The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, October 30, 1883, Image 1
Be Just and Fear not-Let all the Ends thou Aims't at. be thy Country's, thy God's, and Truth's."
THK TRUE SOlTTHKON, Established June, 1866
SUMTER, S. C., TUESDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1883.
Xcv, Series-Vol. Jil. So. 13.
S. c.
tout?-?? ?Stavce.
Tl SX MR S TS.
Insertion....-$1 00
insertion--.- 50
jgjo^QS. or tonger viii
rh subserve pr?ate
[ for HS'ad ver ti semants,
triantes; of respect will be
cotices of deaths pob
coatracts for advert?sr?ig
^/<^?l'Sim?hroji, or apply at
i 3N. O. OSTEEN,
" c BusineW Manager.
I
?ll
futely Pure.
DKfwt raries. A marvel of
?net wholesomeness. Kore
NJwu t he ord in ??ry ki ods, and can
'-!n coopeti?ioE ??tb the multitude
t wei2bt. alum or phosphate
Jgm?am. ROYAL 8 AK
K,106 Wa??-stU N. Y.
PP m?m CONSIDER!
?Pfi? IL YATES
^fe^,fc^CCST().\JKR? AND'TDE
^ -fcjVLlC GE^ iRA LLY
^^^^^ndJS^U Assorted stock of j fl
pS^^ ?ii? Paney Groceries.J
I j.3tj^?*Ir"'guaranteed as represented.-.
^ .^B^^B^u^e- of Crockery, Glasses re ? nd
ij?f|&i^ just opened.
?^'^J^?^ ^?-?Ke-is com p?ete, embrac
e?^?tmg in gecen?! ?se. -Special in-,
^pwejoe?ts oSrred to purchasers. KkeJtr
?a~J$d* ~*o? TLc Harvest Sei* -consist of ten
fvM^ vf lia-wjtre, ali iwefol articles, for <ww
?feffv, maw with patent 6re-proof bottoms,
llg^r; in???aeiS?rok?ng and Chewing Tobacco,
and an elegant assortment of Cigars, cf ta?
lons fcrsads, Tbc DCKE OF DURHAM
^?^?^ET^\?old hy ?!?? thousand or single
package: I Also a good assortment of Pipes.
Woode? and Willow Ware.
Pali Iktebflpivd tn Tnfcs, Sockets, Briskets,
Wa*?-bW*i% Seives, Weil Buckets, Brooms,
?CTOT BED SPEINGS.
r : lam still making the Twin Bed Springs,
?od seiling tbenvat the.exeeedingly low prire
:?C|3i?s set. t>?e mat1 ress is sufficient to
, ?ai^jft.coBiforfeihle bed where these springs
We^sed. Every set gaaracteed to give satis?
faction, or money ref anded. -
?WHEAT AND SICS FLOUB
? A1W>TW|QD Band.
E|The best and ??papest feed for stock.
f Purchasers will do well to call and examine
: my stock aa? prices., "Money saved is money
tj; ?Ugc^* delivered free of charge to any
part of ike city.
> 'H. TATES SDHTBR, S. C.
Aug 28 ?rj Opposite Jno. Reid's.
&o j&?? ?mS l-OR THE LESST M05V.EV
' ;:a^R?^ SATISFACTION^
t^Ta??e Measure in announcing to their friends
and the public generaTly That they ha?e
added to their brjsioess an as.-ort
^j^^j^^;7TR^^S,^V ALIS ES AND
BOOTS AK?) SKOSS.
F^jfe:-; ~ they bavejb?
"W?GEST' .AND REST STOCK THEY
J^pfc ??JtAfcE-EYER ??AD.
W^jfe ofwhich they will sell at the same
V?l??0^r*E?GES which has made them the
f XgULEQSSS ET SH22? LUTE*
t^lbi quality and price. The
83OT^0?f A?^D HAT TRADE OF SUMTER
bas Ho^fore witnessed so complete a Ine of
? SQLlk^ND DURABLE GOODS. AT
? : - PRI?IvS,
As are few"" offered at their store. All
igoo?B warrifed as heretofore. Do no! fail
to^U ?nd fcnixne stock before buying.
FOB SALK
T^HB ITNDHfelGNED bas several trncts
t from 23?b acres each, of GOOD
?PION FOR SALE, with good
^^*?Wr8?*l^?rater, convenient to schools
Mia efenreb? a?^good society
I AW*I to I S. A. NORRIS,
I JJ S^RS 0FFICE' STTMTER? S' C>
^^^ IFOB SALE.
f FA^ ^fp 33 AC^ES-about 50
t-J?tt^^^ ctfaration-silnated W\ miles ;
r ^>w**0*J^e4'^oc tfe.Certral R. R.. (known ns j
[ W ?ing;4jpkce.fe offered for sale .:t ren
?wwu?lepri^br 4^ or part cash. There are
FISJ^^*^!i?0-^^Mne dwelling of two
y^?j?* ?^^SPlt^^^tweep, ^rn ftn^ other
Time to Stop lt.
It's too bad, Sir or Madam, but don't get
frightened. Your hair is falling off-that's
certain. A glance in the mirror, or an inves?
tigating committee of fingers tell the dismal
story. We won't discuss the possible cause.
It is enough that Parker's Hair Balsam used
now will prevent further destruction. Is
your bair somewhat gray, too and crisp?
Alas yes. The Balsam will give back the
original color, softness and gloss. Not a dye,
not oily, elegantly perfumed, a perfect
dressing.
Half Out of His Head.
'Blessed be the man,'said Don Quixote's
weary squire, *who invented sleep.' Sancho's
gratitude is ours, but what if one cannot for
any reason enjoy that excellent invention?
