The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, February 12, 1884, Image 1
tWIMTHTEB WATCHMAN? Established April, IS50.
kBe Just and Fear not-Let all the Ends thou Aims't at, be thy Country's thy God's, and Truth's."
THE TRUE SOUTHRON, Established Jone, 1866*
Aug. 2, 1881.1
SUMTER. S. C., TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 12, 1884.
New Series-Yoi. III. No. 28.
?>1 ,t I
life .S^MIgbi* mer Tusday,
? " ? . ^ -H?'Tai
yWakkman and Southron Publishing
Ss?rr?'' K TERMS:
/Two Dollars per annum-in advance.
" ?STlRTISKM?STS.
'Ott? Square.?rst insertion...-$1 00
X : Contracts for three montes, or longer will
be tnade at red oced rates.
" Att?nraftnications which subserve private
IfiteRatB wtUbecbarged for as advertisements.
. Obituaries and tributes of respect will be
. -J^ri^ei^)tic?esand notices of deaths pub
3?6ip^slt \rors: or contracts for advertising
? address ~$foc$m*H and Southron, or anplv at
t^'MMpxr' - N. G. 0STE?N,
?ll||$' Business Manager.
? ffl -
POWDER
Absolutely Pure.
Tba ponder never, varies. A marvel of
purity,srrjpg^ and wholesomeness. More
ii iMiu|???ffi^M?*lhi III ilin nj kinds, and can
oot b^ja^^^OoaapetitioQ with the multitude
un<>jtjs^natill "mi i| lil, alum or phosphate
fow?^^Smfdeniyixexms. ROYAL BAK?
ING rWB^pO., 106 Wali-st., X. Y.
T&E&S&RY" DfiPARTMMT.
of the Currency,
* WASB1XGTOK, NOVEMBRE 26, 1883.
Ko.%M?fc2
? ERE?S, by satisfactory evidence pre
^seated to tie undersigned, it has been
?? appear that **THE NATIONAL
^BAJ?tOF SUMTER," in the town of Sum
r County of Sumter, and State of j
Sooth ftwoiiae,- aaa complied with all the
provisions of the Revised Statutes of the
awaited States, required to be complied with
. Iscf?rs fan aasooiatioo shall be authorized to
. romeneace the business of Banking :
HOST THEREFORE I, John S. Lang
arortisy,Ttepaly Comptroller of the Currency,
4o hereby certify that "The National Bank 'of
^faaStei'^*' in the Town of Sumter, in the
County of Sumter, and State of South Caro
Ssa, ii Mthorized to commence the business
of Basking aa provided in Section Fifty-one
taftdret end sixty-nine of the Revised Stat
tttas of the United States.
IS TESTIMONY WHEREOF witness my
head aad Seal of office this 26th day of No
f \ J. S. LANG WORTH Yt
.-J > Bep. Comptroller of the Currency.
*. -In absence of Comptroller.
Dee ll_'_8t
SUBSCRIBE NOW FOR
THE COTTON PLANT
Aa 8 page 40 column Agricultural Journal,
; th? oo?y, paper in Sooth Cnrolina published
exclusively ? t the in tere? t of the Farmer and
Manufacturer. The best and cheapest Agri
<nha*a! paper in the Son th.
OBTLT 60 CENTS A TEAR.
Tboo?aai organ of the State Grange.
^Endowed by the leading citizens of the
Suie, and hy the best farmers in the State
and South.
Send postal for specimen copies for your
self aad your neighbors. Address
- W. J. McKERALL,
Sept 4 * Marion, S.C.
Send 25 cents TO THIS
m m gm* aaa ? OFFICE tor a cop v of a
Ililli %f 1Z new horse book w hich
HW Rwb treats of all diseases
^TJ^ . of the horse, ?nd is
.^JS?-'. * > thoroughly illust-a
ted|sT*tir.65 foe engravings, showing the posi
tionV assumed by sick horses better than can
be taugh t in a ny other
?Vip mL ?ci pes, ra os t af w b ic h
\ ^. ;? ~\ " the author, and never
^-beforejpal io print It is pronounced the best
H boc* ever published for the price, and some
? prominent horsemen
? CVT^?S have said they prefer
w JL O? red it to books which
I ' cost S5 and $10.
AGENTS WANTED.
This valuable book will be presented free
to sll^oew subscribers to the Watchman and
Sov?rrtm wbo pay for one year in advance,
and also to old subscribers who pay all arrears
aneV.o ar or ia advance.
^Hsttper's Weekly,
1XLUSTKATED.
Harpke Weekly; stand? at the head of A m??
fies* illustrated weekly ??.orn?is. Cy its or. par
tis** position in politics, it??-ed mi m bl o illustra
tsenii.Itsjjtsriiully ebosen ?e rials, ?l ort stories,
iiatubiHWl postai, contributed bj the foremost
. artists sad sathors of thedsy.it carnes instruc?
tion ??iKsaiaftiiemrnt to thoms ands of Ameri
caa homes.
It wal always he the aim of the publishers to
Stak? ?orp?X? Weekly the must popular and
attractive Sapiily newspaper in tbe wurld, and,
jo tie njiisuanee of ,his design, to present a
envstaotiutprovement io all those features which
hi*vt gained for lt the confidence, sympathy and
support- of Us larg? army of readers.
I TS?rper's Periodicsils.
