>lufionary threat* nome of tho
Tilintante demagogy*** are indulging in.
Tue talk of r< p ah??g ?har ers of such
municipal c??rp??ra?i??Oi? a? dare to eser
rise constitutional right, of tenting to I
the last ditch, any and rvpty measure
adopted hy the L -Kudnfur<\ if? calcu
lated to bring about a bad state of
affairs and i? the es-enee of nonsense
There is a point bey ono' which even
a Tilluiauife .-hon! J hesitate to go.
Orangeburg K ift-rpri-e.
---^mmi^m- -4K^^~-.
The l?irnweli SmMuel remarks:
"How would the 'plain people' cou
sider if it came to Senator John Gary
Kvai.s and ei'izeo Jo>h Ashley for
Governor ir. 1804 ? All in sympathy
with real reform might go to the re?
cord." Yes, ?u<* Josh's record would
show up the beet.
The Tax War is Resumed.
The Comptroller General h&f>, as in
timated yesterday, declared war on the
corporations this year, and the battle
begins with to-day, the State having at
its back that mont remarkable new law
declaring that no court of justice in the
State shall in any way interfere with the
raiding of the assessments.
Below is the circular of instructions
on matters of taxation which is being
sent to all county auditors. It is des?
tined to r?i>e a row when the taxpayers
begin to feel its true import :
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT,
OFFICE OF COMPTROLLK.R GENERAL,
COLUMBIA, S. C , Jan. 7, 1893.
Mr -, Auditor-county.
Your attention is hereby directed to
the following:
Act, to amend and declare the law in
reference to the dattes and powers of
county auditors, in reference to the
assessment of property for taxation,
when a false, fraduleut or other re?
turn has been made.
After the enacting words this law
provides :
That from and after the passage of
this act the assessment of ptoperty for
taxation shall be deemed and held to
be a step in the collection of taxes.
Sec. 2. That sections 239, 240,
241; 242, 243. and 244 of chapter xi
of the general statutes, relating to che
I assessment and taratioo of property,
be and thc same are hereby declared to
be in full force and effect and shall be
; construed to mean as giving full and
complete pow? r to the county auditors
independent of any rights conferred
npoo county boards - of assessors or
other officers as to securing a full and
complete return of property for taxation
io alt cases as expressed in said sections
whether fraudulently or otherwise im?
properly or incompletely made.
Sec. 3 That the action of the
county auditor in the section set forth
in the second, section of this act, shall
not be interfered with by any court of
this State by mandamus, summary
process, or any other process ; but the
taxpayer shall have the right, and no
other to pay his tax on such return
under protest as as cow provided by
law.
Sec. 4. That this act shall take
effect immediately upon its approval by
the Governor.
.There ctn be no doubts under this
law as to the duties and powers* of
county auditors, and they will ba ex?
pected to observe carefully the sections
of the general statutes construed by this
act, and will be held to a strict perfor?
mance of their duties as required by
these sections thus construed, under the
instructions heretofore given by this
office in circulor form.
Much of the success or failure to
ascertain- the whereabouts and value of
all taxable property and have it placed
upon the tax books ts due to the tifi 'ient
or inefficient management of the auditors
of the respective counties.
All taxpayers are required by law to
return all their taxable personal prop?
erty between the first of January and
the 20rh day of February. -1893 for
taxation. Kcal estate ts not returned
this year.
All personal property not returned,
falsely returned, partially returned, or
returned at less than its true value in
money, ts liable to a penalty of 50 per
cent.
lt w the duty of the auditor whi'e
faking returns to make such inquiries
and investiga ions as he may deem
ne .! ssary to secure a full return of all
taxable property at its true value, and
any auditor rceepting a return from
any taxpayer when he suspects or has
reason to believe that such return is
not correct or full, is derelict tc bis om
cial duties
Millions of dol?ais of taxable perso?
nal property annually escape taxation in
this State, such as cash, mortgages,
other credits, etc , which should be
carefully looked after aud placed upon
your tax duplicates and made to bear
th. ir just portion of taxation
Auditors are urged to the exercise of
pro.per diligence in this matter of
taking returns; and if the law is wise?
ly, judiciously and firmly enforced
much of the evils now suffered will be
i remedied and the taxable property
gieatly increased by getting upon the
tax books every class of taxable prop
! erty
i Care should be taken ic making the
; valuations made by the taxpayers of
personal property as nearly uniform
throughout the county as po.-sible.