'Nervousness in me had become a disesse,'
writes Mr. William Coleman, the well known
wholesale druggist of Buffalo. N: Y.
'I could not-sleep, and my nights were
either passed in that sort of restlessness which
nearly crazes a man, or in a ki ud of stupor,
haunted by tormenting dreams. Having
taken Parker's Tonic for other troubles, I
tried it also for this. The result both sur?
prised and delighted me. My nerves were
toned io concert pitch, and like Caesar's fat
men? I fell into the ranks of those who sleep
o' nights. I should add that the Tonic
speedily did away with the condition of gen?
eral debility and dyspepsia.occasioned by my *
previousTSleepJessness, and gave me strength
and perfect digestion. In brief, the use of the
Tonic thoroughly re-established my health,
i have used Parker's Tonic with en tire success
for sea-sickness and for the bowel disorders
incident to ocean voyages.'
This preparation has heretofore been known
as Parker's Ginger Tome. Hereafter it will
be advertised and sold under the name of
Parker's Tonic-omitting the word 'ginger.'
Hiscox k Co. are induced to make this change
by the action of unprincipled dealers who
have for years deceived their customers by
substituting inferior preparations under the
name of ginger. We drop the misleading
word aH the more willingly, as ginger is au
unimportant flavoring ingredient in our
Tonic
Please remember that no change has been,
or trill be, made in the preparation itself, and
all bottles remaining in the hands of dealers,
wrapped under the name of Parker's Ginger j
Tonic, con tai u the genuine medicine if the j
fac-sin?le signature of Hiscox & Co. is at the
bottom of the outside wrapper.
SUMTER PARK
-AND
ASttiCUlTUBAL ASSOCIATION.
IN ADDITION to the regular premiums
published in the Premium List tor 1883,
the tallowing revised and. enlarged list of j
Special Prizes is offered :
First Day, Tuesday, Qth November.
TOURNAMENT : at 2 P. M. Prizes ; First j
$25. Second $15, Third ?10. Entrance fee '
$1.00
SecondDayy Wednesday, 1th November.
FOOT RACE, FOR WHITES ; at ll A.M.;
:200 yards, prize S10. Entrance fee 50
cents; not less than ten to.enter.
FOOT RACE, FOR COLORED: at 12 M.;
200 yards, prize S10. Entrance fee 50
cents; not less than ten to enter.
PRIZE DRILL FOR INFANTRY; at 2 P.
M. Prize$50, not less than two Conopa
nies to compete. Each Company must
have not less than 24 men in line. Compa?
nies in uniform will be passed over the j
-.Cheraw & Dnr?ing?on,^ "North Eastern," j
"Wilmington. Columbia & Augusta," the !
."Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta," the !
"Columbia and Greenville," and the .
"Central" Railroads at three cents per mile i
for the round trip, and will be admitted1
free to thc Fair Grounds on the dav of the
drill.
?_
Tltird Day, Thursday, $th November.
PLOUGHING MATCH, FOR WHITES; at.
?1 A. M. ; prize S5.
PLOUGHING MATCH, FOR COLORED; at
12 M. ; prize $5.
Fourth Day. Friday, Sth November.
GLASS BALL SHOOTING ; at 12 M. ; j
prize 55.
RIFLE SHOOTING; at 1 P. M.; prize So.
Entrance fee for. shooting$1.
_
Cheap excursion rates cn all Rail?
roads leading to Sumter. Admission to the !
Fair Grounds has been reduced to 25 cents ;
no half tickets. . .
THOMAS 0. SANDERS,
CHAS. H. MOISE, President.
Secretarv and Treasurer.
Oct 2 _
MY~BEAET
DO YOU 2N0W THE SEASON
WHY PEOPLE WANT TO RUY
TBE WILSON LISHTNINS SEWER
in preferem t to any other
2IACZ2*T3?
We will tell you.
BECAUSE it has no Cogs, Cams or Gears.
BECAUSE it has no Rawhide or Felt j
Packing.
BECAUSE it has no Cast-iron Parts paint- :
ed over to cover its defects.
BECAUSE it does not sh:)ke, rattle or j
dance all over the floor when ran at a high ?
rate of speed.
* i
BECAUSE it ins two speeds-one for fine j
wjorkora delicate operator, and the other j
for fast speed, so that you can do one-third
more work in a day than can be done on any i
other Sewing Machine.
BECAUSE it runs Light and E:isy.
BECAUSE lost motion can be be taken up j
after years of wear without changing or put- !
tinz in new parts, which cannot be done |
with any other Sewing Machine.
BECAUSE it darns rips and tears.
BECACSE it does the roost elegant designs I
in embroidering without au attachment.
BECAUSE it does not break the thread oi
needle when run backwards.
We could tell you for hours of its Superiority ;
overall other Sewing Machines. Wo think !
this is sufficient reason why people should |
boy the WILSON. It is soid on very easy i
terms.
BlXT]IIA31f & BRO.,
BOOT AND SHOE STOKE,
SUMTER, S. C.
Aug. 21
CLAOSSEN BREWING COMPANY, !
"PALMETTO BREWERY"
-AND
SODA WATER FACTORY, !
CHARLESTON, S. C.
GOODS WARRANTED STRICTLY PURE. ?
i
Beer fresh and cool put np in cases of 2, 4, :
and 6 dozen in shipping order. Also in kegs ;
of abont 8 gallons af $2.25 and about 4 gal- j
lons at Si.25 per keg. I
Soda Water: Lemon. Sarsaparilla and j
Ginger, separare or assorted, t? dozrn in j
case .nt $2.00 per case. Bottles, case and
keg to be returned.
