The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, January 27, 1892, Image 2

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?$t Slat binan m? i od km W?iDNBSDAY, JAN. 27, ?92. Tba ?tmter Watchman was founded ?ft 1S50 ?nd the TVwe Southron ic 1866. Tie W atckma* and Southron DOW has thu oe* a bi oed circulation and influence of bellt of the old papen, and is mani mstly ?the beet advertising medium in Ssster. EDITORIAL KOTES. ' The Columbia Board of .Tiade has takes ap tbe question of a World's Fair exhibit, mud Mr. Fre? 'A.* Sale, chair suis of tbe committee^appoinied by the Bard baa issued an appeal to the people of tbe State. The appeal should be read by.ereryooe and acted upoo at osee. Tbe Sumter Board of Trade' ?sosM sot let the matter remain longer enacted on. Tbe people of Sumter are *?a4f ? o do their pa? ead tue Board of Trade is tbe proper body to inaugurate Ibo movement here, ls a letter published today Mr. J. P. Wihos suggests a way to re-organize the Democracy of the county. While his asggeefcWjs$|ofealt0gether practicable Is detaifc^6|so?* that Mr. Wilson is actuated by a spirit of justice and sin eerity, and a desire for the restoration of harmony in ?he party. It is a spirit ;$3t?t ?a deHght to see; and. if it were abroad ia tbajoonaty- a settlement of all ?i?fereeees would be a matter of meje detail. Ia tbe last campaign Mr. Wil? een wee ose of the strongest supporters of 'tbe Tillman movement in Sumter Tbe reports on the Chilean situation daring tbe lest few days have ' been of euch a conflicting nature that it is im? possible to tell shat the_raal situation ta. It ia said tbat there is no danger of jrar, that Chile bas backed do wo, offer? ed t4T?oto^? and Withdrawsthe re -OSO^^^recail gf Egan, offered to aubans Iba natter to arbitration or to a section of the CT. S. .Supreme Court. "Wbfl&to tbe contrary it is reported tbat Chilabas no saab-., intentions of apolo gistsgand is Braking all speed in war, preparations. There may be a' war, but we do sot believe it, and if there ts a ?nr it will be a useless and unjust one, ia which there will be neither honor nor Sfoirar tbe United States. A dipping from the Freeman states ?bat Mr. Thomas is wilting to com pro? bat is opposed to a primary on t of expense.- Wheo principle se at stake, tbe question of expense .ebould not be considered. While we tbave entire -confidence in Mr. Hayns? vorth, ?sd know tbat he would prove =sn acceptable ?ebairmaa to both factions, -we de sot believe it woojd be ibe most ^advisable coarse io pursue, unless the re-organiaariGJi ?boald begin with the ?teHorgassnt?en of the dabs. We con 'teed that the Coanty Oemocraey should be organised os ?be basis of numbers, sot es the basis of ?lobs? as was at? tempted bet e/eac We sttil contend a primary is tbe ou?y practicable to eettle t?e ?diff?rences existing in ^Salter County. CEOOETTIC 6TATES KAK. South Carolina's worthy Govern oe io bia struggle for political prominence ard patronage, inaugurated a se? sys-" tom of procedure, introduced a most droned innovation into politics se this btete. Before Bet janis emerged* from abe shades of bis secluded ?2 77 an sere Can?, os ?hieb bis taxes af 1891 bav? set yet been paid, things political jo ?es ?5 State ?ere eon ducted deeeotiy and ia order, lt is true that the cam ?paSgosmay bave been ?anting in ex ci te meet mod spice, incident to the cam paiftt of wholesale abuse and stentorian ?lowing ?btes'esr worthy Governor in asrjsistrftd^ flirt, ?bat was wanting, was more tbao <n*&e op by the order and toned..?C99^*. : Tillman ?rst ?a?a?oeo?^To prom? inence se s pouHeai ?oeeno^ary^by . mease of bis ?novel oteSsod, maoy peo S??see? sees cudgeling ti ei r brains in -idle moments, to discover wit euee he ?rew bte inspiration, if inspired; or erbetfaer be ?as tbe originate?-. Tbe writer/or cse, had decided that Til l?es waa ? native monstrosity, politics, J method asd ail, and that bis admirers mere correct io dubbing bim au or i gi g^ijesSM "But it is not so, bis method %. ?at ?rif i**?r The source of his in ?pka?o# fess been discovered. i?zr?d CrAcfcett, tao great bear bun? ter of tbe Tennessee backwoods, was, is ?bis lisi?, a huaior?st of some note. .Cn ^^Ss?siposa d?saasrses-he touched on fj rf raw ne bj ^'tr for his humor was oiTs^ geosrous bina that flowed freely Slatter ?ow b*aacfeed. Once he epdke as polities and {nam tie fidelity of the resemblance of T'4'teaaea politi? cal career to tba directions giwen by Crockett, when humorous!? ?adio&d, the mntei't?Convinced that TilUun ac? cepted tbe directions seriously asd has ^?aJioosly followed them. ^?ooksUta?d: V Attend all public meetings, and get tu?noe fr-ends to move that you, take tiie <4air ; if you fail in this attempt, make. a pd??U be^appointed secretary $:!