The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, February 29, 1888, Image 1

Below is the OCR text representation for this newspapers page. It is also available as plain text as well as XML.

FHK SUMTER WATCHMAN, Established April, 1850. "Bs Just and Fear not-Let all the Ends thou Aiins't at, be thy Country's, thy God's aid Truth's" THE TR UK SOrTHRON, Established June, #186? Consolidated Au?. 2, 18SL1 SUMTER, S. C., WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 29, 1888. New Series-Yoi. YU. So. 29. t\t Matthau ani)^oii%ffii Published orrery ST?dn?s?aT, BT N. Gk OSTEEN, SUMTER, S. C. TERMS : ?wo Dollars per annuia-in advance. - 1DTIBTISKMEMT3. O'?e Square, first insertion.$1 00 Every subs?quent insertion. 50 Contracts for three months, or longer will be mide at reduced rates. All communications which subserve private rs teres ts will he charged for as advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of respect will be ' charged for. Absolutely Pure. This powder never varie*. A marvel of purity, strength and wholesomeness. More economical than the ordinary kinds, and can sot be sold in competition with the multitude of low test, short weight, alum or phosphate powders. Sold only in cans. ROYAL BAK IKG POWDER CO., 106 Wall-st., X. Y. KAINIT, C. S. MEAL, (S. C. Make,) AGIO PHOSPHATE, High Grade G??i?o .' At Low Prices. H. L B. WELLS, At D. J. Winn's. ! Jan. 18, 1888. ~ ELY-? Cream B Cleanses the Nasal Passages* Allays Pain ant INFLAMMATION Seals tko <Sores Restores the S?NSKSOFTAST: zo? S?arelr. TRY THE cnRR|jAY-FEVER is a disease of the mucous membrane, gener? ally originating in the OAS-*! passages and maintaining its stronghold **i the bead. From this poiu.t it sends forth a poisonons virus into the s to retch and through the digestive organs, corrupting the blood end producing other troublesome end dangerous symptoms. A particle is applied into each nostril and j-_^-ree&ble. Price50 cents at Druggists ; by ?Bi?t roistered. 00 c?-nts. ELY BROS., "t35Gree^\~~ich Street, New York. !.. W. Folsom. F. H. FOLSOM & BRO., Established :n 1863. -Dearers ic CLOCKS, STERLING SILVER and PLATED WARE, Jewelry, Optical Goods. Gold Petts, Pencils. Macbrae . Needles. &c. Repairing promptly done and warranted by practical workmen. Orders from the country will receive our 1 CArefu?atteo?ioo. Try us. Nov 9 o BRS?SS? HOUSE, SUMTER, S. C. UNDER NEW MANAGEMENT. Rates-One Dollar Per Day. j A liberal redaction made according to length of time. J. H. DIXON, Proprietor. Formerly of the Central Hotel, Spartan burg, S. C. Sept. 2?. v SEAL Y'S EM?LSiON -OF COD LIVER OIL AND H|ipiosi!5s of Lime il ML This preparation contains seventy-five per cent, of Pure Cod Liver O?L and oite drachm each of the Hypophosphites of Lime and Soda, makiog it one of the mo*r agreeable prepara? tions of the kind kn*;wu to the medical faculty. A tablespoonful contatas two grains each of the Sypophospiiites. prepared only by GEBERT S. SEALY, Dec. 7 Pharmaceutical Chemist, SUMTER, C. S. ALL ABOARD! FOR THE CELESTIAL CITY? ALL RIGHT! NOW ! v.'e weald be glad to help yo? on the war rejoicing, Oj supplying you with a choice Familv^Bibie, any style aod price: twenty-two "dollars, down to a complete, substantial, and beau? tiful Bible for only three dollars and fifty ?eats. My address, Mavesville, S. C. Yours faithful.'v, HARVEY W. BAKER. Dec 21 o FAINTHEARTED. ? asked her if she'd marry me, Lote made me half-demented. She kindly heard my earnest plea, And blushingly consented. Since then the wedding day she's set, Her trousseau's almost ready ; I know that I'm in luck, and yet My nerves are quite unsteady. I ioved her then and I love ber now, Her lo*e makes life worth living ; But secretly I must avow 1 feel a strong misgiving. Sometimes I wish that I were free, And hadn't gone and done it, Since her papa bas shown to me The bill for ber last bonnet. Op yWlllj BY CHARLES J. BELT-AMY, i ? Copyrighted by the Author, 'ind published by arrangement with him* ICOSTOCUED.l CHAPTER XL UXOBAZBT Lt POPULACE. Philip Breton sat late over the tea table, one evening: some days after. His father had been detained down in the village, and had come home with a good deal on his mind Indeed, the old gentleman, who generally laid aside his hardness outside his own doors, had sat in silence wrinkling his forehead very inartistically almost throughout the 4'Pc or folks are always ungrateful," he ex? claimed harshly at last as he shook his head severely at the maid servant who offered him the cake basket "Here I have whitewashed every house for j them, and it was only to-night I heard some ! grumbling old woman tell her husband, she wondered how old Breton would like to live in one of his own tenements." Philip said nothiiig. It had been his habit -.lately, whan his father got on this theme, to keep silence. He was puzzled to know what to say. "Why, look at it, Phil. The insurance on the barned mill won't make up for the lost ! time in rebuilding, and this is the time they ' select to a?<k for fire escapes. Yield them an inch and they want an eli I suppose they think I ought- to run the factory for a big benevolent institution. Every man that is poor curses me for it, and not one shift? less family in town, PU warrant, but would lay the fault on my shoulders. By the way. Phil, you have been to college; you ought to know if there isn't any way I can stop the tongue bf that tall brown haired fellow. Can't the law touch him? I have discharged him, but he does more mischief than ever." ' "Discharged Curran !" exclaimed Philip. "You don't mean it! why, he is the man that saved Bertha's life," he continued hurriedly. "You must take him back at once-you must toko him back at once, no matter what he has said" "2?b matter what he has done either, I sup? pose," said Mr. Breton, with some heat. "Perhaps I know moro of the interesting young man than you d?.," he went on indis? creetly. "It may be as weil for you if I open your eyes a little-what is it, Mary?" "Three mon at the door, sir. They want to soe you, sir." "I think they are workmen." The mill owner found three of his workmen in his study; all standing when he entered because they felt less awkward on their feet. "Send my son in," he called to Mary. "3Je mi^ht as well learn how to meet this sort of occasion." The delegation of workmen did not look very fierce. One of them kept gazing long? ingly out of tho window, and smoothing his napless felt hat. Another, out of whose soiled coat pocket stuck the stem of a day pipe, ?