Export Beer of very finest quality and to i
keep any length of time, at $1.00 per d<>zen, !
15 cents per dozen allowed for bottles if re- !
turned here.
t Joly 24_ 3m
FOR S^X-aES.!
A DOUBLE-CASE, LADY'S SIZE, |
^?jGOLD WATCH AND CHAIN, used !
a>~y*.? six months, and in perfect running j
order, for sale at this office. 1
j [From ihe News and Courier, Oct. 25th.]
C0T?0N-PIC2ING BY MACHINS,
Promised Independence of Kegrc
Labor in the South.
TJie Greatest Triumph of Inventive Ge?
nius Since the Discovery of the Cot?
ton Gin-Human Fingers no Longer
Necessary for Gathering the Great
Southern Staple-History of the
Machins-The Patents Owned hy a
Charleston Comjxiny.
A machine for picking cotton in the
field has just been completed and re?
cently tested at Sumter, io this State.
Practical farmers say that it is destined
to create a revolution in the agricultu?
ral interests of the Cotton States. A
Syndicate of Charleston men has pur?
chased a controlling interest in the pat?
ents, and the machines will be put
upon the market for sale, of lease, next
season. A charter has been secured,
and the company will be organized
within a few days anti the necessary
capital furnished to enable the rapid
manufacture of the machines. e
THE INVENTOR.
The inventor of the machine is C. T.
Mason, Jr., a native of Sumter, S. C.,
and a master machinist of extraordinary
skill and ingenuity. He is at this time
only 28 years of age. At the age of
14 he left his borne and secured work
in the machine shops of George Page
& Co., of Baltimore, where he remain?
ed two years. Before he was 15 years
of age he built a complete miniature
steam-engine which was very highly
commended^by the Scientific American
io'1869. In speaking of the tborongh
workmanship and fine finish of the
little machine, this journal said that
young Mason exhibited a mechanical
skill which was remarkable, and they
predicted that he would make a great
name for himself. Before bc was 18
Mr. Mason was given a position as a
passenger engineer on the Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad, and in that capaci?
ty ran between Baltimore and Wash?
ington. Whiie so engaged be was in?
jured by an accident, and then took a
position as foreuiara of the Pennsylva?
nia Agricultural Works at York, Penn?
sylvania, of which A. B. Farquhar is
the proprietor. After leaving the Bal?
timore and Ohio Road, Mr. Mason
came back to the South, and engaged
largely ia the saw-mill and cotton-gin?
ning business. His career in this
sphere of labor, ho\ . -or, was cut short
by a serious accidc.. and he went
North again and remained there some
time. He was the first in this State to
use the "condenser attachment" to a
gin, which is now considered almost in?
dispensable. Ile has medals and diplo?
mas from the agricultural societies of
this State, and of North Carolina ; and
in 1876 he held thc responsible position
of superintendent of the exhibit of the
Pennsylvania agricultura] works at the
Centennial Exposition Mr. Mason has
a very pretty home near Sumter, and
owns other property in and around the
town.
THE FIRST IDEA.
As carly as 1874 Mr. Mason con?
ceived the idea of constructing a ma?
chine for harvesting of cotton which
would take the place of the slow and
expensive process of picking the staple
by hand. Attempts had been made to
construct such a machine as early as
1854, but had proved futile owing to
the apparently insuperable obstacles in
the way. As is well known to every
one acquainted with the growing of
cotton, the bolls containing the staple
open at different times, and on different
portions of the plant at the same time.
Thus there are open bolls, ready to be
picked, green unopen bolts, blooms and
embryo bolls (known as 'forms') on the
plant at one and the same time. The
requirements, therefore, of a machine
for harvesting cotton are that it shall be
so constructed as to discriminate be?
tween the open cotton and. the anopen
bolls, blooms and forms. That is to
say that the machine shall be able to
pick out the cotton from the open bolls
without injuring thc green bolls, blooms
and forms, without tearing the foliage
of the plant and without picking, with
the staple, any trash or dead particles
of the plant which may lower, the grade
of thc cotton. To accomplish such a
task by mere machinery seems to be an
impossibility, and in fact, up to thc
construction of the machine now de?
scribed, oat of nearly one hundred
patents granted for cotton harvesters
not one bad, upon being jested, shown
merit, enough to warrant their manu?
facture fer use.
THE HASELTON PICKER.
A year or two ago a patent was
granted to Mr. I). B. Haselton, of this
city, for a cotton harvester, and anoth?
er patent for a cleaning attachment to !
be operated in conjunction with it.
The syndicate alluded to above in 1882
entered into an agreement with Mr.
Haselton to cou>truct one of bis ma?
chines for trial. A machine was con?
structed and was tested late last fall,
the completion of the machine being de?
layed by the inevitable difficulties met
with iu perfecting new machinery.
The result of the test was not satisfac?
tory, but it was believed the failure
was due only to the construction of the {
machine, and not to the principle of the j
invention. Certain chances were su?r
ri D
gestcd, and during the present year a
modified machine hus bern made, j
This machine has also been tested. !
but in its present thape ii? t<;0 heavy j
and cumbersome to be of much practi?
cal value. The patent, however, may,
at soaie future time, be made use of.
The principle of the Haselton invention
is thc adoption of a series of hteel disks i
with teeth, so constructed that the
points or engaging ends of the teeth arc
lower than the heels of the teeth. The
result of this is tint the teeth catch
hold of only a fibrous substance, and
consequently pass over, withon" injury,
the unopen bolls and foliage. In
all the machines constructed for thc
purpose of harvesting cotton, strauge to
say, Mr. Haselten's machine and the
machine invented by ?--r.. Mason, now ?
being described, arc the only machines ;
in which the effort is made to construct,
picking machinery which would only 1
catch hold of the fibre of the open cot?
ton and pass over without injury the
unopen bolls, &c. !