Ter Year :
HARPER'S WEEKLY, One Year....4
HARPERS MAGAZINE, One Year.$4
HARPERS BAZAR, Oae Year.......4
HAMPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE, oneye?r. 1
BARPEH'S FRANKLIN SQUARE
LIBRARY, Oae Year (S* Numbers) 10 00
Free te all subscribers in the United
t or Casada.
on
oo
5C
Tho Volaaws ?f the Weekly begin with the
' tr ior Jannsry of raeh year. When
aejHme ft mentioned, it viii be understood
thoi tao subscriber wishes to eoinuence with
the Hamber next after the receipt <>f order.
The lett Feur Anneal Volumes of Hare's
Weekly* ia neat cloth binding, will be sent by
llfjtJljsitBf I paid, or hy express, free of ex
I (provided the freight does not exceed one
r per volume.) for $7 00 per volume.
'% Cases for each volume, suitable for
will be seat bj ms il, postpaid, on re
^'Itt mei
' es shoeW he mode bj Pest-Office
r, or I>reftr te avoid eba nee ot loss.
Lrs are not to eapj this advertise
the sx|Mes? order of Harper &
hm HARPER A B?OTRKRS,
User Yerk.
THE FAITHFUL HOUSEWIFE.
I see ber in her borne content,
The faithful housewife, day by day,
Her dnties seem like pleasures sent,
And joy attends her on her way.
She cares not for the loud acclaim
That goes with rank and social strife,
Her wayside home is more than fame ;
She is its queen-the faithful wife.
When summer days are soft and fair,
And bird songs fill the cottage trees,
She reaps a benison as rare
As her own gentle ministries.
Peace shrines itself upon her face,
And happiness ia every look ;
i Her voice is full of charm and grace,
Like mnsic cf the summer brook.
In winter, when the days are cold,
And all the landscape dead and bare,
How well she keeps her little fold,
How shines the fire beside her chair 1
The children go with pride to school,
The father's toil half turns to piay,
So faithful is ber frugal rule,
So tenderly she molds the day.
Let higher stations vaunt their claim,
Let others sing of rank and birth,
The faithful housewife's honest fame
Is linked to the best joy on earth.
mm i 9 ? ? Wm*
The Model City of Pullman.
The most perfect city iu the world
is Pullman, situated ou the shore of
the Httle Lake Calumet, nestling by
the side of its great sister, Lake Mich?
igan, fourteen miles south of Chicago,
on the Illinois Central Railroad, lt
contains nearly 10, OOO people, and is
famous tar and wide as being the
most unique city in existence. It
has broad, well paved streets, walks,
boulevards, parks and lakes; poses
8C8 a perfect system of sewage and
drainage, is supplied with gas and
water from its own public works, and
embraces within its limits, factories
foundries, and workshops, which give
employment to about 3,000 men, and
which represent an iuvested capital
of about six millions ; it enjoys the
advantages of a model public 1 i brat y,
of ? rarely beautiful theatre and line
church, of business houses, banks,
schools and hotels ; it has an efficient
fire department, operated under a
system which, for effectiveness and
promptness of action, rivals that of
cities having a hundred time? its pop?
ulation, lt is a thriving, industrious,
prosperous city, full of life, activity
and enterprise ; beautiful in point of
architecture, becuse every wall, an?
gle and turret, every street, park and
lake, were desiguod at tiie same time
and by the same artistic mind ; per?
fect in a sanitary point of view; hap?
py iu the posession of perfect law and
order, because of a total absence of the
elements that create disturbance and
give birth to crime, lt is a city in
which there does not exist a single
lawyer, because there are no litigants
lo require his services; no courts,
because there are no cases to try ; no
officers, because there are none to be
arrested ; no constabulary, because
there are is no disorderly element;
no edicts issued, no restricting rules
and injunctions, because each individ?
ual is left to act according to his own
ideas of propriety and morality,-a
city which is at once a social phenom?
enon and an industrial study, lt
seems scarcely credible, even in this
progressive age, that a city so utopi?
an in character could exist. Much
less does it seem possible that this
wonderful place should have sprung
from the dead waste of an uninhabited
prairie within a period of three years,
as it has done.
This city was founded and shaped
by George M. Pullman, president and
founder of the Pullman Palace Car
Company, who is the executive head
of one of the most important, exten?
sive and admirably conducted indus?
trial enterprises the world ha* known.
Prior to 1S5? the luxury of a sleeping
car was unknown. At that time
several of the leading railways of thc
country began to use sleeping cars,
w hich were crude and unsatisfactory
in their arrangements, ordinary pas?
senger cars in manv cases beinjr used.
Two years later, Mr. Pullman had con?
structed and placed upon the Chicago
& Alton Railroad aline of sleepers that
were veritable palaces when compared
with the stiff, uncomfortable vehicles
that had been discarded in their favor,
but which were yet inelegant in com?
parison with the luxurious car of to-day.
These cars were operated until 1863,
during which time Mr. Pullman had
been interested in mining affiars in
Colorado. He had, however, kept a
watchful eye upon the result of his
experiment, ar.d the success which
had attended its operation decided
him to advance still further and take
bolder and nure decisive steps in the
direction of improvement. It was
apparent to him that a, class of cars
that would furnish accommodations
adequate- to the wants of both night
and day travel, together with a system
that should afford continuous and un
broken communication between far
distant points over several lines of
railway, would fill a growing want of
the traveling public. Firm in this
conviction, Mr. Pullman immediately
contracted for and had built several
sleepers, which surpassed in elegance
and elaborateness of finish any rail?
way car that had ever been construc?
ted. Railway managers smiled in?
credulously, and failure was unani?
mously predicted. Mr. Pullman,
however, continued undismayed, and
finally succeeded in placing upon the
Chicago & Alton and Michigan Cen?
tral roads, under a ten years' contract,
nts newly constructed* cars. The
Detroit shops were established and
their capacity enlarged until, during
the year ISSI, they turned out 114
sleeping cars, an average of two cars
each week. Despite the increased
capacity of these works, the growing
demand fer cars exceeded it.