In the selection of assessors great
j care should be exercised, and the best,
most impartial and intelligent men
should be taken. (A-se?sors are ap?
pointed annually under the law )
One nf the greaten; hindrances to
the proper valuation of all properties is
the gross irregularities of values as
made by the different communities
AA far as may he possible let's have a
fu.l, fair, just and equitable return and
valuations
*. A ll executors, administrators, guar?
dians, trustees, receivers, officers, hus?
bands, fathers, mothers, agents or fao
tors sha-ll be personally liable for taxes
on all personal property which was in
their possession at the time when the
return thereof for taxation should have
been made, by themselves n
According to the construction ot the
hw hy th* Attorney General, all clerks
of courts, masters, or other public
officers having funds iii their custody,
a e required to return such funds for
taxatiou Respectfully,
W. Il Kl.l.KhBK,
Comptroller General.
Comptroller General K I rbe makes
specif! ? reference to money invested iu
hank? aud such like io his. circular,
though not mentioning it in exactly
i hes? terms, aud he hays he has no
fears of banks escaping taxtiou hy dis?
tributing their surpluses among the
rttoekholders. Hf. expects to reich
every cent of this mon y, he says
The auditor can go into a bank, see to
whom the money has been paid out.
?nd then put. those men on their oaths
as to whether they possess the money or
not -The S'afe. Jan 8 h.
The railroad men who waited on Gov?
ernor Tillman stated that he said a
cuss word '* The editor of the Register
says that he had it from Governor Till?
man thflt. he used no such expression.
One of the railroad committee that vis?
ited the Governor says over his signa
tuie that whoever says that the Gov?
ernor d?d not use the oatii attributed to
him lies. Thus they talk about Co- J
lurnhia. We do not believe in catting
every wo-d Tillman u'ters in bis teeth ;
again. Fro JJ his boyhood he has no '
doubt, been accustomed to the daily use '
of the-e "cuss words " Thit fact was
known wheu he was elected Governor:
let bim keep ap bis old habits if he so
desires. We do not endorse the use of
such language for various reasons, but
if the Governor wishes to "cuss out" a
whole brigade of railroad men, or ?ll
the railroads of the State let him do it
in peace. Let bim who has never used
an oath cast a stone at the Governor
and let him "cuss*' just as much as he
pbases. It will not hurt him tn the
least. Constant carping at him for
this habit will strengthen him and make
bim more popular.-Carolina Spartan
? -J- -?
Compound Oxygen.
If you are suffering from catarrh-if
you have incipient consumption-if you
have little or no appetite-if you have
lost relish for your work-if life has be?
come a burden instead of a joy-if
you are tormented night and day with
a nervousness that will allow you ho
peaoe-if you feel that yon do need a
stimulant, but shrink from poisoning
your life ' with alcohol-if you are
begrnning to run down-if yon would
seek relief without risk-if you would
ose a rpfuedy that already bas the
endorsement of tens of thousands of
intelligent people, and is thoroughly
established in the public confidence,
send a postal of inquiry-it will cost
yoa one cent-to DM Starkey & Palen,
1529 Arch St., Philadelphia,"Pa., or to
Mrs. A. W. Moore. Florence. S. C.
Shiloh's Consumption Cure.
Thia is beyond question the most successful
Cough Medicine we have ever sold, a few doses
invariably cure the worst cases of coughs,
Croup and Bronchitis, while its wonderful
soccesa in the cnre of Consumption is with?
out a parallel in the history of medicine.
Stace its first discovery it has been sold on a
guarantee, a teat *hfch no other medicine can
stand. If you have a cough we earnestly ask
you to try it. Price 10c, 50c. and $1. It
your lungs are sore, chest, or back lame, use
Shiloh's Porous Plaster. Sold by Dr. A. J.