THE MASON MACIUNE.
Daring the early portion of the pres- '
ent year Mr. C. T, Mason, Jr., seeing j
that a charter had been granted to th
Charleston Syndicate interested in th
Haselton machine, exhibited a model c
his machine to the Syndicate, and afte
some negotiation, sold to the Syndicat
an interest in his invention. Mr. Ma
son, as soon as the agreement was sign
ed. went to work to construct two ma
chines upon two different plans, th
picking machinery in each being th
same. After fully testing the tw
modes of construction, the planofthi
present perfected machine was adopted
This machine, which wa.? built at Sum
ter, S. C., the home of Mr. Mason, thi
inventor, has been, from time to time
tested in a field of cotton on Mr. Ma
son's place, planted for experimenta
purposes, and such changes in the con
struction as were found necessary wen
made with as little delay as possible
All who have ever bad any experienci
in the work of perfecting labor-saving
machinery, especially where the inven?
tion is intended to accomplish results
heretofore deemed impossible, will fully
appreciate the tedious and unavoidable
delays which were incident to the un?
dertaking, it is from this reason that,
although Mr. Mason's machine was
ready for trial before there was any
cotton to test it upon, the delays in
making changes a?d improvements have
been necessarily so great and so numer?
ous that at this time, when the crop is
uearly picked out in this State, the ma
shine is still undergoing changes which
will render it impossible to put it on
the market this season. This has been
i great disappointment to those direct?
ly interested, but after due consid?ra
Lion it is deemed far more important to
ase the precious time yet remaining
pvhile cotton will be in the fields to
wake the machine as perfect as possible
han to put out a few machines not
properly tested in all particulars.
VTHAT IS NEEDED. .
A machine which is to be put into
;he hands of farmers, and operated as
i rule by ordinary field hands, must be
lot only simple but must be so strong
ind compactly put together as to with?
stand, as far as may be, the wear and
?ear incident to bard usage. To se
;ure absolute simplicity and strength,
together with as large a picking capaci?
ty as possible, is now the object of the
owners of the pateuts. The perfection
?f a machine designed to harvest cotton
From the field, in addition to the natural
iifficulties in the way, as will be readi?
ly understood, is subject to a further dif
?culty. All experiments are necessari?
ly confined to a few months in each
year. After the cotton is out of the
ields no supposed improvements can
be tested with any degree of certainty,
[t ts for this reason that it becomes ne
?csary tc utilize the present crop for
?xperimental purposes.
WHAT THE MACHINE "WILL DO
A staff reporter for the Neics and
Courier saw the machine tested in a
cotton field on Mr. Mason's place at
Sumter a few days ago, and although
the cotton was very wet from the long
spell of wet weather and had been open
ready for picking fully six weeks, the
machine which was operated by one
liorse and one man harvested cotton at
the rate of over 200 pounds an hour,
which would be at the rate of 2,000
poauds a working day of ten hours,
Mr. Mason is by no means satisfied
with the present capacity of the ma
?hine and changes are now being made
which it is believed will increase its
?apacity to about 4.000 pounds of seed
:otton a day, which is equivalent to
to three bales of lint. It can be very
easily seen, even by one unfamiliar
with machinery, that the proposed
changes w??i increase the picking
capacity of the machine. Whether it
?viii harvest three bales of cotton a day
remains to be proved. Striking a fair
iverage and putting the capacity at
two bales a day any cotton planter who
is subject to the intolerable trials and
enormous expense of harvest time will
readily appreciate the almost incalcula?
ble value of such a machine.
It is supcrfiuous in an article like
this to go into an argument to
prove to the cottou planters the value of
i machine which will render them inde?
pendent of the uncertain and high-priced
process of hand-picking. The cost of
picking the last crop was nearly $50,
1)00,000, or at the rate of about ?7 a
bale. The cost to the farmer of pick?
ing a bale of cotton with this machine
will be less than one dollar. For years
the need of some appliance for harvest?
ing thc increasing crops has been
keenly felt. Year by year the negro
labor has become more unreliable and
higher-priced in this respect, and in
some of thc States it is estimated that
one-third of the crop is frequently left
in the fields from sheer inability of the
farmers to secure picking-hands at any
price. This is said to be .frequently
the case in portions of Texas and Mis?
sissippi. Planters arc now in several
portions oJ[ this State, payiug sixty
cents a hundred for having their cotton
picked, and some planters, in order to
secure hands even at this price, are
compelled to furnish conveyances tu
transport thc hands from their homes,
miles away, on Monday morning, and
take them back io their homes on Sat?
urday night. These are only a few of
the terrible trials to which thc planters
ire subjected in harvest time. Indeed
the perfection of the iuventiou has been
?onsummated at a time when it had be
some a necessity, and it is curious
enough that the history of the world
?bows that all the greatest inventions
bad come when the condition of labor
^r society demanded themas a neces?
sity.
WHAT THE MACHINE IS LIKE.
It i.s not an easy matter to write a
description of machinery, which will be
intelligible to the general public, but
:hc Mason Cotton Harvester is so sim?
ple a machine that au attempt will be
[nade to describe it in a way which will
be" understood by everybody. Thc
frame of the machine, which is made of
whiie oak. hickory and popular, is i*<>tir
md one-half feet long by four feet wide,
md nearly Gve feet high. This frame
rc?fs upon the axle of two iron wheels
three and one-half feet in diameter.