*feo proceedings ?f course will be published. and your nave ist?rod ?eeT?o ?Tie gob?OT But should yo? fail ?in both undertak ?o gif'gti? 'tm*?1 or % nee arquai h ta ni?es, over a bottle of whisky, to pass some1 resolutions, oa matteo on what subject; pabftshv Instil : even it* year have to pay tbe print?r4-it will lUnswer tiie purpofe of ornais ii g the ice, which is the main poi tri in friese matters'.- Intrigue until voe are elected an officer of the militia ; this io the seooud step toward promo? tion, and can be accomplished with ease, as I know an instance of an elec? tion being advertised, and no one attend ing, the innkeeper at whose house it was to be freld, having a military tarn, elected himself .colonel of his regiment. Yon may not accomplish your ends with as little di?c*o%y, bu?. do not be dis? couraged-Rome wastft built in a day. If your ambition or circumstances cou/ pel you to serve your, cone try, and earn three dollars a day, by becoming a.mem ber of the Legislature, you must first publicly avow that the Constitution of the State is a shackle noon free and lib a eral legislation ; and is, therefore, of as little use in the present enlightened age, as an old almanac of the year ia which it was framed. There is a policy io this measure, for by making the con? stitution a mere dead letter, your head Joog^roceeSmgs will be attributed lo a bold and unshackled mind ; whereas, otherwise it might be thought they arose from fcheer mulish ignorance. "The Government" has set the example io his attack upon the Constitution of the United States, and who should fear to follow where the Government leads ? ?.When "the day of election approach? es, visit your constituents far and wide. Treat liberally, and drink freely, io order to rise in their estimation, though jon fall in your own. True, you may be called a drunken dog by some of the clean shirt and silk stocking gentry, but the real rough necks will style yoo a Jovial fellow, their votes are certain, an ci frequeutiy count double. DJ all you can to appear to advantage to the ejes of the women. That's easily done -you have but to kiss and slobber the children, wipe their noses, and pat them on the bead ; this cannot fail tn please the mothers, and you may rely upon yoor business being done in that quar? ter. * ?Promise all that is asked," said I, .?and more, if you eau think of any? thing. Offer to build a bridge, to dr vide a county, create a batch of- new offices, make a turnpike, or anything' I they like. Promises cost nothing, therefore deny nobody who has ar Vote, or sufficient influence io obtain one. "Get up on all occasions, and somer times on no occasion at aH, and make long-winded speeches, though composed of nothing else than wind-talk of your devotion to your country, your modesty, and disinterestedness, or of any such fanciful subject. Rail against taxes of all kinds; office-holders, and bad bar* vest weather ; and wind up with a flourUh about the heroes who fought and bled for our liberties in the times that tried men's souls. To be sure, you mast run the risk of bet a g consid? ered a bladder of wiud, or an empty barrel, but never mind that ; you will Sod enough of the sa toe fraternity to keep you in countenance. ' If any charity be going fowafd, be at the top of TFprovided it is to be adver? tised publicly ; if not it istifc worth yoor while. None but a fool would ?'lace bis candle nuder a bushel on tuen an occasion. * ?These few directions,7' said I, **if properly attended to. will do your busi? ness ; and when once elected, why a 5g for the dirty children, the promises, the bridges, the churches, the taxes, the offices, and the subscriptions, for it is absolutely necessary to forget all these before you can become a thoroughgoing politician?