The shops were yet further enlarged
! and other works located, until at pres?
ent the company employs a total force
of over 7, OOO men, operate over 1,000
sleeping, parlor and hotel cars, and
have building and repairing shops at
Pullman, 111. ; Philadelphia, Pa. ; El?
mira, N.Y. ; Detroit. Mich. ; St.
Louis, Mo. ; Derby, England ; aud
in Italy.
As the business of the company
increased in magnitude, the ad van tage
of centralizing the manufacturing fa?
cilities became manifest. Coupled
with this waa the well formulated,
but as yet unuttered, plan of Mr,
man to found a manufacturing co
nity which should be without pa
in point of morals; which s
exclude the contaminating elem(
be found in other communities,
contain only temperate and ind
ous workmen ; which should ass
elevate the character and conditi
all classer and give to them and
,families advantages and facilitie
mental and moral education v
their wages alone would not 8<
for them in the outside world ; a
munity in which each workman si
have a home, free from the ord
surroundings of wretchedness am
ease, which drive him in searc
solace and recreation to the sah
and which, throagh its clean
healthful conditions, its pleasant
elations and elevated morals, sh
make repulsive to him the foul a
low public resorts and their deba
I ed frequenters. The purpose ho1
I er, had not sprung alone from s
mental considerations for the wor
classes, but it was also desired tc
monstrate that such advantages
surroundings make better workm:
In order to secure the net
seclusion, Mr. Pullman, in 1880,
chased about 3,000 acres immedia
surrounding 500 acres already ow
by the Pullman Palace Car Comp!
and the Land Association to wi
this land belongs proceeded to
vide it with a system of sewer!
streets, gas and water pipes, etc. 1
ters were placed in charge of an
chitect, builders, a landscape engir
and a sanitary engineer, and
waste track of prairie land was <
verted into a beautiful city. Wt
men were daily transported betw
Chicago and Pullman in special tn
over the Illinois Central Railr<
aud all through the long, cold wit
of 1880 and 1881 the work went
when the bitter north wind from
lake, which swept the barren pra
rendered necessary the building
fires upon the half constructed wa
that the workmen might not fie
while at work, and while the build
materials were aften buried in di
uf snow and in ice.
The main shops consist of four lt
thrcestory buildings, lying para
with each other, and separated by E
ces about 70 feet wide. North
these are the hammer shop, the bia
smith shop, the foundry, the elec
plating works and the works of
Allen Papen Car Wheel Compa
Near the hammer shop are the ste
heating works from which steam
circulated for beating purpo
throughout the extensive worksh<
and all the large or important bu;
in gs in the city, in the large spj
in the rear of the main buildir
stand the great water tower and I
dry kilns. Between these structu
and the lake is the great lumber
pository of the company, in whi
are often stored fifteen or twer
million feet of lumber for use in 1
shops. Upon the lake shore is 1
Pullman Company's railroad conn
ting with all the railroads converg?
at Chicago. There are about 1,5
houses erected for the use of 1
employes of the company. The r<
ranges lrom $6.50 to $65 per mon
tlie rate for workmen being not
from $14. Besides these houses th(
are a hotel, a church, schoolhom
grand arcade, market house, fire <
partaient house and several ol?
public structures' The streets .a
broad, well rnacadiniized avenues
gravel and broken stone, with bro
side pavings and borders of green sc
in which are artistically design
beds of flowers' Pressed brick ai
stone trimmings were used in bail
ing, and there is nothing cheap
slovenly about the whole city.
No car is completed in the bu il
ing in which its construction begii
but it is removed from stall to sta
where each set of workmen pcrfor
their respective share of labor, unt
beginning at the first stall a me
rough framework of sills and joist
resting like a huge skeleton upon i
trucks, it leaves the paint and VJ
tushing shops a luxurious, gilde
palace car, a handsomely construct*
passenger coach, or a staunch, coi
mod i ous and substantial freight cs
as the case may be, In the divisio;
between the buildings are laid ra
way tracks, upon which a dumn
engine, handling a huge transf
truck, conveys the cars from one ste
to another as they advance in co
struction. These buildings cover :
all 15 acres of ground. Each depai
ment is distinctly separated from tl
others. Located on one floor are tl
wood machine shops, in which ai
fashioned the heavy beams and moi
ponderous wood-work of cat building
in another division of the same d
partmeot thc light carving and moult
ing for interior finish and delical
wood-work of every description
done ; and again, there is the depar
ment of glossy polish, veneering an
inlaid work, which renders th
interior of the drawing room am
sleeping car so attractive. Kls<
where is the upholstering d<
partment. Further on one encour
ters the roar of heavy machiner',
where heavy hands of steel press th
car wheels on tl ie axles, where might
hammers of iron send showers c
gleaming sparks toward the roo.