Ihese v.'h eels are situated about the
Diddle of thc frame, and upon the
right hand wheel there is a sprocket
which communicates the motion as the
wheels turn on the ?round to the roa
?hinery on the it^^eof the frame,
which picks out the cotton. A ch
band passes over the sprocket and c(
municates the motion to a chain wi
on a shaft which passes crosswise fr
one side of the machine to the oth
near the top and the rear end of
; frame. In the centre of this shaft th
is another chain wheel which com mu
cates the motion of the shaft, by mei
of a chain band, to another chain wh
in the centre of another shaft, wh
crosses the frame near the front of t
machine. Two pairs of beveled gi
wheels on this front shaft communie;
motion to two perpendicular shafts, fri
which radiate the staffs or fingers wb'i
pick the cotton.. These perpendicu
shafts run up from the bottom of t
frame near the front of the machine
each side and vary in height accordi
to the size of the machine which it
desired to make. Upon these sha
which are made of the best steel, are a
justed a series of iron circles 8 inch
in diameter, and from these circles t
picking staffs radiate like the spokes
a wheel from the hub. There are
staffs to each circle, the whole numb
of staffs in the present machine beir
120. As the shafts turn the circles at
staffs radiating from them turn bael
wards at a speed equal to the forwai
motion of the machine over the groum
The staffs overlap each other, thu
covering completely the entire spa<
from one side of the machine to tl
other. At the right hand side of tl
machine a pair of shafts for the hori
or mule is attache i to an equalizin
bar, which while the horse walks to OE
side throws the resultant of the pull i
the centre. In going into a cotton fiel
one of the wheels goes in one alley, th
other wheel goes in the other alley, tFi
horse walks in the right hand alley i
front of the right bind wheel, an
the row of cotton plant's passes th'roug
the centre of the machine between th
series of picking staffs. As the ma
chine moves forward the cotton plant
of course pass back through it, and a
the backward motion of the piekin
staffs is exactly equal to the back war
motion of the plants, the staffs enter th
plants and come out again at the sam
point. In other words, the plant is nc
torn or jostled to an appreciable ex
tent in tts passage through the staffs
Now, to understand how the staffs ac
complisb the picking of the cotton fron
the bolls the construction of the staf?
themselves must be understood. The<
are hollow cylinders of sheet brass, ar
an inch and a half in diammeter, eigh
inches long and have a conical sbapei
point which allows them to insert them
selves easily between thc twigs am
branches of the plant. The surface o
the staffs is perforated with numbers o
eliptical shaped holes, and in thes
opersiugs are set sharp pointed tectl
which are adjusted the thickness of tin
metal below the surface of the staffs
Thus thc outer surface of the staffs is a;
smooth as a piece of polished brass, am
in passing the hand or any substanci
not fibrous over them the teeth are no
felt. The moment, however, the staff
come in contact with the cotton the fibn
sinks down into the openings in whict
the teeth are set aud is caught by th<
sharp points of the teeth. Now thc
picking staffs besides their rotary mo
tion backwards around the perpendicu?
lar shafts from which they radiate have
an independent motion around their owr
axes, first in one direction and then ic
another While in the plant aud in con?
tact with the open bolls they turn in th?
direction to which the teeth point, in
this way the teeth pull out the cotton
from the bolls and the staffs then pass
out of the plant and by their rotary
motion around the shaft convey the
cotton they have attached to them round
to thc opposite sides of the shafts which
are boxed ?n as receptacles for boldiug
the cotton. When the staffs have reached
these receptacles they reverse their mo
tion, and the cotton is wiped off them by
little leather strips into the side boxes.
Tbe cotton thou fall upon a piece of
canvass belting, which turns like an
endless apron and conveys it to the
back of the machine, where it is caught
by an elvator and taken up to the top
of the machine, and thrown into two
bags which are adjusted at the back.
These bags hold about seventy-five
pounds of cotton each, and wheo filled
are detached by the driver and others
adjusted to take their place. Thus one
man can with ease drive the horse and
deposit the cotton in the bags at the
ends of the rows, whence it can be con?
veyed by cart or hand to the cotton
house, as is now done in sheets from
the field. The double motion which
the staffs have is obtained by thc usc of
friction rollers brought into contact
with upper aud lower friction plates.
The mechanism is beatifully simple
and not in the least liable to get out of
order. As the teeth of the staffs can?
not possibly catch hold of anything but
the cotton, they are not subject to be?
ing injured. In passing through thc
field thc staffs turn so evenly and rab?
idly that it is impossible to see when
they reverse their motion. All that
can be gecn is that they pass out of the
plant white with the cottou, throw it off
into the side boxes and dart again into
another bash for more. Thc whole
machine weighs less than 300 pounds,
and turns around in its own length.
When tho horse reaches tho <-nd of a
row he is turned round into the next
alley ; one wheel remains io the same
alley aud acts asa pivot, upon which thc
machine turns, while the other wheel
rolls into a new all. y
WHAT THE MACH?NK WILT, COST.
It i? difficult at. this time to state
what thc machines will cost, as the j
price put upon them will depend very
much upon the capacity that is attained,
that is to say upon the quantity of cot?
ton that en?:h machine will harvest in a
day. it will be tho e?7ort of the Syndi?
cate, if thc machines are sold outright,
to place them at such a figure that they j
can bc paid for in one season by the !
saving to the planter in thc o>t of har
vesting his crop. It may bc, however, i
that thc policy of those controlling the j
paten's will be to lease thc machines. !