- and a patirot of the first water." Who would h::ve imagined that ao idle jest, made by Davy Crockett more than a half century ago, would be the means of destroying democratic har? mony in j the Palmetto State. .Verily old Carolina has fallen from her once proud estate when the jest of a hum? orist can be the inspirion that leads to the overthrow of order and prosprity in polities, the banishment of statesmen from her legislative balls, and the defeat of Wade Hampton. How trie; The ?vil that men do K*es af.er them; The good is oft interred with their bones." So it must have been with Crockett he was ao honest man. THE WOBLD'S PAIB. The Greenville Netcs has undertaken to arouse the State to the importance of- having a suitable exhibit at the World's Fair from South Carolina. lt is a great undertaking, and one difficult of accomplishment, yet if the JXeics is supported as it deserves, it is oot impossible. . We have repeatedly brought the mat? her to" the attention of the readers of this flaper and they are already familiar w?t? the benefit the State will derive from keitog represented by a complete exhib?* <??her resources at the F-ir, and what will be lost by not being represent? ed. It is ?ft^oubtedly the golden op? portunity of tte age to attract capital and the best efoes of emigrants to the grate-the two tir?gs we ?nosVneed to ^ make us prosperous. The State has ettural advantages, were they made koowa to the world, sufficient to-bring capitalists here seek? ing investment, aud the only reason more foreign capital fcae ?Gt invested here, is because the resources of the -country are unknown. The World's Fair will be tite grand .e&t advertisement of Amercea that has ever been conceived, and it is important that South Carolina have a place, and that that.place be filled by aa exhibit ; worthy of the State, i We heartily support the Greenville Kew* in the effort to have the people ol ^tre'Siate make an effort to do the work ?that properly belongs to the State itself, j If each city, town, village and netgh ! bot hood will take hold of the matter with enthusiasm, and each do tts part, the result will so far surpass anything r-fcat could have beeo done by the State that wc shall have cause for congratula? tion and uot for regret that the Legisla? ture did not perform its duty. We are su?e that Sumter, county and city, will do her full share, for she has never been found wanting io the past when aoy public enterprise needed her support. Meeting of the^Democratie Conven? tion. WASHINGTON, January 22-The Na tiona-T'Democratic committee has issued this call : The National Democratic committee, at a meeting held this day in the city of Washington, D. C., has appointed Tuesday, the 21st day of June, 1892, as the time and has chosen the city of Chicago as the place for holding the National Democratic Convention. Each State is entitled to representation there? in equal to double the number of rep? resentatives to which it is entitled in the next Electoral College, and each Territory and the District of Columbia shall have two delegates. AU Demo? cratic, conservative citizens of the Uni? ted States, irrespective of past political associations and" differences, who 'can unite with us in the' effort for pure, economical and constitutional govern? ment, are cordially invited; to join us in sending delegates to the Convention. Calvin S. Brice, Chairman. Simon P. Sheerin, Secretary. January 21. 1892 A Suggestion. GAILLARD'S X ROADS, Jan. 25, 1892. To the Editor of the W. and S : DBAR SIR-Please allow me space in your most valuable paper, to express through its columns, a few suggestions, whicb, I think will be beneficial to the democracy of Sumter County. I noticed that at the meeting of the State Executive Committee held Ht Columbia a short time., ago, Mr. H. R.Thomas was re? cognized as the member of that Committee from Sumter County. I do not think that there is but one legal Executive Committee and but one legal chair? man of that committee in Sumter County, and that is the one which was elected in 1888. Tbe Executive Committee of the County Dem? ocracy elected Capt. Gaillard at that time chairman. I bold also that there was no legal Democratic Convention organized in Sumter County in 1890., Let the citizens of Sumter County call meetings and petition Capt. Gaillard to call the Executive Com? mittee together and call a convention and let the President of those clubs that have split up, withdraw, and those clubs re-unite and organize and elect delegates to the conven? tion called by the legal chairman, Capt. Gail lard, and organize a legal convention in Sumter Couuty, for there is no legal conven? tion in Snmter County, and in my opinion the State Exeoutive Committee made a big ''mistake in recognising either one of those conventions as being legal in Sumter County. ! I think the .democrats should bess brothers. This I do for the good of the democracy of J Sumter County, for the democrats should be j a* one. While we may differ in opinion on sotne