^ras studying the ceiling of the room with an I intensity only explainable by his fear of his master* eye. They were two of the men who had peered into the parlor windows of this very house on the evening our story oom. menees. The third wa? John Graves,-whose eyes were fixed unflinchingly on the rgf]] owner for whom he had a message. When Philip came in he was a l.ttle startled to see his quondam host,' but the man had other things to funk of than the possible identity of this elegantly dressed-young gentleman with the ungrateful tramp he had kept once I overnight "There*-* ameetuVof tho m?l han's down in the hall, sir, and they sent us up to ask ? favor." Hr. Breton had seated himself before his long office table aad pulled up a file of busi? ness letters. "You have too many meetings," he said loudly. "You talk so much you aren't fit to -work. Some of the noisiest of you will find themselves out of a job some fine morning; One man did the other day." The two other men looked anxiously at th:*ir spokesman. If they had dared they w -?xi.1 d have begun to make excuses for corn? il,, '.Their wives and babies must be fed, a^ ?aJkiLng about their rights wouldn't ever feed tbeC1* ot^iers w**o could afford to offend him g?to *toe meetings. But the poor fellows wero afraid to raise their voices, even ^"B^tthe" wilhV^ of'03^??twant to be roasted to de?*> bitPleas" enterte us roenfolkO*> think of seem' our wives and children bur> *P ?f e^es; Our women aint quites^ P^tJ^ those of the rich, but we prize W1 ? mu<*. We come to ask for fire escapes on -hemi?s. bo if there should happen to come a ure in day time, when the mills were full, tbV P*>r Jit? ters could git out." It was quite * ion2 speech for John Graves in such angus.* fr89" ence, and he delivered it in tho monoto^0^ Yankee drawl which carries high tragedy or j low comedy without a distinction of accent* j lt was quite a long ?peech for John Graves. ttThere is no danger," he answered with a gruff laugh, "and in business we cant spend much money providing against very unlikely events. Fire escapes would bo a piece of useless extravagance." Mr. Breton looked sharply at his visitors over the file of letters. "It would mako necessary another cut in your pay " Bill Rogers fingered his pipe uneasily in the significant silence that followed, and finally drew it half ont of his pocket through force of nabit in distress. Then he found his roi CA '.Ter jokln', squire; yer wouldnt cut tu poor devils down again. The last cut seemed as if it would kill us, till we found how little it takes to keep soul and body together if a critter dont expect nothin' else. Why, squire, a dog has the best of some on us now: for folks let him steal" The tall roan thrust back his pipe into the depths of bis pocket, and his face hardened into a sullen expression ; as he added solemnly: UI cal'late another would fill ali the jails in the country. "! might as well give us the least we can live here as support us in prison." The mill owner rose to his feet witl bustling movement of impatience. Thoi reasonable beings had no conception of 1 principles of political economy, but alwi had some particular hardship of their own urge against its beautiful theories, as if wi made tho rich more rich must not in so: way help the beggars even that cringed their feet. "Well, well, I don't mean to cut you ag: if you don't bother me too much. I ha lost so much that I really can't afford t other dollar of expense." He 'rang tho b for the servant * There was a gleam of sarcastic humor John Graves' black eyes. "But wouldn't lt now be quite a loss burn up a thousand such good cheep facto han's! I wouldn't thought yon could affo that. These fir* 'scapes now" "Show them out, Mary," interrupted "it Breton angrily. "You might as well kno I could find a thousand as good and as chea in a week," and he shut the office door aft them with a slam. "But you have let those men go aw* thinking yon had justas lief they would! burned to death," expostulated Philip, flus ing with excitement. "Nothing of the kind, sir, only that-b do you take sides with thomi That is tl last thing I expected, that my own son wou take part against me." Possibly the o gentleman was a little ashamed of ba vii spoken quite as harshly to the workmen J he had. It would be repeated all abo: town. And it was certainly incautious, bi his very uneasiness made him the more pr voked at Philip's suggestion. "I presan you picked up a few socialistic ideas ) school. No doubt you would like to put c the fire escapes out of the money yoi mother left you." He rang the bell violentl; "Yes I would," exclaimed Philip, his ey? lighting up. "I will be very glad to pay f< it all It seems unjust, somehow, to crow the men and giris into the mills as thick J they can work, and not pr?vido so but thi they all may be bunted to" "Mary, bring those three men back," ii terrupted Mr. Breton. "But they are on the street by this." "It makes no difference," and the choler] old gentleman brought his fist down with crash on the table. "Go after them if yo have to chase them a mile. Bring them bael I say." The little office clock ticked its loudest t break the silence until the door opened to li in the returning committee. What could i mean? Mr. Breton stood with his bac turned to them, drumming on the windon pane, while Philip, pale and uncomfortable looked nervously at his father and then a the three awkward figures in the doorway with the breathless servant girl behind ther waiting for startling development?. "Yon can report to your meeting," sai? Mr. Breton in a constrained voice, withou facing the workmen, "that my son will pu on the fire escapes at