China. Sumter S C. 1
Bocklen's Arnica Salve*
The Best Salve in the world for Cuts, Bruis*.?>
Sores. Ulcers, Salt Rheum. Fever Sores, Tetter.
Chapped Hands Chilblains, Corns and al]
Skin Eruptions, and positively cures Piles, oi*
no pay required- It is guaranteed to give per?
fect satisfaction, or money refunded. Prici
25cents per box. For sale by J. F. W. De
Lonne. o
?ur? .??? -?-- ? ?
Answer This Question.
Why do so many people we see around ue
seems to prefer to stiffer and be made miserable
by In igeetion, Constipation, Dizziness loss
of Appetite, Coming up of the-Food, Yellow
Skin, when for 75c. we wili sell them Shiloh's
Vitalizer, guaranteed to cure them. Sold by
A. J. China, Sumter, S. C. 2 '
Rent Liens, plain and with cotton seed
clause, for sale at the Watchman and Southron
office.
Piles of people have piles, but De Witt's
Witch Hazel Salve will cure them. J. S
Hughson & Co.
Bills of Sale., long and short form, can be
found at the Watchman and S'.uthron office.
Itch on human and horses and all animals
cured in 30 minutes by Wooiford's Sanitary
Lotion. This never fails. Sold by A.'tJ.
China, Druggist, Sumter S. C.
Sweet breath, sweet stomach, sweet temper,
all result from the u.?e of De Witt s Little
Karly Risers, the famous little pills. J. S.
Hughson & Co.
Labor contracts for sale at this office.
Prompt attention gives orders by mail.
NOTICE.
1TAKE THI3 MEANS of notifying the
public that Mr. John A. Canty is no
longer an agent, or connected in any way wiib
the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance Company
J. S. COLES, Ja ,
Exern ti ve Special Agent for South Carolina.
. Dec28-3t
Watches, Cte, Jewelry Bepairefl
PROMPTLY.
Satisfaction guaranteed or money refunded.
A. D. Powers.
Reddic'8 Barber Shop. Main St.. Sumter, S C.
Scribner's
MAGAZINE
For 1893
PARTIAL PROSPECTUS,
FRANCES HODGSON BURNETT
will contribute the first serial to appear in a
magnzine from her pen for many years, enti?
tled ' The (Juc \ Knew the Best of All."
//. C. BUNKER
will furnish a series of six sketch** entitled
"Jersey Street and Je-rse) Lane." Illustrated
ROBERT GRANT
will relate the further experiences ff Fred,
and Josephine in "A Seqiel to the Reflections
of a married Man." Illustrated.
HAROLD FREDERIC.
will contribute a political novel of great
power, entitled The Copperhead.
BY THE AUTHOR OF u JERRY:*
Miss's. B Elliott, the "authur of "Jerry,"
will write a renlistic story c f life among th*
Tennessee mountaineers, "The Ujrket Sper?
ret."
P ERSONA L R EMIXICENCES.
Some Unpublished letters of Carlyle to Ed?
ward living and others, dealing with a par
of Carlyle's lite far different from that br ough
out in the recent literature of Carlyle rriiiini.
cences. Recollections of Lincoln and Sum?
ner. By the late Marquis De Chambrun.
Both articles are full or new matter. An
Aitist in Japan. By Robert Blum, who has
just returned trom a residence of nearly two
years in thai country. Abundantly illustra
ted by the author. Historic Moments, which
have b"en a feature of the magazine during
1892, will be continued t>y some particularly
Striking papers, among them eeveral by the
Kreat war correspondents, William H. Rus?
sell, Archibald Forbes, and others.
MEN S O CCU PA T?O XS.
A series of articles on the life work of men
in tunny callings-ihe chief ways (exclusive
of professions) in which men earn their live?
lihood*.
TUE WORLD'S FAIR ?N CHICAGO.