subjects, let the majority rule and har? mony prevail. Respectfully, 1 J P. WILSON. Ray L. Royce will hnve a fine house Satur ; day, Jan. 30th, as hts fame as a clean and finished artist has preceeded him and our peo? ple like artists of this class. Some Good Points for Farmers Hr. Editor: Io this day of financial tightness and autieul tu -al gloom, the follow? ing extract from a letter to me from a gen? tleman in Marlborough County. ' May be of interest to your readers. It shows that some people c-n make motley at farming. Ile says, "One of my farms-one horse-has turned out gross sale;; to-something over $1100 and still have part to dispose of. I bad 17 acres in cotton which made 15 bales of 500 lbs. each, and paid toll for ginning. These I sold for $522 00 I sold of honey 2060 lbs. 206 00 1 soid from two arres of oats, sheaf 70 00 23 full tired light Brahma chicks 23 00 Common eggs 12 50 Pork _? 10 10 Shucks 4 00 Fodder 15 00 I colt 2 yrs, 8 mo. old 125 00 Milk 4 00 Bres ?.3 00 Rula Baga turnips ~? 51 00 and the supply not wholly exhausted and the farra has supported 5 head of horses and colts and bas oats sufficient to keep the same until outs come. There are a few other small amounts that might be added. I will plant soon a crop of early spring turnips for North? ern shipments, and shall coutiuue to run as I did in '91-but enough." j From the above we see this gentleman don't depend alone on cotton for his living. He is one of the most practical farmers of his County, and if his system, or something sim- i iiar, was adopted our people would not he in the terribie financial straight they now find themselves in. lt is useless to deny it, hun? dreds, and thousands of our best men ran t to-daYpay their debts because they baye deV"; pended alone?n^cotton as a money crop. If is a "delusion and n snare" to doJk>, and* like the pot of gold at the end ofifhe ?am-bow, j can never be found. Cotton will bankrupt any aim who follows it exclusively. A j crisis cs upon usan present. If cotton goes lower next fall the country will be hopelessly bankrupt. Let us all hope and work for a greater degree of prosperity .to our beloved State. Economy should not only'be preached out practiced. J. E. DUPRB. Pisgah, S. C. Jan. 23 '92. To the Memorial Association. There are a number of Confederate soldier* who died in the hospital here during the war or ?ere killed at the battle of Dingle's ?ill, interred io ?he cemetery. The names of some of them are known, but there has never been any permanent mark put over their graves; and in a few years longer, even those that are known, will be forgotten, and all alike will lie in nameless graves. It is true that the ^ lory of this country, is insep? arably linked to the graves of the nameless heroes who gave up their lives in defence of liberty, and posterity will never cease to honor them; but honored as is the memory of the unknown dead, there is no reason why the graves of the known should not be com? memorated by a simple stone, engraved with the name and that he wa3 a "soldier of the Confederacyx" or that the graves of the unknown should tiot be marked in the same manner. It is a duty that we owe to the dead, that their graves be marked. There are only a few buried in the tvine'ery here, and the cost of placiog simple granite head and foot stones to the graves would be insignificant. If the Ladies Memorial Asfociatiou will take the matter in hand the amount necessary can easily be raifed. It will l?e a noble and praiseworthy undertaking and will, we are sure, receive hearty support from every one. You don't want a torpid liver. Yo'u don't want a bad complexion. You don't want a bad brenth. Yon don't want a headache. Then use DeWitt's Little ? irly Risers, the famous little pills. J S. Hughson A Co. Converse Coilege. SPARTANBURG, S. C , Jan 15, '92. To the Pattons and Friends of Con? verse College : The Main Building of Converse Col? lege was destroyed by five on the night of January the 2nd, 1892. No liv* 8 were lost, and uo bodily harm done to any one. The 1 arge Annex, which can com? fortably accommodate seveoty-five stu? dents and ten teachers, was saved. The entire first fioor of tue Annex was built for recitation rooms and furnishes good accommodations for teaching. The Physical and Chemical Labora? tory, with ail the appliances aud large recitation room, were uninjured. Music rooms are provided for and a number of new pianos are placed in ?them. An Art Room well lighedt and furuishad with all ueeded materials was immediately