The smithy has long rows ofgleaminj
forges, 70 in all, and 160 workmen
Then one passes into thc bras
works, the electro- plating work
and other departments, until the braii
is dazed with ihe magnitude of th*
establishment and the variety of th
work done.
Thc enormous power that operate
all this machinery is centered in ;
single machine, The Corliss engint
that furnished tho power for driving
the machinery at the Centennial a
Philadelphia. Thirty-five cars wen
required to transport it to Pullman
Its weight is 1,369,588 pounds, iii
cost was $111,000, and its horse pow
er is 2,400. Steam is generated witl
shavings delivered from the wood ma
chine shop by means of a blower
The main driving shaft, 0 inches ii
diameter, extends 600 feet in a tun?
nel under the second main building,
and connects with secondary shafts
in all the shops. This engine also
operates the pumping machinery t
forces water up 200 feet into the t;
of the great tower, and that sends
sewage three miles distant to
sewer farra. Every piece of macl
ery in these extensive works is mo1
by this wonderful Corliss engine,
that, should the main shaft at i
time twist or snap asunder, ev
wheel in the great works would s
simultaneously. Provision has b<
made against emergencies, howe*
by the erection of two powerful a
iliary engines conveniently locatec
The g-eat water tower is a cent
figure of interest. It is 200 feet hi?
and has on top a tank of half a milli
gallons capacity. Under the pun
ing machinery at the base of the tc
er is a chamber, 30 feet deep, for
ceiving all the sewage of the ci
From the top of this vault runs a ?
inch pipe, connected, with the gn
smoke-stack of the boiler furnac
which generate the steam for the C
liss engine. This smoke-stack vhi
has a height of 176 feet, posseses
immense draft, which, being comn
nicated to the vault below by the i
inch pipe, draws of through the gr?
stack all the poisonous gases and fe
air issued from this deposit. T
draft is accelerated by eight air pt
sages in the buttresses of the towe
extending from the arch of the se
age vault to the top of the tower. ?
great is the draft produced that oi
standing directly over a manhole
the engine-room, looking down in
the black depths pf the pool, can d
tect no odor ; while any light fabt
held over the aperture is instant
drawn from the hand down into ll
darkness below. The sewage
pumped ont as fast as it accumulate
and is forced for fertilizing purpos
through a sewage main to the sewa|
farm.
This sewage farm contains abo
1,500 acres of prairie soil, and thoi
portions over which the sewage
distributed are tile drained. Tl
sewage is thus filtered, the solids i
main ing in the soil and fertilizir
vegetation, the surplus water flowir
into lake Calumet, situated in tl
pleasure park of the city. The wat
flowing from these tile drains is de
and devoid of offensive contents. 1
fact, nowhere upon the farm does th
method of disposal of sewage mal
itself obnoxious to people settle
around. This farm is cultivated as
market garden, the city of Pullman i
course furnishing an abundant mark*
for all it can raise. The net proi
upon its management the pastseasoi
when 60 acres were under cultivation
was$8,500, a good per cent, upc
$80,000, the entire cost of the pnm]
ing and irrigating plant. This schem
has been carried out with great inte
ligence, of course, because the corp?
ration was autocratic, and had a chane
to order every thing after the mo;
approved dictates of science and wit
no fear of arousing opposition or lit
gatton from others. But nothing ha
been done there which is not possibl
in many other places where sewag
is now wasted, and worse than wa;
ted. Besides the sewage pipes ther
18 laid throughout thc city a distine
and separate system of surface draii
age into the waters of Lake Calume
These two systems were constructe
at an outlay of over $300,000.
Just north of the main building
j are situated thc Allen Paper Cf
j Wheel Works. The capacity of th es
; works reaches about 12,000 wheel
j annually, about -100 workmen bein
j employed. The process of manufac
! ure consists of compressing, by mean
j of hydraulic force, ordinary coars
: brown paper pulp, containing a cei
i tain percentage of wood fibre, to sue
! a degree that it assumes thc densit
and solidity of box wood. This pad
ing is then pressed into the steel tire
j and confined latterly by quarter-inc
j iron plates, one on each side, bein
; cross-boltrd together by a number o
! iron bolts extending sectional!
! through the packing from plate I
I plate. These wheels aro used excli
j sivcly by the Pullman Company upo
! their parlor and day coaches, and thei
j sleeping, dining and parlor cars, thei
i cost being from ?75 to $95 per wheel
I In the car wheel foundry near by, th
j crude iron is handled as it is receive?
from the smelting works. The four
dry has a capacity of 350 car wheel
per day, and 75 lons of architecture
and other castings, and now employ
abnut 750 workmen.
Space allows but a brief mention o
the public buildings, though they dc
serve much more. The Aotel Fioi
ence is a fine building, elegantly
I furnished, and has 75 guest chambers
j The Arcade building, which co6
j $250,000, contains various oflices, ?