A s>ii?-s will hr published later in the year
giving the impressions made ny the ex bi Oi
bition upon different observers of note, both
A merit-UH and foreign ; and -ninny of these
observers will be also artists who will illus?
trate their own articles.
itIS GEL L A SEO US A R Tl CL ES. '
Further"contri*?utions to th - P.tor in greai
Citi?? Mts. 13 M sett's tllusii.it. d paper ?JU
the London pl >;. for Home A ? to lu ruin)
Children, ?*:c. Of special interest also will ne
Professor H^phin's authoritative account ot
the Pear) Iv-IM I Kx ped i lion (illustrated j a ver\
inteiesting article of l?clave Uzanne on th?
exhibition of Woman's Ait now going on in
Pari-, and articles upon attistie suij^cts, ac?
counts of travrlp, etc , e c.
TU E 1IL US TRA TIO XS.
of the year will represent 111 ?- work not only
ot the well-known ?llu.-tratort?, hut. ninny
drawings will *IM> ip pear hy anists who a:e
best known as painters.
TCDMO. 63 A YEAR.
i tum* ? 25c> A CUMBER.
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issue are a feature with this
Home Newspaper. You should
see to it at once that you
Do Not Miss a Number.
THE DICTIONARY HOLDER
Did you ever learn whit fabulous result* crew out ot th?
manufacturo by Mr. Noyes of an ornamental ?ami to hotd th*
dictionary J The ?tory ren.li like o f.Vuio. hut to tell it on? mud
.sk mother question : Have you ever notice?] th? advertisement,
of the Aermotor ComjiAnv, which ?tart? out as io'.iowi;
45 so!d in v88
2,288 sold in '89
6,268 sold in '90
20,049 so.d in 99f
60,0GQ w'? **> Mid m '92
A Steel WJndmiir?r.? Steel
Tower every 3 minutes.
CT These figures tell the
story of the ever-growl ng,
ever-going, everlasting
Steel Aermotor. Where
one goes others follow,
and we Take the Country
Weil, that ovtn'dishrnent Helot
to La Verne W. N^ye*. and tho
means with which it wrns Hall
up until it is the timi! lexers!
asor ofsteel in the West i'>e>ns
only exceeded by two of the
jrcat Harvester companies!
was wildly finnish* 1 by 'ho
Dictionary Holder husines...
bnngs u* kack to IKe Holde
BJftgests iiifjuiiy ts t-A ho's- it t.? k
and hehl n:d still h"UU th? fi-M,
increasing rapidly fr nt \r*t t.>yc?r.
Tho secret -f that success jsflns:
Mr. Noys has m vin a most | . -:fi i t.
artistic and meritorions article, ami
has maintained a iofk sfand.ird of
excellente nnd snppited the irti
?ta low cure. Th* merit of tin
Dictionary Holders has '." -ci.
Hist they literally sold tuesich
and in such pre it quanti?
ties that a small pr? fit on
each one has made tbe
result al- ve mentioned^
?They have (ronetoalni' stevery
habitable portion cf the plebe,
?ven to the remote islands of
th? sea, and axe kept by eil
eookMlltra,
... IkipniiS 'l'ai>u rs ;u ?,. -J.V. ;it valut
NEW
MARBLE WORKS.
COMMANDER ft RICHARDSON,
LIBERTY STREET, SUMTER; S.'U.
WE HAVE FORMED A CO PARTNERSHIP
For the parp?se of working Marble
' and Granite, manufacturing ,
And doing? General Business in that -line.
A complete work-sliop'has been fitted upon
LIBERTY STREET, NEAR POST OFFICE
And ' we are now ready ' to execute' with
promptness all orders consigned to us.- Satis?
faction guaranteed Obtain our pi ice before
placing an order elsewhere
W H. COMMANDER,
G. E. RICHARDSON..
June 16
I 3| j ^J-r!^^^^ Amer?CaD
W^^??S^^ TRADE MARKS,
?'??W^ DESIGN PATENTS,
COPYRIGHTS, etc.
For information and free Handbook write to -
MUNN & CO.. 361 BROADWAY. NEW YORE.
Oldest bureau for securing patents in America.