his own expense. Tba ?sall." The men were astonished. So tho yotrnj mill owner's son had begun to redeem hi promise of the night of the fire. There wer rough words ci gratitude on their lips, thei hearts were in a glow, titer the first chill o disappointment, but ^fcere was an ln?uenc in the little office that hushed their eage speech, and they only ducked their heads ii awkward acknowledgment and followed th maid out. "Did you suppose," said Mr. Breton in i calmer tone as he left the window and tool his chair by tho long table, "that I was go ing to let you pay for theso fire escapesr No a penny, my doer boy, but you can have thi credit of it, discredit I should call it." H< opened the drawer and drew out a sheet o: business paper. "The Breton Milla," was printed at th? top He dipped his pen in the ink an? wrote int ht date. Then he wrote the address, a3 follows "John T. Giddings, Esq., Attornoy at Lavr 42 Loring street. Lockout." "Please sit i*.cwn, ?*hiL I am not much ?I the habit of talking of my business to any? body, but I presume it i3 your right to ~nca I this." Mr. Breton laid down his pen anc I clasped his hand: behind bis back. "I wau! ! to make this mill four times its present size ? I haven't the money, but other men have. 1 am going to take those other mea in witt me, and then tum the whole thing into a cor? poration. Giddings is managing it for mo.' Philip's faco fei A corporation! Ther all his thor?ght6 of some day letting a little light into the lives of the villager?, so fal always in the shadow, his dreams which had lent a new dignity to his life, were all fer nothing. A soulless corporation, with no I body to blame for an act of injustice ! How I it would rivet tho shackles of the poor past j any power of his hands to loose them. "What is the trouble, my boy r smiled bia j father, in his superior wisdom. "One would I think you wanted the tough job I have had, I over again. It is too much, too much for a i man; why, I thought I was doingyou akmd ? ness. A man thinks, at first, he is strong, i that he won't care for the murmurs and tho threatenings of his help, but he gets tired. The amount of power, almost like God's, Phi? lip," said Mr. Breton excitedly, "almost lika God's, which a big fortune gives a man, is ! too much, too much." Ee came around the tablo, and put his hand on his son's shoulder. [ ' 'The people aro poor and unhappy ; we can't I shut our eyes to it. Don't we all wonder," I he went on in this new, strange mood Philip : was fairl}r startled at, "dont we all wonder j what life is worth to thom that they aro so : hungry for thc bread that keeps the breath in I them? And they all blame the*nen who own j the mills; they think it is our hardness and injustice. A man may know He is all right, I that rich men have always done as ho is ; doing, that tho fow always have the best ot everything, and seem to deprive the rnossea i of their rights. But it wears on a man: be [ wants to get behind somebody or something I occasionally." j Tho little office clock ticked on restlessly, for another week, and Philip had coma to feel that to be in love may be the most ter? rible misfortune of a man's life. His pride i had not let him call again on Bertha for days of distress, days of hot, dry wretchedness, I whose dawn was a new, pitiless reminder of his quenchless passion that met only Insult. It was insult, as he felt it, for a lover has ^-ensibilitiea painfully acute, and can detect thV slightest change in a woman's restions -vrith him, by signs too subtle for unstimu? lated o.^861"^^011' A hair s breadth varia? tion in uono makes m y ste ri o os revelations, sweet or bi.^1* to him; a shade of expression ia the beauti/ul Dlue eyes, has afmbanlrig clearer than wo."<is- to thrill him with hope, or plunge him in'o despair. And in those days^too, he founa time to rcmcml>cr how unloverlike Bertha ha d always been to him, and the many times sho bad met bis ardor with coldness, with all the instances of hard? ness and neglect she had meV/d out to his de? votion, rose up in bis mind Ihv? hideous sins that will not be forgot. How he had fooled himself, and yet he bad been so baj/oy tn bis delusion. There carno a light tip at tho dcor. Ho closed the drawers and turned about in Lis j chair in time to soe Meay, the maid'; enter ! with a letter for him. He glanced at the writing, and then was so angry at tho sweet glow about his heart that he tossed tho letter carelessly on the tabla The maid had lingered with a wornanya un? wearying tasto for sentiment; but now sho slammed the door on him avd went bridling down the ball in hi^h dudgeon. ,"He's a pretty IK?AU, ho is," sho muttered; "if I was that girl of his I'd teach him to treat ray love letters that way." But thc maid did not see, for the door was shut, what might havo 'tarter suited her ideas of propriety. Her young master had torn I open tho envelope and read the throe lines of j tho letter before Mary Lad finished ber dis- I gust'ed soliloquy. Then ho reread it a dozen ! times and behaved generally in as foolish a fashion as the most exacting sweetheart could i have desired. But there wero only throe lines. ^lI have not deserved it, I do not deserve it; but will you call before 7 to-night? "BERTHA." But where was his sullen d?termination never to see hor again? Had he forgotten so j soon.that she had never loved bini? But ho remera berni that moment that to-morrow was the day she had promised to let him talk of marriage to her. There was a now flush on his face, which any woman might hare thought handsome now, and a new bright light in his eyes. Why, it was near 7 o'clock now. And he rose to go out "Bah!" It was his father who opened the door and came in, tearing a scrap of paper between his fat fingers. But Philip thrust his letter into his inside pocket, and then made sure it was safe, as if it were a precious ticket of admission. "My dear Phil, if there ever waa a man fool enoagh to try and give tho poor what they want, they would lead him tho wildest kind of a wild goose chase, I can tell you. You'll see yet I was right about those