These arc matters which the company i
will determine later. In the mean- i
while every nerve will be strained to j
make the machines perfect and to secure j
special tools and machiuey for making j
the picking staffs rapidly and economical- '
ly. In the preseut machine there are 120 j
of these staffs having an aggregate of
over 21,000 teeth. It will be readily j 1
j appreciated that the labor and cost of
making these staffs by hand is immense
and by the judicious use of special tools
can be very easily reduced. Patents
have been secured on several differeut
styles of staffs covering every possible
[ way rn which a tooth can be guarded
j for the purpose of pickingjeotton, but the
staff above described has been found to
be the most easily made.
AX OFFICIAL TEST.
As soon as some changes in the fric?
tion plates, which are now being made,
are completed, it is desired by those
directly interested that a committee of
cotton planters shall witness an exhibi?
tion of the machine and give a written
statement of its work. The machine
has been seen at work by dozens of peo?
ple already, but these have been pres?
ent only at the ordinary experiments
made by the inventor, lt is unfortu?
nate that the crop ir, being so rapidly
harvested. There will, however, be
cotton open rn some parts of the State
for some time yet, and if deemed of
sufficient importance, the machine will
be transported to a favorable locality
and be exhibited.
THE F IK ST MACHINE-PICKED BALE.
The first bale of cotton picked by the
machine and the very first bale ever
harvested by machinery is expected to
be on exhibition to-day or to-morrow at
the Charleston Cotton Exchange. The
grade of ?he cotton is not the best, no
particular attention being paid to its
cultivation. It was planted merely for
experimental purposes, and much of it
was allowed to remain open in the field
for several weeks before it was picked.
lu condition as to cleanliness and free?
dom from trash, however, will show
that the machine has practically solved
the great problem of harvesting cot
tou by machiuery.
BILL ARR
His Eeflections on the Soil, Cli?
mate and Productions of the
Country.
[From the Cultivator and Dixie Farmer.]
Judge Henderson tells me that lie
has written letters to a good many
successful wheat growers to know
when they sow and how they sow and
how they prepare thc ground. 1 ??ope
he will get answers in time to publish
them in this number, for 1 find that
good many farmers in tin's region dif?
fer very much on these things, and
we want to know the best way. With
fair, average seasons we are pretty*
sure of a good corn crop and a good
cotton crop, but the wheat is always
uncertain, and nobody seems to know
why. One good crop in three years
is doing pretty well for North Geor?
gia, lt is not so in thc West or the
Northwest. It is good, and it is bet?
ter, but hardly ever a failure.
Tve been reading some upon this
subject, and my own conclusions are
that it is thc farmer's fault and not
the lands or the seasons. In the first
place, we ought to get our seed south
of us, where the grain ripens earlier,
and it will then come in ahead of the
rust. Co). Carter raises from six to
eight thousand bushels a year, and he
sells it ali and sends down country
for his seed. Ile lunns in M un ay
county where the spring opens from
four to six weeks later than it does in
Souther.*) Georgia. Year before last
I got some seed from Lincoln county,
and some from Kentucky. The first
ripened early and had no rust, and
made sixteen bushels to the acre.
The last made nothing.
After I bought it, I didn't want to sow it ;
I thought I was a fool, and uow I know ir.
Some farmers plow their wheat in
with scooters, some harrow it in,
some brush it in and some few put il
iu with a grain drill. All agree that
it ought to be put in shallow at the
South where the winters are neither
long"non severe. 1 had right good
wheat ono year that come up where
we had run the thrasher, and it was
not covered at all. So I think J he
best plan is to harrow it with a light ?
dressing harrow and follow willi a '
roller, 1 think more ol' my roller ,
than most any other implement. We
made it at home and it cost only two
dollais, and it is as good as an iron j
one that cost forty, lt is made of
poplar and is in two sections, each
three feet and a half long and three j
feet in diameter, has a frame around
it, and a seat on top and a sheep skin j
on the seat to make it luxurious. The i
roller presses the earth around thc
grain, and aller it comos up and be?
gins to show green, it should be roil
ed again, and when it will hide a rab?
bit roll ' it once more. The fact is, J
you can't roll it too much. One
writer says his tenants made a path
through bis wheat field, and tramped
it hard, and lie didn't like it and stop?
ped 'cm, but the path was the best 1
wheal he had, and was plainly visible <
when the wheat got ripe. Another I
writer says lie had to move his gin i
house, and drove his teams across the ]
field, soon after the wheat come up, ?
and ti;o mules and the wagon wheels t
packed it down pretty bad and the c
best wheat he made was there. If t
these be facts, we ought to learn t
something from them, lint nobody t
need expect a good crop unless he p
has plowed deep and pulverized the j t
soil. It is only toe surface thal needs 1
rolling ami packing*. Tho top soil j
must be kept close around thc lit ile *
rootlets, and if a freeze spews up the <
ground and tears some ol them, they j ?
must be pressed back again as soon j t
as practicable. One man from Ken- a
lucky, says he has doubled his crop ;:1
since he began with the roller. j 1
There is another question to settle, ! 1
and that is, when to s-nv-I mean i 3
when is this latitude, or rather theil
region-for the same latitudes have I c
not the same climate. There is nu old '
Englishman living near me who says i
that, 'llover hin il ingland they sow ; i
wheat hin dust and hoais in mortar.' I ]
Ile says he has seen his father sow ! f
his oats when it was pouring down ?
rain, but he waited for a dry time to j a
put in his wheat. That may be good j s
practice and. the result of long ex-j o
perience, and there may be a good ! n
reason for it but we don't know it. j t
About this'?'?.osti?n of acclimation!?