prepared The same Faculty will be retained, and work in every department continued as before and without interruption; The teachers and students have been very brave in the face of this calamity. We appreciate very much the roany letters aud messages of mpaihy and encouragement that have come lo us from all over the country, but especially do we appreciate in this tryiog time the entire loyalty of patrons, teachers and students of the College. Cooverse College has spared no expense to make itself the best appointed and regulated College for womcu in the Southern States. We will begin at once to rebuild a larger and finer budding thsn 'before, which will be thoroughly protected from fire by water-pipes and firc-proof walls, and by next October a building of which the South may be proud and which will gratify tbe patrons and friends of the College, will stand where the former building stood. COD verse College is not dead. She lives in the love and sympathy of thousands of hearts, and she stands to? day undaunted and resolute to go forth upon her co ut ic ned mission of bene? faction. To this end we ask the hearty sup? port and sympathy of the patrons and friends of Converse College. B. F. WILSON, President Converse College. Endorsed by Board of Directors. D. E Converge. Pres. ; Wm. S. Man? ning, Sec. & Treas. ; D. B. Duncan, C. E. Fiemiog, Joseph Walker, J. H. Montgomery, J. B Cleveland, N. F. Walker, W. E Burnett. Mr. Herbert, of Ala., has introduced a bill into Congress providing for the renoval of the section of the statutes which prohibits ex-Confederates from holding a commission in thc United States Army. Teachers' Association Department, Examination of Pupils. ? well organized school system i? an imposai hility without some thorough, broad, system* tic means of ascertaining the proficiency of the pupils. Examinations aloneafford this menus. True, examinations as they have -been con? ducted in many of our schools, have been pro? lific of injury to the physical, mental and moral natures of pupils and teachers alike. I do not desire to abandon examinations alto gether : but I desire to bave a more reasons ble and just system than tbat relic of educa tional superstition and barbarism now used in many of our schools. Let us sre if there is not a more rational method of examination which will accomplish the desired ends, and at the same time avoid the.evils that have so generally accompanied them. The aim of theexarainaiion is to show how far the pupil hts profited by his study and instructions and how much practica good he has obtained from them. We desire to know if the pupil has apprehended the les sons as presented hy book or teacher and bis them deeply imbedded in that precise form This information may be derived from fri* quent reviews-oral or written. These re? views may ne held weekly, but better daily, thereby keeping the general scope of instruc? tion and eutject matter before the mental eye of the pupil. Most teachers ask a few ques? tions on the lesson of the day before, but these questions are generally thought, by tbe pupils, at least, to be of little consequence. My experience i? that no topic should he left until thoroughly mastered or until a thor? ugh test, review or examination has been held to see f the pupil has apprehendrd the subject maller and the teacher's method of instruc? tion. These daily reviews or frequent tx*m ioations serve a double purpose. They are an indispensable sid to teaching. "Nine tenths of all we remember in life ie very much more due to conscious or unconscious reconsideration than to any primary, vigo? rous mastery of it. The pupils feei free to display ignorance and difficulty on the advance lessons, and do not hesitate to ask questions. I am of the opin? ion that pupils should not be punished in any form or shape for th? advance lp>son, for fre? quently we find the child has not apprehend? ed the suiject matter and the teacher is to be blamed, because he fails to explain the points of the advanced lesson. ' Itgivese>ch pupil a chance to have the benefit of the teacher's instruction and expla? nation on difficult points before he is finally held responsible for knpwitig them. It com? pels the pnpil to go over the lessons several times thoroughly and gives the teacher the opportunity to bring out the chief points several times. These results, tabulated and accompanied by the teacher's comments as to the age, charac? ter, health, capacity, temperament and profi? ciency of the pupil, afford the Superintendent