fire escapea, Since they hare got those the help are clamor? ing for something new every day. They de? vote all their spare time trying to think of tome Rieht they are kept out el I suppose the ninnies imagine the mills ought to be ma in their Interest," and Mr. Breton smiled at th"1 absurdity of the idea conjured up. Then he tossed the torn bits of paper into the waste basket "There goes one of their warnings; I have burned a dozen within a week, 4If I dont do this or that, my wills will stop,* they read I wouldn't wonder if a strike was brewing. I only hope they will give me one more day. They might scare some of tho capitalista if they should make a disturbance to-morrow, but after to-morrow it will be too late. They can do their worst; we *hn!I el ways'have the whip hand of them'* "Is your corporation actually going to be started to-morrow?" exclaimed Philip, breath? lessly; "I didn't know but it was given up." "I never give anything up, my ?on. But you can help me a good deal if you will. Tho hands trust you, they would do aa you urged them You understand how to talk to them. Yes, you do; dont stop me; didnt your ready tongue save the mill once, the night of the fire! Now, just you run down town, go into their meeting, if there is any, calm them down some way, I dont care how, Philip; all I want is ono day moro. If they should happen to strike to-morrow, good gra? cious, Phil, it might knock my corporation scheme all to smithereens. Little mercy tksy'd ever get after that from me, though You coe they wont gain anything either way, strike or no strike, but you see I might lose." Philip moved toward the door in silence. To-morrow goodby to hopo from any help of .his, and his father expected hiT to - "That's right, my boy; dont delay; I am expecting a man here every minute, and I" "But, father, I cant" "Yes, you can. Ahl good evening, Mr. Giddings. My son, Mr. Giddings, my law? yer." "Bufe I must say one word to you." "Kb, positively not one moment, Phil; later on. Good night" [TO BE COSTIN LED-7 RE-APPORTIONMENT. SPEECH OF HON. Gc J. PATTERSON, BEFORE THE CHESTER COUNTY FARM? ERS' ASSOCIATION, FEB? RUARY 4, 1888. If the question were asked upon what principles the House of Representatives in our General Assembly was formed, the language of the Constitution would be a brief and exact reply, as follows : "The House of representatives' shall consist of one hundred aod twenty-four members to be apportioned among the several counties according to the num? ber of inhabitants in each.'* Bot the facts revealed by the IL. S. Census of 1880 ebow that this principle of the Constitution is inoperative and disre? garded. A comparison of the popula? tion in, and representation from, Charleston and Greenville counties make ibis evident. Charleston county with a population of 68,327 bas 12 members in the House, or one member for every 5,693 inhabitants. Green? ville county with a population of 42,876, or nearly two-thirds ae many as Charles? ton, has 4 members only, or only one member for every 10,719 inhabitants. If Greenville were represented in the House, on same basis of population as Charleston is now, ehe would have 7 members instead of 4 ; and if Charles? ton were represented on ?arno basis as Greenville, she would have only 6 mem? bers instead of 12. Or stating the case tn another form : Assuming that one fifth of the voters, (which is the usual proportion,) theo Charleston with 13, 665 voters elects 12 members, or one for every 1138 voters, while Greenville with 8,575 voters elects 4 members only-or ODe member for 2143 voters. It thus appears that in forming the House of Representatives, in legislation for .the State, in the distribution of the offices of the State by the State conven? tion (which is based on the Legisla? ture.) and in administering the affairs of State, one vote in Charleston counts for nearly as much as two votes in Greenville county. Gross inequalities, not so great, but similar to these, exist .between other counties. This statement no doubt will excite your astonishment, because it has not been ventilated by the press and on the hustings in a way proportioned to its importance. Some of you may ask, 'Hew can these things be? Have the Radicals, or other party, hostile to the Democracy, been instrumental in pro- i curing a result so foreign to republican government?' * The answer is 'No !'j 'The last apportionment of representa- j tion waa made by the Radicals 18761 upon a Census taken in 1875 under it? auspices. The Democrats succeeded to the absolute control of the State in the early part cf 1877, and are now. and j have bsen ever since 1$77, in almost undisputed supremacy.' Then you may inquire. Does net the Constitution per? emptorily require a new apportionment as often as once in every ten years? The sriF'.ver i? 'Yes; but the taking of thc Census and reapportionment has bern repeatedly defeated in the Legis? lature.' Then you will likely say. 'Well, if the Democratic party of the State has done risis*. I suppose it is all I right, and I am willing to accept it ns j g.^ch, and submit to it.' The refusal- to take the Census in j 18^4 and 18S5 preparatory to re-appor ! tioni^ent of representation, is in my J opinion a breach of one of thc cardinal, ? fundamental principles of the Cunstitu- j lion of 1868 of t?n? State, at?d indeed of j ono of the principles which forms the j foundation of American liberty ; and j tho refusal in 1887 to re-apportion on ? the U. S. Census of 1SS0, or upon a ? State Census, vas a similar breach of j the sam- principle iu the amendment of | 1 $86 to thc Constitution of 180$. If; tho Legislature io the exercise of its power can thus overleap the barriers of j the Constitution and put at defiance this j fundamental principle of American lib- ? ertv, then our boasted freedom is a de- j lusion and a snare. 