Ererv oatent taken ott L7 us.is brought before
the public by a notice given free of charge in the
$mt?x?if Snietwatt
Largest circulation of any scientific paper in the
worid. Solendidlv illustrated. No intelligent
man should be without it. Weekly, S3.00 a
vcar; ?LSO six months. Address JIL'NN * CO.,
ttBLisnERS, 361 Broadway, New York City".
1893.
Harper's Magazine.
ILLUSTRATED.:;:
HARPKRY MAGAZINE "for 1S93 will continue
to maintain- the un rivalled, " standard of
excellence which has characterized it from the
beginning. Among the notable features <-f"the
j-ear theie will be new novel* by A. Conan
Doyle, C?ns'ance Kenim:;re \Vuo!son, and
William Black, ^hort stories will be con
tributed by ?ho most popular " writers of the
d;iy, including Mary K. Wilkins, Bicha rd
Harding Davis, Margaret Deland, Brander
Matthew*, and many others ...The illustrated
descriptive p;ipers will embrace, articles by
Julian Ralph on new Southern and Western
ra> jeets : hy Theodore Child oh India: by
I'.iultney Biglow on Rex?:* and li?" many';'by
Richard Harding Davis on o- London ."? ea-?n ;
by Cobmel ,3*. A. Dodge-on. Rittern. Bidet it : etc
Edwin A. Abbey's illustra ions 0/ Shakes?
peare's Comedies will be contributed by Charles
Kliot. Mrs .lames T. Fields; 'William Dean
Howells, Brander Matthews,-and-otf.ers. "
Harper's Periodicals?
Per Year :
HARPER'S MAGAZINE. 4 00
HARPER'S WKHKI.Y. ...........'4 00
HARPER'S BAZAP. ^^.-...r.'.$4 00
HARPER'SYo&.se I'B-.PLE. ...; 2*00
Postage Free to all Subscribers in the United
States. Canada, or Mexico. ?
The vo-umes of the Magazine begin with the
Numbers lor Jut:e and December of. each-year:
When ur? tittie is specified, subscriptions will
begin with the Number current at time of re?
ceipt of or.?er. . .'
Bound Volumes of Harper's Magasin?, for
three years bark, in neat cloth binding, wjll be
sent'by mail, postpaid, on receipt of. $3 (U) per
volume. Cloth Ca.?es. for bin ding.^0 cents
each-by mail, postpaid.
Remittances should be made by Post Office1
Money Order or Draft, to avoid chance of loss
Ne-*'papers are not to copy this advertise
ment without the express order "of Harper A
l?roihers. ' ' - '
Address HARPER ?? Ii ROTH EUX.. New Y?>rft"
1893.
Harper's Bazar.
ILLUSTRATED.
IJ A i; r-.-: it's B:iz >r is M. j.'urnnl for-.-the h r> ru ?>.
jt gives thc fullest aol latest juformatmu
about F;i.-liions,' and ?ts numerous, illustration,*'
Paris design*, and pattern -beet supplements
are indi>pen.-a!>'e a?ke to the home dress lu -.ker
and the professional modifie. No -expense is
spared to make i's anieiic a xracti venes* of the
highest oru*r. Its bright stories, amusing com?
edies, and thoughtful essays satisfy all tart ev,
?tr.d its last page is famous'as a budget of-wit
and humor. In its weekly issues everything is
included which is of interest to women. The.
Serials for lSy:{ xviii be?wnj?eii by; Wa?j?r
Besa nt sod Edna Lya 1 Oiiris.tioe Te ? birrie'
Herrick" will furni?b a practical cerita., emitted*
..At tho Toilet." li race. King. Olive., 1 horne
Miller, and Candace Wheeler will be frequeuJ
contributor.*.' 'i'hc work if w?>m?n in thc.
uiuidan Kxpn.-iii'?a will- h? fullv-: represented
with many ill ostral ions. 'JJ. W Higginson, "fir'
.Women and Men,'' vf iii please a cultivated'
audience.
Harper's Periodicals.
Ter Year:
HAR P K R'S M A (i A ZIN K, Ons Year.4 ' 00
HA lt PE R'S W KKK LY, One Year.$4 00
HA RP KR'S BAZ \ R,."...4 OU
HARPER'S YOUNti P?0P?E.-?.2-00
Postage Free to-all subscribers in the United
States, Canada, or Mexico.