one very important element in the problem of promotion. He knows by this the pupil's fidelity to daily duty. He is sure that the pupil who stHnds well in these reviews, not for one day or one hour only, but for several days, has held in his memory ar least .the con? tents of his ?daily lessons, and this has been accomplished io a brief space of time and without requiring jtbe fpnpil to carry in his .mind at any time an excessive load of memo? rized details. The second kind of examination is to test the pupil's power to make practical use of what lie has learned. I contend that the us,ial way of not finding this out is farcical. W.bst teacher is competent to see to what practical use a' child bas put the study of geagrai>hy by simply requiring him to write answer to ten questions at a stated period ? if a child can.give a good definition of sn island is it necessary for ns to conclude that be has fully grasped'the subject? 3y no menos The moulding board/ must be brought before our pupils and here they must be required to form these objects, which to th^m ate pictures in nature. Teach the thing itself before giving the name, idea before sign. The first steps in geography is to teach that part of the School District which may be seen and travelled over Teach nothing for the thing itself, but for that which lies be? yond. Definitions of all geographical forms should be discovered by children and never told them. Effort to discover is of greater value than a definition. Let the pupil see that a definition, instead of preceeding u les so"), as it often does, should be the conclu? sion of the lesson, or some definite part of it; it is not the giving of additional knowl? edge, it is the summing np, a deduction. Much of the pupil's knowledge sho.uld be gain? ed out of doors apart from school hours and then comes the teacher's time to ask searching test questions. Of course these questions will vary with different subjects. Problems in arithmetic and algebra, original propositions in geometry, the writing out in the pupil's own language of a story told by the teacher or an original story, in grammar and rhetoric, the summing up of topics in history in the form of a letter to some friend, translations in language, kc. This form of examinations teaches the pupil to turn his know ledge io account, it trains him in neatness, accuracy, and method. It is moie uearly like the lest of actual life. It is very rare in real life to have catch-questions sprung upon us. We know what is expected bf us before hand, we have time to ponder it, to consult the best books, to make a few rough experiments, and then if we fail it is simply because we do not know how to do the thing. Now this second kind of examination gives the pupil all the time he wants and all the legitimate aid, does not give him cause to worry and fret, but makes ?tis education practical and applies to bim precisely the same test that the world will give him afier he leaves school. Therefore it is the most valuable feature of education and a roost effective test. The third kind of examination should come at the end of the course. This final examina? tion should have for its object to see if the pupil has comprehended the subject ; his ap? preciation of its main features. Right here I would caution teachers against trying to teach too much ; against dealing with too many technicalities. Ths questions should be set by the teacher, and wu h special atten? tion to the points emphasized on the reviews. These questions should never go into partic? ular details of Special lessons, but should he conti.?ed to those prominent points and fea? tures which have been pointed out and re-ite? rated by the teacher from day to day so thnt every pupil, who has paid attention and laker, an interest in the subject will be able to an? swer the questions intelligently. The pupils should be plainly told that this examination will be of such a character that no stuffing or cramming the mind with the details of the text book will help them to pass it All that is necessary is to have a clear understanding of those topics that have been dwelt upon in the class room ; to give a summary of the topics reviewed from time to time. Such an examination will he play to those pupils who have been earnest, attentive and interested in their work. It will be impossible for those Ul pass who have been inert, lit tl -ss, thought lets, aud who have Ramed thc buok by rotc. This kind of examination furnishes an object? ive point toward which the oral