1 propose to show, however, that the Democratic party of thia State is not tho ' author, and does not approve of, th repeated infractions upon the bulwz. of our independence. I think I will abie to show to you that this griev wrong has been perpetrated bj a cot( of short-sighted politicians, seeking prolong unjustly the power they h: ander the apportionment of 1876, order, no doubt, to advance Sectio purposes, and that they ha7e cone trated their influence rn the ?kate S ate, a small body of men, composed 35 members, and thus acconiplisl their ends by defeating Ihe taking the Census and re-apportipnment, ons time this was done by obtaining from those not in sympathy with tb real endi bj dwelling on the heavy c the State most incur to take tbt Cens At another time they alleged the me od proposed was unconstitutional. Tb members-- were elected as Dec crats bj Democrats, but the De ocratic party is not responsible for th acts, unless it shall sow be guilty of i unpardonable fcUy of approving of wi bas been done. In thia State there are 34 count and Charleston county having been lowed two Senators and each of t other counties one, makes 85 membi in the Senate. Now, if you will be? at the corner cf Edgefeld and Aik counties on the Savannah river add fr< thence follow the northern line of Aik till it touches Lexington, and thence northern line cf Lemington til! it tone es Richland, sod so on northern lino Richland, Sumter, Darlington and M? ion, to the North Carolina line, y will divide the State by a litio neal parallel to the coast, on each side which there will be 17 counties, t lower half having 18 Senators and t upper half having 17 Senators. . Now, if re-apportionment of repi sentatioa under the U. S. Census 1880 were made, there would be a t duction in the ncrmber of represent tives in four counties, Io wit, Charle ton 4, Hampton 1, Aiken 1, and Ric land 1-ail four of which lio South this dividing line, and there would an increase of one representative ia ea? of the seven counties of Greenvill Laurens, Spartanburg, Edgefield, Mai boro, Sumter and Beaufort. Five these counties are above the dividir line, and two, Sam ter and Beaofoi are below. Keeping these facts in mind let i proceed.- In 1884 a bill to take tl Census, preliminary to re-apporlio? ment, was proposed in the House, ti most numerous and popular branch the Legislature, and it passed with sue unanimity that the yeas and nays wei not demanded, (p. 321 House Jooro 1884.) This bill then came to the Sei ate, was referred to the judiciary coe mittee, and I, as the organ of a majo ity ofthat committee, .reported back tfc bill with recommendation that it shoul pass. When it was taken up for di: cussion it was vigorously attacked h members (not clashed with theeconc mists.) because it would cost ?75.00 or $100,000, as they alleged. In fa< it wculd net have cost more than ba this sum. But the bil1, was rejected b a vote of 19 against to 15 in favor ; the message. Of the 19 against it, ? were below the dividing lice, and above it. Of the 15 in its favor 1 were from above and 3 beiow the lin? The Senator from Sumter was absect p. 358 Senate Journal 1884. In 1885 a bill to authorize the Gov ernor to take the Census under Sec. of Art. 2, was proposed in the House and passed, upon a call of the yeas an nays, by 80 for, to 5 against it-p. 17 of House Journ-1 1885. The bill tliei came to the Senate, was referred to tb judiciary committee, and I, as the orgai of the majority, reported in its favor This bill, when brought to discussion was assailed apon the fiimsj pretex that it would be unconstitutional to tak: the Census thereafter in 1886. It wa dofeated by a voto of 19 against to 1 in favor-the Senators from Marion an; Edgefield being absent. Of the 1? against the bill, 13 were from belo? and 6 above the line. Of the 14 ir favor, 10 were from above and 4 below the line-p. 285 Senate Journal 1885 Sixteen of the Senators that votec against the bill of 18S4, voted alec against the bill cf 1885. At this s?rac session of 1885, 8ftei the defeat of the one above named, a bill wa? proposed in the Senate to mak? the apportionment on the U. 8. Census of 1880, and it was defeated by a vote of 19 against to ll in favor-5 Sena? tors being absent, to wit, Senator from Clarendon, Fairfield, Spartanburg, Newberry and Edgefield. At this same session of 1885, a mem? ber of the House from Spartanburg in? troduced a joint resolution for an amend? ment of the Constitution,, authorizing the Legislature to make the apportion? ment either upon a Censes tabeo by the State, or upon the immediately preced? ing U. S. Census. This joint refolu tion passed the House by a vote of 111 for to O?#J against it-p.?267 of House Journal 1885. The resolution then caine to the Senate when it was amend? ed by adding the last proviso of amend? ment of 18S6. As thus amended it passed the Senate with one dissenting vote, and was afterwards cdopted by a un a ni ru ons vote in the House. This amendment was submitted to'a popular vote, at the genera! election of 1886. The Register of Colombia, aud the News and Courier, the two popers of widest circulation in the State, advised thc electors to vote against it The News and Courier expressly assigning as the ground of objection that if it were adopted a re-apportion mc-nt of represen- j tat ion could be made before 1S1J1 cn the ?. S. Census of 1880. The amend? ment was adopted by a vote of 22.781. of whom 5.319 were against it and 17.462 in its favor, lt ia fair to as? sume, under the circumstances, tint those who voted for, cr against, it., did so because a re-apportionment might thereby ho made (as the News and Cou? rier said.) upon the Census of I860. The opposition to the amendment was strongest (as shown by the vote) in that section of the 8tate that would lose hy a re-apportionment on Census of 1880. The amendment was rati?ed by the Legislature at ifs session of 1886. Now at the session of 1SS7, tuc mern- j hers favoring rc-apportioniucnt, suppos- j io<* that tliis amendment, having been ? adopted by ihe Democrats, would be ; revetenced by the Legislature, proposed j a bill to re-apportion representation o the basis of the U. S. Census of 188C and it passed the House by a small mi jority, as I am told. It then came t the Senate, was referred as usual to th judiciary committee, but a majority ( that committee (5 out of 9) reporte against the bill, on the ground that was unconstitutional. In the majorit report it is asserted that prior, to th amendment of 1886 to the constitution 'the manner theu provided by law di reoted tho enumeration to be made QC der State laws in every teeth year frot 1875 ;' and yet four of these five mern bera were members of the Senate i 1884 and 1885, and voted again; every bill proposing to take the Censa j or to re-apportion representation on th U.S. Census of 138?. In the same rc port they assert that 'An apportionmeo must be based OB mathematical calca lation, and cot on any surmise or ap proximation. It must be an absolut arithmetical result.