The volumes of the Bazar begin with ih?
first number lor January- of each year
When no time is mentioned subscriptions will]
begin with the dumber current at time of rS--'
ceip? of order. ' ;~
Bound 'Volumes of HARPER** BAZAR forthr.ee
years back," in neat cloth bining, will be -en: .J
by mail, postage paid-, or by express. fre?? of
expense (provided the freigl.t Hoes not exce-'d
one dollar per voluo e.) foV $7 00 per rt-Iaiue
Cloth oases for e'ajrh volume, suitable for;
binding, will le sent by mail, postpaid oh.
receipt of $1.00 each. ' '
Remittances should be made?by Post-Offi'c*
Money Order, or Draft, lo avoid chance ni lh$*
Newspapers are not to copy this advrrtise
ment without the exptess order of Harper.A
Brothers. Address
HARPER ? BROTHKKS, New York.
SOtix Year.
The Great Farm, Industrial and
Stix-h Journal nf the South.
ONE- TSAR FOR $1- "
?Sample copies will be mailed FREE on ap?
plication to
THE CULTIVATOR PURL SHIN G CO .
Box 415, Atlanta, G*
Special Premium of Ft ee Ticket to World's
Fair. Dec 14.
If you want
A FIRST CLASS EASY .HIDING
Road Cart,
AT A REASONABLE PRICE,
GET A
Geiieseo,
GEO. I. STEFFENS & SON,
Wholesale Agents. Charleston. S. C. .
TO RENT. j
ITIITHRR (?Ii BOTH BUILDINGS, fur- ! 1
j nibbed or not, opposite the A. C. L.pas?
tetiger depot. Lundi counter, and 2 Soda
Water an?ratures and Milk Shake attachment.
Cull on or address,
CURTIS HOUSE.
H. B & C. S. CURTIS, Proprietors,
Sumter, S.?.
THE
Nuts, j Mince
Raisins aM Meat
We are now offering,
RENEW GOODS AND THE PRICES
ARE VERY LOW. .
Heinz's Mince Meat, Mic.
Mixed Nuts 15c. per pound. Having quite a large line of
Canned Goods we would be pleased to make
prices in quantities.
KINGMAN & CO.
Dec. 12.
I
Fa rmers buy horses in Jan nary, so
1 will have in
A Fresh Car Load
Dec.
Come and See Them.
Hi KARBY.
Sumter, Si ?., Dec. 20, 1892.
Furniture
A Large and varied assortment.
All Grades at most reasonable prices
PICTURES, mmm SHADES, AC.
Call and see our stock and prices before buying.
Satisfaction guaranteed.
J. D. CRAIG,
Furniture Dealer and Undertaker,
Cor. Canal and Main Sts., Sumter, 3. C.
M?mM and WIJTTEB?
/ We are coming again to the front with a full line of
MEN'S LADIES' AND CHILDREN'S
BOOTS AND SHOES.
. ' Be Fair with yourself and see.
Our Fall Stock Before Buying.
A
Bi
D
(Sign of the Big Red Boot,)
Is the Bight Place to pt the Bight Matthe Bight Prices.
. Our Styles are popular, and
..?? . Our Goods possess the Worth and Honest Merit.
' There is no question about
Our Prices being the Lowest in this Market.
Everybody will testify of that, and
Our Goods will please you.
We lift up onr voice to announce that
r \\ ' We expect every one to do their duty and
Come and inspect our immense Stock of
C ll fl C C Ranging in price C If AC ?
3nUCJi From 25c,to $7* OllWMt
... There can be no risk in seeing our immense stock of
FOOTWEA
But there is positive loss for you by not coming to see us.
Therefore drop in and take your choice of anything m. our
stock at a price that is bound to make you come again.
We call special attention to our
Men's Cong. Gaiters Goodyear Soles at $3.
Ladies' Kid Button Shoes at - - $2.
These are bargains that will not l?e
Found anywhere during this
Season.
Oct 19-v