I cafe, a bank with $100,000 capital, J
billiard room, a library of 10,00(
volumes, given by Mr. Pullman, and
a beautiful theater capable of seating
1,000 people. The fire departmen
has a laige livery' stable anda truel
house. The alarms are sent by elec
trie push buttons. Every building
in the city is supplied with private
fire-plugs, beside the department
plugs upon thc street. A substantia
three-story schoolhouse has four large
rooms on each lloor. It is Mr. Pull,
man's intention to establish an indus
i trial school. A beautiful church,
'I with a chime of bells in the steeple
j and with a fine organ, all costing $ 18,
I 500, is used by Presbyterians, thc
! prevailing religo us sect. A comtno
; i dious market-house has stalls foi
i butchers, farmers and market-men,
and on thc second floor a military
company, organized by the Pullman
emyloycs, have a drill room. Thc
gas works make water gas, which ia
i used for lighting, and by about 10 per
, cent, of the people for heating and
cooking. The water supply in drawn
? from the water works of a neighboring
, town five miles distant. A minimum
i sum of $6,000 per annum is paid, the
water being suppliodjat the rate of $00
i per 1,000,000 gallons, and $25 per
. 1,000,000 for all in excess of 5,000,
000 gallons per month. The water
is forced up to thc tank of the great
towoi, from which it is distributed
throughout the city at an average
pressure of 1,960 pouuds to tho square
foot.
i Although Pullman is one busy, ac
> 1 live hive of industry aud enterprise.
her people still have time to enjoy
physical exercise in the way of ath?
letic sports. It was determined that
boating, rowing and sailing should
form an important feature of these
sports, and desiring to make an island
off the shore, a point of the mainland
was made one with a dredging ma?
chine. It was then connected with
the mainland with a bridge, and its
surface laid out in walks and flower
beds A neat boat house and a grand
stand facing the water course were
built, with ample space in front of thc
latter for bowling, cricket, running
and walkiug contests. The same
space is flooded in winter and is used
for a skating rink. An athletic club
was organized among the employes
with a capital of $10,000.
The city is located upon the west
shore of Lake Calumet, a small body
of water, 3 miles long by 1 1-2 miles
wide, connected with Lake Michigan
by a navigable stream called thc
Calumet River. It is the intention
to make this river and lake of sufficient
depth by dredging to accommodate
the largest lake vessels. Slip docks
are now in course of construction for
their accommodation, when the lake
shall have been made navigable and
the river widened, straightened and
deepened.
There are no lawyers or policemen
in the city. The "demon of drink"
is excluded. Pullman is a prohibi?
tion town. But it is so in no merely
negative way. It endeavors to fur?
nish the working-men with more
healthful and attractive substitutes
for the pleasures of the saloon. Every
lease can be broken at two weeks'
notice on either side. There is no
other political government but the
Pullman corporation, which is George
M. Pullman.
Although so much has been accom?
plished at Pullman, the work has only
begun. Ultimately it is to include a
great diversity of industrial interests.
Opportunity will be given workmen
by which, through industry and fru?
gality, they may purchase and own
their homes. A tract of land has
been surveyed and subdivided into
spacious lots, and the company will,
upon the application of any responsi?
ble workman employed in their estab?
lishment, erect for him a house which,
with the groun,d may be paid for in
monthly installments. In all cases,
however, the sale will be upon such
conditions as will enaWe the company
to maintain control of the premises,
so far as the moral and social welfare
cf the community may be concerned.
Half a mile north of the city is a
tract of 300 acres, upon which it is
intended to commence the foundation
! of one of the most beautiful suburban
j villages in the vicinity of Chicago.
A fact not to be overlooked in an
! account of this enterprise is, that ail
materials used in its construction
were fashioned by its own workmen ;
the elaborately carved wood-work,
the beautifully painted walls, and the
rich mouldings and interior decora?
tion of every variety and description,
were the work of the Pullman Com?
pany's employes. One mile south of
the city were established extensive
brickyards, employing 250 workmen.
During the year 1882, 18,000,000
brick were made and 12,000,000 were
used for construction purposes. The
clay of which they were made was
taken from the bed of Lake Calumet,
which produces a superior and durable
quality. During the winter season,
when the cold weather renders this
work impracticable, the same force of
men are used so far as requited in
cutting and storing ice, which is taken
from Lake Calumet, to fill a large ice?
house.
In long settled communities so
many abuses and vested interests
grow up as to form a barrier to at?
tempts at social reform. The poorer
workmen and their families are hud?
dled together in dens so confined that
comfort or even decency is impossi?
ble, and any aspiration after a higher
life is inevitably crushed out under
pressure of unfavorable surroundings.
Such a town as Pullman, built on a
barren waste, with no obstacle to the
full realization of the idea of its foun
dcr,aflbrds ample opportunity of test?
ing whether such an idea be utopian
! or not. The enterprise has passed
beyond the phase of experiment, as
the foregoing description shows.
Not only are the material, moral and
intellectual interests of the inhabitants
carefully considered and promoted to
the utmost extent, but thc establish?
ment of the town bids fair to be a
great financial success, aside from
the financial success of the car works.
Here is a community of iuterest be
tweeu capital and labor, based upon
no hard and fast arbitrary scheme of
co-operation, but on the equitable
adjustment of natural relations subsis?
ting between these two great factors
to their mutual advantage. There is no
attempt at dictation on the part of the
capitalist, but over the whole scheme
Air. Pullman basso wisely regulated
every detail, with reference to thc
truest interests of the whole commu?
nity, that there is no man who is not
satisfied that he enjoys the fullest
freedom.
Wc cnn hut wipe our weeping eyes
while sympathizing with the trouble of
our brother of the Barnwell I'coj'le.
Listen to him :
Troubler arc like hone felons-they
never come singly. We've had an
avalanche of them. Leap year with all
its perils, is upon us. Last week our
pressman knocked sereu column into
.pi* and our foreman has heen iu bed
since Saturday with a vicious spell of
chill and fever. We arc sorry, but we
can't help it. Accidents will happen
in the best regulated families, and our
time bas come. Correspondents and
advertisers, whose favors aro unavoid
ly slighted, will please excuse us.