* And yet it wa a well known fact that in 1878 Beaa fort county was divided by Act of Leg islature into two counties of Beaufoi and Hampton, and their representado ?ised at 3 each without any enumera rion. And again in 1881 Cb atiesto: county was divided similarly into tw counties of Charleston and Berkeley and their representation fixed at 1-2 fo Charleston and 5 for Berkeley wit hou any enumeration. On the considera eton of this bill the Senate refused t indefinitely postpone this report; am rejected the bill by a vote of 19 ag ai o s to 15 in favor of it-the Senator froo Marion being absent. Of the 19 tba voted against the bill, 14 were from be low and 5 from above the line, and o the, 15 that voted for it, 12 were fron shove and 3 from below the line Devan cf the Senators voting agains this biil were the same or from the samt counties that voted against each of th? preceding bills, to wit : Charleston Colleton, Beaufort, Orangeburg, Hamp ton, Barnwell, Clarendon, Richland Lexington and Williamsburg, From this recitation of facts it ap pears-1st. That the Constitution be fore? and as amended in, 1886 ezplio itly provides for re-apportionment o I representation of the basis of popula tion. 2nd. That the House of Repre sentatives of 1887, as well as thc prioi j House, being the most "numerous bodi -freshest from the people, and-there fore most likely to correctly reflect pub Ho sentiment, passed the bill for re-ap? portionment in 1887 ; as also in 188c and 1884. 3rd. That the voters of the I State being warned that the adoption o: the proposed amendment of 1886 would give the right to the Legislature to re? apportion on the U. S. Census of 1880, did notwithstanding vote for the amend? ment and tbes conclusively approved ol that method. 4th. That the maia strength of the opposition in the Senate, ? that which was steady, consistent and aggressive, was from be'.ow the dividing ? line, and located around and in and be? tween Charleston and Richland, the I section that would lose by re-apportion? ment. 5th. That the opposition was based at one time on one pretext, and then at another on a different pretext. 6th. That this opposition admits in the report to the bill of 1887 and its adop? tion by the Senate, that in antagonizing the bill of 1884 and of 1885 they had antagonized what was then the law. These points I submit are made ont by the proof, and do establish that the Democratic party of the State is not guilty of the breach of the Constitution in refusing re apportionment, and that it has actually favored it on every oc? casion, and orr the other hand it es ? tablisbes that the wrong has been per? petrated by tho combined influence of I a coterie of short-sighted politicians i concentrating their influence upon a few Senators, and that this coterie is sectional io material and aims. But it may be replied that granting that much which has 'been said to be true, yet if the bill of 1887 w?s indeed unconstitutional as claimed, the strength of your case is much weakened at least. AU I ask is that you read the amend? ment of 1886 with an unbiased mind and in view of the facts heretofore recited : Section 4. The House of ?epresen tatives shall consist of one hundred and twentv-foar members, to be apportioned among tbs several Counties according to the oumber of inhabitants contained in each ; an enumeration of the inhab? itants for this purpose shall be made in eighteen hundred and ninety-one, and shall be made id the course of every tenth year thereafter, in such manner as shall be by law directed : Provided, That the General Assembly may at any time in its discretion adopt the im? mediately preceding United States census as a true and correct enumera? tion of the inhabitants of the several Counties, and make the apportionment and assignment of Representatives among the several Counties according to said enumeration : Provided how? ever, This amendment shall not prevent the General Assembly from providing for an enumeration and apportionment prior to 1891 in the manner new pro? vided for by law. It is a well established maxim of law that 'where words 3re plain there 'ia no room for construction.' Arc not these words plain ? The leading fundamental principle in this section of the Constitution is 'That representation in the Aouse shall bc apportioned arnon*; the several counties according to the cumber of inhabitants in each ' No cv>o will dare deny this. Then we quote from Judge Cooly, a great writer on constitutional law, as follows : 'Narrow and technical reasoning is misplaced when it is brought to bear upon an instrument framed hy the peo? ple themselves, for themselves, and designed as a chart upon which every man, learned and unlearned, may bc able to trace the leading principles of government.' And, again : 'It is a maxim of interpretation that every law ought to be so construed as to preserve unimpaired fundamental principles.' ls it not clear then that the action of i thc majority of the Senate io rejecting reapportionment is not based on thc plain language of the Constitution- > can only be defended (if at ail) on nar- i row and technical reasoning, and that it clearly impairs a leading, fundam^n j ? tal principle of the Constitution, and ? i that it therefore has been taken in de-1 ? fiance of well established rules of in? terpretation ? But some level-headed man may saj 'It will not do to