instruction of ?he teacher maj be directed during the last of the term, which should be directed to a omprehensive review. It will help to im? press upon the mind those leading features which such a review, if conducted properly, should bring out. It inculcates in the pupil the habit of thinking about his studies, aad accustoms him to see the meaning of what 1M learns. Now this examination, together with the frequent reviews, gives us ail the necessary information retarding the pupil's fit? ness for promotion. WV kuow from each p.upil how well he has learned his daily les? sons ; we know how intelligently, neatly, and effectively he can put into practical operation w'nat he bas learned ; we know tbe capacity of the mind to perceive and understand the subjects as one broad whole. We bare se? cured these results without worry or fret c? the part of the pupil, without distrust or suspicion on the part of tbe teacher, and with? out tbe trouble of close mathematical cul ca? l?t ion on the part of the teacher or examiner. The memorizer, the careful, painstaking and plodding pupil and the pupils of such keen, intuitive perceptions have all hnd the same opportunity. Every pupil who is fitted for promotion on any ground whatever has bad every just and legitimate chance to make clear hb fitness. Such examinations meet the requirements for which examinations are ad? vocated, and at the same time does away with every objection against any and all forms of examination. At the same time by making the final examination, only one of three con? siderations, it accomplishes tbe end desired by those who do not lay much stress on final ex? aminations ; and at the s*nie time by ranking the examination on such a broad plane that all who have been attentive and thoughtful find it child's play. How should these exam? inations be marked ? I am of the opinion that we should use genera) terms, excellent, good, passable, deficient. Think of a child, perhaps by cheating, being promoted with an average of 70.1 per cent., while a con seien tious child who bas worked faithfully during the year, is left behind because be only re? ceives 69.9 per cent. Socb a system simply impresses upon the pupil that our daily Hie is not to be considered, but that all will be summed up at the last hour when it will be determined, regardless of our daily record, whether we shall be rewarded or punished. ls it at al) surprising that many men learn to take the chances when tbey come in contact with tbe world, inasmuch "HS their whole education, both intellectual and moral, has tended to impress this fact upon their minds. God be praised that the clouds are now be? ginning to be driven away by the sun of a more rational system of estimating the value of the work done by our pupils. In conclu? sion permit me to say that I am opposed to the method of having a pet set of questions valued at so much a piece. Our education should be conducted on a broad plan, and no pupil's recitation should be valued at 9 because be failed to answer one question. If pupils should be marked at all, they should receive genera) marks as I have above indicated. In place of stated examinations I am of the opin? ion, after a careful consideration, that stu? dents who-e work in every branch is satisfac? tory should be excused, and only delinquents retained for the examination. The evil of "cramming" for marks would be eliminated by this plan, while the stimulating power is retained in cases where it is needed. I am sincere when 1 say that in my judgment we as a body of teachers, should use the reviews which I have previously explaioed. Judi? cious reviews are examination?, or tests, pure and simple, with an extraordinary power added lo compel attention. Let us be natu? ral in our work and not use forced methods. Let our instruction be practical. ''Let mother nature come into your school-room and be your assistant. She is not too proud to do so. Sbe will help you if you let her." J. *B Durna. A signal service to weak woman? kind is the find? ing of lost health -the building-up of " a run-down n system. Nothing does it so surely as Dr. Picrco's Favorite Pre? scription. It cures all tho de? rangements, irregularities and weaknesses peculiar to the sex It's the most perfect of strength-givers, imparting tone and vigor to the whole system. For overworked, debili? tated teachers, milliners, seamstresses, " shop? girls, " nursing mothers, and feeble- women generally, it is tho greatest earthly boon, being unequaled as an appetizing cordial ana