L was very much bewildered until 1 j t
had a talk with Mr. Newman, of our ' c
Agricultural Department, and he gave j
mc the general principles. Ile says j
that all annuals that begin their j
growth in the spring and mature in j
the hummer will ripen sooner if the ;
seed comes from the North, while j
plants that begin their growth in the ?
fall and mature the next summer will I
ripen sooner if brought from the j
South. Northern corn will ripen
here in three months like it does ;
there, but the next year it will begin !
to acclimate and ripen later. But !
Georgia com will not mature at all
in Massachusetts. Their summer is ;
loo short. And so it will not do to '
sow Northern wheat in our Southern !
States. It takes eleven mouths up ;
there for it to mature, and it wants to I
be just as long about it here. He j
says that it would pay our North I
Georgia farmers to get our colton j
seed from Tennessee, or as far North ;
as good cotlou is made, for it would i
mature earlier and escape the frosts. ;
I didn't ask him about those plants ;
that, grow in winter and summer both, j
such as Irish potatoes and onions, j
and turnips Wc get most of our po- j
tato seed from the North, but I sup- j ?
pose it is because they bring us the j t
earliest fruit; but suppose we get | '
them from the South and plant in Oe- j '
tober or November, would they not . '
mature as early ? i1
?Jut after all there seems to be an- j i
other law to come in and have some j t
force. The law of adaptation. That j
Yankee corn that g;ivcs us a few sick?
ly nubbins in the garden by the
fourth of July, is not much account.
It is not near so good as our own j
corn that comes a month later. It is j
not near so good, nor so perfect, as ?
it is up North where it came from. I j j
believe that every country and climate j
has its natural fauna and flora. The I j
Creator gave every land both animals j
and vegetables that were suited to it, j i
and when you remove them their na j ]
ture has to go through a change, or j
they can't survive it. And that is j ^
the reason why cattle take the mur- \
rain and die when brought here from j \
west of the Alleganies. That line oft!
mountains seems to cut the climate in i,
two as well as the country, lt cuts j .
it Northeast and Southwest. But it j |
didn't cut the people in two. Our J i
people assimilate better with the peo-1 j
pie west of us than with those North- !
east of us Climate is a very srbtle I j
thing, and its influences on vegetable j t
life are curious. A few years ago our j '
people liked to have broke themselves ? j
buying Northern fruit trees, and they {(
were not worth a cent when they got j
them. The beautiful pictures of the j '
fruit sold them. Apples won't grow j
to tnuei perfection in Barlow county, j
but fiftv miles north of us most anv !
kind of a tree will bring fine apples | j
Gilmer and Pickens comities grow as j (
fine apples as ever come from Michi- j
gan. 1 have seen them come from ? '
there that measured twenty inches j
around. A learned judge told me j ?
there was a tree up there that was ;
known to be over a hundred years ?
old, and was sixty feet high and three
feet in diameter, and its limbs spread
out in proportion. Ant)!her man
told me that one time when the law?
yers were all going up there to court,
in ten buggies and more on horse?
back, they had to pass through a nar?
row lane with large apple tree on
each side, and the apples were six j
inches deep on the ground in the
lane, and the horses smashed 'em,
and the wheels cut 'em and after the
last buggy had passed then? was a
stream of cider running down the lane
big enough to turn a saw mill. I
could prove this to be a fact, but the
man who said he saw it is dead.
Truly, truly climate is a wonderful
thiner. . BIM. A RP.
A Natural Trotter.
Jay-Eye-See is so perfectly balanced
in his action that he does not need to be
heavily shod. He wears eight ounce
shoes forward and four ounce siioes be?
hind A peculiar habit of this young
horse is found io his manner of eating
his hay and oats. When fed, a pail of
water is placed near his box of oats
[Ie will take a mouthful of oats, stick
his nose in the water, take another
mouthful of oats, again dip hi* nose in ?{
:hc water, and so ou continually until j !
bis grain is eaten up clean. He then i j
proceeds thc same with his hay, until j
io has consumed a liberal supply, j 1
in this way he avoids thc ill effects of j(
lusty hay or oats. Ile is a good feed- | '
ir at ali times, eating twelve quarts of j f
?ats and the usual allowance of hay - j1
Louisville Courier-Journal. _ j j
A Valuable Cow. c
11
A thoroughbred Jersey cow, owned 11
)y Valanccy K. Fuller, of Hamilton, | .
JtHario, Canada, and registered as r
Mary Anne, of St. Lambert, (0,770.) L
s undergoing a butter test for one
,-ear, and has completed the fourth | a
nonth nod au additional day, with the ! -j
{paralleled yield of 4?7 pounds L
>unces of butter, which is salted only j
me ounce to the pound. Two weeks of j '
lits test were verified by a committee of
he Canadian Jersey Bleeders' Associ- ; 0
ition. Tiie last week of the test the j
;ow yielded 27 pounds 9? ounces of i
Hitter. Statistics give thc average
field, of dairy cows during thc grass h
:eason at shout one pound of butter a :J
lav, and a cow that gives two pounds a ,]
hiv is regarded as very superior. This a
est is the subject, of lively, interest j i
inion?? breeders, as it promises to show ? c
t yield greater than that of the cow ? t
vu rotas, (*J.-<.r>4.) that gave 77S pounds j |<
[ ounce and bore a calf within the : t
rear, which is tire best score of the : a
:ind on record. The two cows arc ' t
losely related iu blood. jc
'I would like to get a certificate of f*
nsanity,' said a mau to one of the Asy- j o
uni Regents. 'Who do you want it j s
or V 'MvscKV 'Are vou insane!'i tt
i
Crazy as a chinch.' *And you want j it
dmittance iuto thc Asylum T 'Yes j n
ir.' 'What evidence can .you give us ! t!
fyour insanity ?' Evidence that you can- ! tl
lot dispute. I read a three column ar- 1 ;y
icle on thc tariff ' 'Go to the asylum I
nd tell thc keeper. He'll admit you. j t!
n positive cases certificates are not ne- j g
essary.' . tc
The State House.