dogmatize ia this mat ter. One party says that re-apportion, ment uuder U. S. census of 1880 h unconstitutional, and another says it i: constitutional. It is fair to conced? that each is honest in the opinion ex pressed. And if we act on that ruh bow are we to decide Y The answer i; 4That if the opponents to re-apportion ment do honestly believe they are right they must concede, in view of the dif? ferent opinions expressed by men equally competent to decide, and having nt greater self interest to serve than they furnishes the ground for a reasonable doubt. As soon as it is admitted that there is reasonable ground of doab! they are cat off from ah defence ir. persisting in opposition.' For anothei legal maxim is 'that the 'probable ii always to be preferred to 'the impro? bable, the fair to the unfair, 'the easj to the difficult, the intelligible to th? unintelligible. ' And, again : 'Good faith and common sense are the leading stars that must control/ The doubt should be resolved in favor of thai which is probable, fair, easy, intelligi? ble, and in accord with good faith and common sense. This, it seems to me, settles the question against those thal contributed to the defeat of re-appor? tionment, because probability, fairness, intelligibility, good faith and common sense are all against them. But we go still further and say, that there is no difference of opinion on thi: point, to wit : 'That the constitution oj 1868 and the amendment of .1886 both clearly declare that represen talion* in the House shall be apportioned among the counties in accordance with the number of inhabitants in each/ and that the only difference between the two parties is as to the proper method of ascertaining the number of inhabi? tants in the several counties, and not as to the principle of distributing re? presentation. Which of these two is the highes! and most important, 'The distribution of representation in accordance with population,' or 'The enumeration o? the inhabitants in order to distribute V Clearly the first is a constitutional principle of the gravest character and the other is subordinate or subsidiary to it. In other words, the apportionment is always constitutional if made in pro? portion to population, however or ic whatever way the number of inhabi? tants is ascertained. We contend that it would not violate the letter or spirit of the constitution, if there were a re* apportionment prior to every election. There are no words in that instrument that directly or by implication prohibit the distribution every two years. It is made mandatory by the constitution of 186S to take the census and apportion in 1875 and in every tenth year there? after. The amendment of 1886 makes it mandatory in 1891 and in every tenth year thereafter. And it may be done before 1891 lawfclly either upon a census taken by the State or upon the U. S. census of 18S0. We have been denied the State census of 1884 and %gaia in 1885, and now ia 1887 with the new amendment, we are denied an apportionment under U. S. census of 1880. In doing this the Senate has set at defiance the vital, fundamental principle of the constitution, as to formation of the House, upon objection to the method of ascertaining the num? ber of inhabitants, a secondary and subsidiary rule to the former, and there? by it has set the letter above the spirit and essence of the law. By so doing it bas rendered itself obnoxious to an? other well settled rule of interpretation, to wit : 'To violate the spirit of the law in pretending to respect the letter is a fraud co less criminal than an open violation of it. It is not less contrary to the intention of the law-making power, and only shows more artful and more deliberate malice. The Senate's conduct reminds us of the Scribes and Pharisees of old, who were rebuked by the Master because they paid tithes of mint, and anise, and cummin, but omitted the weightier matters of the law. lt is straining at a gnat and swallowing a camel Tho wisdom of such conflict may ap? propriately be compared with that of the man who called in the physician to heal him of a bilious fever. The phy? sician proceeded to administer those po? tions and medicines that would cure'his patient. The patient, however, thought that the right method for restoring hie i health was by salivation. Thc physi? cian protested to the patient that all he wanted was a cure and he couid and would cure bim without salivation. Bat the patient dismissed his refractory doc- j tor, and died of his disease, because the j doctor would not care him by the right method as he saw it. Or it may be more fittingly compared probably to the Scribes and Pharisees who reproached the disciples for vio? lating the Sabbath day in gathering corn as they passed through the fields, j and rubbing it in their hands in order ? to satisfy their hunger. Thc Master replied to the charge that the Sabbath was made for m-an. and not man for the Sabbath. So likewise the enumeration of the inhabitants was proscribed in order to got equal representation, and not repre.-cotatioQ iu . order to h^ve an | euumeration of inhabitants. Or again, if one who acknowledges j the obligation of the rule that men j ought always to pray, should attempt to justify himself in not praying because j prayer ought to be offered on the knees, j ?nd that he could net kneel, when he j had voluntarily and purposely so erip- j pied himself that he was unable to i kneel. The reasoning in ali the?e cases is j malagous to that of the Senators who j roted against re-apportion roen t-it is j ?lcvatinj; method above results-the let- J :er above the spirit. I am sati>fied that the Democratic ; party of the State is no? responsible for j ind docs not approve of the rejection of? re-apportionment. I am only surprised j ?hat there has not. been a more pro- j nounced condemnation of it. The very i ?ilence of the Democracy has embolden- j DJ the coterie and weakened the true j representatives of good faith and De- j Doeracy, as is seen in the diminished h Majority in the House at its las? session ' u favor of re-apportionment. The party j ? should at euee a.