We've done our best, and will make
amends in the Sweet Bye and Bye.
.
When Xanthus in Lycia was besieg?
ed by the Romans under Brutus, 42 B
C., the meu set fire to the city, killed
their wives and children and then them?
selves. The conquerors, wishing to
spare thom, promised rewards to any
soldier who would bring bim a living
Xautheau, but only 150 were saved.
ne was m u * Army.
[From the Brooklyn Eagle.]
A distinguished company of lawyers
sat in the Supreme Court-room, talking
over old times. Among them was Col.
Charles S. Spencer. He was in his
usual happy vein, and told a new story.
'I was retained,' said he, by an 'ex
soldier of thc war, to sue for the re?
covery of some $1,800 which he had i
loaned to a friend. The late Edwin j
James was counsel for the defendant. I
I went to work zealously for ray client.
James cross-examined the plaintiff in
his usual forcible way.
'You loaned him gi,800?' Mr.
James asked.
'I did, sir,' was the reply.
'It was your own money V Mr. James
continued.
'it was, sir/ my client responded.
'When did you lend him the money?'
was the next question.
'Tn July, 1866,' was the answer.
'Where did you get that money, sir ?'
Mr. James asked, sternly.
'I earned it, sir.' The words were
said in a meek tone.
'You earned it, eh ? When did you
earn it ?' asked Mr. James.
'During the war, sir,' was the reply,
still in a very humble tone.
'You earned it during the war. Boy,
what was your occupation during the
war?' Mr. James inquired.
'Fighting, sir, the man replied,
modestly.
'Oh, fighting,' Mr. James said, j
somewhat taken down, and instantly |
changing his manner.
'I smiled triumphantly, and even
snickered a little. James was half
mad. Well, we went to the jury, and
?, of course, had the last say. I sailed
away up to glory. I spoke of the war :
of the lives and treasure which it cost
us ; of the awful battles which decided
the fate of the Union ; of the self-denial
and bravery of our men who left home
and wife and children, and father and
mother, and everything that was dear
to them, and went forth to fight for fire?
sides and freedom and the salvation of
the nation. I pointed to the plain tiff
as he sat there, still with the same air
of humility and even sadness, and I
said that was the sort of men who had
fought our battles and saved the flag
and shed hts life-blood that we and our
children might enjoy uncurtailod the
glorious blessings of freedom wrenched
from the hand of despots by our sires. ?
I worked up that jury, I can tell you, |
and thc plaintiff himself drew forth an
unpretentious handkerchief and wiped
away a tear. I got a verdict for the
full amount, of course.
'As we were quitting the court room,
James said, 'Spencer, your war speech
gained you the verdict. If you hadn't
discovered through my cross-examina?
tion that the man had fought in the
war, you would have been beaten/
? 'My friend,' I replied, 'if you had
only asked the man which side he
! fought on, you might be going home
with a verdict. My client was a rebel.'
--^p-m -
Stump Pulling-The Cheapest
Plan Yet.
Editor Cotton riant : Seeing that
stump pulling is attracting attention in
your paper. I will give a plau by which ?
[ cleared one hundred acres thc past
summer, atan average cost of three to five
cents per stump. It is obvious from
reading 'J. M. G-' in December No.
that he did not have pine stumps to
deal with, for they will not come out if
there is only a string as large as two
tigers, aud if there is a solid tap root as
large as the thc calf of a man's leg it will
have to be cut in two. First procure a
good yoke of oxen or pair of mules, j
oxen are best, and hitch them to the
front wheels of a wagon uncoupled.
Get a good log chain, thc strongest
you ever saw. I used one made of half
J inch rouud iron and broke it two or
three times. Get a stout oak pole not
less than six inches through the large
end and tweuty-five feet long. Fastcu
the small end with a chain or strong
rope about six foot loug behind tho axle
of the wagon. Then dig around the j
stump and cut the large surface roots, j
leaving one projecting sufficiently toen- j
gage the chain.
Drop the log chain around the root
and the large end of the pole so that
wheu the team moves around the stump
in a circle, thc stump will have to turn
around too. Two or three rounds gene?
rally suffice to looseu it so that by driv- j
ing straight away the stump will bc
pulled out of thc hole.
Those that I could get out in any oth?
er way I cut off so as to make thorough
work of it. When I go to pulling
stumps again I will have something
like a cant hook made to slip over the I
larga end of the pole and catch thc root
of thc stump, instead of thc log chain.
I hope that the day will soon come,
when we can, in a large measure, dis?
pense with thc unreliable free labor.
L. A DUGGAN.
mt^m . ? ---
What We Can Do.
J.H. Moore writes to the Home and
Farm as follows :
"There is nothing we usc that can not
bo more cheaply raised than it can bo
bought in the North and brought.
South. Ile speaks of the increased j
value of the lands. If there has been;
any increased value it was not from cot- J
ton, for those lands where cotton is ex- ?
elusively cultivated have steadily de- j
creased, and it is easy to show an in- j
J creased value on thc assesor's book.
Ile says that cottou can bc raised hy the
South for 7 cents per pound, but not by
the impecunious planter. But says that
it is thc credit system that causes thc
high cost of raising. Now, if thc plant?
er eau make money, why docs he have
to pay big interest to get credit? No
farmer in the West complains of high j
prices of goods because they aro bought!
on credit. Let any planter give a hand j
the same wages that, arc paid farm j
hands in thc North and sec if he can ;
make cotton for 7 cents. And if thc !