At the la?t session of the J>gis?atur
a concurrent resolution was passed ree
questicg the Governor to obtain esti?
mates of the cost of completing thc
State House in detail according to the
original plan and to ascertain how
much of convict labor could be judi?
ciously employed in the work.
In accordance with this resolution,
the Governor has been in consultation
with Mr. John H. Nierosee, the archi?
tect who planued the building and who
is now in the city. To make the re?
quired estimate it will be necessary to
lake an actual measurement of the ma?
terial ii w on hand. There are a large
number of blocks of granite that have
been for years lying on the State House
grounds and that were intended for
this work, and ali these will have to be
measured up and many intricate calcu
ia'ions entered into before such an es?
timate as is .required can be submited
to the Legislature, hut before that body
meets the report will be ready.
The resolution in question is mere?
ly for the purpose of ascertaining the
30st of completing the building, and
there is nothing in it that indicates
wheo (if ever) the work will be doue,
but that something should be doue,*and
ihat right speedily, is evident to" all
who have any knowledge of the build
ng and its present coudition.-Regis
er.
A. Pig that Would go to
Church.
A gentleman who attended thc late
neeting of the Eastern Baptist Asso
?iation, in Pender county, informs ns
)f an iucideut that came to his know
edge while there. A Mr. K. P.
Allen, who lives about fifteen miles dis
:ant from Bethlehem Church, in Caio
uck township, where the meeting was
:eld, started to attend the same, but bad
:iot proceeded very far on his journey,
ivhen he discovered that he was being
followed by a pet hog that he thought
i great deal of. As it is no more io
iccordance with the prevailing fashion
for hogs (of that particular species)
:o go to meeting in the counfry than
it is in town, Mr. Alien halted at the
3rst house he came to and got permis?
sion to put up his favorite 'porker*
there until his return, but he bad not
?one any considerable distance before
he was surprised to hear again what
sounded like the peculiar grunt of his
pet on the road behind him, and a look
to the rear confirmed his suspicion, for
there was no doubting bis identity.
At the next house he secured tempo?
rary quarters fur him again ; but, upon
Mr. Allen's arrival at the church, one
Df the first grunts of satisfaction which
greeted his appearance came from his
awn pct pig, who had followed him the
sn fire fifteen miles, apparently deter?
mined that no put up pigstye or any?
thing else should deprive him of the
privilege of attending meeting with
the 'boss' that time.- Wilmington
Star._
Buford's Bridge Giant.
Our town was visited last week, by
a young man and his mother, hailing
from Buford's Bridge, fourteen miles
below here. The young man is 24
years old, weighs 6*2 lbs., and is o_
feet high. The citizens in and around
the Bridge can testifv to the truth of the
?ireatest part of this statement, and we.
have no doubt but that it is all correct
To see him strolling round, one would
take him to be about 14 years of age.
tie is very interesting, for his oppor?
tunities, and quite cheerful. He is a
farmer by occupation, picks his 100 lbs.
of cotton by noon each day, can attend
to a grits mill, &c.
Who knows but he will take Tom
Thumb's place and amass a fortune ere
many years rot! round. He joined the
Barnwell Democratic Club and east his
?ecoud baliot herc last Tuesday week,
in the Primary, for.Mr. Ja::; si". Davis.
In his younger days ar school, he was
jnite pugilistic, and was said to be
tiard to handle. Med Henderson is
ii is name. - Barnwell Sentinel.
Rational Banks.
lt is doubtful if r-ny one thought,
tvheo the national banking system was
tdopted. that the time would come when
i reduction of the tariff would be urged
;o save the natioua! banks. That time,
?owevcr, bas come. When Congress
neets, it is probable that tho infiuence
if the national banks will be exerted to
)rin? about a further reduction of the
arifF. Leading bankers say that is the
>nly wa\\ as far as they now soe, to
cave thc national banks. A good many
>aukers have already withdrawn their
drculation because they found it would
?ot pay. The national bank circulation
las, in consequence, decreased about
en million duliars in the past eleven
nouths. It thc Secretary of the Treasa
v continues to call in bonds the de
irease in the circulation will be more
apid than it vras during the past year,
s the accumulation of revenue in the
IVeasury daily increases At thepres
nt ra!o of redu-.-iug the debt it will re?
quire but a few years to pay offthe three
?er cent "bonds. The Treasurer now
nlv holds two hundred and two million
f these bonds to secure circulation.
How to Put on a Postage Stamp.
A man can always learn something
f he will only look about him. 1 was
t thc Post Office Department the other
lay. and ? noticed an employe busy
faxing stamps to envelopes. Every
imo he moistened the right haod
orner of the envelope and
hen placed the stamp upon it. I asked
lim ii' there was any advantage in wet
in^ the envelope instead of the stamp,
nd he said 'You notice that I moisten
be envelope first ; well. ? do that be
ausc it is thc right way. There is a
ight and a wrong way to put on pos
age stamps, lt i? impossible to moist
n a stamp with the tongue unless a
mall proportion of the gum adheres
3 it. Now, this glim is by no means
rjurious, but then the department do
ot advertise it as a health food ; so
?ie only way left is thc right way, and
tat is lo moisten thc envelope first.'
kflcr listening to this brief statement,
felt as though T had emerged from
be deep shade of ignorance to the
lorious sunlight of knowledge.-^Bos
>n Traveller s Washington Letter.