-id with emphasis put? ; its seal o? condemnation on ibis and similar proceedings, or it wit] betray the high trust confided in it, and show itself unworthy cf the confidence of the people. Re-apportionment is to be Remanded* f?r other considerations than merely to carry out the principles of abstract jus? tice. The most important regisktioa may turn, and often does torn, as? well illustrated by the history of this ? question, by a few votes. The exclu? sion of one or a few lawful members, the admission of one or a few persons not lawfully members may be attended even in legislation with consequences of a- most serious import. And like ail wrong it breeds and per? petuates injGS+ioe. The State Demo* eratic Convention virtually elects all tbe officers of the State and moulds the ad? ministration of its affairs. The State Convention is formed by representation from each county just double whatk bas in the -two branches of the Legis? lature. If the evil exists as pointed ou* then Charleston county will have eight . more members in the State convention, and Hampton, Aiken as? Richland each two members more than they are entitled to ; while Edgefield, Laurens, Greenville, Spartanburg, Marlboro, Sumter and Beaufort will have two members each less than they are" enti? tled to. See what damage might be done to the rightful majority by the un? lawful- admission of 14 on eoe side and the unlawful exclusiou of 14 from the other iu arny ehoice for State cScers in the State convention. The whole policy of the State may by this means be con- ' trolled by a minority to the serious det? riment of the majority and of right. Nor will it do for us to fold OUT hanns and say 'this is ali wrong, but it will come right ia four years ', for in 1891 there must be a new apportionment un? der the new amendment of 1886.' If in 1884 and 1885 the plain provisions of the Constitution were trampled upon, why may it not be done again ? In? deed it is much more likely to be done again if we quietly submit to the wrong already done. If they have done this in the green tree what will they do in the dry ? Experience proves that silent submission to wrong invites farther and repeated aggression. Convicts for our Public Roads. Spartanburg Herald. Some years ago there was a strong demand for the passage of a law com? pelling the convicts in the eounty jails to work on the public roads. Such a law was passed but it has been utilized by only a few counties. This Act provides, -- That all Courtsand municipal authorities which, under existiog laws, have power to sentence convicts to confinement in prisons, may, within their discretion, impose the condition of bara labor for a* period not exceeding ninety days. Th af ail convicts so sentenced to hard labor and confinement, may, upon the eonakions hereinafter specified, be re- , quired to perform ^hard labor upon the public highways, roads,bridges and other public works of tbe County in which the offence of which they are convicted was committed, or upon the streets or other ' public works within the the limits of the incorporated cities, towns and villages in which the offenee for which they are sentenced was committed. That all convicts so sentenced to hard labor for the County ?hail be under the direction and coutrol of the Board of County Commissioners, aud the said municipal convicts uuder sentence to hard labor under the direetiou and con-" trol of the said municipal authorities, who shall respectively direct the time, place and manner of the labor to be performed; . Provided, that in their judgment it be ? practicable to employ the labor to ad? vantage; and provided further, that the said Board of County Commissioners and said Municipal Authorities, respectively provided suitable aud efficient guards . for the safekeeping or said convicts, aud.. that said guards be paid for such service out of the Couuty funds wheo employed by said Boards of County Commission- - ers, and out of the Municipal ?funds, when employed by the said Municipal Authorities. That] the County Sheriff! charged . with the custody of prisoners sentenced - to hard labor, "shall, during the ^work . hours ot the day, or du.- tag the term of days to be"spe<;iSed by said Commission- . ers,"upon the order of said Commission? ers deliver them to safekeeping of the Authorities herein provided, for their- ' control and direction.'* The above is a fa!! test of the Act, it has not been generally known that it had become law. Would it not be well for our County Co m missioners"^ see to it that ut the next term cf Court :hc short term convicts shall be sentcne- a ed to hard labor so that their services msv be utilized on the public roads ? -? Marriages in I&exleo. ' ^ ; In Mexico everybody marries, whether young or old, rich or poor; handsome or ugly : whether ?heir marriage port ion consists of good ?in- . eas (houses or other real estate,) ready telegas (a telega is ?1000,) Or of only cuatro piernas al ayre. T^is last phrase, winch is another prover? bial saying, is a puzzling one to trans? late. ""Four legs in the air'* is the literal rendering o? ii. I suppose it means people who bring to ,.eaeh other in wedlock no dower pave their person, which, indeed, is thc most usual one in this country. The reck? less Mexicans, like too many people north cf thc Rio Grande, rush into matrimony without thc slightest care foi* the future or lue beggars they ay bring into the world. If any sober friend, who has observed the ways of!ile, should suggest to an ar dent young couple how necessary some lil-le property is to keep the devil out of the house, thc enamora? das (lovers) will only laugh and an? swer : "Dios nos amparara/' (God will help us.) which simply means! m other woids: "We "ave both young and brimful of passion, we like each . other exceedingly and we will do our wi;', come what muy.*'* In such cases the Deiiv is seldom seriously thought of. Capt. Patrick is t?uk*!g a erown?a? success of his military Institute at . Anderson. There 3re 1?5 cadets in attendance now. and they form twq handsome companied.