Northern or Western fa rm or can afford j
to pay his hands $25 per month and ?
board to make corn and meat, why can j
not the Southern fanner do tho sante in j
the South ? and if the West is prospe- 1
rous while the South is poor, why should
we continue to raise cotton ?
I saw an article in a South Carolina
paper in regard to labor. It stated that
m?y wc:c pajiiig \jrciujinj lavuivio ??-1^
per month without board, and woodered
why they left the sunny South to go to
the cold, bleak North. Had they known
that North thc same laborer got $25
and good, honest board, their wonder
would cease. This twaddle about makin"*
o
money on /-cent cotton is the merest
nonsense. The world wonts cheap cot?
ton and they can get rich handling it,
but the man who makes it will die poor
He tells you how a big crop of cotton
greases the wheels of commerce, of
manufacture, and increases the wealth
of cities.
Well, that is all nice enough, but I
had not learned that the Southern cot?
ton planter had devoted himself to do
charity for the rich io cities while he
drudges on a life of poverty. If this is
so, he will have to look on the other
side of Jordan for his pay, he will get
none here.
He says a short crop of cotton ts of
no advantage to the planter. In this
he is mistaken. One bale of cotton at
13 cents per pound is equal to two bales
at 8 cents, and as thc farmer has less
to pick, it will cost less, and then if all
will make what they use thc crop will
be short, the price high, aad be will
have more money and will not be com?
pelled to pay high prices on credit.
He says there are big stocks on hand.
I have a circular from New Orleans
stating that there is only 340,237 bales
in excess of last year.
He says that the crop is estimated by
the best informed men to be 5,800,000
This is all guess-work. The visible
supply of cotton is always so over?
shadowed by the invisible means taken
to hide it, that no one knows anything
about it.
The man who has planted cotton
since the war knows full well that
making cotton at 7 cents per pound will
not pay his board and &6 per month
wages.
If the South wants emigrants to come
South they must be ready and able to
pay the same wages that are paid in the
North. Can you do it making 7 cent
cotton?
What Our Editors Say.
Southern Outrages,
Boston Herald.
The best sentiment in the Republi?
can party is against any investigation of
Southern outrages at the preseut time.
There can be but one purpose in such
an investigation, and that is to make
party capital. The war ended nearly
twenty years ago, and the Southern
States have their fate in their own
hands They have certainly made
great progress. We hear of compara?
tively few acts of lawlessness in these.
On the whole, we suppose there is no
more crime in proportion to population
in a Southern community than in a
Northern. At any rate, these States
are responsible to their own people, and
will prosper or not according to the pro?
tection they give to life and property.
It is too late to make a Presidential
campaigu with a 'bloody shirt' for a
flag. It will drive away more votes
than it will win.
Greenville News.
It is a fact that deliberate, cowardly,
cold blooded murders are rarely com
j milted by white men, and that fact
naturally causes the presumption when
a white tuan kills somebody that he has
some justification or that there is some
palliating circumstance. But such a
prcsumtion is not always sustained by
the facts.
We ought to proceed in our courts on
thc theory that the white man is to be
punished more severely than the negro
j for equal crimes, being blessed with in
! tclligence, enlightenment and moral
training, and that a criminal is a crimi?
nal and must be treated like one t?hat
cver his social position or wealth may
be or however respectable he may have
been. Let us stop demanding new
laws against carrying weapons and sell
I iug whisky, and go to work to enforce
I thc laws we have against using wea
! pons and drinking too much whisky or
I giving it to the wrong people.
Edgejleld Advertiser.
Thc Advertiser, although it has not
made up its mind as to the wisdom of
enacting prohibitory laws, will yet do
its best to aid the ladies of the W. C.
T. U., and everybody else, in the ad?
vancement of temperance. More in the
future than in the past will the Adver?
tiser give its efforts and influence to aid
in iuducing men, by all reasonable
measures, to abstain from the use of in?
toxicating liquors. We will continue
to treat the advocates of temperance
with the most profound respect and to
support them to thc extremest limit of
our judgement and conscience, because
wc know that most of the men and all
of the women among them arc working
with the purest and most exalted mo?
tives, aud arc inspired by love and sym?
pathy for their fellow men-motives
j which demand the regard of every de
1 cent human being however judgments
may differ.
And to our readers ?and the great
public, we would say, let all who have
fathers, sons, brothers, friends, going
down tho course of intemperance, or
likely to so go. look well to their actions
in thc cteat contest now hoiug waged
between that which has di>graco and
misery on ono side, and happiness and
virtue ot; thc other.
Remember 'he that is not with mc is
against me/
Intemperance in Society.
Williamsburg Herald.