restorative tonic. "Favorite Prescription w gives satisfaction in every case, or money paid for it is promptly refunded. That's the way it's sold ; that's tho way its makers prove their faith in it. Contains no alcohol to inebriate; no syrup or sugar to derange digestion ; a legitimate medicine, not a bexeraqe. Purely vegetable and perfectly harmless rn any con? dition of the system. World's Dispensary Medical Association, Propr's, Buffalo, K. Y. Shiloh's Consumption Cure.! This is beyond question the most aoccwsfnl Cough Medicine we have ever sold, a few doses invariably cure the worst cases of cough*, Croup and Bronchitis, while its wonderful success ia the cure of Consumption is with? out a parallel in th?, history of medicine. Since its first discov#r-y it.has been sold on a guarantee, a test which no other medicine can stand. If j?u hav? xxoiigh wj^earoestly ask you to try it. Price 10c , 50c. and $1. If your lungs are sore, chest, or back lame, use Shiloh's Porous Plaster. Sold by Dr. A. J. China. Sumter S. C. 1 MARKETS. SUMTER, S. C., Jan. 27, 1892. COTTON-Receipts for week ending January 27, about 75 t>ales. Following are the quotations: Lbw Middling 6; Middling 6?@6f. Market steady. GBOCKRIBS-The following wholesale quo? tations.are furnished us by one of the largest establishments in this city, and which does a iarge wholesale business. Bacon-D. S. O. R. Sides C. R. " Smoked Shoulders Mams No. 2 lt "1 Sugar-Cut loaf " Stan'd Granulated " .? C. 4J. Coffee 16@20c. Tea 30@60c. Flour according to grade $4.75<?>$6 00. CHARLESTON, S. C., Jan. 26, 1892. COTTON -Market dull Low Middling 6|; Middling 7 ; Good Middling 7J. WANTST ADVERTISEMENTS of five lines or less will t>e inserted under this head for 25 cents for each insertion. Additional lines 5 cents per line. _ WANTED-Boarders, young men and married couples. First-class accom? modations and reasonable prices. Mrs. W. E M i ms 126 Church street. Jan. 27 2t. TO RENT-The Dwelling on Main Street next Dr. A. J ^China's residence. Con? tains 8 rooms besides kitchen and other con? veniences. Apply to D. China at City Drug Store._Jan. 20 tf. TU RENT-Store with good yard enclosed, to rent on Liberty Street. Also rooms in dwelling on Liberty Street For particu? lars apply to Mrs H. M. Cusick. Jan. 13-3t. LOTS FOR SALE-Two fine building lots on West side of Harny Avenue next to residence of John T. Green. Esq. 62^x287 feet. For terms, apply to A. C. Phelps. Dec. 2.-tf_ FOR SALE-Planting lands in all sections of Sumter and Clarendon counties. Small farms and large plantations, city lots in all parts of the city. W. H. INGRAM, October 14. Broker. T Y7ANTED-Any young person desiring W to attend a first-class Business, Short? hand or Telegraph College can get talua ble information by seeing the Editor of this paper in person. SHERIFF'S SALES! BY virtue of a certain Execution, to me directed, will he sold at Sumter C. H., on th'.-first MUNDA V and day following in February next, 1892, and as many days thereafter as may be necessary, within the legal hours of sale, to the highest bidder, for cash, the following property : 4 bales cotton, 15 bushels corn more or less, 225 bushels cottun seed more or less, 3 bushels pens more nr ?ess, and 200 lbs., fodder more or less, levied upon and to be sold as the pro? perty of J-4mes A. Griggs, under a warrant to seize crop under lien of S. L. Keels, and Son, against James A. Griggs. E. SCOTT CARSON, S. S. C. SbtritTb Ullke, Jau. 13, IH'JZ. FERTILIZERS ! Fertilizers ! - ? Fertilizers! Bargains. .t -? c ' .' 3 We are in the field offering great h?fw gains in all our lines this month to make room for Spring stock? Want of Time Prevents our giving particulars but still we have tim? i& tell you that we are handling large quantities of Fertilizers! At exceedingly Reasonable Rates. Look for our ?dv?rt?se~ ment next week. h Advances in Farmers supplies and fertilizers eaii hfe arranged for on good paper. ,. ??I?P SIGN OF THE BIG HAND. SUMTER and REMBERT, S. C. ra .?Ki Call and look through our ,K . . .Si? sain Counter. Large lot of remnants at half Tallie. Germantown Wool in following colors at actual cost :- , Garnet, Scarlet, White, Bloe, Black and Brown. Saxony Yarn : Black, Scarlet, White, Gray and Blue. Ladies9 Wool Vests at Cost. One Lot Heavy Shawls at Cost. All CLOAKS, WRAPS AND JACKETS at actual cost. Fine Blankets at #10, formerly #12.50, and otter blankets from #6.50 up, at same reduction. Other bargains we cannot enumerate. Respectfully, BROWNS & PURDY. SZI*MTER, & C.