Kingstree has now the monopoly of
thc liquor traffic for this county It
has always boen our aim to fight monop?
olies of auy and all kinds but this seems
to be of proportions so gigantic and its
poisonous fangs so deeply embeded in
thc bodies of its victims, wc feel that
our feeble efforts would bc futile, unless
wc cnn arouse and call to our assistance
thc aid of mothers, wives, sisters, and
sweet hearts. They possess an influ?
ence more powerful than all the writings
of tho press combined, and for the man?
ner in which they wield that influence
are re.^pousihle in a much greater degree
than they least dream of. A young
mau, if he is anything of a swell or so?
ciety beau, may with impunity come di?
rect froui a bar room, his breath foul
wini tuc aiucii ui n ueuiuu uriufe, ?uiu
not only call on, but receive from the
Bon-ton-ladies of society-a smiling
reception, and in many cases because'
their peculiar condition renders them
capable of going on with light wanton?
ness and gay frivolity, their company is
preferred to that of the quiet, sober,
unassuming young man. The same is
applicable to mothers as well as young
j ladies. They, too, by their over atten?
tions encourage licentiousness instead
of meeting out to its just reward. How
many mothers have allowed their
daughters to receive the attentions of
young men whom they know to be regu?
lar frequenters of the bar room ?
How many 3'oung ladies take thc
arm of a young man for a dance, a
stroll, or perchance a pleasant drive
when she knows at the time he is barely
able to take care of himself much less
being capable of rendering to her the
protection usually accorded ? While on'
this subject we would like to write more,
but for the present must desist. Bufe
will say this, if the ladies all over the
county will take hold of this matter we
firmly believe we can drive the traffic
of liquor from the borders of our coun?
ty. At any rate let the effort be made,
Fairfield News and Herald.
Some people seem to apprehend a lit?
tle embarrassment from the publication,
in the N'?tes and Courier, of the recol?
lections of Southern women of the late
war. This apprehension is unworthy
of brave men and of good citizens. If
it will nettle the Northern people to
read some of the history of thc war, told
by women who wri?e from actual knowl?
edge-let them be nettled. The women
will tell nothing but the simple truth.
That truth is in great danger of being
both perverted and forgotten. Any
plan that will place on record the
truth of history is very much needed in
the South just now The great danger
is that thc Southern youth may be
taught, out of Northern books, that
their fathers and brothers were only
rebels, and that the United States gov?
ernment treated those rebels with unex?
ampled magnanimity. Any truthful
account of the war, whether in the form
of separate narratives or of one general
history, will do good in the South. It
is for this reason, more than for any
other, that wc trust that the Neics and
Courier will be well supplied with ac?
counts of thc experiences of 'Our Wo?
men of the War.' True, they may tell
some things not creditable to the man?
hood of thc Federal soldier, or the
'magnanimity' of the Federal govern?
ment. But these things ought to be
put on record, and they will never see
thc light tnrough Northern newspaper?
or Northern books.
-^mm>+ * . i mW
News and Gossip.
The American belle par excellence
for next season in London, vice Miss
Chamberlain, retired, will be Miss
Julia Jackson, daughter of 'Stonewall*
Jackson the famous Confederate Gene?
ral.
It is estimated that it would cost
about ?250 daily to maintain an oiled
passage across the British Channel.
The sum looks formidable, but is less
than is now paid for 'remedies' for sea?
sickness which are not remedies.
Gov. Thompson has recomramended
to the President the appointment of Col.
A. P. Butler as Commissioner for
Sourh Carolina at the New Orleans Ex?
position, and Dr. W. L. Mauldin, of
Greenville, as alternate Commissioner.
These are excellent recommendations,
as .either of gentlemen named would
represent the State in a most acceptable
and efficient manner.
William Tecumseh Sherman seems to
bc giving himself much unnnecessary
trouble declining the office of President
of fifty millions of people tendered him
by about ten cranks. We will insure
him against being thrust into thc White
House for a very small premium. The
citizens of the United States now recog?
nize thc fact that there is only one pro?
per process of elevating an incendiary.
-Greenville Ncies.
Miss Ash, of this city, has gone
down to Churchill County to teach the
public school. Thc pupils of that
school hardly have time to get acquaint?
ed with the teachers sent them before
the holy bonds of matrimony carry them
off. It is thought ii will hereafter be
necessary to require female teachers Co
give bonds in that district not to marry
during thc school term. - Virginia City:
Enterprise.
Last Saturday afternoon ? heavy
black smoke was seen issuing from the
windows of the First Baptist Church of
Augusta, Ga. An alarm was sounded
and the fire department called ou'.
Several streams of water 'were turned
into thc church. A hole was burned ia
the floor near thc pulpit and the carpets
and furniture were considerably injured
by smoke and water. The damage will
amount to about ?5,000, fully covered
by insurance. The fire was caused by
'the heater.
An extraordinary scene was witness?
ed recently at thc funeral of an English
boy who committed suicide by throwing
himself in front of a train, lt has been
rumored that the boy was habitually
ill-treated by his stepfather, and, al?
though this was denied at thc inquest, a
largo crowd assembled at thc cemetery,
and. as soon as his cc??n h:td been con?
signs! to thc grave, a number of men
pelted thc stepfather with pieces of turf,
and made several unsuccessful attempts*
to throw him into the grave. At
length he made his escape, but was fol
followed to his home by a large mob,
who, with stones, smashed every pane of
glass in the foont of his house.
lu a speech delivered at an anti-slav?
ery meeting in Ilochestor, N. Y.,
about 30 years sgo. Fred. Douglass had
this to say on thc subject of araalaga
tion : 'if a black man burns his feet by
marrying a white woman he must ex?
pele to stand on the blisters.' Now
that he has taken on himself a white
wife it is hard *o tay what he expects
to stand on : but one thing is certain,
he has removed himself still further
from both the white and the black races
bv his marriage and will be looked upoo>
with greater distrust than ever by both
white and black. He is, however, old
enough to retire altogether from politics ,
and probably don't care much anyway.
-Columbia Register.